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Journal articles on the topic 'Synchrony'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Rodríguez Fernández-Peña, Alfonso Carlos. "The aesthetics of isochrony and literal synchrony in voice-over translation." Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció, no. 20 (December 15, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.301.

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Voice-over translation is characterised by some technical synchronic features (isochrony, literal synchrony, action synchrony, kinetic synchrony, content synchrony and character synchrony). From these, isochrony and literal synchrony contribute to the illusion of authenticity and realism with what is called sound bites (a time span in the target version in which we only hear the original voice, and which can occur at the beginning and/or at the end of the speaker’s intervention). In our study, after analysing a corpus made up of different voiced-over programmes using speech analysis software and a spreadsheet, we have seen that the average duration of sound bites differs from that stated by the scholarly tradition both in terms of seconds and number of words. In addition, we also analysed samples that show no literal synchrony to see how and whether the rendition success of those parts could be affected. The results confirm that sound bites and literal synchrony are aesthetic enhancers which provide voice-over with an authenticity feel that makes it, for some scholars, the most faithful and reliable audiovisual translation mode.

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2

Gelfand, Michele J., Nava Caluori, Joshua Conrad Jackson, and Morgan K. Taylor. "The cultural evolutionary trade-off of ritualistic synchrony." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1805 (June 29, 2020): 20190432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0432.

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From Australia to the Arctic, human groups engage in synchronous behaviour during communal rituals. Because ritualistic synchrony is widespread, many argue that it is functional for human groups, encouraging large-scale cooperation and group cohesion. Here, we offer a more nuanced perspective on synchrony's function. We review research on synchrony's prosocial effects, but also discuss synchrony's antisocial effects such as encouraging group conflict, decreasing group creativity and increasing harmful obedience. We further argue that a tightness–looseness (TL) framework helps to explain this trade-off and generates new predictions for how ritualistic synchrony should evolve over time, where it should be most prevalent, and how it should affect group well-being. We close by arguing that synthesizing the literature on TL with the literature on synchrony has promise for understanding synchrony's role in a broader cultural evolutionary framework. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.

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3

Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Louis Penner, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Susan Eggly. "Nonconscious nonverbal synchrony and patient and physician affect and rapport in cancer treatment discussions with black and white patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.121.

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121 Background: Clinical communication is poorer with Black patients than with White patients, but most studies are limited to verbal communication. Nonverbal synchrony, the nonconscious coordination of movement between individuals, has been shown to reflect relationship quality. We investigated nonverbal synchrony’s association with patient and physician affect and rapport in cancer treatment discussions, and if those associations differed by patient race. Methods: We used motion detection software to measure overall synchrony and synchrony based on who is leading in the interaction (similar to leading in dancing) in video recordings of 68 Black patients and 163 White patients discussing treatment with their physicians. Naïve observers rated the interaction for six constructs: patient and physician positive and negative affect and patient-physician positive and negative rapport. We examined associations between patient race, nonverbal synchrony and the six constructs. Results: In interactions with Black patients, overall synchrony was positively associated with patients’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. When the physician was leading, synchrony was positively associated with patients’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. When the patient was leading, synchrony was positively associated with patients’ and physicians’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport, and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. In interactions with White patients, overall synchrony was positively associated with patient positive affect; when the physician was leading, synchrony was negatively associated with patient negative affect. Conclusions: This is the first study to use a dynamic, jointly-determined measure in patient-physician communication. Synchrony was related to patient and physician affect and rapport in interactions with Black patients, but only patient affect in interactions with White patients, suggesting nonverbal synchrony is particularly important in interactions with Black patients. Next, we will investigate associations with patient outcomes, such as satisfaction. Findings could contribute to physician training to enhance coordination and outcomes in oncology interactions.

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Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Louis Penner, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Susan Eggly. "Nonconscious nonverbal synchrony and patient and physician affect and rapport in cancer treatment discussions with black and white patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 12116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.12116.

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12116 Background: Clinical communication is poorer with Black patients than with White patients, but most studies are limited to verbal communication. Nonverbal synchrony, the subtle, nonconscious coordination of movement between individuals, has been shown to reflect relationship quality. We investigated nonverbal synchrony’s association with patient and physician affect and rapport in cancer treatment discussions, and if those associations differed by patient race. Methods: We used motion detection software to measure overall synchrony and synchrony based on who is leading in the interaction (similar to leading in dancing) in video recordings of 68 Black patients and 163 White patients discussing treatment with their non-Black physicians. Additionally, naïve observers rated the interaction for six constructs: patient and physician positive and negative affect and patient-physician positive and negative rapport. We examined associations between nonverbal synchrony and the six constructs. Results: In interactions with Black patients, overall synchrony was positively associated with patients’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. When the physician was leading, synchrony was positively associated with patients’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. When the patient was leading, synchrony was positively associated with patients’ and physicians’ positive affect and positive patient-physician rapport, and negatively associated with patients’ negative affect and negative patient-physician rapport. In interactions with White patients, overall synchrony was positively associated with patient positive affect; when the physician was leading, synchrony was negatively associated with patient negative affect. Conclusions: This is the first study to use an innovative measure of dynamic communication in patient-physician cancer treatment discussions. Nonverbal synchrony was related to patient and physician affect and rapport in interactions with Black patients, but only patient affect in interactions with White patients, suggesting nonverbal synchrony is particularly important in interactions with Black patients. Next steps include investigating associations with patient outcomes (e.g., satisfaction). Findings could contribute to physician training.

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5

Henschel, Anna, and Emily S. Cross. "No evidence for enhanced likeability and social motivation towards robots after synchrony experience." Interaction Studies 21, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.19004.hen.

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Abstract A wealth of social psychology studies suggests that moving in synchrony with another person can positively influence their likeability and prosocial behavior towards them. Recently, human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers have started to develop real-time, adaptive synchronous movement algorithms for social robots. However, little is known how socially beneficial synchronous movements with a robot actually are. We predicted that moving in synchrony with a robot would improve its likeability and participants’ social motivation towards the robot, as measured by the number of questions asked during a free interaction period. Using a between-subjects design, we implemented the synchrony manipulation via a drawing task. Contrary to predictions, we found no evidence that participants who moved in synchrony with the robot rated it as more likeable or asked it more questions. By including validated behavioral and neural measures, future studies can generate a better and more objective estimation of synchrony’s effects on rapport with social robots.

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6

Buzsáki, Gyorgy. "Neuronal synchrony." L’annuaire du Collège de France, no. 108 (December 1, 2008): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/annuaire-cdf.284.

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7

Kraus, Nina. "Neural Synchrony." Hearing Journal 67, no. 6 (June 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000451360.70842.cd.

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8

ERMENTROUT, G. BARD. "Firefly synchrony." Nature 353, no. 6341 (September 1991): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353220b0.

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9

Shadlen, Michael N., and J. Anthony Movshon. "Synchrony Unbound." Neuron 24, no. 1 (September 1999): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80822-3.

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10

Zhang, Zuohua, and Dana H. Ballard. "Distributed synchrony." Neurocomputing 44-46 (June 2002): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(02)00463-0.

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11

Graham, Cynthia A. "Menstrual synchrony." Human Nature 2, no. 4 (December 1991): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692195.

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12

Irnich, Werner. "Atrioventricular Synchrony." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 12, no. 12 (December 1989): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1989.tb01890.x.

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13

Brown, Julie Joslyn, and Zoe Arlene K. Avstreih. "On synchrony." Arts in Psychotherapy 16, no. 3 (September 1989): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-4556(89)90018-x.

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14

Greenwood, Donald D. "Synchrony and “synchrony suppression” in primary auditory neurons." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, S1 (November 1985): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2022934.

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15

Cuadros, Zamara, Esteban Hurtado, and Carlos Cornejo. "Infant-adult synchrony in spontaneous and nonspontaneous interactions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e0244138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244138.

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Infant-adult synchrony has been reported through observational and experimental studies. Nevertheless, synchrony is addressed differently in both cases. While observational studies measure synchrony in spontaneous infant-adult interactions, experimental studies manipulate it, inducing nonspontaneous synchronous and asynchronous interactions. A still unsolved question is to what extent differ spontaneous synchrony from the nonspontaneous one, experimentally elicited. To address this question, we conducted a study to compare synchrony in both interactional contexts. Forty-three 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of two independent groups: (1) the spontaneous interaction context, consisting of a storytime session; and (2) the nonspontaneous interaction context, where an assistant bounced the infant in synchrony with a stranger. We employed an optical motion capture system to accurately track the time and form of synchrony in both contexts. Our findings indicate that synchrony arising in spontaneous exchanges has different traits than synchrony produced in a nonspontaneous interplay. The evidence presented here offers new insights for rethinking the study of infant-adult synchrony and its consequences on child development.

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16

Hu, Hang, and Ariel Agmon. "Properties of precise firing synchrony between synaptically coupled cortical interneurons depend on their mode of coupling." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 1 (July 2015): 624–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00304.2015.

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Precise spike synchrony has been widely reported in the central nervous system, but its functional role in encoding, processing, and transmitting information is yet unresolved. Of particular interest is firing synchrony between inhibitory cortical interneurons, thought to drive various cortical rhythms such as gamma oscillations, the hallmark of cognitive states. Precise synchrony can arise between two interneurons connected electrically, through gap junctions, chemically, through fast inhibitory synapses, or dually, through both types of connections, but the properties of synchrony generated by these different modes of connectivity have never been compared in the same data set. In the present study we recorded in vitro from 152 homotypic pairs of two major subtypes of mouse neocortical interneurons: parvalbumin-containing, fast-spiking (FS) interneurons and somatostatin-containing (SOM) interneurons. We tested firing synchrony when the two neurons were driven to fire by long, depolarizing current steps and used a novel synchrony index to quantify the strength of synchrony, its temporal precision, and its dependence on firing rate. We found that SOM-SOM synchrony, driven solely by electrical coupling, was less precise than FS-FS synchrony, driven by inhibitory or dual coupling. Unlike SOM-SOM synchrony, FS-FS synchrony was strongly firing rate dependent and was not evident at the prototypical 40-Hz gamma frequency. Computer simulations reproduced these differences in synchrony without assuming any differences in intrinsic properties, suggesting that the mode of coupling is more important than the interneuron subtype. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms and properties of interneuron synchrony and point out important caveats in current models of cortical oscillations.

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17

Schieber, Marc H., and Gil Rivlis. "A Spectrum From Pure Post-Spike Effects to Synchrony Effects in Spike-Triggered Averages of Electromyographic Activity During Skilled Finger Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 5 (November 2005): 3325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00007.2005.

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During individuated finger movements, a high proportion of synchrony effects was found in spike-triggered averages (SpikeTAs) of rectified electromyographic activity aligned on the spikes discharged by primary motor cortex (M1) neurons. Because synchrony effects can be produced even if the trigger neuron itself provides no direct synaptic connections to motoneurons, such nonoscillatory synchrony effects often are discounted when considering control of motoneuron pools. We therefore examined the distinctions between pure postspike effects and synchrony effects. The criteria usually applied to distinguish pure and synchrony effects—onset latency and peak width—failed to separate the present SpikeTA effects objectively into distinct subpopulations. Synchrony effects generally were larger than pure effects. Many M1 neurons produced pure effects in some muscles while producing synchrony effects in others. M1 neurons producing no effects, only pure effects, only synchrony effects, or both pure and synchrony effects did not fall into different groups based on discharge characteristics during finger movements. Nor were neurons producing different types of SpikeTA effects segregated spatially in M1. These observations suggest that neurons producing pure and synchrony SpikeTA effects come from similar M1 populations. We discuss potential mechanisms that might have produced a continuous spectrum of variation from pure to synchrony effects in the present monkeys. Although synchrony effects cannot be taken as evidence of mono- or disynaptic connections from the recorded neuron to the motoneuron pool, the functional linkages indicated by synchrony effects represent a substantial fraction of M1 input to motoneuron pools during skilled, individuated finger movements.

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18

Dale, Rick, Gregory A. Bryant, Joseph H. Manson, and Matthew M. Gervais. "Body synchrony in triadic interaction." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 200095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200095.

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Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the structure of synchrony in groups larger than two. We conducted an optic flow analysis of body movement in triads engaged in face-to-face conversation, and explored a common measure of synchrony: time-aligned bodily covariation. We correlated this measure of synchrony with a diverse set of covariates related to the outcome of interactions. Triads showed higher maximum cross-correlation relative to a surrogate baseline, and ‘meta-synchrony’, in that composite dyads in a triad tended to show correlated structure. A windowed analysis also revealed that synchrony varies widely across an interaction. As in prior studies, average synchrony was low but statistically reliable in just a few minutes of interaction. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the potential function of body synchrony by predicting it from various covariates, such as linguistic style matching, liking, laughter and cooperative play in a behavioural economic game. Exploratory results do not reveal a clear function for synchrony, though colaughter within triads was associated with greater body synchrony, and is consistent with an earlier analysis showing a positive connection between colaughter and cooperation. We end by discussing the importance of expanding and codifying analyses of synchrony and assessing its function.

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19

Krebs, Charles J., Alice J. Kenney, Scott Gilbert, Kjell Danell, Anders Angerbjörn, Sam Erlinge, Robert G. Bromley, Chris Shank, and Suzanne Carriere. "Synchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-120.

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Population fluctuations may occur in synchrony among several rodent species at a given site, and they may occur in synchrony over large geographical areas. We summarize information on synchrony in lemmings and voles from the Canadian Arctic for the past 20 years. The most detailed available information is from the central Canadian Arctic, where snap-trap samples have been taken annually at several sites for periods of up to 15 years. Geographical synchrony in the same species among different sites was strong, especially for the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. Synchrony among different species at a given site was also generally high. When one species is at high density, densities of all species at that site tend to be high. These results do not easily fit the mobile-predator hypothesis proposed to explain regional synchrony, and are more consistent with the weather hypothesis, which we suggest both entrains synchrony among sites and enforces synchrony among species within a site. We tentatively support the weather hypothesis for geographical synchrony in lemmings, and recommend the establishment of a circumpolar program to monitor lemming cycles and predator movements that would advance our understanding of these large-scale patterns of cyclic synchrony.

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20

Qiu, Shiyun, Xiao Xu, Shuangshuang Liu, Wenwen Liu, Jing Liu, Ming Nie, Fuchen Shi, Yihui Zhang, Jacob Weiner, and Bo Li. "Latitudinal pattern of flowering synchrony in an invasive wind-pollinated plant." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 2018): 20181072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1072.

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Flowering synchrony can play an important role in plants' reproductive success, which is essential for the successful establishment and spread of invasive plants. Although flowering synchrony has been found to be closely related to climatic factors, the effects of variation in such factors along latitudinal gradient on flowering synchrony and the role of flowering synchrony in the reproductive success of invading populations remain largely unexplored. In a 2-year field study, we examined the latitudinal variation of flowering phenology, especially flowering synchrony, in an invasive plant, Spartina alterniflora , along coastal China, and its relationship with population seed set across three climatic zones. We found that first flowering date was delayed, and flowering synchrony increased with increasing latitude. Flowering synchrony was negatively related to temperature during flowering season but not to soil properties or precipitation, suggesting that climate has shaped the latitudinal pattern of flowering synchrony. Moreover, a positive correlation between flowering synchrony and seed set across latitudes indicates the possible role of flowering synchrony in the latitudinal pattern of sexual reproduction in S. alterniflora . These results suggest that, in addition to the effects of climate on the growth of invasive species, climatic factors can play an important role in the invasion success of alien plants by regulating the flowering synchrony and thus the reproductive success of invasive plants.

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21

Miller, Mark Roman, Neeraj Sonalkar, Ade Mabogunje, Larry Leifer, and Jeremy Bailenson. "Synchrony within Triads using Virtual Reality." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479544.

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Synchrony, the natural time-dependence of behavior in human interaction, is a pervasive feature of communication. However, most studies of synchrony have focused on dyadic interaction. In the current work, we explore synchrony in three-person teams using immersive virtual reality. Participants spent about two hours collaborating on four separate design tasks. The tracking data from the VR system allowed precise measurement of head and hand movements, facilitating calculation of synchrony. Results replicated previous work that found nonverbal synchrony in dyads in immersive VR. Moreover, we manipulated the context of the task environment, an informal garage or a traditional conference room. The environment for the task influenced synchrony, with higher levels occurring in the conference room than the garage. We also explored different methods of extending synchrony from dyads to triads, and explore the relationship of synchrony to turn taking and gaze. This paper provides theoretical insights about nonverbal synchrony and how design work functions in triads and provides suggestions for designers of VR to support good collaboration.

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22

Varga S., Katalin, and Katalin Varga. "Visual imaginative synchrony." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.67.2012.2.5.

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Kutatásunkban az imaginatív tevékenység szinkronizációs folyamatának vizuális modalitását, az interakciós partnerek által átélt Vizuális Imaginatív Szinkront (rövidítve: VIS) vizsgáljuk. A VIS olyan interakciós szinkronjelenség, mely az egymásra hangolódás egy jellegzetes formáját, a képzeleti tevékenység külső megítélő által is azonosítható harmonizációját jelenti. A VIS operacionalizálási folyamata alkalmazható hipnózis és éber helyzetben egyaránt. A Vizuális Imaginatív Szinkron vizsgálatához standardizált eljárás segítségével inger-szavakat nyertünk. Az esetleges szinkronjelenségek megismeréséhez kialakítottuk a rajz és leírás együttesét alkalmazó VIS tesztet, melyet a diádok résztvevői minden egyes, interakciós helyzetenként 5 darab motívum után külön kitöltöttek. A VIS értékeket a diádok VIS tesztjeinek független megítélők hasonlóság alapján történő megítélésével határoztuk meg. A tanulmányban ismertetjük a standardizált keretek között zajló hipnózis és éber vizsgálati helyzetek eredményeit, illetve a VIS kapcsolatát további tesztekkel mért pszichológiai ismérvekkel (Képzeleti Tevékenység Kérdőív (VVIQ), Archaikus Bevonódási Skála (ABS), Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), Diádikus Interakciós Harmónia (DIH), Szemekből Olvasás Teszt (SZOT)). Az eredmények alapján kijelenthetjük, hogy egy új interakciós szinkronjelenséget azonosítottunk, mely megbízhatóan mérhető éber és hipnózis helyzetben egyaránt.

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23

Doerschug, Kevin C. "Patient-Ventilator Synchrony." Clinics in Chest Medicine 43, no. 3 (September 2022): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2022.05.005.

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24

Feldman, Ruth. "Parent–Infant Synchrony." Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, no. 6 (December 2007): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00532.x.

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25

Cruikshank, Scott J., and Barry W. Connors. "State-sanctioned synchrony." Nature 454, no. 7206 (August 2008): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/454839a.

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26

Wiltermuth, Scott S., and Chip Heath. "Synchrony and Cooperation." Psychological Science 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02253.x.

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27

Mamassian, P. "Visuo-motor synchrony." Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (March 18, 2010): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.395.

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28

Welberg, Leonie. "Selection through synchrony." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, no. 11 (September 26, 2012): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3358.

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29

Brown, Alastair. "Oscillating in synchrony." Nature Climate Change 3, no. 10 (September 25, 2013): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2018.

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30

Brody, Carlos D. "Correlations Without Synchrony." Neural Computation 11, no. 7 (October 1, 1999): 1537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016133.

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Peaks in spike train correlograms are usually taken as indicative of spike timing synchronization between neurons. Strictly speaking, however, a peak merely indicates that the two spike trains were not independent. Two biologically plausible ways of departing from independence that are capable of generating peaks very similar to spike timing peaks are described here: covariations over trials in response latency and covariations over trials in neuronal excitability. Since peaks due to these interactions can be similar to spike timing peaks, interpreting a correlogram may be a problem with ambiguous solutions. What peak shapes do latency or excitability interactions generate? When are they similar to spike timing peaks? When can they be ruled out from having caused an observed correlogram peak? These are the questions addressed here. The previous article in this issue proposes quantitative methods to tell cases apart when latency or excitability covariations cannot be ruled out.

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31

Solé, Ricard, and Javier Macía. "Biocircuits in synchrony." Nature 508, no. 7496 (April 2014): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13224.

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32

Droit-Volet, Sylvie, and Joëlle Provasi. "Synchrony and Emotion." Timing & Time Perception 3, no. 1-2 (May 25, 2015): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002045.

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To anticipate other people’s behavioral intentions and respond to them at the right moment is crucial for efficient social interaction. In the present study, we thus investigated how adults synchronize with emotional facial expressions. The participants had to synchronize their taps with a rhythmical sequence of faces and then continue tapping at the same rhythm without faces. Three inter-stimulus intervals (500, 700, and 900 ms) and six different facial expressions (disgust, neutrality, sadness, joy, anger, and fear) were tested. In the synchronization phase, no difference was observed between the different facial expressions, suggesting that the participants tap in synchrony with external rhythms in the presence of stimuli whatever their emotional characteristics. However, in the continuation phase, an emotion effect emerged, with the individual rhythms being faster for the facial expressions of fear and, to a lesser extent, anger than for the other facial expressions. The motor rhythms were also longer and more variable for the disgusted faces. These findings suggest that the internal clock mechanism underlying the timing of rhythms is accelerated in response to the high-arousal emotions of fear and anger.

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33

Braun, Judith, and Jacqueline Katz. "Swimming in synchrony." Geriatric Nursing 15, no. 3 (May 1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(09)90033-7.

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34

Stephenson, Sam E., and Stanley K. Brockman. "P-WAVE SYNCHRONY*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 111, no. 3 (December 15, 2006): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb53160.x.

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35

Adler, E. M. "Cycling in Synchrony." Science Signaling 1, no. 3 (January 22, 2008): ec25-ec25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.13ec25.

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36

Motter, Adilson E. "Spontaneous synchrony breaking." Nature Physics 6, no. 3 (March 2010): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1609.

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37

Bruno, Randy M. "Synchrony in sensation." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 21, no. 5 (October 2011): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.003.

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Reyna, Barbara A., and Rita H. Pickler. "Mother-Infant Synchrony." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 38, no. 4 (July 2009): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01044.x.

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Golomb, David. "Neuronal synchrony measures." Scholarpedia 2, no. 1 (2007): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1347.

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Singer, Wolf. "Binding by synchrony." Scholarpedia 2, no. 12 (2007): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1657.

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Puonti, Anne. "Searching for synchrony." Public Management Review 6, no. 1 (March 2004): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719030410001675731.

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Ashworth, Cheryl J. "Synchrony embryo-uterus." Animal Reproduction Science 28, no. 1-4 (July 1992): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(92)90112-q.

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Varga S., Katalin, and Katalin Varga. "Visual imaginative synchrony." Contemporary Hypnosis 26, no. 3 (September 2009): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ch.381.

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Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Susan Eggly, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Louis Penner. "Comparing nonconscious nonverbal synchrony in racially concordant and racially discordant oncology interactions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.169.

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169 Background: Communication in racially discordant (Black patient, non-Black physician) oncology interactions, which constitute about 80% of Black patients’ interactions, is generally poorer than in racially concordant interactions, and likely contributes to treatment disparities. However, the nonverbal behaviors that contribute to this problem are largely unknown. We examined nonverbal synchrony, or the nonconscious coordination of movement, which can reflect relationship quality. We hypothesized that racially discordant interactions will have lower levels of nonverbal synchrony. Methods: Data include video recordings of 68 Black patients and 163 White patients discussing treatment with their non-Black oncologists. Recordings were submitted to motion detection software to measure nonverbal synchrony. This software measures global synchrony (all correlated motion), peak synchrony (all positively correlated motion), who is leading the interaction (similar to who is leading in ballroom dancing), and how much synchrony occurs based on who is leading the interaction. Using multi-level models, we investigated whether nonverbal synchrony differed in racially concordant and racially discordant dyads. Results: Findings showed greater levels of global synchrony (p < .05) and greater peak synchrony (p < .05) in racially discordant interactions compared to racially concordant interactions. Global synchrony was the same in racially concordant interactions regardless of who was leading, but greater global synchrony occurred in racially discordant interactions when the patient was leading (p < .05). Conclusions: This is the first study to use a dynamic jointly determined measure of behavior to assess oncology interactions. Contrary to our hypothesis, nonverbal synchrony was greater in racially discordant interactions than in racially concordant interactions. Patients are driving more of the synchrony in racially discordant interactions. This may suggest that patients in racially discordant interactions adapt to their physicians to bridge racial differences. Findings could contribute to physician training to enhance coordination and outcomes in oncology interactions.

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Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Susan Eggly, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Louis Penner. "Comparing nonverbal synchrony in racially concordant and racially discordant oncology interactions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 11525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11525.

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11525 Background: Communication in racially discordant (Black patient, non-Black physician) oncology interactions, which constitute about 80% of Black patients’ interactions, is generally poorer than in racially concordant interactions, and likely contributes to treatment disparities. However, the nonverbal behaviors that contribute to this problem are largely unknown. We examined nonverbal synchrony, or the nonconscious coordination of movement, which can reflect relationship quality. We hypothesized that racially discordant interactions will have lower levels of nonverbal synchrony. Methods: Data include video recordings of 68 Black patients and 163 White patients discussing treatment with their non-Black oncologists. Recordings were submitted to motion detection software to measure nonverbal synchrony. This software measures global synchrony (all correlated motion), peak synchrony (all positively correlated motion), who is leading the interaction (similar to who is leading in ballroom dancing), and how much synchrony occurs based on who is leading the interaction. Using multi-level models, we investigated whether nonverbal synchrony differed in racially concordant and racially discordant dyads. Results: Findings showed greater levels of global synchrony (p < .05) and greater peak synchrony (p < .05) in racially discordant interactions compared to racially concordant interactions. Global synchrony was the same in racially concordant interactions regardless of who was leading, but greater global synchrony occurred in racially discordant interactions when the patient was leading (p < .05). Conclusions: This is the first study to use a dynamic jointly determined measure of behavior to assess oncology interactions. Contrary to our hypothesis, nonverbal synchrony was greater in racially discordant interactions than in racially concordant interactions. It appears patients are driving more of the synchrony in racially discordant interactions. This may suggest that patients in racially discordant interactions adapt to their physicians to bridge racial differences. Findings could contribute to physician training to enhance coordination and outcomes in oncology interactions.

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Weeks, Peter. "Synchrony lost, synchrony regained: The achievement of musical co-ordination." Human Studies 19, no. 2 (April 1996): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00131494.

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Olin, AB, NS Banas, PJ Wright, MR Heath, and RG Nager. "Spatial synchrony of breeding success in the blacklegged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla reflects the spatial dynamics of its sandeel prey." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13252.

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Synchrony in demographic rates between spatially disjunct populations is a widespread phenomenon, although the underlying mechanisms are often not known. This synchrony and its spatial patterns can have important consequences for the long-term persistence of metapopulations and can also be used to infer drivers of population dynamics. Here, we examined spatial patterns of synchrony in the breeding success of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in the UK, using an extensive dataset on kittiwake breeding success and 2 different ways of measuring synchrony: one reflecting synchrony in inter-annual fluctuations only (rdiff) and one reflecting synchrony in both inter-annual fluctuations and long-term trends (r). We found that between-colony synchrony in breeding success decreased with distance up to just over 200 km but that some colony pairs showed stronger or weaker synchrony than expected based on distance. This was also reflected in the configuration of spatially coherent clusters of kittiwake colonies with synchronous breeding success. Further, we compared the support for different drivers of these spatial patterns, including trophic interactions and weather conditions. We found that the spatial dynamics of the kittiwakes’ main prey in this region, the lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus, appeared to play some role in generating synchrony in long-term patterns, but their role in generating synchrony in inter-annual fluctuations was less clear. The study shows that examining spatial patterns in synchrony can provide useful information for inferring potential drivers and the spatial scale over which they are acting.

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Neltner, L., D. Hansel, G. Mato, and C. Meunier. "Synchrony in Heterogeneous Networks of Spiking Neurons." Neural Computation 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1607–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015286.

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The emergence of synchrony in the activity of large, heterogeneous networks of spiking neurons is investigated. We define the robustness of synchrony by the critical disorder at which the asynchronous state becomes linearly unstable. We show that at low firing rates, synchrony is more robust in excitatory networks than in inhibitory networks, but excitatory networks cannot display any synchrony when the average firing rate becomes too high. We introduce a new regime where all inputs, external and internal, are strong and have opposite effects that cancel each other when averaged. In this regime, the robustness of synchrony is strongly enhanced, and robust synchrony can be achieved at a high firing rate in inhibitory networks. On the other hand, in excitatory networks, synchrony remains limited in frequency due to the intrinsic instability of strong recurrent excitation.

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Murthy, Venkatesh N., and Eberhard E. Fetz. "Effects of Input Synchrony on the Firing Rate of a Three-Conductance Cortical Neuron Model." Neural Computation 6, no. 6 (November 1994): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1994.6.6.1111.

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For a model cortical neuron with three active conductances, we studied the dependence of the firing rate on the degree of synchrony in its synaptic inputs. The effect of synchrony was determined as a function of three parameters: number of inputs, average input frequency, and the synaptic strength (maximal unitary conductance change). Synchrony alone could increase the cell's firing rate when the product of these three parameters was below a critical value. But for higher values of the three parameters, synchrony could reduce firing rate. Instantaneous responses to time-varying input firing rates were close to predictions from steady-state responses when input synchrony was high, but fell below steady-state responses when input synchrony was low. Effectiveness of synaptic transmission, measured by the peak area of cross-correlations between input and output spikes, increased with increasing synchrony.

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DePasquale, Carrie E. "A systematic review of caregiver–child physiological synchrony across systems: Associations with behavior and child functioning." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 5 (December 2020): 1754–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001236.

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AbstractExtensive research has established a positive association between caregiver-child behavioral synchrony and child developmental functioning. Burgeoning research examining physiological synchrony has yet to elucidate its impact for children’s developing self-regulation. The objectives of this systematic review were to: 1) determine whether there is evidence that caregiver-child physiological synchrony promotes positive child development, 2) examine developmental differences in physiological synchrony and its correlates, and 3) explore whether context, risk, and/or stress influence patterns of synchrony. Sixty-nine studies met the following criteria on PubMed and PsycINFO: 1) peer-reviewed empirical articles in English that 2) examine autonomic, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical, and/or central nervous system activity 3) for caregivers and children 4) in response to a task and 5) directly examine the association between caregiver and child physiology. Findings varied based on developmental period and current behavioral context. Functional differences may exist across physiological systems and contexts. Synchrony may have different developmental consequences for dyads with and without certain risk factors. Few studies examine physiological synchrony across multiple systems or contexts, nor do they measure child characteristics associated with synchrony. Statistical and methodological challenges impede interpretation. Findings generally support the idea that physiological synchrony may support children’s developing self-regulation. Longitudinal research is needed to examine child developmental outcomes over time.

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