Academic literature on the topic 'Synchrony Hypothesis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Synchrony Hypothesis"
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von Schantz, Torbjörn, Debora Arlt, Staffan Bensch, Dennis Hasselquist, and Bengt Hansson. "Breeding synchrony does not affect extra-pair paternity in great reed warblers." Behaviour 141, no. 7 (2004): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042265699.
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AbstractBreeding synchrony is hypothesised to influence the occurrence and frequency of extra-pair fertilisations (EPFs) in birds irrespective of the social mating system. The two proposed hypotheses make opposite predictions. (1) Synchronous breeding leads to a lower frequency of EPFs because males face a trade-off between mate guarding and obtaining additional matings via extra-pair copulations (EPCs) ('guarding constraint' hypothesis). (2) Synchronous breeding promotes EPFs because females are able to compare displaying males simultaneously, which provides them with more reliable cues for extra-pair mate choice ('mate assessment' hypothesis). In a study of great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) from 1987-1998, annual breeding was asynchronous and the frequency of EPFs was rather low (extra-pair young occurring in 6.4% of the broods). Within this population, however, there was no relationship between the frequency of EPFs and breeding synchrony, thus not favouring any of the two hypotheses. Contrary to assumptions of the hypotheses, mate guarding did not seem to constrain males from engaging in EPCs (disfavouring the 'guarding constraint' hypothesis), and females seem to have repeated opportunities to compare males irrespective of breeding synchrony (disfavouring the 'mate assessment' hypothesis). Our results suggest that breeding synchrony is not an important factor influencing patterns of EPFs in great reed warblers. The low frequency of EPFs may instead be explained by the socially polygynous mating system, where females are less constrained in their choice of a social male.
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Koenig, Walter D., Johannes M. H. Knops, William J. Carmen, and Ian S. Pearse. "What drives masting? The phenological synchrony hypothesis." Ecology 96, no. 1 (January 2015): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0819.1.
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Krebs, Charles J., Alice J. Kenney, Scott Gilbert, Kjell Danell, Anders Angerbjörn, Sam Erlinge, Robert G. Bromley, Chris Shank, and Suzanne Carriere. "Synchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-120.
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Population fluctuations may occur in synchrony among several rodent species at a given site, and they may occur in synchrony over large geographical areas. We summarize information on synchrony in lemmings and voles from the Canadian Arctic for the past 20 years. The most detailed available information is from the central Canadian Arctic, where snap-trap samples have been taken annually at several sites for periods of up to 15 years. Geographical synchrony in the same species among different sites was strong, especially for the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. Synchrony among different species at a given site was also generally high. When one species is at high density, densities of all species at that site tend to be high. These results do not easily fit the mobile-predator hypothesis proposed to explain regional synchrony, and are more consistent with the weather hypothesis, which we suggest both entrains synchrony among sites and enforces synchrony among species within a site. We tentatively support the weather hypothesis for geographical synchrony in lemmings, and recommend the establishment of a circumpolar program to monitor lemming cycles and predator movements that would advance our understanding of these large-scale patterns of cyclic synchrony.
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Castelhano, João, Inês Bernardino, José Rebola, Eugenio Rodriguez, and Miguel Castelo-Branco. "Oscillations or Synchrony? Disruption of Neural Synchrony despite Enhanced Gamma Oscillations in a Model of Disrupted Perceptual Coherence." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 12 (December 2015): 2416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00863.
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It has been hypothesized that neural synchrony underlies perceptual coherence. The hypothesis of loss of central perceptual coherence has been proposed to be at the origin of abnormal cognition in autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder linked with autism, and a clearcut model for impaired central coherence. We took advantage of this model of impaired holistic processing to test the hypothesis that loss of neural synchrony plays a separable role in visual integration using EEG and a set of experimental tasks requiring coherent integration of local elements leading to 3-D face perception. A profound reorganization of brain activity was identified. Neural synchrony was reduced across stimulus conditions, and this was associated with increased amplitude modulation at 25–45 Hz. This combination of a dramatic loss of synchrony despite increased oscillatory activity is strong evidence that synchrony underlies central coherence. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that dissociation between amplitude and synchrony is reported in a human model of impaired perceptual coherence, suggesting that loss of phase coherence is more directly related to disruption of holistic perception.
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Domingues, W. M., L. M. Bini, and A. A. Agostinho. "Spatial synchrony of a highly endemic fish Assemblage (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 3 (August 2005): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000300009.
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In this study, patterns of spatial synchrony in population fluctuations (cross-correlation) of an endemic fish assemblage of a Neotropical reservoir (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil) were reported. First, the level of population synchrony for 20 species was estimated. Second, population synchrony was correlated, using the Mantel test, with geographical distances among sites (n = 11) and also environmental synchrony (temperature). Nine species presented significant correlations between spatial synchrony and geographic distances (Astyanax sp. b, Astyanax sp. c, Pimelodus sp., Hoplias malabaricus, Crenicichla iguassuensis, Hypostomus derbyi, Hypostomus myersi, Rhamdia branneri, and R. voulezi). Considering the ecology of the species and the significant relationship between population and environmental synchronies, it seems that environmental stochasticity is the most plausible hypothesis in explaining the observed synchrony patterns.
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Costa, Gabriel Nascimento, João Valente Duarte, Ricardo Martins, Michael Wibral, and Miguel Castelo-Branco. "Interhemispheric Binding of Ambiguous Visual Motion Is Associated with Changes in Beta Oscillatory Activity but Not with Gamma Range Synchrony." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 11 (November 2017): 1829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01158.
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In vision, perceptual features are processed in several regions distributed across the brain. Yet, the brain achieves a coherent perception of visual scenes and objects through integration of these features, which are encoded in spatially segregated brain areas. How the brain seamlessly achieves this accurate integration is currently unknown and is referred to as the “binding problem.” Among the proposed mechanisms meant to resolve the binding problem, the binding-by-synchrony hypothesis proposes that binding is carried out by the synchronization of distant neuronal assemblies. This study aimed at providing a critical test to the binding-by-synchrony hypothesis by evaluating long-range connectivity using EEG during a motion integration visual task that entails binding across hemispheres. Our results show that large-scale perceptual binding is not associated with long-range interhemispheric gamma synchrony. However, distinct perceptual interpretations were found to correlate with changes in beta power. Increased beta activity was observed during binding under ambiguous conditions and originates mainly from parietal regions. These findings reveal that the visual experience of binding can be identified by distinct signatures of oscillatory activity, regardless of long-range gamma synchrony, suggesting that such type of synchrony does not underlie perceptual binding.
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Swindale, Nicholas V. "Neural Synchrony, Axonal Path Lengths, and General Anesthesia: A Hypothesis." Neuroscientist 9, no. 6 (December 2003): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858403259258.
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Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio, Paul J. Johnson, and David W. MacDonald. "A Hypothesis for Breeding Synchrony in Ethiopian Wolves (Canis simensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 79, no. 3 (August 1998): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1383093.
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Schenkeveld, L. E., and R. C. Ydenberg. "Synchronous diving by surf scoter flocks." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 2516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-372.
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We studied the diving and surfacing synchrony of foraging flocks of wintering surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). Our data support the hypothesis that synchronous diving is an adaptation that reduces kleptoparasitism by glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens), which frequently attend foraging flocks. We developed a statistical method for measuring and comparing synchrony between flocks, and applied it to videotape records of 30 flocks. The results show that diving and surfacing are highly synchronous, and that there is a large variation between flocks in the degree of synchrony exhibited. The most pronounced effect is for surfacing synchrony to be higher in the presence of gulls. This seems to arise because individual birds curtail their dives so that less synchrony is lost between diving and surfacing during a group dive. This curtailment of dive length may lead to a reduction in the average size of prey captured.
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Ellis, Lisa A., John D. Styrsky, Robert C. Dobbs, and Charles F. Thompson. "Female Condition: A Predictor of Hatching Synchrony in the House Wren?" Condor 103, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.3.587.
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Abstract The degree of hatching synchrony in clutches of passerine birds frequently varies among species and among individuals of the same species. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why some eggs hatch several days after others in a clutch. We tested one of these hypotheses, the energetic-constraints hypothesis, which proposes that females in poor physical condition postpone initiating incubation and hatch their clutches synchronously, whereas females in good condition begin incubation early and hatch their clutches asynchronously. We tested the hypothesis using the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) because recent studies have found little difference in productivity between synchronously and asynchronously hatching clutches in this species, suggesting that the degree of hatching synchrony varies for reasons unrelated to nestling growth and survival. We used logistic regression to test the dependence of the degree of hatching synchrony on each of two measures of female condition. We found no relationship between female condition and degree of hatching synchrony. These results and two other lines of evidence are inconsistent with the energetic-constraints hypothesis as an explanation for variation in degree of hatching synchrony in this House Wren population. ¿Predice la Condición de las Hembras la Sincronía de Eclosión en Troglodytes aedon? Resumen. Con frecuencia, el grado de sincronía en la eclosión de nidadas de aves paserinas varía entre especies y entre individuos de la misma especie. Se han propuesto muchas hipótesis para explicar por qué algunos huevos eclosionan varios días después que otros en una misma nidada. Pusimos a prueba una de esas hipótesis, la de las limitaciones energéticas, que propone que hembras en mala condición física postponen el inicio de la incubación y sus nidadas eclosionan sincrónicamente, mientras que aquellas en buena condición inician la incubación temprano y sus nidadas eclosionan asincrónicamente. Pusimos a prueba la hipótesis usando a Troglodytes aedon, pues estudios recientes en esta especie han encontrado pocas diferencias en productividad entre nidadas de eclosión sincrónica y asincrónica, lo que sugiere que el grado de sincronía en la eclosión varía por motivos no relacionados con el crecimiento y supervivencia de los pichones. Utilizamos regresión logística para evaluar el grado de dependencia de la sincronía de eclosión en dos medidas de condición física de las hembras. No encontramos ninguna relación entre la condición de las hembras y el grado de sincronía en la eclosión. Estos resultados y otras dos líneas de evidencia son inconsistentes con la hipótesis de las limitaciones energéticas como una explicación para la variación en el grado de sincronía de eclosión en esta población de T. aedon.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synchrony Hypothesis"
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Teitelbaum, Aryeh Roberto, and a_hay@jct ac il. "Arts'Codes: A New Methodology for the Development of Real-Time Embedded Applications for Control Systems." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20071219.094115.
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Embedded real-time applications have to allow interaction between the control computer and the controlled environment. Controlling the environment requires in particular to take into account its time constraints and critical logical conditions. One of the main programmer efforts in real-time application's development is to trace the incoming events, and to perform reactions based on the current system status, according to the application requirements. All this have to be handled, although external events may come in the middle of a critical reaction, which may disturb it. This problem involves two difficulties: X The cognitive efforts to percept the problem, and consequently to express the solution. X The correct translation of this solution to code. Two requirements were defined in this research in order to achieve high-quality performance: clearness and robustness, clearness in the design, and robustness in the execution. In this work the author proposes a methodology and a tool for real-time application's development that uses or implies an innovated form of design based on natural-cognitive researches. This design method has clear compilation's rules to produce an Object-Oriented light-code, suitable for embedded platforms. These compilation's rules introduce to the code implicit security and synchronization's elements, to support robust execution. In this methodology, clear development phases were defined, using a high-degree of reuse and even polymorphism, which were emphasized in the research. Several existing ideas were improved/adapted and synthesized together with the author's innovation, creating the Arts'Codes method for real-time application development. The work includes cognitive evaluations, assuring the natural skills of the design. Arts'Codes method proposes a natural VPL (Visual Programming Language) for real-time applications, based on hierarchic components. This VPL is built on a minimum of diagrams: one for the static architecture and one for the dynamic behaviour, with a similar restricted notation at all levels. These two diagrams (static architecture and dynamic behaviour) are interleaved in a unified view. This method was implemented by building a suitable graphic editor, which automatically compiles the applications diagrams in a light and robust Object-Oriented code (based on Parallel Automata FSM), and by building an execution compact software platform. Furthermore, the parallel automata FSM are translated automatically in PTL temporal formula defining the goals and the behaviours of the components, permitting to prove a-priory that the components behaviours are consistent to their goals. The execution platform is based on a restricted implementation of the synchrony hypothesis and on a powerful model of execution: the parallel automata FSM. These Parallel Automata describe the dynamic behaviours of the components and allows implementing run-time exceptions handling too. In addition, the research proposes a tri-processor execution hardware platform, which supports a hybrid synchronous/multi-threading execution. This method will contribute to versatile, clear and robust real-time application's development.
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Vatka, E. (Emma). "Boreal populations facing climatic and habitat changes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203607.
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Abstract Anthropogenic climate change and habitat loss and deterioration affect populations worldwide. Climate warming has changed phenologies of many species across trophic levels. Some predator populations now experience temporal mismatches with their prey, as timings of peak prey abundance and of the predator’s highest food demands no longer meet. The temporal mismatch hypothesis suggests that the population’s recruitment rate is related to its degree of synchrony with the food resources needed to feed offspring. However, species’ and populations’ responses to climate warming differ. Human land use alters and destroys habitats of countless species. For example, many boreal forest bird populations have declined, presumably due to intensive forestry. It has decreased the amount of dead wood, causing a threat to saproxylic species. Identification of the key characteristics of high-quality habitats is essential for conservation planning and for developing sustainable forestry. As individuals are suspected to settle in habitats that maximize their fitness, analysis of nest site selection can be used to identify the key habitats. My dissertation concerns the impacts of climate change and habitat deterioration on boreal populations. I use hole-nesting passerines as model species. By utilizing long-term data I show that breeding phenologies of Parus major and Poecile montanus, but not of Cyanistes caeruleus, have shifted earlier. Also, the timing of the food peak has advanced, improving the synchrony between P. montanus and caterpillars. In P. major and C. caeruleus, synchrony has remained good. However, the positive effect of good synchrony on breeding success seems to be conditional, arising only in certain circumstances, such as in years of high caterpillar abundance. I suggest that in boreal populations temperature affects timing of breeding mostly as a proximate factor. The availability of standing decaying trees used for nesting sites was the most important habitat characteristic determining the nest site selection of P. montanus. Remote sensing data alone was insufficient to produce reliable models, as the ecologically important small-scale factor can only be determined by direct field surveys. Omission of forest thinning in selected forest sites would ensure the continuous availability of decaying wood with positive influence on biodiversity in managed forestsTiivistelmä Ihmisen aiheuttama habitaattien katoaminen ja huononeminen sekä ilmastonmuutos vaikuttavat populaatioihin kaikkialla maailmassa. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on muuttanut monien lajien fenologioita eri trofiatasoilla. Osalla saalistajalajien populaatioista suurin ravinnontarve ei enää ajoitu samaan aikaan saaliin runsaushuipun kanssa. Ajoituksen eriaikaisuus -hypoteesin mukaan todennäköisyys populaatioon rekrytoitumiselle riippuu synkronian asteesta saaliin kanssa. Ilmaston lämpenemisen vaikutuksissa lajeihin ja populaatioihin on kuitenkin vaihtelua. Ihmisen maankäyttö muuttaa ja tuhoaa lukuisien lajien elinympäristöjä. Esimerkiksi useiden boreaalisten metsien lintupopulaatioiden pienentymistä on selitetty intensiivisellä metsätaloudella. Lahopuun määrä metsissä on vähentynyt, mikä on uhka lahopuusta riippuvaisille lajeille. Korkealaatuisten habitaattien keskeisten piirteiden tunnistaminen on tärkeää luonnonsuojelun ja kestävän metsätalouden suunnittelulle. Koska yksilöiden oletetaan valitsevan niiden kelpoisuutta maksimoivia elinympäristöjä, pesäpaikanvalinta-analyysiä voidaan käyttää tärkeiden habitaattipiirteiden tunnistamiseen. Tarkastelen väitöskirjassani ilmastonmuutoksen ja habitaattien laadun vaikutuksia boreaalisiin populaatioihin. Mallilajeina käytän koloissa pesiviä varpuslintuja. Hyödyntämällä pitkäaikaisaineistoja osoitan, että lisääntymisen ajoittuminen on aikaistunut tali- ja hömötiaisella, mutta ei sinitiaisella. Myös ravintohuippu on aikaistunut, mikä on parantanut synkroniaa hömötiaisen ja sen pääasiallisen ravinnon eli toukkien välillä. Tali- ja sinitiaisella synkronia on pysynyt hyvänä. Hyvän synkronian myönteinen vaikutus lisääntymismenestykseen vaikuttaa kuitenkin ehdolliselta: se tulee esiin vain tietyissä olosuhteissa, kuten vuosina jolloin toukkia on runsaasti. Kevään lämpötilat näyttävät vaikuttavan pesinnän ajoittumiseen erityisesti proksimaattisena tekijänä. Pesäpaikkoina toimivien seisovien lahopuiden määrä on tärkein hömötiaisen pesäpaikanvalintaa määräävä tekijä. Kaukokartoitusaineisto yksinään ei riitä luotettavien mallien tuottamiseen, sillä ekologisesti tärkeät pienen skaalan tekijät voidaan kartoittaa vain suorin maastomittauksin. Metsien harventamatta jättäminen valituilla laikuilla turvaisi lahopuun jatkuvan saatavuuden, mikä vaikuttaisi myönteisesti talousmetsien biodiversiteettiin
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Beer, Leilani. "The role of the priests in Israelite identity formation in the exilic/post-exilic period with special reference to Leviticus 19:1-19a." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27842.
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Bibliography: leaves 289-298Source-criticism of the Pentateuch suggests that the priests (Source P) alone authored the Holiness Code – the premise being that Source P forms one religious, literate and elite group of several. Through the endeavor to redefine Israelite identity during the Neo-Babylonian Empire of 626–539 BCE and the Achaemenid Persian Empire of 550–330 BCE, various ideologies of Israelite identity were produced by various religious, literate and elite groups. Possibly, the Holiness Code functions as the compromise reached between two such groups, these being: the Shaphanites, and the Zadokites. Moreover, the Holiness Code functions as the basis for the agreed identity of Israel as seen by the Shaphanites and the Zadokites. Specifically, in Leviticus 19:1-19a – as being the Levitical decalogue of the Holiness Code, and which forms the emphasis of this thesis – both Shaphanite and Zadokite ideologies are expressed therein. The Shaphanite ideology is expressed through the Mosaic tradition: i.e., through the Law; and the Zadokite ideology is expressed through the Aaronide tradition: i.e., through the Cult. In the debate between the supremacy of the Law, or the Cult – i.e., Moses or Aaron – the ancient Near Eastern convention of the ‘rivalry between brothers’ is masterfully negotiated in Leviticus 19:1-19a.
Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies
D. Phil. (Old Testament)
Books on the topic "Synchrony Hypothesis"
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The composition of the sayings source: Genre, synchrony, and wisdom redaction in Q. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
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Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. The Conceptual Framework: Growth, Institutions, and Social Orders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0002.
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This chapter lays out one part of the theoretical framework of the book, drawn from institutional economics. This literature maintains that institutions are the main determinant of long-term growth, and that to remain ‘appropriate’ institutions must evolve in synchrony with an economy’s progress through the stages of its development. Their evolution depends on a society’s openness to political creative destruction. Limited-access social orders tend to constrain it, to safeguard elites’ rents, and typically undermine progressive institutional reforms, breaking that synchrony. The transition from that social order to the open-access one is an endogenous and reversible process, in which inefficient institutions, which allow elites to extract rents, coexist with appropriate ones, which constrain their power and make it contestable. The hypothesis is advanced that Italy has not yet completed this transition, and that the tension between its efficient and inefficient institutions can endogenously generate shocks, which open opportunities for equilibrium shifts.
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Wilsey, Brian J. Trophic Cascades in Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0005.
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Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.
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Hu, Xuhui. The syntax and semantics of Chinese resultatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates the syntactic derivation of Chinese resultatives. While in English resultatives the [uDiv] feature is valued with the mechanism of feature sharing, in Chinese resultatives it is valued by a verbal C-functor, by nature equivalent to en in flatten. The Chinese V–V resultative compound is a single de-adjectival verb: the first verb is a verbal C-functor and the second one is an adjective. The V–V resultative construction is therefore analyzed as a causative construction involving a de-adjectival verb. This single hypothesis provides a unified account of the seemingly mysterious properties of Chinese resultatives as well as the differences from English resultatives. This account is based on a general hypothesis of Synchronic Grammaticalization: in an analytical language like Chinese where there is only a very limited array of functional items, lexical items are selected to serve as functional items to meet the universal requirement of feature valuation.
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Hu, Xuhui. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0008.
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This chapter summarizes the major points developed throughout the book. The theoretical points of the syntax of events proposed in Chapter 2 are listed. The conclusions on the syntax of English and Chinese resultatives, applicative constructions in various languages, and Chinese non-canonical object and motion event constructions are presented, together with the implications for the verb/satellite-framed typology. The explanation of diachronic change and cross-linguistic variation is summarized, including both the historical development of Chinese resultatives, the variation of resultatives between Chinese and English on the one hand, and English and Romance on the other hand. The Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis is also summarized.
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Hu, Xuhui. Non-canonical objects, motion events, and verb/satellite-framed typology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0007.
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Based on the Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis and the theory of the syntax of events, this chapter explores the syntactic nature of the Chinese non-canonical object construction. The object in this construction is introduced by a null P, which is incorporated into the verbal head position, and a lexical verb serves as a functional item, vDO. This account is extended to the analysis of the motion event construction in Chinese. It involves the incorporation of a P into the verbal head position filled with a vDO in the form of a lexical verb. The only difference is that this P is phonologically overt. Therefore, the [V+Path] chunk in Chinese is a single lexical item. This means that the Chinese motion event construction by nature patterns with its counterpart in verb-framed languages, a conclusion that goes against the common assumption that Chinese is a satellite-framed language.
Book chapters on the topic "Synchrony Hypothesis"
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Blake, Jamilia J., Danielle M. Smith, Miner P. Marchbanks, Allison L. Seibert, Steve M. Wood, and Eun Sook Kim. "Does Student–Teacher Racial/Ethnic Match Impact Black Students’ Discipline Risk? A Test of the Cultural Synchrony Hypothesis." In Inequality in School Discipline, 79–98. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51257-4_5.
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Quatieri, Thomas F., and James R. Williamson. "Multimodal Biomarkers to Discriminate Cognitive State." In The Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234737.003.0021.
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Multimodal biomarkers based on behavioral, neurophysiological, and cognitive measurements have recently increased in popularity for the detection of cognitive stress and neurologically based disorders. Such conditions significantly and adversely affect human performance and quality of life in a large fraction of the world’s population. Example modalities used in detection of these conditions include speech, facial expression, physiology, eye tracking, gait, and electroencephalography (EEG). Toward the goal of finding simple, noninvasive means to detect, predict, and monitor cognitive stress and neurological conditions, MIT Lincoln Laboratory is developing biomarkers that satisfy three criteria. First, we seek biomarkers that reflect core components of cognitive status, such as working memory capacity, processing speed, attention, and arousal. Second, and as importantly, we seek biomarkers that reflect timing and coordination relations both within components of each modality and across different modalities. This is based on the hypothesis that neural coordination across different parts of the brain is essential in cognition. An example of timing and coordination within a modality is the set of finely timed and synchronized physiological components of speech production, whereas an example of coordination across modalities is the timing and synchrony that occur between speech and facial expression during speaking. Third, we seek multimodal biomarkers that contribute in a complementary fashion under various channel and background conditions. In this chapter, as an illustration of the biomarker approach, we focus on cognitive stress and the particular case of detecting different cognitive load levels. We also briefly show how similar feature-extraction principles can be applied to a neurological condition through the example of major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is one of several neuropsychiatric disorders where multimodal biomarkers based on principles of timing and coordination are important for detection (Cummins et al., 2015; Helfer et al., 2014; Quatieri & Malyska, 2012; Trevino, Quatieri, & Malyska, 2011; Williamson, Quatieri, Helfer, Ciccarelli, & Mehta, 2014; Williamson et al., 2013, 2015; Yu, Quatieri, Williamson, & Mundt, 2014).
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Monforte, Sergio. "Diachronical hypotheses accounting for synchronic variation: the case of the Basque particle ote." In Fontes Linguae Vasconum 50 urte. Ekarpen berriak euskararen ikerketari / Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de la lengua, 437–51. Gobierno de Navarra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/fontes50urte.28.
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Smith, Hiram L. "Addressing questions of grammaticalization in creoles." In Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective, 372–93. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795841.003.0018.
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Claims about grammaticalization in creole languages are often made without applying empirical tests. For Palenquero Creole, the habitual morpheme asé bears formal resemblance to Spanish hacer ‘do’, providing easy fodder for provenance theorists. While the origins of asé have been debated for decades, we have no studies. In the present study, claims made by scholars were converted into testable hypotheses which make specific synchronic predications regarding asé’s functions and distributions relative to attested cross-linguistic trends in the development of tense and aspect expressions. Rigorous tests or ‘grammaticalization indices’ were then applied in order to determine asé’s degree of conformity. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that asé is walking a tightrope of being an emerging yet advancing grammatical morpheme, although not obligatory. I stress that it was only through the application of accountable data mining and analytical procedures that we could build a solid case for grammaticalization of asé habitual.
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Giourgas, Thomas. "Well-being, Education and Unity of the Soul in Plato." In Proceedings of the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy, 119–26. Philosophy Documentation Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp232018221294.
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Is Socrates in the Protagoras a sincere hedonist? The decipherment of the latter question is fundamental to the unraveling of key aspects of Plato’s ethical thought. It has been suggested that Socrates in the Protagoras finds hedonism philosophically attractive for it functions as a necessary anti-akrasia premise and, therefore, it fits his moral psychology. At the same time quantitative hedonism provides for commensurability of moral value and, in turn, for a more straightforward, quantifiable, and action-guiding Platonic ethical theory. Although initially appealing, the latter hypothesis is deeply problematic. On the one hand, hedonism is not a necessary theoretical tool either for commensurability of value or for a quantifiable eudemonistic ethical theory. On the other hand a hedonistic interpretation of the Protagoras would result in a plethora of blatant anomalies for Platonic ethical theory as it is exhibited in the early and middle period dialogues. In particular, the endorsement of quantitative hedonism comes tied with an apotheosis of sophistic education and also with a purely instrumental conception of virtue which contradicts cardinal components of Socrates’ and Plato’s virtue theory. Therefore, a prohedonistic approach of the Protagoras is untenable and has to be rejected. As a result, a sufficiently plausible defense of the Socratic doctrine “no one does wrong willingly” needs to be constructed on non-hedonistic grounds. My suggestion is that we should recast Plato’s treatment of akrasia in terms of two –commonly defended by early Plato- descriptive theses of human psychology; that is, psychological eudemonism and motivational intellectualism. This move will lead us to the conclusion that the traditional conceptualization of akrasia as a single and unified phenomenon is incomplete as it does not pay justice to the richness of Plato’s moral psychology. Rather, as I will maintain, there are two types of akrasia implicit in Plato’s treatment of the phenomenon: synchronic akrasia and diachronic akrasia. On this revisionary theoretical basis, the differences between early Plato and later Plato on akrasia can be understood as variations in the adherence or not to psychological eudemonism and motivational intellectualism.
Conference papers on the topic "Synchrony Hypothesis"
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Sander, I., and A. Jantsch. "Formal system design based on the synchrony hypothesis, functional models, and skeletons." In Proceedings Twelfth International Conference on VLSI Design. (Cat. No.PR00013). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvd.1999.745170.
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