Journal articles: 'Synanthropy'

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Ivanova, Natalya Vyacheslavovna. "Synanthropic plants as indicators of the ecological state of city of Samara." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20161106.

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This article focuses on the analysis of synanthropic flora of Samara. It surveys the history of the research of the flora of the city of Samara, and states that it is possible to base the estimation of the ecological condition of the city of Samara on the process and degree of synanthropy. When studying urbanoflorae different authors define the concept of synanthropic flora differently. O.P. Vinkovskaya, E.P. Gnatyuk, and G.S. Antipina, K.V. Kachkin, I.G. Sokolova, T.V. Astakhova, T.A.Terekhina dealt with issues of terminology. The author believes that the synantropic flora consists of adventitious cultivated plants, adventitious ruderal weeds and apofyte types. In the conditions of the increasing anthropogenous change the process of synanthropization of the vegetable cover becomesquite urgent. The article describes the structure of the synanthropic fraction of the urban flora of Samara. The author notes that in the synanthropic fraction the share of monocotyledonous plants has considerably decreased, and that the adventitious species prevail, the flora being made up by forest-steppe boreal, nemoral and multizone plants. In the analysis of the synanthropic component of the flora such indicators as the flora synanthropy index, the adventivity index, index of the apofyteness and the index of cultivation have been calculated. The author comes to the the conclusion that synanthropy causes reduction of the flora variety

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Jaźwa, Małgorzata, and Agata Stadnicka-Futoma. "The alien flora of the Rzeszów Foothills." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2015-0014.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the synanthropic flora of the Rzeszów Foothills (south-eastern Poland). Floristic studies were carried out in years 2007-2013 using the cartogram method in the ATPOL system (2×2 km square grid). Here we present the numerical data (number of species in each historical-geographical group, families most frequently represented by anthropophytes), show the proportion of specific growth forms and describe habitat preferences. The Rzeszów Foothills region had already been shown as strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressures. The total number of vascular plant species detected was equal to 1115; among them, the synanthropes represent about 30%. Also the index of synanthropy was calculated to confirm strong anthropogenic transformation of the studied area. In the presented study, 47 invasive plant species were discovered in the region. Moreover, the role and distribution of the most interesting and invasive of the synanthropic species was analyzed based on their negative impact on the native flora. We also identified plant species with high invasive potential and indicated causes of their appearance and spread.

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Kilochytska, N. P. "Synanthropy of bloodsucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) under conditions of kyiv." Vestnik Zoologii 46, no. 5 (November 9, 2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-012-0035-8.

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Synanthropy of Bloodsucking Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) under Conditions of Kyiv. Kilochitskaya N. P. - The 35 anthropophilic species are analyzed. The main tendancies of adaptations tending the transition of bloodsucking mosquito to synanthropic existence are considered. It is shown, that certain part of bloodsucking mosquitoes species inhabiting natural biocoenoses have been already adapted before the assimilation into the anthropogenic landscapes.

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Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Ronald Knight, and Leena Tamang. "Mechanical Transmission of Human Protozoan Parasites by Insects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.18.1.128-132.2005.

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SUMMARY The filthy breeding habits, feeding mechanisms, and indiscriminate travel between filth and food make some groups of synanthropic insects such as nonbiting flies and cockroaches efficient vectors of human enteric protozoan parasites. Twenty-one species of filth flies have been listed by regulatory agencies concerned with sanitation and public health as causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases based on synanthropy, endophily, communicative behavior, and strong attraction to filth and human food. Outbreaks and cases of food-borne diarrheal diseases in urban and rural areas are closely related to the seasonal increase in abundance of filth flies, and enforced fly control is closely related to reductions in the occurrence of such diseases. Mechanical transmission of human parasites by nonbiting flies and epidemiological involvement of other synanthropic insects in human food-borne diseases have not received adequate scientific attention.

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de Souza, C. R., and C. J. Von Zuben. "Synanthropy of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Entomology 45, no. 6 (June 9, 2016): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0411-0.

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Vega-Frutis, Rocío, and Ana M. Hanan-Alipi. "Relationship between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three species of weeds with different synanthropy index." Scientia Fungorum 51 (April 20, 2021): e1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1360.

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Background: Nutrient foraging strategies between thin and thick roots, including mycorrhizal symbionts are resource-costly, and therefore a trade-off could exist. These strategies can vary with the synanthropy index (degree to which a species associates with anthropogenic habitats), thus maximizing the benefits for the acquisition of soil resources. Objectives: To quantify the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Melampodium species with different synanthropy index, and to determine the correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the architectural and morphological root traits. Methods: Roots of Melampodium divaricatum, M. perfoliatum and M. tepicense, with highest to lowest synanthropy index, respectively were collected. The root branching rate (RBR), total root length (TRL), diameter of first-order root, (FOR), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were quantified. Additionally, soil chemistry analyses were done. Results and conclusion: Melampodium tepicense had lowest FOR, highest SRL and lowest arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, whereas M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had the opposite values. Additionally, M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had higher TRL, RTD, and RBR, suggesting that both strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza and fine roots, are used for acquisition of nutrients, independently of their phylogenetic relationship and soil nutrients.

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Opálková, Marie, and ˇárka Cimalová. "Analysis of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava." Casopis slezského zemského muzea (A) 60, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10210-011-0023-6.

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Analysis of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava This paper is a result of the field research of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava in the summer of 2010 (June - August) and in the spring of 2011 (April). A total of 213 reléves were carried out in three types of habitats (borders of fields, ruderal areas and railway tracks). The reléves were transferred to the ‘Turboveg’ database computer programme and analyzed using the Expert system of vegetation of the Czech Republic (the ‘Coctail’ method) in the ‘Juice’ computer programme. This paper contains the evaluation of the occurrence of plant species in particular habitats and of the types of their synanthropy with special regard to endangered and invasive species. A total of 201 species of vascular plants were found, among them 134 apophytes. A total of 4 endangered species and 8 invasive species were found. A total of 5 classes, 15 alliances and 25 associations were found using the analysis of vegetation in the ‘Juice’ computer programme. Only 5 associations occurred in all studied types of habitats. The most common association was Convolvulo arvensis-Elytrigietum repentis.

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Oksanen, Markku, and Timo Vuorisalo. "De-extinct species as wildlife." TRACE ∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies 3 (April 24, 2017): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23984/fjhas.59487.

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The concept of wildlife embodies two sources of controversy regarding de-extinct animals. First, the multifaceted dependence of these animals on humans; and second, the property rights to de-extinct animals. Both provide reasons for not counting them as wildlife. A subsequent question is, however, whether we should maintain this divide or allow the boundaries to blur. If we aim to maintain it, we end up trying to stop a process that is evolving rapidly and difficult to curb by legal means. If we relinquish these boundaries, we give up customary cultural models and related cultural practices. In biology, the divide between domestic and wild species is usually considered arbitrary and the degree of synanthropy (degree of association with humans) to present a continuum. Still, wildlife is normally defined through the notion of domestication: those animals that are not domesticated are wildlife. De-extinction turns the setting upside down: the de-extinct animals would normally be classified as domesticated, since they are generated by human action and could be owned as private property, but the problem is that they are not intended as domestic – de-extinct animals are ultimately created to be wildlife. Thus the concept of wildlife calls for refinement so as to allow their inclusion. We present a classification of animal species based both on their degree of synanthropy and the complex ownership issues. It appears that de-extinct species would probably initially represent species with a low synanthropy index but a high need for human care, but might later evolve into “real” wildlife in the strict sense of the term.

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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Synanthropy of dipterans collected in cattle feces in Brazil." Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2021.2.2.0040.

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Cattle feces accumulated in pastures and stables constitute an especially favorable microhabitat for the development of a rich and heterogeneous arthropod fauna. This study determined the species of Diptera of Medical, Veterinary and Agricultural importance present in forest, rural and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, state Minas Gerais Southeast region, Brazil in the period from March to November 2006. The dipterans pupae were individually placed in glass jars until the emergence of the dipterans. A total of 372 dipteran pupae were collected, 107 in the forest area, 194 in the rural area and 71 in the urban area. Percentage of dipterans in forest, rural and urban areas were 28.7%, 52.2% and 19.1%, respectively. Sorcophagula occidua (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was the most frequent species with 42.2%. Regarding the synanthropy index of the species Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) Palaeosepsis pusio (Schiner, 1868) (Diptera: Sepsidae), Brontaea quadristigma (Thomson, 1869) (Diptera: Muscidae) and S. occidua presented an index of 16.0%, - 64%, +18.4% and +7.7%, respectively. Dipterans constitute the adequate model for the study of synanthropy, not only for their ecological importance, but also for their medical-sanitary aspect.

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Gade, Daniel W. "Shifting Synanthropy of the Crow in Eastern North America." Geographical Review 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00019.x.

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Pinilla Beltran, Yudi Tatiana, N. A. Segura, and F. J. Bello. "Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in Bogotá, Colombia." Neotropical Entomology 41, no. 3 (May 26, 2012): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-012-0036-x.

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Hanan-Alipi, Ana María, Heike Vibrans, Rocío Vega-Frutis, Cecilia Rocío Juárez-Rosete, Roberto Valdivia-Bernal, and Jesús Velázquez-Fernández. "Growth, reproduction and weediness: testing four related species on a gradient of synanthropy." Botanical Sciences 99, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2599.

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Background . The ability of weeds to thrive in the stressful environments created by human disturbance has been explained mainly by a set of life history traits, such as short life cycles, generalist habits, as well as early and sustained reproduction. However, the evidence that these traits are better represented in weeds than in related species of other environments is mixed. To explore the relationship between weeds and the life history traits, we used the fact that plants are weedy to different degrees because of the heterogeneous nature of environments produced by disturbance. In a group of four congeners, we studied some growth and reproduction parameters in relation to the degree of synanthropy of the species, determined previously. Methods. In a common garden experiment, we compared relative growth rate, time to flowering, and biomass distribution between four species of the genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) that are weedy to different degrees. Results. The most synanthropic species, M. divaricatum, stood out for its steady growth rate, but not for assigning more resources to reproduction, nor for early flowering. In general, we found no association between growth and reproductive parameters studied in the four Melampodium species and the degree to which they are weeds. Conclusions. Results suggest that traits such as fast growth and early reproduction may not be essential for life as a weed. Rather, weedy species exhibit a complex pattern of growth traits that could be affected by conditions independent of anthropogenic disturbance.

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Figueroa-Roa, Luis, and Arício X. Linhares. "Synanthropy of Muscidae (Diptera) in the city of Valdivia, Chile." Neotropical Entomology 33, no. 5 (October 2004): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2004000500016.

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Blacio, Karen, Jonathan Liria, and Ana Soto-Vivas. "Diversity and synanthropy of flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) from Ecuador, with new records for the country." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 8 (May 26, 2020): 15784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5479.12.8.15784-15793.

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The Calyptratae are one of the most diverse groups of Diptera. Some species have immature states involved in the decomposition of organic matter of animal origin (i.e., they are sarcosaprophagous). In this study, we examined the diversity and synanthropy of sarcosaprophagous calyptrates in several environmental zones of the Ecuadorian Andes. Captures were performed in an urban zone located in the Tocachi community with monocultures (MC) and polycultures (PC), a rural zone with an agroecological farming system (AFS), and a forest zone with a montane forest located in the Parque Arqueológico Cochasquí (PAC) and the Cochasquí montane forest (CMF). A total of 2,925 specimens of Calyptratae were collected, representing 38 morphotypes and 17 species. Four are new reports for Ecuador: Dolichophaonia trigona (Shannon & Del Ponte), Phaonia trispila (Bigot), Compsomyiops melloi Dear, and Calliphora lopesi Mello. CMF and PAC presented high abundance and richness, followed by AFS, MC, and PC; PAC showed the highest diversity, in contrast to lowest in MC; the evenness decreased from forest to urban zones. Species that exhibited a preference for human settlements (positive synanthropic index) included Limnophora marginata Stein, Phaonia trispila, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), Calliphora lopesi, Compsomyiops melloi, and Calliphora nigribasis Macquart. Those with a preference for uninhabited areas (negative index) included Tricharaea sp1, Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou), and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann).

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Sikes, Derek S., and Kyle Callegari. "Interior ecosystem in the subarctic: wild, living, arthropod biodiversity in the University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America." Canadian Entomologist 152, no. 6 (October 26, 2020): 802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.56.

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AbstractOutside of pest control reports, little attention has been paid to interior ecosystems in high-latitude regions. Opportunistic sampling of live arthropods captured inside the University of Alaska Museum Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America allowed us to describe and analyse one such interior ecosystem. We document a minimum of 77 arthropod species over 18 years. Beetles, spiders, and booklice represented 80% of the total abundance. Of those captured, synanthropes consisted primarily of fungivores and detritivores, seasonals consisted primarily of predators and omnivores, and transients consisted primarily of predators and had greater diet and species diversity than the synanthropes and transients. January was the most common month for capturing synanthropes, September for capturing seasonals, and July for capturing transients. Four synanthropic species not previously known from Alaska, which appear to have breeding populations inside the museum, were found: Dorypteryx domestica (Smithers, 1958) (Psocodea: Psyllipsocidae), Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal, 1827), Dienerella filum (Aubé, 1850), and Corticaria serrata (Paykull 1800) (Coleoptera: Latridiidae). Three transient and one synanthrope species previously unreported from Alaska, with no evidence of breeding populations, were also found: the click beetle Danosoma obtectum (Say, 1839) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a spider in the genus Phantyna, probably the species P. bicornis (Emerton, 1915) (Araneae: Dictynidae), two Colobopsis sp. ant specimens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the synanthropic spider Oecobius cellariorum (Dugès, 1836) (Araneae: Oecobiidae).

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WELLS, Jeffrey D., Madhusdan M. SINGH, Kenji SUZUKI, Masami MIURA, and Hiromu KURAHASHI. "Male eye dimorphism and synanthropy in Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) : Diptera : Calliphoridae." Medical Entomology and Zoology 45, Supplement (1994): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.299.

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Altamiranda-Saavedra, Mariano, Eduardo Amat, and Luz Miryam Gómez-P. "Influence of montane altitudinal ranges on species distribution models; evidence in Andean blow flies." PeerJ 8 (December 7, 2020): e10370. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10370.

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Background Blow flies are a family of dipterans of medical, veterinary and sanitary importance. We aim to predict the current geographical distribution of six neotropical blowfly species with different altitudinal ranges of distribution (high, medium, and lowlands) and degree of synanthropy (eusynanthropic, hemisynanthropic and asynanthropic) based on their existing fundamental niche (EA) in Northwestern South America. Methods Geographical records were compiled based on data from museum specimens and literature. The accessible area hypothesis (M) was calculated based on three criteria: (1) Altitudinal range, (2) Synanthropy values deducted based on the Human Influence Index (HII) raster dataset, and (3). The mean dispersal capability of flies. The modeling was performed using the Maxent entropy modeling software. The selection of parameters was made with the R Program ENMeval package. Results The models were assessed using the area under the operator-partial receiver curve (ROCp). The high statistical performance was evidenced in every modeling prediction. The modeling allowed identifying possible taxonomic inaccuracies and the lack of exhaustive collection in the field, especially for lowlands species. Geographical distribution predicted by the modeling and empirical data was remarkably coherent in montane species. Discussion The data obtained evidence that montane elevational ranges affect the performance of the distribution models. These models will allow a more precise predicting of medium and high elevation blow flies than lowlands species. Montane species modeling will accurately predict the fly occurrence to use such biological information for medical, legal, veterinary, and conservation purposes.

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Forattini, Oswaldo Paulo, Iná Kakitani, Eduardo Massad, and Daniel Marucci. "Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 10- survey of adult behaviour of Culex nigripalpus and other species of Culex (Culex) in South-Eastern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 29, no. 4 (August 1995): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000400003.

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A survey of adult behaviour of Culex (Culex) species was carried out from August 1992 through December 1993 in a human modified (anthropic) environment in the Ribeira Valley, S.Paulo State, Brazil. Culex nigripalpus dominated the catches at several sites and it's tendency to increase in the anthropic environment became quite clear. Nevertheless no high level of synanthropy was demonstrated. So it seems that the mosquito may have a restricted role in natural arbovirus cycles. Nonetheless, Cx. nigripalpus must be considered a potential vector of arboviruses, especially St. Louis encephalitis virus outside dwellings.

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Barata, R. A., R. L. Ursine, F. P. Nunes, D. H. Morais, and H. S. Araújo. "Synanthropy of mosquitoes and sand flies near the Aimorés hydroelectric power plant, Brazil." Journal of Vector Ecology 37, no. 2 (November 26, 2012): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00243.x.

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D'Almeida, José Mario. "Calyptrate diptera (Muscidae and Anthomyidae) of the state of Rio de Janeiro: I. Synanthropy." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 87, no. 3 (September 1992): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761992000300008.

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KAMP, JOHANNES, ROBERT D. SHELDON, MAXIM A. KOSHKIN, PAUL F. DONALD, and ROBERT BIEDERMANN. "Post-Soviet steppe management causes pronounced synanthropy in the globally threatened Sociable LapwingVanellus gregarius." Ibis 151, no. 3 (July 2009): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2009.00938.x.

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Cazorla, Carla G., and Raúl E. Campos. "Synanthropy and Community Structure of Ceratopogonidae From the Northeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy165.

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De Souza, Caroline Rodrigues, and CJV Zuben. "Diversity and Synanthropy of Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Region of Rio Claro, SP, Brazil." Neotropical Entomology 41, no. 3 (May 30, 2012): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-012-0037-9.

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Ramos Pastrana, Yardany, Eric Córdoba Suarez, and Marta Wolf. "Synanthropy and ecological aspects of the Muscidae (Diptera) in the Andean Amazon, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia." Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 26, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2022.26.2.5.

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Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the synanthropic and ecological aspects of the Muscidae species in the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Scope. Promote knowledge of the diversity of Muscidae in the Colombian Andean Amazon, given their medical, forensic, and ecological importance. Methodology: Sampling was conducted monthly over six months, in three habitats (urban, rural, and forest) using Van SomerenRydon traps baited with fish, chicken viscera, decomposing onion, and human feces. Four traps (one per bait) were installed in each habitat for 48 hours each month. Samples were collected every 12 hours. Results: The synanthropic index was calculated. A total of 4,916 specimens from 21 species and eight genera were collected, 11 of them are new records in Colombia: Chaetagenia stigmatica, Graphomya maculata, Morellia dendropanasis, Morellia hirtitibia, Morellia lopesae, Ophyra capensis, Philornis falsificus, Philornis masoni, Philornis schildi, Philornis setinervis, Polietina flavithorax. The species with the highest synanthropic index that showed strong preference for dense human settlements were Morellia violacea, M. basalis, M. dendropanasis, and Ophyra capensis. The most abundant species were Biopyrellia bipuncta, Cyrtoneuropsis gemina and M. violacea, all three evidenced a preference for human settlements. Conclusions: These results suggest that certain species can be used as ecological indicators of disturbance in humid forests in Colombia.

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Forattini, Oswaldo Paulo, Iná Kakitani, Eduardo Massad, and Daniel Marucci. "Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 2 - Immature stages research at a rice irrigation system location in South-Eastern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 27, no. 4 (August 1993): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101993000400001.

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A relation between a rice irrigation system and mosquito breeding was established in a study undertaken at the Ribeira Valley Experimental Station, from January through December 1992. Flooding favoured Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) and Culex (Melanoconion) species, while empty paddies condition were propitious to Aedes scapularis and Culex (Culex) species. Compared with a more primitive area of the same region, several species showed high a degree of adaptation to the anthropic environment. Among them, Anopheles albitarsis, a potential malaria vector that breeds in the irrigation system, has shown immature stage production thirteen times higher than at the natural breeding sites. In addition, Ae. scapularis, An. oswaldoi, Cx. bastagarius, and Cx. chidesteri presented high levels of synanthropy.

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Uribe-M, Natalia, Marta Wolff, and Claudio J. B. de Carvalho. "Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Muscidae (Diptera) in a tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia." Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54, no. 3 (2010): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0085-56262010000300018.

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Guetté, Adrien, Pierre Gaüzère, Vincent Devictor, Frédéric Jiguet, and Laurent Godet. "Measuring the synanthropy of species and communities to monitor the effects of urbanization on biodiversity." Ecological Indicators 79 (August 2017): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.018.

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Markovska, Oksana. "Finds of rare and non-abundant species of small mammals in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 11 (August 28, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1104.

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Eight of the eleven expected rare and non-abundant species of small mammals were recorded in the studied territory: Crocidura suaveolens, Sorex minutus, Neomys fodiens, Dryomys nitedula, Cricetulus migratorius, Terricola subterraneus, Micromys minutus, and Mus spicilegus. Crocidura suaveolens was found in both dry meadows and floodplain biotopes, and it was also recorded nearby to field-protective plantations and human settlements. Sorex minutus was also more common in dry meadows and in floodplain biotopes. Neomys fodiens is a typical floodplain endemic. Dryomys nitedula was more common in oak forests and it is prone to synanthropy. Cricetulus migratorius was found in steppe areas and near fields of agricultural crops. Terricola subterraneus was recorded only in a dry maple-linden oak forest. Micromys minutus prefers floodplain biotopes. Mus spicilegus was found on agricultural crops and in steppe areas.

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Ramos, L. S., F. Lozano, and J. Muzón. "Odonata Diversity and Synanthropy in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Avellaneda City, Buenos Aires, Argentina." Neotropical Entomology 46, no. 2 (September 17, 2016): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0443-5.

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McFarlane, Ro, Adrian Sleigh, and Tony McMichael. "Synanthropy of Wild Mammals as a Determinant of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Asian–Australasian Region." EcoHealth 9, no. 1 (March 2012): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0763-9.

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Ferraz, ACP, BQ Gadelha, MMC Queiroz, GE Moya-Borja, and VM Aguiar-Coelho. "Effects of forest fragmentation on dipterofauna (Calliphoridae) at the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu, RJ." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 1 (February 2010): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000100009.

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Samples were collected every month in three different sites of the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Brazil: site A was located on the border of the forest and sites B and C were located 1,000 and 500 m, respectively, towards the forest interior. The objective was to determine edge effects on a fragment of the Atlantic Forest. The greatest species richness was observed in sites A and B (23 species), compared with site C (16 species). Site A showed the greatest abundance and constancy, independent of the degree of synanthropy. Asynanthropic species were more abundant and constant in sites B and C. Site B showed the greatest diversity; and sites A and B showed the greatest similarity of populations. There was no significant correlation between Calliphoridae richness and canopy openness except in site C. Richness and abundance were positively correlated with subwood density, except for richness in site B.

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Buschmann, Sebastian, Klaus Olbricht, and Christiane M. Ritz. "Fragaria moschata – Geschlechterverhältnisse in natürlichen und synanthropen Populationen." Kochia 13 (April 8, 2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/kochia.v13.112.

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Bestände der Zimt-Erdbeere (Fragaria moschata) im Osten und Südosten Deutschlands gelten als autochthon, Vorkommen weiter westlich und nördlich als synanthrop. In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir das Geschlechterverhältnis von natürlichen und synanthropen Populationen untersucht. Natürliche Populationen weichen häufig von einer erwarteten Gleichverteilung beider Geschlechter ab, wobei sowohl männlich als auch weiblich dominierte Populationen beobachtet wurden. Die Mehrheit der synanthropen Vorkommen besteht nur aus Pflanzen eines Geschlechts, wobei meist rein weibliche Bestände gefunden wurden. Diese Populationen können sich daher nur klonal über Ausläufer erhalten.

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Dufek, Matias Ignacio, Moira Battán-Horenstein, and Pablo Ricardo Mulieri. "Blow flies, synanthropy and sex ratio: Are the deviations in the sex proportion linked to human transformation of landscapes?" Acta Tropica 222 (October 2021): 106052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106052.

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Jahanifard, Elham, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Amir Ahmad Akhavan, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Yavar Rassi, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, and Ameneh Karimi. "Diversity of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in southwest Iran with emphasis on synanthropy of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus alexandri." Acta Tropica 140 (December 2014): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.017.

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HAYASHI, Toshihiko. "Studies on the sphaerocerid flies of synanthropy and hygienic importance in Japan (Diptera) : II. Records of the forty species." Medical Entomology and Zoology 37, no. 3 (1986): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.193.

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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Study of the biology and ecology of the Muscidae Family (Insecta: Diptera): Collections." Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2021.2.1.0051.

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Adults can be predators, hematophagous and detritivores or feed on numerous types of exudates from plants or animals. They can be attracted to various substances including sugars, sweets, tears, and blood. Larvae appear in a variety of habitats, including decaying vegetation or animals, dry or moist soil, insect, or bird nests, fresh or stagnant water, and droppings. The objective of the mini review consists of bibliographical research on the muscoid dipterans of the Family Muscidae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family and Species (taxonomic groups) and in conceptual. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1971 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from August to September 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, https://goo.gl/gLTTTs and https://www.growkudos.com/register. Although some species are very common worldwide, such as the housefly and the stablefly due to their synanthropy, most species do not have this behavior, so they are restricted to some territorial areas, sometimes-small dimension.

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Battán-Horenstein, Moira, Laura M. Bellis, and Raquel M. Gleiser. "DIVERSITY OF NECROPHAGOUS BLOWFLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA)." Caldasia 38, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v38n1.57837.

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<p>The complex nature of urban environments can have different effects on species diversity and composition. The aim of this work was to characterize the assemblage of Calliphoridae regarding its richness, abundance, and synanthropy in Córdoba City, Argentina. Three sampling sites differing in their distance to the border of the city and degree of urbanization were selected. In each site, collections were carried out with 12 traps baited with cow liver (200 g per trap) that were operated for five consecutive days during three different times of the year, in April, June and August 2013. A total of 341 adult calliphorids from nine species, Lucilia sericata (Meigen), L. eximia (Wiedemann), L. cuprina (Wiedemann), L. cluvia (Walker), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. megacephala (Fabricius) and C. chloropyga (Wiedemann) were collected. Lucilia sericata was the most abundant species followed by C. vicina. Species diversity, composition and abundance changed between sites, richness being lowest at the most urbanized site. All species are cosmopolitan except Sarconesia chlorogaster, whose distribution is restricted to South America. These results are consistent with a homogenization of the fauna in urban environments.</p>

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Barrios, Suellem Petilim Gomes, Luciana Escalante Pereira, Neiva Zandonaide Nazário Monaco, Gustavo Graciolli, Aline Etelvina Casaril, Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran, Everton Falcão de Oliveira, Wagner de Souza Fernandes, Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho, and Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira. "Synanthropy and diversity of Phlebotominae in an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the South Pantanal floodplain, Midwest Brazil." PLOS ONE 14, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): e0215741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215741.

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Forattini, Oswaldo Paulo, Iná Kakitani, Eduardo Massad, and Daniel Marucci. "Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 9- Synanthropy and epidemiological vector role of Aedes scapularis in South-Eastern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 29, no. 3 (June 1995): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000300007.

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Behaviour comparisons of Aedes scapularis and Ae. serratus are presented. Results were obtained by sampling Aedes adult mosquitoes at several places in the rural anthropic environment in the Ribeira Valley region of S. Paulo State, Brazil. Aedes dominance was shared by those two species, but Ae. scapularis Sshowed a clear tendency to frequent the modified environment, while Ae. serratus was to be found in the more preserved ones, here represented by the vestigial patchy forests. Regarding the open cultivated land and the dwelling environments, Ae. scapularis preponderates. Considering the regional developmental phases, this mosquito showed a remarkable increase in the modified environment differently from Ae. serratus that underwent a considerable decrease in migrating from the forest to the anthropic environment. As a consequence of these results it is reasonable to conclude that Ae. scapularis may be considered as an epidemiologically efficient vector and that it quite probably played this role in the Rocio encephalitis and other arbovirus epidemics.

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HAYASHI, Toshihiko. "Studies on the sphaerocerid flies of synanthropy and hygienic importance in Japan (Diptera) : I. The key to species of the flies." Medical Entomology and Zoology 37, no. 2 (1986): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.113.

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Bazhenov, Yu A. "Synanthropic rodent fauna of Eastern Transbaikalia in the early 21st century." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 962, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/962/1/012008.

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Abstract The article provides information on the synanthropic rodent fauna of Eastern Transbaikalia. In 2017–2020 the city of Chita, the town of Baley and small settlements of Zabaykalsky krai were surveyed. True synanthropes: the house mouse and the brown rat are most abundant in residential landscapes. Natural populations of the house mouse are typical for coastal biotopes of the steppe zone, and the brown rat is typical for forest-steppe zone of Zabaykalsky krai. In Chita (administrative centre of Zabaykalsky krai) the share of the brown rat in rodent communities has considerably increased in recent decades. There is an extension of the brown rat’s habitat in the area of Baikal-Amur Mainline. Optional synanthropes: striped field mouse, striped dwarf hamster, Maximowicz’s vole, and narrow-headed vole are less important in residential landscapes of the region. In the beginning of the 21st century the field mouse is extending its habitat to the disjunct zone to the west of Transbaikalia: it is now common in the residential area of the town of Baley. Penetration of another optional synanthropic species recorded in the neighbouring Siberian regions – the East European vole – has not been detected.

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WHITMORE, DANIEL. "A review of the Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Sardinia." Zootaxa 2318, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 566–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2318.1.24.

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An account is given of the species of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 subgenus Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 known from the island of Sardinia (Italy). Most of the nearly 1,400 specimens examined were collected in the SW part of the island during 2003–2006 as part of a project investigating the arthropod diversity of the Monti Marganai and Montimannu areas (respectively Carbonia-Iglesias and Medio Campidano provinces). The study resulted in the finding of eight species of Heteronychia, six of which are recorded from Sardinia for the first time. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) penicillata Villeneuve, 1907, previously mentioned in the literature, is excluded from the fauna of the island. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) thirionae (Lehrer, 1976) is recorded for the first time from Europe and North Africa (Algeria). One species, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) gabrielei sp. nov., from various sites in the limestone massif of Marganai, is described as new. Previously unpublished records from other Italian regions and from other countries (Algeria, Canary Islands, Greece) are also given for several species. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) schnabli Villeneuve, 1911 is recognized as a junior synonym of S. (H.) consanguinea Rondani, 1860 syn. nov. The possible synanthropy of Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) pandellei (Rohdendorf, 1937) is briefly discussed. A key to males and females of all known Sardinian and Corsican species of Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) is provided.

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Podolsky, Aleksey Vladimirovich. "Materials on the ecology of background species of reptiles in the Tambov Region." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101121.

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The paper presents data on the ecology of two common species of reptiles in the Tambov Region: the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758, and the common grass snake, Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758). The material was collected in the Michurinsky, Pervomaysky, Tambovsky and Inzhavinsky (on the territory of the Voroninsky State Nature Reserve) Districts of the Tambov Region during the 2019 field season. Field observations and accounting for the numbers of animals on the routes were carried out in the most typical biotopes for the study sites: in pine forest, deciduous forest, in steppe areas affected to varying degrees by anthropogenic transformation, in floodplains of rivers and along the shores of lakes and artificial reservoirs. Information on the following aspects of the ecology of these reptile species in the region is presented and discussed: habitat distribution and numbers, seasonal and diurnal activity, phenology of reproduction and development and the influence of anthropogenic factors. All materials obtained as a result of our own research are compared with the data of the literature sources cited in the paper. On the basis of wide distribution in the region, relatively high numbers and trends to synanthropy it is stated that the state of the populations of the sand lizard and common grass snake in the region in the present conditions is safe and special measures for their protection are not required.

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Shtohryn, M., I. Dovhanyuk, and A. Shtohun. "СИНАНТРОПІЗАЦІЯ РОСЛИННОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКУ «КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКІ ГОРИ»." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 82, no. 3 (November 23, 2022): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.22.3.3.

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The article describes the species composition of the synanthropic vegetation of the National Park "Kremenetski Hory", the distribution of species into three lists (Black, Gray and Alarming). The priority of the most aggressive plants was analyzed (24 species (2.8 %) from 13 families). The relation to humidity of synanthropic species with a predominance of mesophytes (46%) was determined. For the territory of the Park, Solidago canadensis is an aggressive synanthropus, the population of this species occupies large areas in open areas throughout the territory of the Park. Since 2017, the Park has carried out annual clearing of the Baraban tract and steppe areas from Solidago canadensis by hand, without the use of chemicals. Research results indicate that the level of synanthropization of the Park's flora is indirect. The proximity of agricultural lands and transport routes to the territory of the Park causes changes in the composition and structure of groups, impoverishment of the biodiversity of the rare part of the Park's flora. Therefore, it is expedient to carry out environmental protection measures to destroy the centers of spread of invasive and synanthropic plant species

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Popova, Elena I. "Synanthropization and species diversityof floodplain ecosystems of the Ob-Irtysh basin, Russia." Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (December 22, 2021): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e78477.

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Currently, the phytocenoses of the Irtysh floodplain are experiencing intense anthropogenic pressures due to the intensive development of the oil and gas industry, as well as the urbanization of the territory. This paper focuses on the structure and species composition of the 27 studied areas in the floodplain ecosystems of the Ob-Irtysh basin. As a result of the research, we found 111 species of vascular plants from 33 families in plant communities. The areas belong to meadows and forest vegetation are represented by (1) birch forests (33%), (2) pine forests (10%), (3) fir forests (8%), (4) aspen forests (4%) and (5) associations of meadows (45%). Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the studied phytocenoses according to the Drude scale. To determine the anthropogenic transformation of the flora and individual plant communities, we determined the synanthropization index (the ratio of synanthropic species to the total number of species). In the synanthropic flora fraction, we distinguished 45 species belonging to 12 families, with the most multispecies being Apiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Compositeae, Ranunculaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Plantaginaceae. The synanthropization index of the studied phytocenoses ranges from 6.6% to 81.2%. The largest number of synanthropic species occurs in meadow associations, the content of synanthropes is greater than 50%, the structure is becoming more superficial, and the productivity and stability of plant communities are changing. The study of the horizontal structure of grass stands of meadow phytocenoses makes it possible to find the variability of different years, the change of dominant species and the stability of the species composition. Currently, researchers are paying considerable attention to the analysis of the structure of the herbage, since its study is of great theoretical and practical importance in clarifying phytocenotic relations.

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Krajcarz, Magdalena, Maciej T. Krajcarz, Mateusz Baca, Chris Baumann, Wim Van Neer, Danijela Popović, Magdalena Sudoł-Procyk, et al. "Ancestors of domestic cats in Neolithic Central Europe: Isotopic evidence of a synanthropic diet." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 13, 2020): 17710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918884117.

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Cat remains from Poland dated to 4,200 to 2,300 y BCE are currently the earliest evidence for the migration of the Near Eastern cat (NE cat), the ancestor of domestic cats, into Central Europe. This early immigration preceded the known establishment of housecat populations in the region by around 3,000 y. One hypothesis assumed that NE cats followed the migration of early farmers as synanthropes. In this study, we analyze the stable isotopes in six samples of Late Neolithic NE cat bones and further 34 of the associated fauna, including the European wildcat. We approximate the diet and trophic ecology of Late Neolithic felids in a broad context of contemporary wild and domestic animals and humans. In addition, we compared the ecology of Late Neolithic NE cats with the earliest domestic cats known from the territory of Poland, dating to the Roman Period. Our results reveal that human agricultural activity during the Late Neolithic had already impacted the isotopic signature of rodents in the ecosystem. These synanthropic pests constituted a significant proportion of the NE cat’s diet. Our interpretation is that Late Neolithic NE cats were opportunistic synanthropes, most probably free-living individuals (i.e., not directly relying on a human food supply). We explore niche partitioning between studied NE cats and the contemporary native European wildcats. We find only minor differences between the isotopic ecology of both these taxa. We conclude that, after the appearance of the NE cat, both felid taxa shared the ecological niches.

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Wilczek, Zbigniew, Michał Romańczyk, and Alicja Barć. "Ancient Woodlands’ and Synanthropic Plants as Indicators of Maintenance of the Forest Communities in the Nature Reserves of the Oświęcim Basin." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 7 (December 12, 2011): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10107-009-0019-9.

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The landscape of the Oświęcim Basin, naturally dominated by forest communities, has been strongly transformed due to the long-term activities of man. Across time and space, it has been stamped by pond management and agriculture to the highest degree. Despite such a strong transformation of the natural environment fragments of forests which reflect the peculiarities of forest vegetation of the macroregion still occur. These are the Żaki and the Przeciszów nature reserves. The goal of the phytosociological studies done within their borders was the assessment of the Tilio-Carpinetum phytocoenoses which dominate in the reserves, regarding their: maintenance, naturalness, anthropological changes and compliance to anthropopressure, as well as natural values. Therefore, analyses related to the share of: character species, ancient woodland indicators and synanthropes were performed for purposes of the study. It has been proposed that transformations of the forest communities be assessed using the new formula of floristic naturalness coefficient (WNF), based on the share of ancient woodland and synanthropic species.

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Zagorodniuk, Igor. "Fifty years of the Theriological Society in Ukraine: key milestones." Theriologia Ukrainica 2022, no. 23 (June 30, 2022): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2313.

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Information on the formation and development of mammal research in Ukraine in the format of the activity of a scientific society is summarized. The beginning of systematic research was determined by such events as the formation of academic programs and research groups for the study of mammalian fauna (study of fauna composition, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, and population dynamics), the economic importance of mammals (game species, pests, and role in zoonoses), study of the history of fauna and some systematic groups (palaeontology, archaeozoology, and phylogenetics), and analysis of fauna changes (synanthropy, alien species, red book, environmental and climate changes). Such directions were formed in the academy of sciences, universities, nature reserves, anti-plague and sanitary-epidemiological and plant protection stations, especially in 1950–1960, which led to the formation of relevant scientific schools, state programs, specialties, publications, and conference cycles. In June 1972, with the participation of Ukrainian academician I. Pidoplichko, the creation of the All-Union Theriological Society (AUTS) was initiated, and he became its vice-president. Over the next 10 years, theriological research in Ukraine expanded significantly, and in March 1982, the Ukrainian Branch of the AUTS (UB) was created, with 4 sections: paleozoology, morphology, game management, and ecology. In the spring of 1992, the UB was reorganized into the Ukrainian Theriological Society (UTS), and two more its sections were created: medical theriology and the Theriological School. The latter has focused on research carried out in the network of protected areas and biostations and has dealt with the organization of seminars for the exchange of experience and improvement of the qualification of colleagues, and soon it became the main form of activity of the UTS. Within its framework, several new groups were formed (monitoring of bats, large carnivores and small mammals, standardization of scientific terminology and nomenclature). In 1994 to 2022, 26 therioschools and 12 seminars were held, the website Terioshkola was created, dozens of issues were published, and the newsletter Novitates Theriologicae and the journal Theriologia Ukrainica (23 volumes) were established. To the 50th anniversary of the UTS, issues of the bulletin dedicated to the history of theriology have been prepared, which include encyclopaedic information about 183 people and an overview of scientific centres and regional studies.

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Glogov, Plamen. "Study on the relict flora of Lozenska Mountain." Silva Balcanica 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e54625.

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The purpose of this study is to make an inventory of the relicts in the flora of Lozenska Mt., to clarify their origin, taxonomical, ecological and phytogeographical structure and to evaluate their role for the formation of the contemporary flora and vegetation, economic uses and measures for their con- servation. The study was conducted in the period 2017-2019. In order to cover the maximum area and different ecological niches, the sampling was conducted using the transect method. The surveyed territory and its two geographic regions, north-west and south-east, were divided into four sub re- gions (parts) and 19 transects were used for possible comparisons. The biology and ecology of the relict plants was made, thus allowing to group the species in biological and ecological groups, based on life forms, floristic and phytogeographical elements, synanthropy and economic uses. As a result, 61 species and three subspecies, belonging to 48 genera and 35 families, were identified as relict taxa. These number represent 7.4% of the whole flora of Lozenska Mt. (823 species) and 17.6% of the relict species in Bulgarian flora. Tertiary were 93.4% of the mountain’s relicts. The families with the richest number of relict species were Salicaceae (9 species) and Ranunculaceae (4 species). The genera with the largest number of relict species were Salix (5 species) and Populus (4 species). The most relicts (73.7% from their total number on the territory of the mountain) were registered in the south-west part of the mountain, while the smallest number (52.5%) was found in its north-east and south-east parts. The phanerophytes (dominated by the threes) prevailed with more than 60%, followed by the hemicryptophytes (16.4%) and geophytes (13.1%). Most of the relicts on the territory of the Lozenska Mt. have Euroasiatic (17.7%) and sub-Mediterranean (17.7%) origin. The established relicts are pre- dominantly heliophytes (61.3%), mesotherms (86.9%) and mesophytes (59.0%). Each of the studied species is a plant with economic benefits: forestry (36.1%), non-wood resources (88.5%) or ornamental uses (54.1%). Salix caprea and Polygonatum odoratum are included in the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act (2002). The other relict species fall under provisions of different laws, such as the Medicinal plants Act, Forestry Act, Biodiversity Act, including NATuRA 2000 legislative base.

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Zagorodniuk, Igor, and Sergiy Kharchuk. "Bats of Galicia and Bukovina in the 1830–1850s: composition and changes of fauna for 180 years." Theriologia Ukrainica 2022, no. 24 (December 30, 2022): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2405.

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The chiropterological component of one of the most significant zoological written monuments of the 19th century of Ukraine in general and the Carpathian region in particular is analysed. This is Stanislaw Petruski’s monograph titled ‘Natural History of Wild Mammals of Galicia’ (1853). The translation of this part has been arranged and commented in accordance with modern schemes of bat taxonomy and nomenclature supplemented with appropriate descriptions from the works of Alexander Zawadski (1840) and Ivan Verkhratsky (1869). Consequently, the most complete picture of the species composition and some features of the biolo-gy of the bat fauna of Prykarpattia (essentially the Carpathian region on the whole) within Ukraine was reconstructed and described, which is important for understanding the composition of past fauna states in neighbouring countries, including Poland and Romania. Descriptions of 12 species from 9 genera are presented and commented taking into account the current state of knowledge. The underestimation concerned only rare species and those morphologically simi-lar to other more common ones (e.g. lesser horseshoe bat, Brandt’s bat, Nathusi-us’s pipistrelle, lesser noctule, etc.). Features of contemporary taxonomy, fauna composition, descriptions of dwellings and display of synanthropy are considered. Special attention is paid to the consideration of fauna changes that have occurred over almost 100 years, as well as the features of the fauna of that time, which shows obvious signs of the ‘warm phase.’ The latter is evidenced by descriptions of species in the fauna in general, which are currently more southern, and descrip-tions of winter finds of those species that in the last period of research (second half of the 20th century) were considered migratory and distant migrants. The main body of data by Petrusky, as follows from his text, dates from 1830–1850, and this corresponds to the period of climatic optimum reconstructed for Poland, where the period 1820–1850 was characterised by warm late winters and early springs. Apparently, the same period extended to Galicia, and later descriptions of ‘warm fauna’ in Ukraine are known for the period of the 1920–1930s and the modern period (1990–2020). The phenomenon of constant cycle of fauna and its regular changes due to climate fluctuations is considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Synanthropy'

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