Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synanthropy

Academic literature on the topic 'Synanthropy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Ivanova, Natalya Vyacheslavovna. "Synanthropic plants as indicators of the ecological state of city of Samara." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20161106.

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This article focuses on the analysis of synanthropic flora of Samara. It surveys the history of the research of the flora of the city of Samara, and states that it is possible to base the estimation of the ecological condition of the city of Samara on the process and degree of synanthropy. When studying urbanoflorae different authors define the concept of synanthropic flora differently. O.P. Vinkovskaya, E.P. Gnatyuk, and G.S. Antipina, K.V. Kachkin, I.G. Sokolova, T.V. Astakhova, T.A.Terekhina dealt with issues of terminology. The author believes that the synantropic flora consists of adventitious cultivated plants, adventitious ruderal weeds and apofyte types. In the conditions of the increasing anthropogenous change the process of synanthropization of the vegetable cover becomesquite urgent. The article describes the structure of the synanthropic fraction of the urban flora of Samara. The author notes that in the synanthropic fraction the share of monocotyledonous plants has considerably decreased, and that the adventitious species prevail, the flora being made up by forest-steppe boreal, nemoral and multizone plants. In the analysis of the synanthropic component of the flora such indicators as the flora synanthropy index, the adventivity index, index of the apofyteness and the index of cultivation have been calculated. The author comes to the the conclusion that synanthropy causes reduction of the flora variety
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Jaźwa, Małgorzata, and Agata Stadnicka-Futoma. "The alien flora of the Rzeszów Foothills." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2015-0014.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the synanthropic flora of the Rzeszów Foothills (south-eastern Poland). Floristic studies were carried out in years 2007-2013 using the cartogram method in the ATPOL system (2×2 km square grid). Here we present the numerical data (number of species in each historical-geographical group, families most frequently represented by anthropophytes), show the proportion of specific growth forms and describe habitat preferences. The Rzeszów Foothills region had already been shown as strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressures. The total number of vascular plant species detected was equal to 1115; among them, the synanthropes represent about 30%. Also the index of synanthropy was calculated to confirm strong anthropogenic transformation of the studied area. In the presented study, 47 invasive plant species were discovered in the region. Moreover, the role and distribution of the most interesting and invasive of the synanthropic species was analyzed based on their negative impact on the native flora. We also identified plant species with high invasive potential and indicated causes of their appearance and spread.
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Kilochytska, N. P. "Synanthropy of bloodsucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) under conditions of kyiv." Vestnik Zoologii 46, no. 5 (November 9, 2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-012-0035-8.

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Synanthropy of Bloodsucking Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) under Conditions of Kyiv. Kilochitskaya N. P. - The 35 anthropophilic species are analyzed. The main tendancies of adaptations tending the transition of bloodsucking mosquito to synanthropic existence are considered. It is shown, that certain part of bloodsucking mosquitoes species inhabiting natural biocoenoses have been already adapted before the assimilation into the anthropogenic landscapes.
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Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Ronald Knight, and Leena Tamang. "Mechanical Transmission of Human Protozoan Parasites by Insects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.18.1.128-132.2005.

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SUMMARY The filthy breeding habits, feeding mechanisms, and indiscriminate travel between filth and food make some groups of synanthropic insects such as nonbiting flies and cockroaches efficient vectors of human enteric protozoan parasites. Twenty-one species of filth flies have been listed by regulatory agencies concerned with sanitation and public health as causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases based on synanthropy, endophily, communicative behavior, and strong attraction to filth and human food. Outbreaks and cases of food-borne diarrheal diseases in urban and rural areas are closely related to the seasonal increase in abundance of filth flies, and enforced fly control is closely related to reductions in the occurrence of such diseases. Mechanical transmission of human parasites by nonbiting flies and epidemiological involvement of other synanthropic insects in human food-borne diseases have not received adequate scientific attention.
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de Souza, C. R., and C. J. Von Zuben. "Synanthropy of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Entomology 45, no. 6 (June 9, 2016): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0411-0.

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Vega-Frutis, Rocío, and Ana M. Hanan-Alipi. "Relationship between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three species of weeds with different synanthropy index." Scientia Fungorum 51 (April 20, 2021): e1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1360.

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Background: Nutrient foraging strategies between thin and thick roots, including mycorrhizal symbionts are resource-costly, and therefore a trade-off could exist. These strategies can vary with the synanthropy index (degree to which a species associates with anthropogenic habitats), thus maximizing the benefits for the acquisition of soil resources. Objectives: To quantify the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Melampodium species with different synanthropy index, and to determine the correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the architectural and morphological root traits. Methods: Roots of Melampodium divaricatum, M. perfoliatum and M. tepicense, with highest to lowest synanthropy index, respectively were collected. The root branching rate (RBR), total root length (TRL), diameter of first-order root, (FOR), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were quantified. Additionally, soil chemistry analyses were done. Results and conclusion: Melampodium tepicense had lowest FOR, highest SRL and lowest arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, whereas M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had the opposite values. Additionally, M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had higher TRL, RTD, and RBR, suggesting that both strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza and fine roots, are used for acquisition of nutrients, independently of their phylogenetic relationship and soil nutrients.
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Opálková, Marie, and ˇárka Cimalová. "Analysis of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava." Casopis slezského zemského muzea (A) 60, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10210-011-0023-6.

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Analysis of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava This paper is a result of the field research of synanthropic vegetation in the territory of the city of Ostrava in the summer of 2010 (June - August) and in the spring of 2011 (April). A total of 213 reléves were carried out in three types of habitats (borders of fields, ruderal areas and railway tracks). The reléves were transferred to the ‘Turboveg’ database computer programme and analyzed using the Expert system of vegetation of the Czech Republic (the ‘Coctail’ method) in the ‘Juice’ computer programme. This paper contains the evaluation of the occurrence of plant species in particular habitats and of the types of their synanthropy with special regard to endangered and invasive species. A total of 201 species of vascular plants were found, among them 134 apophytes. A total of 4 endangered species and 8 invasive species were found. A total of 5 classes, 15 alliances and 25 associations were found using the analysis of vegetation in the ‘Juice’ computer programme. Only 5 associations occurred in all studied types of habitats. The most common association was Convolvulo arvensis-Elytrigietum repentis.
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Oksanen, Markku, and Timo Vuorisalo. "De-extinct species as wildlife." TRACE ∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies 3 (April 24, 2017): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23984/fjhas.59487.

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The concept of wildlife embodies two sources of controversy regarding de-extinct animals. First, the multifaceted dependence of these animals on humans; and second, the property rights to de-extinct animals. Both provide reasons for not counting them as wildlife. A subsequent question is, however, whether we should maintain this divide or allow the boundaries to blur. If we aim to maintain it, we end up trying to stop a process that is evolving rapidly and difficult to curb by legal means. If we relinquish these boundaries, we give up customary cultural models and related cultural practices. In biology, the divide between domestic and wild species is usually considered arbitrary and the degree of synanthropy (degree of association with humans) to present a continuum. Still, wildlife is normally defined through the notion of domestication: those animals that are not domesticated are wildlife. De-extinction turns the setting upside down: the de-extinct animals would normally be classified as domesticated, since they are generated by human action and could be owned as private property, but the problem is that they are not intended as domestic – de-extinct animals are ultimately created to be wildlife. Thus the concept of wildlife calls for refinement so as to allow their inclusion. We present a classification of animal species based both on their degree of synanthropy and the complex ownership issues. It appears that de-extinct species would probably initially represent species with a low synanthropy index but a high need for human care, but might later evolve into “real” wildlife in the strict sense of the term.
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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Synanthropy of dipterans collected in cattle feces in Brazil." Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2021.2.2.0040.

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Cattle feces accumulated in pastures and stables constitute an especially favorable microhabitat for the development of a rich and heterogeneous arthropod fauna. This study determined the species of Diptera of Medical, Veterinary and Agricultural importance present in forest, rural and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, state Minas Gerais Southeast region, Brazil in the period from March to November 2006. The dipterans pupae were individually placed in glass jars until the emergence of the dipterans. A total of 372 dipteran pupae were collected, 107 in the forest area, 194 in the rural area and 71 in the urban area. Percentage of dipterans in forest, rural and urban areas were 28.7%, 52.2% and 19.1%, respectively. Sorcophagula occidua (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was the most frequent species with 42.2%. Regarding the synanthropy index of the species Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) Palaeosepsis pusio (Schiner, 1868) (Diptera: Sepsidae), Brontaea quadristigma (Thomson, 1869) (Diptera: Muscidae) and S. occidua presented an index of 16.0%, - 64%, +18.4% and +7.7%, respectively. Dipterans constitute the adequate model for the study of synanthropy, not only for their ecological importance, but also for their medical-sanitary aspect.
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Gade, Daniel W. "Shifting Synanthropy of the Crow in Eastern North America." Geographical Review 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00019.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Rollinson, Daniel J., and n/a. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124.

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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.
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Rollinson, Daniel J. "Synanthropy of the Australian magpie a comparison of populations in rural and suburban areas of southeast Queensland, Australia /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124/.

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Rollinson, Daniel J. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367089.

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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Silva, Catharina Cristhina de Oliveira. "Cleptoptilia pela ave tesourinha Tachornis squamata (aves, Apodidae) no semiárido brasileiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/478.

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The bird Neotropical Palm-Swift, Tachornis squamata (Apodiformes, Apodidae), steals feathers of other bird species by kleptoptily behavior. This particular behavior has been described for this bird species in the Amazon, however aspects of kleptoptily have not yet been investigated in other Neotropical biomes, where Neotropical Palm-Swift can be found. The aim of this study was to quantify the kleptoptily behavior of Neotropical Palm-Swift species in urban and non-urban areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region, Caatinga biome. In urban areas, the data collections were carried out between July 2013 and June 2014 between 06:00-10:00 a.m. and between 14:00- 17:00 p.m., in a total of 225h 45min of sampling effort. In non-urban area, the data collections were carried out between September 2013 and June 2014 between 06:00-10:00 a.m., in a total of 50h 30min of sampling effort. The kleptoptily behavior was quantified through of records the number of kleptoptily events, number event of kleptoptily attempts and the number of events which the Neotropical Palm-swift collected feathers that loosened in a spontaneous way of other birds. Were registered in urban areas, 39 kleptoptily events, 385 events of kleptoptily attempts and 875 events of collected feathers that loosened in a spontaneously way of other birds. Were registered in non-urban area, 25 kleptoptily events and 49 events of kleptoptily attempts. In this area were not registered events of collected feathers that loosened spontaneously of other birds. In urban area, the Neotropical Palm-Swift collected feathers of five species of birds, belonging to four families. In non-urban area, feathers were collected from seven species of birds, distributed in six families. In this study, in urban areas, the Neotropical Palm-Swifts were recorded collecting feathers in two different ways: through kleptoptily and through collected feathers that have broken off spontaneously of other birds. In non-urban area, the Neotropical Palm-Swifts only collected feathers through kleptoptily behavior. The different behavior of Neotropical Palm-Swift in the two study areas can be explained in part by synanthropic behavior of this species
A ave Tachornis squamata (Apodiformes, Apodidae), popularmente conhecida como tesourinha, rouba penas de outras espécies de aves pelo comportamento de cleptoptilia. Este comportamento específico foi descrito para o tesourinha na Amazônia, entretanto aspectos da cleptoptilia ainda não foram investigados em outros biomas da região Neotropical onde esta espécie de ave pode ser encontrada, bioma Caatinga. O objetivo desse estudo foi quantificar o comportamento de cleptoptilia da espécie tesourinha em área urbana e área não urbana na região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil. Em área urbana, as coletas de dados foram realizadas entre julho de 2013 e junho de 2014 entre 06:00h e 10:00h e entre 14:00h e 17:00h, e totalizando um esforço amostral de 225h e 45min de observações. Em área não urbana, as coletas de dados foram realizadas entre setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014 entre 06:00h e 10:00h, totalizando um esforço amostral de 50h e 30min de observações. O comportamento de cleptoptilia foi quantificado por meio dos seguintes registros: número de eventos de cleptoptilia, número de eventos de tentativas de cleptoptilia e número de eventos no qual as tesourinhas coletaram penas que se desprenderam de forma espontânea de outras aves. Foram registrados, em área urbana, 39 eventos de cleptoptilia, 385 eventos de tentativas de cleptoptilia e 875 eventos de penas coletadas que se desprenderam espontaneamente de outras aves. Foram registrados, em área não urbana, 25 eventos de cleptoptilia, 49 eventos de tentativas de cleptoptilia e não foram registrados eventos de penas coletadas que se desprenderam espontaneamente de outras aves. Em área urbana, foi registrado que o tesourinha coletou penas em cinco espécies de aves, pertencentes a quatro famílias. Em área não urbana, foi registrado que o tesourinha coletou penas em sete espécies de aves, distribuídas em seis famílias. Neste estudo, em área urbana, o tesourinha foi registrado coletando penas de duas formas distintas: por meio da cleptoptilia e por meio de penas coletadas que se desprenderam espontaneamente de outras aves. Em área não urbana, o tesourinha somente coletou penas por meio do comportamento de cleptoptilia. Esta diferença comportamental exibido pelo tesourinha nas duas áreas de estudo pode ser explicado, em parte, pelo comportamento sinantrópico desta espécie.
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Shepherd, Peter Allan. "Botanical studies of synanthropic urban vegetation in central England." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291887.

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Wright, Hugh. "Synanthropic survival : low-impact agriculture and white-shouldered ibis conservation ecology." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/40591/.

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The conservation value of traditional agriculture is well recognised in Europe, where retention and restoration of farming practices that support open-habitat species is a standard management technique. Elsewhere, however, this value is often overlooked while conservation attention is directed at natural habitats and forest biota. This thesis assesses the importance of traditional farming for developing-world biodiversity, using the White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni in Cambodia to investigate practices underpinning synanthropic relationships, links between farming-dependent species and local livelihoods, and potential conservation strategies. Ibis status and ecology was investigated by censuses, foraging observations, prey sampling, experimental exclusion of grazing and burning at foraging habitats, and experimental protection of nests. Livelihoods were assessed by social research methods including household income surveys. A literature review found a subset of threatened bird taxa now dependent on traditional farming following the loss of natural processes. Agricultural change, driven by external agribusiness and intrinsic livelihood modernisation, endangers these species, including the ibis. Ibis foraging ecology is closely associated with local livelihood practices, with favoured dry forest habitats created or maintained by domestic livestock grazing, anthropogenic fire and rice cultivation. Not all local practices are beneficial, however: ibis nests are exploited for food by local people, and nest guardians do not improve nest success (although this requires further testing). White-shouldered Ibis’s breeding season contrasts with that of the sympatric Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea, most likely explained by the former’s dry-season-adapted foraging strategy. Household incomes and livestock capital assets demonstrated that local people share a dependence on the livelihood practices and dry forest landscape supporting the ibis. Nevertheless, local livelihood change (such as mechanisation) may uncouple this linkage, making a potential win-win conservation strategy unviable. Conservation must develop measures to maintain valuable farming practices before they, and the species dependent on them, are lost through agricultural transition.
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Lubeley, Solveig. "Quartier- und Raumnutzungssystem einer synanthropen Fledermausart (Eptesicus serotinus) und seine Entstehung in der Ontogenese." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2003/0130/.

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Förster, Maike Verfasser], Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Mehlhorn, and William F. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Martin. "Synanthrope Fliegen als Träger und potenzielle Vektoren von pathogenen Mikroorganismen und Parasiten / Maike Förster. Gutachter: Heinz Mehlhorn ; William Martin." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015458432/34.

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Souza, Caroline Rodrigues de. "Sazonalidade, sinantropia e preferência por iscas de dípteros necrófagos da região de Rio Claro, SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99577.

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Orientador: Claudio José Von Zuben
Banca: Julio Mendes
Banca: Rodrigo Ferreira Kruger
Resumo: Entre os dípteros de interesse médico-sanitário, destacam-se os pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae e Muscidade, que são de grande importância pelo fato de serem vetores de patógenos, parasitarem tecidos e por serem úteis na entomologia forense, na estimativa do IPM de cadáveres. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência das espécies mais predominantes, avaliar uma possível associação dessas com três áreas ecológicas distintas (urbana, rural e florestal) e determinar o índice de sinantropia de adultos dessas famílias coletados em Rio Claro, SP. As coletas ocorreram entre os meses de setembro de 2009 e agosto de 2010. Armadilhas contendo iscas de sardinha, fígado e carne moída foram expostas durante cinco dias consecutivos por mês, nas três áreas ecológicas distintas. Foram coletados nesse trabalho 2.782 exemplares de dípteros, sendo a maioria deles (45,04%) pertencentes à família Calliphoridae. A segunda família em abundância foi dos muscídeos (39,14%), seguida pela família Sarcophagidae (15,82%). As únicas espécies que apresentaram valores positivos para o índice de sinantropia foram Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) e Oxysarcordexia thornax (Walker), Atherigona orientalis Schiner, Musca domestica Linnaeus, Ophyra chalcogaster (Wiedemann) e Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp). As demais espécies apresentaram valores negativos, o que demonstra uma maior preferência por áreas menos habitadas. Dentre as iscas utilizadas, a de fígado atraiu os califorídeos com maior abundância, a de sardinha foi a preferida pelos sarcofagídeos e a de carne, pelos muscídeos, em comparação ao fígado. De acordo com o índice de Bray-Curtis, as áreas rural e urbana foram as mais similares em relação à composição de espécies atraídas pelas iscas
Abstract: Among the Diptera of medical and health importance, we highlight those belonging to the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae, which are of great importance because they are vectors of pathogens, parasitized tissues and are useful in forensic entomology, in estimating the IPM of corpses. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of the most prevalent species, assess a possible association with three distinct ecological areas (urban, rural and forest) and determine the synanthropic index of adults in these families collected in Rio Claro, SP. The samples were collected between the months of September 2009 and August 2010. Traps baited with sardine baits, liver and ground beef were exposed for five consecutive days per month in three different ecological areas. In this study were collected 2,782 specimens of Diptera, the majority of them (45.04%) belonging to the family Calliphoridae. The second family in abundance was Muscidae (39.14%), followed by family Sarcophagidae (15.82%). The only species that showed positive values for the index of synanthropy were Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and Oxysarcordexia thornax (Walker), Atherigona orientalis Schiner, Musca domestica Linnaeus, Ophyra chalcogaster (Wiedemann) and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp). The values for the other species were negative, showing a greater preference for less populated areas. Among the baits used, liver attracted calliphorids with higher abundance, the sardine was the preferred for sarcophagids and flesh fly by muscids, in relation to liver. According to Bray-Curtis index, the rural and urban areas were more similar in terms of species composition attracted by the bait
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Kohls, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von aviären Influenzaviren bei synanthropen Tauben, bei Beizvögeln, deren Beutewild sowie bei Falknern / Andrea Kohls." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024541371/34.

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Books on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Panagiotakopulu, Eva. Archaeology and entomology in the Eastern Mediterranean: Research into the history of insect synanthropy in Greece and Egypt. Oxford, England: British Archaeological Reports, 2000.

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Chytrá, Hana. Synantropní flóra Blovic. Plzeň: Západočeské muzeum, 1999.

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J, Kalis Arie, Meurers-Balke Jutta, and Tegtmeier Ursula, eds. Geschichte der synanthropen Flora im Niederrheingebiet: Pflanzenfunde aus archäologischen Ausgrabungen. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 2007.

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The synanthropisation of vascular plant flora of mires in the coastal zone (Kashubian coastal region, N Poland): Range, reasons for, and spatial characteristics. Łódź: Polskie Tow. Botaniczne, 2008.

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M, Cherosov M., and Nikolin E. G, eds. Sintaksonomii︠a︡ sinantropnoĭ rastitelʹnosti I︠A︡kutii. I︠a︡kutsk: I︠A︡kutskiĭ nauch. t︠s︡entr SO RAN, 2005.

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Antropization and environment of rural settlements: Flora and vegetation : proceedings of international conference, Sátoraljaújhely, 22.-26. August 1994. Košice, Slovakia: Botanical Garden, P.J. Šafárik University, 1994.

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Svensson, Roger, and Marita Wigren. A Survey of the History, Biology, & Preservation of Some Retreating Synanthropic Plants. Coronet Books, 1986.

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Gramiccia, Marina. The Leishmanioses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0051.

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Leishmanioses are a large group of parasitic diseases range over the intertropical zones of America and Africa, and extend into temperate regions of South America, Southern Europe and Asia. The clinical aspect of the diseases is wide ranging from a simple, self-resolving cutaneous lesion to the potentially fatal visceral leishmaniosis, known as kala-azar. In numerous underdeveloped countries leishmanioses remain a major public health problem representing one of the most neglected diseases. Among 15 well-recognized Leishmania species known to infect humans, 13 have definite zoonotic nature, which include agents of visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of the disease in both the Old and New Worlds. Mammal reservoir hosts belong to the marsupalia, edentata, carnivora, hyracoidea, and rodentia, maintaining sylvatic zoonotic foci in the deserts of Africa and Asia, the forests of South and Central America, as well as synanthropic foci in the Mediterranean basin and much of South America. Although the known vectors are all phlebotomine sandflies, these have a wide range of specific habits and habitats. The complexity of this group of infections has only recently been appreciated and is still being worked out. Currently, leishmanioses show a wider geographical distribution than previously known, with increased global incidence of human disease. Environmental, demographic and human behavioural factors contribute to the changing leishmaniosis landscape, which basically include increasing risk factors for zoonotic cutaneous leishmanioses, and new scenarios associated with the zoonotic entity of visceral leishmaniosis. In comparison with the anthroponotic entities of leishmaniosis, limited progresses were made for the control of the zoonotic ones, consisting mainly in new tools developed for the control of L. infantum in the canine reservoir.
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Pozio, Edoardo. Trichinellosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0068.

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Trichinellosis is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. These zoonotic parasites show a cosmopolitan distribution in all the continents, but Antarctica. They circulate in nature by synanthropic-domestic and sylvatic cycles. Today, eight species and four genotypes are recognized, all of which infect mammals, including humans, one species also infects birds, and two other species infect also reptiles.Parasites of the genus Trichinella are unusual among the other nematodes in that the worm undergoes a complete developmental cycle, from larva to adult to larva, in the body of a single host, which has a profound influence on the epidemiology of trichinellosis. When the cycle is complete, the muscles of the infected animal contain a reservoir of larvae, capable of long-term survival. Humans and other hosts become infected by ingesting muscle tissuescontaining viable larvae.The symptoms associated with trichinellosis vary with the severity of infection, i.e. the number of viable larvae ingested, and the time after infection. The capacity of the worm population to undergo massive multiplication in the body is a major determinant. Progression of disease follows the biological development of the parasite. Symptoms are associated first with the gastrointestinal tract, as the worms invade and establish in the small intestine, become more general as the body responds immunologically, and finally focus on the muscles as the larvae penetrate the muscle cells and develop there. Although Trichinella worms cause pathological changes directly by mechanical damage, most of the clinical features of trichinellosis are immunopathological in origin and can be related to the capacity of the parasite to induce allergic responses.The main source of human infection is raw or under-cooked meat products from pig, wild boar, bear, walrus, and horses, but meat products from other animals have been implicated. In humans, the diagnosis of infection is made by immunological tests or by direct examination of muscle biopsies using microscopy or by recovery of larvae after artificial digestion. Treatment requires both the use of anthelmintic drugs to kill the parasite itself and symptomatic treatment to minimize inflammatory responses.Both pre-slaughter prevention and post-slaughter control can be used to prevent Trichinella infections in animals. The first involves pig management control as well as continuous surveillance programmes. Meat inspection is a successful post-slaughter strategy. However, a continuous consumer education is of great importance in countries where meat inspection is not mandatory.
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Book chapters on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Synanthropic." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3668. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4509.

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Nakhutsrishvili, George. "Synanthropic Vegetation." In The Vegetation of Georgia (South Caucasus), 215–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29915-5_10.

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Webber, R. "Domestic and synanthropic zoonoses." In Communicable diseases: a global perspective, 273–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780647425.0273.

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Webber, R. "Domestic and synanthropic zoonoses." In Communicable diseases: a global perspective, 299–315. Wallingford: CABI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780647425.0299.

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Webber, R. "Domestic and synanthropic zoonoses." In Communicable diseases: a global perspective, 299–315. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786395245.0299.

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Johnston, Richard F. "Synanthropic birds of North America." In Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, 49–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_3.

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Marchut-Mikolajczyk, Olga, and Piotr Drozdzynski. "Endophytic Microorganisms from Synanthropic Plants." In Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 318–29. First edition. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2021] Includes bibliographical references and index.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327643-22.

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Mucina, Ladislav. "Vicariance and Clinal Variation in Synanthropic Vegetation." In Quantitative approaches to phytogeography, 263–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2063-7_9.

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Voigt, Christian C., Kendra L. Phelps, Luis F. Aguirre, M. Corrie Schoeman, Juliet Vanitharani, and Akbar Zubaid. "Bats and Buildings: The Conservation of Synanthropic Bats." In Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World, 427–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_14.

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James, Philip, and Mark Howard Champion. "Changing the Management of Post-mining Synanthropic Sites." In Green Scenarios: Mining Industry Responses to Environmental Challenges of the Anthropocene Epoch, 227–44. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003271604-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Pennington, Pamela. "Synanthropic rodent control to reduce transmission risk." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95156.

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Koshutina, Nadezda Andreevna. "STUDY OF SYNANTHROPIC ANIMALS IN ADDITIONAL EDUCATION." In Международный педагогический форум "Стратегические ориентиры современного образования". Уральский государственный педагогический университет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/kso-2020-187.

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Khandohiy, I. M. "VARIABILITY OF POPULATION INDICATORS OF SYNANTHROPIC COMMON PIGEON IN MINSK AND REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE CENTERS OF BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-356-358.

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The data of population indicators variability of synanthropic common pigeon in urbanized territories of regional administrative centers of the Republic of Belarus is presented. Features of coloration polymorphism, spatial distribution of common pigeons, depending on the characteristics of urban development and the degree of anthropogenic load are considered. The general patterns for the populations of this species are confirmed.
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Gerasimenko, Olga, Olha Bohachova, Vladyslava Sarkis-Ivanova, and Nguyen Do To Uyen. "SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF SYNANTHROPIC ORGANISMS IN KHARKIV CITY." In Problèmes et perspectives d'introduction de la recherche scientifique innovante. Plateforme scientifique européenne, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/29.11.2019.v3.11.

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Khandohiy, I. M. "CURRENT STATUS OF PAINTING POLYMORPHISMTHE SYNANTHROPIC ROCK DOVE (Columba livia L.) IN THE CITY OF MINSK." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-193-197.

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The article discusses the features of the color polymorphism of the rock dove in the conditions of diverse urban landscapes of different administrative centers of Minsk. An analysis of the ecology of the synanthropic rock dove in the urbanized areas of the capital made it possible to reveal the spatial structure in relation to residential urban areas, depending on the number of storeys of the residential area and the time of residential development, as well as the pronounced dominance of the black-chased morph. It is concluded that the main coloring morphs of the rock dove are represented in the city of Minsk. The absolute dominance of dark-colored individuals was noted (black-chased -65 %, black - 5 %), then in descending order the nominal gray color - 30 %, brown - 5 % and piebald - 6 % of the registered individuals. The absolute predominance of black-chased individuals was revealed in all administrative districts, which are maximally represented in Zavodskoy and Frunzensky districts - 71 and 69 %, respectively.
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Kuzmin, I. V., and A. A. Khapugin. "A grid mapping scheme for the flora of Tyumen city: a case study for an invasive and a synanthropic plant species." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-22.

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Biodiversity inventory is one of the widespread fields in biological studies around the world. The understanding the correct distribution of each taxon needs obtaining the complete number of species’ records in the study area. In this research, we compared the completeness of reliable expert data and citizen science data obtained through iNaturalist platform for the urban area of the city Tyumen. The comparison was conducted using the grid mapping scheme developed by us for the study area with grid cell size of 1 × 1 km. As target plants, an invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi and a synanthropic species Urtica cannabina were selected. We found that neither only expert data nor only citizen science (iNaturalist) data can reflect a reliable distribution of these species in the city Tyumen. We believe that only joint coordinated use of both citizen science data and expert data could provide the relevant and reliable data on species’ distribution.
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Khandohiy, I. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COLORING POLYMORPHISM OF SYNANTHROPIC URBAN PIGEON (Columba livia var. urbana) IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS OF THE CITY OF MINSK." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-305-310.

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Reports on the topic "Synanthropy"

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Бєлик, Юлія Вільєвна, Василь Миколайович Савосько, and Юрій Вікторович Лихолат. Taxonomic Composition and Synanthropic Characteristic of Woody Plant Community on Petrovsky Waste Rock Dumps (Kryvorizhzhya). КДПУ, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3640.

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The study of taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics of wood species on devastated lands as a theoretical basis for the phytomelioration of environment remains relevant nowadays. It was discovered 32 species, 25 genera and 15 families in the course of the analysis of woody plant community from devastated lands of Petrovsky waste rock dumps. Among them, allochthonous species (59.38%) have an advantage over autochthonous (40.63%) according to the quantitative indicators. It was established, hemiapophytes predominate among apophytesspecies andneophytes predominate among anthropophytesaccording to the time of entry, according to the method of invasion ergasiophytes, according to the degree of adaptation ergasiophytes and agriophytes. The results of our analysis indicate that the investigated woody plant communitycorresponds to the conditions of localization.
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