Academic literature on the topic 'Syn- thetic grid'
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Journal articles on the topic "Syn- thetic grid"
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Lei, Zhaoyu, Jianyi Guo, Yingfu Tian, Jiemin Yang, Yinwu Xiong, Jie Zhang, Ben Shang, and Youping Fan. "Thyristor Aging-State-Evaluation Method Based on State Information and Tensor Domain Theory." Electronics 10, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212700.
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The thyristor is the key device for the converter of the ultra-high-voltage DC (UHVDC) project to realize AC–DC conversion. The reliability of thyristors is directly related to the safe operation of the UHVDC transmission system. Due to the complex operating environment of the thyristor, there are many interrelated parameters that may affect the aging state of thyristors. To extract useful information from the massive high-dimensional data and further obtain the aging state of thyristors, a supervised tensor domain classification (STDC) method based on the adaptive syn-thetic sampling method, the gradient-boosting decision tree, and tensor domain theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the algorithm applies the continuous medium theory to analogize the aging state points of the thyristor to the mass points in the continuous medium. Then, the algorithm applies the concept of the tensor domain to identify the aging state of the thyristor and to transform the original state-identification problem into the state classification surface determination of the tensor domain. Secondly, a temporal fuzzy clustering algorithm is applied to realize automatic positioning of the classification surface of each tensor sub-domain. Furthermore, to solve the problem of unbalanced sample size between aging class data and normal class data in the state-identification domain, the improved adaptive synthetic sampling algorithm is applied to preprocess the data. The gradient-boosting decision tree algorithm is applied to solve the multi-classification problem of the thyristor. Finally, the comparison between the algorithm proposed and the conventional algorithm is performed through the field-test data provided by the CSG EHV Power Transmission Company of China’s Southern Power Grid. It is verified that the evaluation method proposed has higher recognition accuracy and can effectively classify the thyristor states.
Book chapters on the topic "Syn- thetic grid"
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Dhiman, Saloni, Deepti Kakkar, and Gurjot Kaur. "Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop Routing Protocol With Optimized Grid-Based Clustering for Wireless Sensor Network." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 254–82. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1626-3.ch009.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of several sensor nodes (SNs) that are powered by battery, so their lifetime is limited, which ultimately affects the lifespan and hence performance of the overall networks. Till now many techniques have been developed to solve this problem of WSN. Clustering is among the effective technique used for increasing the network lifespan. In this chapter, analysis of multi-hop routing protocol based on grid clustering with different selection criteria is presented. For analysis, the network is divided into equal-sized grids where each grid corresponds to a cluster and is assigned with a grid head (GH) responsible for collecting data from each SN belonging to respective grid and transferring it to the base station (BS) using multi-hop routing. The performance of the network has been analyzed for different position of BS, different number of grids, and different number of SNs.
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Dickens, Charles. "Chapter XVIII Father and Daughter." In Dombey and Son. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536283.003.0019.
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There is a hush through Mr. Dombey’s house. Servants gliding up and down stairs rustle but make no sound of footsteps. They talk together constantly, and sit long at meals, making much of their meat and drink, and enjoying themselves after a grim unholy...
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Nicholls, Alex, and Rafael Ziegler. "The Extended Social Grid Model." In Creating Economic Space for Social Innovation, 3–31. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830511.003.0001.
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For the analysis of social innovation and marginalization processes, the Extended Social Grid Model (ESGM) proposes a plural focus on social sources of power—cultural, economic, security-related, political, natural, and artefactual—and how these congeal and entwine in the cognitive frames, social networks, and institutions of a time and place. Drawing especially from sociologists Jens Beckert and Michael Mann, the approach is committed to explanatory pluralism and with it a thesis that the explanation of social change is irreducible to a single source of power (Mann) or to a single social force (Beckert). Drawing on the capabilities approach, as pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, a further, normative commitment is ethical individualism. It puts the evaluative focus on the effect of social innovations on individuals. Thus, the model requires an interdisciplinary collaboration between economics, philosophy, and sociology that is explored in the subsequent chapters of the book.
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Kamra, Rakhi, and G. L. Pahuja. "Reliability Importance Measures-Based Analysis of Substation Communication Network." In Computational Methodologies for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 48–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3327-7.ch004.
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Smart grid can work effectively only when a reliable, fast communication network is available. The communication network is a prerequisite to connect different protection, control, and monitoring equipment within the substation. Ethernet fulfills all the requisites such as reliable, fast, secure, interoperable, LAN-based communication system for smart substations. Therefore, the main aspect is to improve the reliability of the network by prioritizing the critical components by using the knowledge of component importance measures (CIM). In this chapter, analysis of IEC 61850 ethernet-based substation communication network (SCN) architectures has been examined using various reliability importance measures (RIM). The importance measures namely Birnbaum, improvement potential, criticality importance, and reliability achievement worth have given their justified rankings of the various components of SCN architectures. The practice of these CIMs works towards the identification of the components that can be allocation of resources for the improvement of system reliability.
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Allen, Craig. "Final Fight." In Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States, 214–47. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401643.003.0010.
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Period: 2000–2012. The millennium brings predictions of vast new TV channels for a rapidly growing Latino population. Yet Perenchio’s deal for a second network crushes new entrants. Telemundo finally rises under chief James McNamara. At a $2.7 billion price, Sony sells Telemundo to NBC. The dispute between Perenchio and Azcárraga Jean over the PLA intensifies and erupts into lawsuits. Fighting expands when Azcárraga Jean claims Televisa’s right to succeed Perenchio as owner of Univision but Perenchio departs by selling to Haim Saban. A courtroom showdown ends with a surprise settlement but with Univision still uncertain of programs after the PLA expires in 2017. At Telemundo, NBC’s ownership is fortuitous. From NBC’s infusion of cash, McNamara and successor Don Browne introduce “coproduction” agreements with foreign studios. Telemundo becomes the first major U.S. producer of Spanish-language programs. Univision takes a more historic stride. Resolving their dispute, Univision and Televisa sign an unprecedented “joint operating agreement.” Univision is promised permanent Televisa programming. Televisa claims enlarged control of Univision. The JOA is the first definitive agreement between the parties since Telesistema Méxicano founded SIN in 1961. Yet after 50 years, little in Spanish-language television has changed. Univision still is dominant among Latinos. Its main programs, novelas, are the same. The influence and grip of the Azcárragas remain.
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Henningsen, Lars N. "Provinsmatadorer mellem fyrstegunst og borgermisundelse. Otte-koncernen i Ekernførde i Slesvig 1700–1770." In Hvem styrte byene? Nordisk byhistorie 1500–1800, 273–95. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.149.ch10.
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The provincial ‘matadors’: Between royal favour and the envy of the burghers. The Otte dynasty in Ekernførde in Schleswig 1700–1770 The Otte dynasty did not possess notable land in the town of Ekernførde in Schleswig in 1700–1770, and its members did not become landlords, and the family members owned only two estates near their residence. Thus, Ekernførde should not be considered a ‘landlord town’ as defined by Finn-Einar Eliassen. However, Christian Otte and his son Friedrich Wilhelm Otte gained a dominant position in the town. Their path to success was facillitated by unique business talent, the social networks they built, and their contacts in the local council and the central administration in Copenhagen. The Otte dynasty managed to establish the largest single-proprietor shipping company in Denmark outside Copenhagen. Therefore, one must conclude that Ekernførde was, for a certain period, a privatised monopoly town. This occurred despite the fact that the Danish state systematically kept a tight grip on urban sites by providing state tenants with power and authority. In addition, these statal measures were underpinned by manifold administrative and judicial regulations. Yet statal bureaucratisation of the towns in Denmark did not prevent ‘matadors’ like the Otte family from growing and obtaining strong economic and social positions. They also benefited from royal favour, which triggered envy and dissatisfaction in other merchant families. One should not assume that the Otte dynasty is a unique example of ‘matadors’ in Denmark, and they were not the only ones who anchored their dominant position without owning the land the town was built on, but rather on various political and economic resources. Consequently, this study of Ekernførde indicates that other small towns in Denmark most likely fostered dynasties and ‘matadors’ temporarily. However, it is clear that Schleswig became less controlled by statal bureaucracy compared to other parts of the Danish Realm. More studies are needed to explore the whole picture of the political economy of Denmark in the 18th century.
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Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Rhodes." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0021.
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Nearly two million visitors a year come to the historic island of Rhodes to enjoy its sun, beaches, and famous medieval city. Rhodes is the largest island of the Dodecanese, or Twelve Islands, although there are actually two hundred small islands that compose the group. Historically it was the home of the world-renowned Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is also mentioned in the Bible as one of the ports visited by the boat carrying the Apostle Paul to Jerusalem on his return from his third, and last, missionary journey. The island of Rhodes lies much closer to Turkey than to Greece, but it can be easily reached by frequent flights from Athens or by ferry from Piraeus (14 hours), the port of Athens; from Kusadasi through Samos (6 hours); or from Bodrum, Marmaris, or Fethiye (between 1½ and 2 hours). Flights are also available from Thessaloniki and Crete, and in summer from Santorini and Mykonos as well. Because of its favorable location close to the shoreline of Asia Minor and between Greece and Israel, Rhodes was favored for development in antiquity. Both its eastern and western ports were frequented by traders and merchants, and numerous ancient writers mention it as a place of both economic and cultural achievement. In the 4th century B.C.E. Rhodes even surpassed Athens as a center for trade and commerce. The island also became renowned for its school of rhetoric, founded in 324 B.C.E., at which such distinguished Romans as Cicero, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Tiberius studied. Famous citizens of Rhodes included the poet Apollonios and the sculptors Pythocretes (who created the famed Nike of Samothrace, which was dedicated by the citizens of Rhodes to commemorate their victory over Antiochus III in 190 B.C.E.) and Chares of Lindos (sculptor of the Colossus of Rhodes). The world-famous Laocoön, a sculpture that depicts the priest of Apollo and his children in the grip of two great snakes, was produced by three sculptors from Rhodes, Agesander, Athinodoros, and Polydoros.
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Feuerlicht, George. "Enterprise Application Service Model." In IT Outsourcing, 929–36. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch056.
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Following the recent changes in the global business environment, many organizations are reevaluating their approach to delivering enterprise applications and are looking for more effective ways to control IT costs. There is growing evidence of reluctance to fund large-scale implementation projects, and of tighter budgets forcing more careful cost-benefit analysis to justify IT investments. It is becoming increasingly clear that the traditional model for delivering enterprise applications that involves the implementation of licensed software such as ERP (enterprise resource planning) applications within end-user organizations is not suited to the fast-evolving business world of the 21st century. Almost invariably, situations in which organizations own and maintain their entire IT infrastructure lead to very high costs of ownership, and consequently high levels of IT spending, which can detract from the core business in which the organization is engaged. This has led to a situation in which some businesses doubt the benefits of IT (Carr, 2003), and some observers even contend that productivity improvements, once assumed to be the result of IT, are more likely to be the results of other factors such as longer working hours (Nevens, 2002). This backlash that followed the IT boom at the end of the last century has forced software vendors to seek more cost-effective models for the delivery of enterprise applications, and has led to the reemergence of the ASP (application service provider) model as an alternative to licensed software. Today, the ASP model (or software-as-a-service model) is a part of a more general trend toward utility computing, where the service provider delivers highly scalable application services to a large population of end-user organizations in a reliable and cost-effective manner, typically from a remote data center. Utility computing aims to supply application services on demand, similar to other utility services (e.g., gas or electricity), and relies on new technologies and architectures that enable the virtualization and sharing of resources across a large number of users in order to minimize costs and maximize utilization. The use of advanced service-oriented architectures (SOAs), grid computing, cluster technologies, and failure-resistant configurations enable the delivery of highly scalable application services in a reliable manner to a large population of users. These technological advances distinguish utility computing from the earlier ASP and outsourcing models, and will ultimately result in significant reduction in the costs of enterprise software solutions and wide adoption of the software-as-a-service model. Major IT vendors including IBM, Microsoft, Sun, Oracle, and HP are promoting utility computing, albeit under different names (e.g., on-demand computing, etc.), and are investing vast resources into the construction of data centers and related facilities (Abbas, 2003). Others, such as Salesforce.com, have been successful with providing hosted services for CRM (customer-relationship management) and other related types of applications, validating the ASP model and further confirming the trend toward utility computing. As the enterprise application software market matures, major ERP vendors are changing their revenue model to decrease their reliance on new software licenses toward income generated from software-license upgrades and product support (Karpecki, 2004; Levy, 2004). This change combined with the fact that most organizations spend as much as 80% of software-related costs on software maintenance and related activities (Haber, 2004) creates a situation in which licensed software is de facto rented. It is precisely this high level of ongoing costs that motivate many organizations toward alternatives such as outsourcing and the ASP model. In this article we first examine the business drivers for the ASP model and contrast the software-as-a-service model with the traditional software-as-a-license approach. We then discuss future enterprise computing trends, focusing on the reemergence of the ASP model for enterprise applications and the likely impact of the wide adoption of this model on the IT landscape. In conclusion, we summarize the main arguments in this article.
Conference papers on the topic "Syn- thetic grid"
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Jeya, R., G. R. Venkatakrishnan, and Vaishnav Nagarajan. "Placing Controllers Using Latency Metrics in a Smart Grid Implementing Software- Defined Networking Architecture." In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9s6358.
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Smart grids add software and sensors to the existing power grids that will give utilities and individual’s access to information that they can understand and react to make changes quickly. They employ bi-directional communication between electricity endpoints and power stations. They help power stations with managing electricity demand and perform dynamic pricing. For instance, by using smart meters at home, consumers can view the price of electricity throughout the day and schedule tasks such that their energy bills are minimized. Deploying a smart grid comes with its own challenges. Managing the network of a smart grid is very complex and time consuming. The communication system comprises of devices that use different protocols for communication. This leads to interoperability problems and frequent intervention of the network administrator to make changes to the network configuration. By using the software-defined networking architecture, the control plane is separated from the data-forwarding plane. It allows network administrators to make configuration changes to the network from a device that centrally controls network components. One of the major challenges in SDN is the placement of controller (s) in the network. It affects the primary objective of setting up a network – fast and reliable communication of data. In this paper, we introduce the networking paradigm of smart grids and SDN architecture and go on to propose a method to find the optimal solution for the placement of controller (s) in a smart grid that uses SDN architecture.
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Park, Seungbae, Ramji Dhakal, Lawrence Lehman, and Eric Cotts. "Grain Formation and Intergrain Stresses in a Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Ball." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73058.
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The thermo-mechanical behavior of near eutectic lead-free SnAgCu (SAC) solder joints under Deep Thermal Cycling (DTC) and in-situ thermal loading was examined. Crossed polarizer, optical microscopy revealed that in ball grid array (BGA) solder joints, these Sn rich, Pb-free solders exhibit large grained Sn structures. After imaging, these SnAgCu solder joints were subjected to repeated thermal stresses under an inert atmosphere. Subsequent to this thermal loading, the samples were again examined with optical microscopy. Using both data sets, the intergrain strains and deformations were quantified by Digital image correlation, a full field optical measurement technique. The relations between the positions of grains as well as intermetallics compounds, their boundaries and Sn deformation fields were examined.
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Bosch, Juan L., Yuehai Zheng, and Jan Kleissl. "Deriving Cloud Velocity From an Array of Solar Radiation Measurements." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91369.
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Spatio-temporal variability of solar radiation is the main variable affecting the photovoltaic power feed-in to the grid. Clouds are the main source of such variability and their velocity is a principal input to most short-term forecast models. The main goal in this study is to estimate cloud speed using radio-metric data using measurements from 8 sensors located at the UC San Diego Solar Energy test bed. Two different methods were developed to estimate the cloud speed based on the correlation between the signals from different sensors. Our analysis showed good agreement between both methods. Additional measurements from nearby METAR and radiosonde stations also show comparable results. Both methods require high variability in the input radiation.
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Alabdulkarem, Abdullah, Jan Muehlbauer, Yunho Hwang, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Self-Sufficient Photovoltaic Powered Chiller for Dairy Applications." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49027.
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Milk spoilage is a common issue in remote dairy farms due to the unavailability of power grid. Many farmers rely on diesel engines to power their milk chillers. A sustainable approach is to replace the environmentally harmful diesel generators with solar powered chillers. Solar energy is attractive in such application because the peak cooling demand occurs at the peak solar irradiance. Solar energy can be converted to cooling through PV powered chiller or through thermally driven chillers. This concept was applied to a Modular Solar Bulk Milk Chiller (MilkPod™) which uses the solar energy to generate electricity in 6 kWp PV panels. The system cools 600 liters of milk per day as well as produces hot water for cleaning the milk tank. A detailed model was used in the design process and the system equipment were selected such that the system uses about 98% of its energy from the sun throughout the year. The effect of the solar energy utilization ratio, equipment supplied current as well as milk loading were investigated on the system performance.
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Colautti, Viviana. "Procesos de transformación urbana en la ciudad de Córdoba." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5866.
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Esta investigación se enmarca en el capítulo dedicado al problema de estudio y la metodología abordada en el
trabajo de Tesis Doctoral (ETSAB/FAUD-UNC), “El orden desconcertado. Tensión entre el soporte físico y
cuadrícula. Modelos de organización durante las transformaciones urbanas en la ciudad de Córdoba entre los
siglos XIX y XX”. Centramos el estudio en la interpretación de los procesos de transformación en la ciudad de
Córdoba. Ponemos el acento en la interrelación entre el orden de la cuadrícula como instrumento organizador
del proceso urbanizador, el soporte físico que la contiene y su resultante en los intersticios urbanos singulares
que conforman la estructura interna de la ciudad. En este segmento de la investigación el problema de estudio
es develar, desde la lectura de la forma urbana, los resultados de las diversas estrategias contradictorias
ensayadas en la ciudad de Córdoba, como son la expansión, la densificación y la centralización. Dichas
acciones desplegadas en el territorio urbano son generadoras de intersticios o vacíos urbanos singulares,
fragmentos desconectados y desprovistos de planificación específica. This research is part of Chapter V of the Doctoral Thesis (ETSAB), on the theme: "The order baffled. Tension between hardware and grid. Organizational models for urban change in the city of Cordoba between the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries. "The study focused on the interpretation of the transformation processes in the city of Cordoba during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We emphasize the interaction between the order of the grid as a tool organizer urbanizing process, the hardware that contains it and resulting in unique
urban interstices that comprise the internal structure of the city. The problem studied in this segment of the research is revealing since reading urban form, the results of the various contradictory strategies tested in the city of Córdoba, as the expansion, densification and centralization. Actions taken in the urban and generating empty urban spaces, disconnected fragments and devo
id of specific planning. In this segment of the research, the study problem is to uncover, from the reading of the urban form, the results of the various contradictory
strategies tested in the city of Córdoba, such as expansion, densification and centralization. Such actions
deployed in the urban are generating unique urban spaces or empty, devoid disconnected fragments and specific planning.
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Polvani, R. S., and C. J. Evans. "Electrical Assisted Grinding of Precision Glass and Ceramic Parts." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.wb2.
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We are developing better ways of making precision glass and ceramic parts. Two recent parts are subsurface damage free SiN MOR bars and RBSiC aspheric optics. If, in the past, we relied on resinoid bonded super abrasives; our focus now is on metal bonded wheels. Already, our experience demonstrates their promise - much better figured and finished parts, and a hazard. The performance is tied to stringent preparation beforehand and in-process dressing to insure free cutting. We grind using a modified Blanchard; the spindle is tilted off axis by 1 degree. The 4 inch cup wheels run up to 6000 SFM. We found less than 0.2 micrometer total axial runout to be a working requirement. Further, the wheels - without appropriate dressing - quickly clog or load with debris. Free cutting requires continuous dressing.
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Arun Deo, Karthik, Raymond-Noel Kono, Chongyang Cai, Junbo Yang, Yangyang Lai, and Seungbae Park. "A Study on Parameters That Impact the Thermal Fatigue Life of BGA Solder Joints." In ASME 2022 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2022-97253.
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Abstract Estimation of the thermal fatigue life of solder joints and identification of parameters that enhance the fatigue life are important steps in the development stage of BGA packages. In this study, different parameters of Sn-Ag-Cu 305 BGA (Ball Grid Array) solder balls are investigated to understand their impact on the number of cycles to failure under thermal fatigue life tests. Initially, accelerated thermal cycling fatigue tests on two electronic packages were conducted by three different vendors and it was observed that the results were significantly different. The first part of this study dwells into understanding the influence of parameters such as the solder mask design; SMD and NSMD, the variation in the solder ball geometry, copper pad thickness and diameter and material properties of the PCB on the accelerated thermal cycling performance of the BGA packages. The later part deals with understanding the root cause for the variation in the estimated life of two BGA packages by the three different vendors.
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Gillis, Jay C., Benoit P. Belley, and Martin Romero. "A CFX Simulation of the OECD/NEA T-Junction Benchmark." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97292.
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In response to a solicitation for Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations of flow in a T-junction from the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA) [1], Structural Integrity (SI) Associates of San Jose, CA, USA has completed a simulation using the commercially available CFD code ANSYS-CFX. The simulation was carried out for geometry and flow conditions matching an experiment underway at Vattenfall Research and Development in Sweden where two streams of differing temperature mix in a T-junction. The benchmark was to be a blind test of CFD simulations. Experimental results were not released until after benchmark participants submitted the results of their simulation to the OECD/NEA. The CFD simulation done by SI was carried out on an all hexahedral mesh of 1,881,504 elements generated using the ANSYS Mechanical Finite Element program. The mesh was then transferred into the CFX program and, after applying proper boundary conditions, a time-dependent simulation was done using the Large Scale Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model [2] with Wall Adjusting Local Eddy Viscosity (WALE) sub-grid scale (SGS) turbulence model [2, 3]. Comparisons of the CFD results to the Vattenfall data show close correspondence for mean and root-mean-square (rms) turbulent temperature fluctuations.
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Nagah, Mostafa, and Mohamed Shaaban. "A Transactive Energy Microgrid Model using Blockchains." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.31.
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The price of technology used in the production of renewable energy (RE) has come down significantly, and end users' roles have shifted from that of simple energy consumers to that of active participants in the creation of their energy. This new function is known as a prosumer, and it has led to the change in electricity markets by enabling prosumers to resell energy excess to electricity suppliers and other prosumers. As a result, there is a need for a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading network that makes use of the Ethereum blockchain and a smart contract mechanism to operate as an interface between prosumers and consumers. This paper develops a microgrid model incorporating Blockchain technology to simulate peer-to-peer energy transactions. In the simulation setup, solar panels are employed as the primary source of electrical energy. In addition, energy storage batteries when the sun sets, complement the energy provided by the solar PV in the simulation developed. Furthermore, an automated bidding system to facilitate energy transactions is implemented. The bidding system consists of a full interface that shows houses supply, demand, batteries, and the bid on the energy. The simulation is carried out for 20 days, with 15 houses connected to the grid. Full transaction simulation resulted in peak prices that were more than 25 percent lower than real-life energy tariff coming from the electric utility company.
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Gao, Lei, Yunho Hwang, and Gyeong Sung Kim. "Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Solar MVC Desalination System." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86212.
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Globally, about 10% of the world population does not have access to enough fresh water. In many hot-and-dry coastal regions and islands, the desalination of seawater might be the only practical option to have a fresh water supply. Therefore, low-cost desalination system is critical for freshwater demands. To address this issue, a desalination system consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) and mechanical vapor compression subsystem is proposed in this study. The entire desalination system was modeled and designed to produce 10,000 m3 of fresh water per day at the coast of San Francisco, California. Key components such as water vapor compressor, solar PV panel, and three-stream heat recovery unit were designed, and their performances were analyzed. The effects of design variables and operating conditions on the system performance were investigated through a parametric study. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted and compared with current desalination technologies. The analysis results show that the specific power consumption of desalination system can reach 14.4 kWh/m3 when the evaporation temperature is 70°C. It is found that the evaporating temperature has a great influence on the heat pump system efficiency and evaporator design. The levelized cost of the proposed system is $0.76 per m3 of fresh water which is lower than current grid-powered vapor compression desalination system and other thermal desalination systems. The proposed solar PV driven desalination improves thermoeconomics of desalination system by applying low-lift operating condition to the vapor compression cycle so that it can contribute to solving the fresh water supply challenges.