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Academic literature on the topic 'Symptons of dementia in elderly'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Symptons of dementia in elderly"

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Prescop, Krista L., Hiroko H. Dodge, Richard K. Morycz, Richard M. Schulz, and Mary Ganguli. "Elders With Dementia Living in the Community With and Without Caregivers: An Epidemiological Study." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299005803.

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Background: Previous studies of dementia and family caregiving have focused on individuals seeking diagnosis and treatment, and have rarely been conducted in representative community samples. Identifying demented individuals participating in a community survey, we determined (a) the factors associated with demented elderly living alone; (b) the factors associated with the demented elderly having caregivers; (c) the factors associated with increased levels of burden among caregivers of persons with dementia. Population and Methods: During an epidemiological survey of a mostly rural U.S. community, the authors identified 116 noninstitutionalized elderly individuals with dementia. These individuals were classified into those living alone and those living with others; both groups were further classified into those with an without identifiable family caregivers. Characteristics of both caregivers and care recipients were examined. Results: Approximately a third of the subjects with dementia lived alone, and only half of them had caregivers. The average age of the caregivers was 67.4 years, and 73% of them were women. Almost half of the caregivers were spouses, whereas almost a third were offspring, of the demented individuals. Over two thirds of caregivers lived with the subjects. Female caregivers were significantly younger than male caregivers. Multivariate analyses revealed that subjects with dementia who were living alone were independently and significantly more likely to be women and to have dementias of shorter duration, lesser severity, and lesser functional impairment than those living with others. Demented subjects with caregivers were more likely to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current cognitive and behavioral symptoms than those without caregivers. Demented subjects whose caregivers reported higher levels of burden were more likely to be women and to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current symptoms than those whose caregivers had no/minimal burden. Conclusions: These results draw attention to the problems of persons with dementia living alone, particularly those without caregivers. Our data also provide epidemiological confirmation of previous clinical/volunteer studies of dementia caregiving, as well as a preliminary assessment of need in the community at large. Living arrangements and caregiver issues should be taken into account when planning services for the elderly.
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Malikal Balqis, Ummi, and Junaiti Sahar. "Pengalaman Lansia dengan Demensia Ringan-Sedang Dalam Melakukan Komunikasi dengan Pelaku Rawat: Systematic Review." Jurnal Endurance 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i2.4046.

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<p><em>Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive abilities that characterized by memory loss that affects everyday abilities. One of the most common problems in elderly with dementia is communication problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the experience of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating with caregivers. This article uses the systematic review method to all selected articles. Through this systematic review approach, six selected themes in phenomenology journals explain that elderly with mild-moderate dementia can describe the symptoms of dementia experienced, feelings of loss and stress caused of dementia, negative stigma towards elderly dementia, loss of control and desire to make their own decisions, and problems in interpersonal relationships. The ability of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating their experiences when interacting with caregivers can be a consideration for caregivers in making decisions related to the condition of their experience in elderly with dementia</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Demensia merupakan penurunan secara progresif pada kemampuan kognitif yang ditandai dengan </em><em>kehilangan memori yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sehari-hari. Salah satu masalah yang cukup dominan dirasa pada lansia demensia yaitu masalah di dalam komunikasi. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat pengalaman lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat. </em><em>Artikel ini menggunakan metode penulisan systematic review </em><em>terhadap artikel terpilih. Melalui pendekatan systematic review ini, enam</em><em> jurnal fenomenologi terpilih menyebutkan bahwa </em><em>tema-tema yang muncul saat lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat</em><em>, diantaranya lansia mampu untuk menceritakan gejala demensia yang dialami, perasaan kehilangan dan tertekan, stigma negatif orang lain, kehilangan kendali dan keinginan untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri, serta masalah di dalam hubungan interpersonal</em><em>. Kemampuan lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam mengungkapkan pengalamannya ketika berinteraksi dengan pelaku rawat dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pelaku rawat dalam menentukan keputusan pemberian pelayanan berkaitan dengan kondisi demensia yang dialaminya</em></p>
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Pessotti, Carla Fabiana Carletti, Lineu Corrêa Fonseca, Gloria Maria de Almeida Souza Tedrus, and Diana Tosello Laloni. "Family caregivers of elderly with dementia Relationship between religiosity, resilience, quality of life and burden." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 4 (December 2018): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-040011.

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ABSTRACT There are gaps in knowledge regarding how the family caregiver deals with the burden of caring for elderly people with dementia. Objective: To evaluate the family caregivers’ perception of quality of life (QoL), burden, resilience and religiosity and relate them with cognitive aspects and occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms of elderly with dementia. Methods: Data from the QoL-AD scale, caregivers’ version, burden interview, resilience scale, Beck depression inventory and PDUREL of 50 family caregivers were correlated with disability assessment for dementia, neuropsychiatric inventory and clinical aspects of 50 elderly with dementia. Results: Linear regression showed that resilience is related with better perceived QoL (p<0.001), severity of dementia (p=0.008), higher intrinsic religiosity (IR) (p=0.044) and lower occurrence of depressive symptoms (p=0.001). Increased burden of family caregivers was associated with a higher occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, education of the elder with dementia, and worse perceived QoL (p<0.001). Lower level of organizational religiosity was associated with severity of dementia. Conclusion: The most resilient caregivers had higher QoL and IR, fewer depressive symptoms, and cared for elders with more severe dementia. Cognitive and sociodemographic aspects, as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms, in the elderly with dementia were associated with QoL and greater caregiver burden.
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Cravello, Luca, Katie Palmer, Giovanni de Girolamo, Carlo Caltagirone, and Gianfranco Spalletta. "Neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes in institutionalized elderly people without dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (August 3, 2010): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001304.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Neuropsychiatric disorders are mainly studied in people with dementia but estimates are still not available for institutionalized elderly people without dementia. The aim of this work was to investigate neuropsychiatric syndromes in non-demented elderly people living in residential facilities (RFs).Methods: Data from the PROGRES-Older people project, including 95 RFs in Italy, were analyzed. From a total of 1215 people, 252 without dementia were recruited. Behavioral syndromes were identified using both factor and cluster analysis of results from the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with behavioral syndromes. Global cognitive functioning was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Current pharmacological treatments were taken from the residents’ records.Results: Five neuropsychiatric syndromes were identified: (1) Affective (depression, anxiety, night-time behaviors); (2) Hyperactive (agitation, irritability, appetite abnormalities); (3) Psychotic (delusions and hallucinations); (4) Manic (euphoria and disinhibition); (5) Apathetic (apathy and aberrant motor behavior). The risk of having a neuropsychiatric syndrome was higher in people with younger age (OR: 5.1, 1.3–20.0), higher education (OR: 7.3, 2.4–22.1), and low MMSE score (OR: 6.5, 1.9–22.2). Almost half of people with behavioral syndromes were not undergoing psychotropic treatment. Hypnotic and anxiolytic agents were the most frequently used drugs for most of the syndromes.Conclusions: Older people without dementia living in RFs exhibit a syndrome pattern of neuropsychiatric behaviors different from those observed in patients with dementia, which are associated with cognitive and sociodemographic characteristics. A large proportion of non-demented older people with neuropsychiatric syndromes are not having adequate treatment for their psychiatric disturbances.
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Kolykhalov, I. V. "Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Antipsychotic Therapy in the Elderly Patients with Dementia." Psikhiatriya 18, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-4-6-15.

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The objective of the study was to investigate syndromal-nosological specificities of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the frequency of use of antipsychotics in patients with various types of dementias, institutionalized to geriatric units of mental hospitals.Patients and methods: a total of 106 in-patients of three psychogeriatric units were examined. The median age of patients is 75 years [69; 80].The diagnostic distribution of patients at the time of the examination was as follows: in 33 subjects (31.1%) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was diagnosed, in 25 (23.6%) - mixed dementia (MD), in 32 (30.2%) - vascular dementia (VD) and in 16 (15.1%) patients had dementia of complex origin (DCO).Results: a high incidence (54.7%) of NPS was found in patients with dementia of various origins. The greatest number of patients with behavioral and psychotic symptoms was found in AD and MD. The proportion of dementia patients with such disorders in each of these types of dementia is about 70%, while in CGD and VD, the proportion of patients with NPS is noticeably smaller (30% and 40%, respectively). For the treatment of NPS, antipsychotics were most often prescribed, but their use caused adverse events (AEs) in 1/3 of cases. Patients with VD are most susceptible to the development of AE, and AD patients are the least susceptible.Conclusion: the study showed that NPS are one of the important components of dementia, regardless of the nosology and stage of the disease. The treatment of NPS in dementia is particularly challenging because, although the symptoms cause significant distress, there are currently no effective alternative therapies. The risk of AE can be minimized by carefully considering the indications for prescribing antipsychotics and their short-term use, regular monitoring of the patient’s condition, and educating caregivers.
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Finkel, Sanford I. "New Focus on Behavioral and Psychological Signs and Symptoms of Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003360.

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The conceptualization of an international consensus conference for the purpose of beginning to establish an operational definition for “behavioral disturbances of dementia” was born at the 7th International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) Congress in Sydney, Australia, in November 1995. At that time, a special symposium on “research methodological issues in evaluating behavioral disorders of dementia” took place. From the high level of interest and attendance, it was clear that this matter was a source of great attention and concern by clinicians and researchers working with demented elderly. Although we have been aware that patients with dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), manifest psychotic, depressive, and behavioral symptoms over the course of the illness, such symptoms until recently have elicited little interest or research support. Further, research was hampered by the absence of viable measurements and scales developed for this specific population. In addition, rigorous clinical trials were rare and virtually nonexistent in those with moderate and advanced dementias. Prior to 1992, only seven randomly assigned, double-blind trials in this population had been published, only one in a nursing home setting.
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Ferreira, Amanda Cristina de Souza, Ariely Aurélio Silva, Lorrane Rodrigues Paiva, Corina Satler, and Maysa Luchesi Cera. "Intensive naming training for low-educated demented and non-demented elderly." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040011.

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ABSTRACT. Complaints about naming difficulties may be common in the elderly. In dementia, anomia is the most frequent symptom of language disorders. Naming training can improve lexical access and promote better quality of communication for elderly with or without dementia. Objective: To analyze naming scores, response time and the generalization of responses for naming of neurotypical and demented low-educated older adults before and after receiving a naming training program, with and without oral comprehension stimulation. Method: Twenty elderly participants, 10 with dementia and 10 neurotypical, were included after interview, screening for cognition and functionality. The naming training was based on retrieval practice and carried out in 5 sessions. Half of the group underwent exclusive naming training, while the other half received naming training associated with oral comprehension stimulation. Results: Elderly people with dementia performed better after training for scores on oral naming and comprehension of oral words, except for object manipulation. The response time for naming trained and untrained stimuli was also better for elderly people with dementia. After the intervention, neurotypical individuals performed statistically better in comprehension time and in the score in oral naming, comprehension of oral words and object manipulation, for trained and untrained words. Conclusion: Naming training, exclusive or associated with oral comprehension, using the recovery technique benefits the language performance of neurotypical and demented elderly, and provides improvements even for untrained stimuli.
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Verhey, Frans R. J., and Pieter Jelle Visser. "Phenomenology of Depression in Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006906.

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Dementia and depression are the two most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Although dementia has traditionally been viewed as a disorder of cognition, and depression as a disorder of mood, this simple classification has recently been questioned, and the complex interrelationship between depression and dementia is being elucidated (Emery & Oxman, 1992; Raskind, 1998). Patients with depression may show cognitive deficits, simulating dementia (Berrios, 1989), and patients with dementing disorders may show symptoms of depression (Allen & Burns, 1995; Burns, 1991). In addition, depression may precede dementia and represent the very first signs of dementing illness, or may be a risk factor for subsequent dementia.
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Sá Esteves, P., D. Loureiro, E. Albuquerque, F. Vieira, L. Lagarto, S. Neves, and J. Cerejeira. "Dementia in acutely-ill medical elderly patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.429.

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IntroductionDementia is one of the leading causes of disability and burden in Western countries. In Portugal, there is a lack of data regarding dementia prevalence in hospitalized elderly patients and factors associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes of these patients.ObjectivesDetermine dementia prevalence in acutely-ill medical hospitalized elderly patients and its impact in health outcomes.MethodsAll male patients (> 65 years) admitted to a medical ward (> 48 h) between 1.03.2015 to 31.08.2015 were included in the study. Patients were excluded if unable to be assessed due to sensorial deficits, communication problems or severity of the acute medical condition. Baseline evaluation included socio-demographic variables, RASS, NPI, Barthel Index and Confusion Assessment Method.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 270 male subjects with a mean age of 80.9 years, 116 (43%) having prior dementia. Dementia patients were significantly older (83.5 vs 78.9; P < 0.001) and had lower values of Barthel Index (dementia: 34.8 vs non-dementia: 85.8; P < 0.001). Mortality rate (9,3%) and length of hospitalization (11.2 days) were similar between groups (12.1 vs 7.1; P = 0.204 and 11.9 vs 10.6; P = 0.218, respectively). Patients with dementia had higher rates of all neuropsychiatric symptoms except depression, anxiety and mood elation. The level of consciousness (measured by RASS) was impaired in 50% of patients with dementia, which was significantly higher than in non-demented subjects (12.3%; P < 0.001). Delirium rates were 29.5% in dementia compared with 7.1% in controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of dementia and an appreciable rate of delirium among these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gorzoni, Milton Luiz, Renato Moraes Alves Fabbri, and Sueli Luciano Pires. "Senile dementia and pharmacological drugs." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, no. 2 (June 2013): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70200007.

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ABSTRACT Side effects and drug interactions are common in the elderly and highly relevant in the demented, being routinely confused with symptoms of cognitive impairment. Which drugs are most consumed by this patient group? Do prescription patterns differ between the demented and non-demented? Objective: To define drug consumption quantitatively and qualitatively in demented (D) and non-demented (ND) elderly. Methods: Patients were divided into men and women, by age group (<80 and ≥80 years), non-demented and demented status, and consumers of ≤3 or >3 drugs. As a criterion comparing groups, the Chi-square (Fisher's exact) test was employed. This study is part of Project No. 405/10 approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: The sample had a mean age of 81.5±8.8 years, 29 D (21 women and 8 men) and 21 ND (16 women and 5 men), 12 consumers of up to three drugs (7 D and 5 ND) and 38 consumers of 3 medications or more (22 D and 16 ND). The most used drugs among dementia patients were aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and vitamins. Drugs most consumed by non-demented included vitamins, aspirin, calcium carbonate, proton pump inhibitors, statins and alendronate sodium. There was no statistical significance on any of the comparisons, although the number of elderly consumers of vitamins in the ND had a p-value of 0.06 (Yates). Conclusion: The elderly in this series, regardless of dementia status, gender or age group, had similar drug consumption patterns and used multiple drugs simultaneously.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Symptons of dementia in elderly"

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Andersson, Frida. "Dementia; common cause of suicide among elderly?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7164.

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Elderly committing suicide can be in a “preclinical phase” of dementia. Depressive symptoms may indicate a risk to develop a disease of dementia, for example Alzheimer’s Disease. Today almost 10% of the Swedish population older than 65 years suffer from a cognitive impairment diagnosed as dementia. Symptoms of dementia are associated with degenerative changes in the brain caused by a deposition of amyloid, leading among others things to a nerve cell death. A clinical diagnosis can be hard to set, and a definitive diagnose can only be set after a pathological examination, which only is possible after death. For this study we used Congo red staining of brains sections to find amyloid in autopsies from elderly people committing suicide. 35 cases (>60 year) were studied. Of the 35 cases 1/3 showed to be positive for amyloid deposition. This result in addition to other studies suggest that depressive symptoms is a “preclinical phase” of dementia, and therefore the suicide risk for this group must be consider to be elevated. However, more reliable prospective studies most be done to confirm this retrospective study.

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Yolpant, Wichiya. "Resourcefulness, Compassion Fatigue, and Depressive Symptoms in Thai Caregivers of Elders with Dementia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1548436077662017.

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Coon, Sharon K. "An investigation of two groups of registered nurses comparing attitudes toward the elderly and the ability to differentiate signs, symptoms and interventions with dementia and depression in the elderly." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845954.

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The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of nurses's attitudes towards the elderly and the knowledge base of the nurses as to signs, symptoms and interventions with depression and dementia in the elderly. The theoretical framework for this study was Oren's (1985) self-care deficit theory. Attitude was measured using the Koan Attitude Toward Old People Scale (Koan, 1961) and knowledge was measured using a scale developed by (Myton, Allen, and Baldwin, 1991).The population studied was registered nurses working at these state hospitals in a midwestern state and agency nurses from four agencies that provide staff coverage at these hospitals. The convenience sample consisted of state nurses (n=65) and agency nurses (n=38). A cover letter explaining confidentiality and voluntary participation was attached to each survey. Completion of the survey constituted consent to participate in the study. There were no identified risks related to participation in the study.The study did not identify significant differences between groups in any of the variables involving attitude toward the elderly, ability to differentiate signs, symptoms, and interventions for dementia and depression in the elderly. Both groups were able to correctly identify signs, symptoms and interventions for dementia and depression about one-half the time. The treatment modalities are different for dementia and depression. The problem is significant because if signs, symptoms and interventions are not identified correctly the patient will not be assisted toward recovery and self-care may decrease. The recommendation for increased inservice education on gerontological nursing are applicable to both groups.
School of Nursing
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O'Donnell, Rose Marie Minna, and Rose Marie Minna O'Donnell. "Pilot RCT of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Versus Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to Reduce Symptoms of Distress Among Elderly Dementia Caregivers: Results at One Year Post-Intervention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625444.

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Providing care for a frail older adult who is suffering from dementia has been described as a stressful experience that may erode psychological well-being and physical health of caregivers. The burden and stress is increased when the caregivers are themselves elderly. The present study investigated an 8-week stress-reduction program, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and compared it to a similarly structured, alternative behavioral intervention, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), to determine if MBSR was as effective or more effective than PMR at reducing subjective burden, symptoms of depression, perceived loneliness or perceived stress among middle-aged and older family caregivers of persons with dementia and other neurocognitive disorders. Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either MBSR or PMR. Self-report and biological measures were collected on five occasions: At the beginning and end of intervention training, and at 8 weeks, 6 months and 1 year following the end of intervention training. In addition to a packet of self-report questionnaires and home-collected salivary cortisol, a laboratory controlled emotional stress test was designed to elicit an emotionally stressful response relevant to caregivers’ experience of caregiving, and facilitate the measurement of stress-related changes in systolic blood pressure and cortisol reactivity. At 1 year post-intervention, the PMR group showed a significantly greater reduction in perceived stress and disruptive patient behaviors. A reduction in emotional reactivity to patient problem behaviors approached significance (p = .08) at 1 year post-intervention for the PMR group. The MBSR group showed significantly greater reductions in self-reported symptoms of depression and perceived isolation from pre- to post-intervention, and those changes remained significant at 8 weeks post-intervention. However, by 1 year post-intervention, interaction effects were non-significant as both groups showed similar decreases in symptoms of depression and perceived isolation. Both groups showed similar decreases in diurnal cortisol, cortisol awakening response, and daily average cortisol (but not laboratory cortisol) from pre- to post-intervention and further decreases at 8 weeks post-intervention, and showed similar reductions in magnitude of change by 1 year post-intervention. This pattern was similar for both groups with systolic blood pressure, showing decreases from pre- to post-intervention, additional decreases at 8 weeks post-intervention, and returning towards baseline by 1 year post-intervention. Both groups also reported similar increases in levels of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion and similar improvement in overall sleep quality that was sustained at 1 year post-intervention. No changes were seen for perceived burden or loneliness. Significant correlations with amount of daily practice of the instructed stress-reduction approaches were observed for several of the dependent measures from pre- to post-intervention and 8 weeks post-intervention. From pre-intervention to 1 year post-intervention, an overall pattern emerged, where both groups showed similar improvements from pre- to post-intervention, and additional improvements at 8 weeks post-intervention, but displayed a curvilinear reduction in improvements—with some exceptions—and a return towards baseline at 6 months and 1 year post-intervention. In general, reductions in the magnitude of changes observed by 1 year post-intervention remained below baseline levels. Results suggest that both MBSR and relaxation-based interventions may be differentially effective in reducing psychological and physiological indices of chronic stress among older caregivers of relatives with neurocognitive disorders. However, further research, employing wait-list control participants, will be necessary for unambiguous interpretation of the present results.
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O'Donnell, Rose Marie Roisin. "Pilot RCT of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Versus Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to Reduce Symptoms of Distress Among Elderly Dementia Caregivers| Results at One Year Post-Intervention." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10277682.

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Providing care for a frail older adult who is suffering from dementia has been described as a stressful experience that may erode psychological well-being and physical health of caregivers. The burden and stress is increased when the caregivers are themselves elderly. The present study investigated an 8-week stress-reduction program, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and compared it to a similarly structured, alternative behavioral intervention, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), to determine if MBSR was as effective or more effective than PMR at reducing subjective burden, symptoms of depression, perceived loneliness or perceived stress among middle-aged and older family caregivers of persons with dementia and other neurocognitive disorders. Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either MBSR or PMR. Self-report and biological measures were collected on five occasions: At the beginning and end of intervention training, and at 8 weeks, 6 months and 1 year following the end of intervention training. In addition to a packet of self-report questionnaires and home-collected salivary cortisol, a laboratory controlled emotional stress test was designed to elicit an emotionally stressful response relevant to caregivers’ experience of caregiving, and facilitate the measurement of stress-related changes in systolic blood pressure and cortisol reactivity. At 1 year post-intervention, the PMR group showed a significantly greater reduction in perceived stress and disruptive patient behaviors. A reduction in emotional reactivity to patient problem behaviors approached significance (p = .08) at 1 year post-intervention for the PMR group. The MBSR group showed significantly greater reductions in self-reported symptoms of depression and perceived isolation from pre- to post-intervention, and those changes remained significant at 8 weeks post-intervention. However, by 1 year post-intervention, interaction effects were non-significant as both groups showed similar decreases in symptoms of depression and perceived isolation. Both groups showed similar decreases in diurnal cortisol, cortisol awakening response, and daily average cortisol (but not laboratory cortisol) from pre- to post-intervention and further decreases at 8 weeks post-intervention, and showed similar reductions in magnitude of change by 1 year post-intervention. This pattern was similar for both groups with systolic blood pressure, showing decreases from pre- to post-intervention, additional decreases at 8 weeks post-intervention, and returning towards baseline by 1 year post-intervention. Both groups also reported similar increases in levels of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion and similar improvement in overall sleep quality that was sustained at 1 year post-intervention. No changes were seen for perceived burden or loneliness. Significant correlations with amount of daily practice of the instructed stress-reduction approaches were observed for several of the dependent measures from pre- to post-intervention and 8 weeks post-intervention. From pre-intervention to 1 year post-intervention, an overall pattern emerged, where both groups showed similar improvements from pre- to post-intervention, and additional improvements at 8 weeks post-intervention, but displayed a curvilinear reduction in improvements—with some exceptions—and a return towards baseline at 6 months and 1 year post-intervention. In general, reductions in the magnitude of changes observed by 1 year post-intervention remained below baseline levels. Results suggest that both MBSR and relaxation-based interventions may be differentially effective in reducing psychological and physiological indices of chronic stress among older caregivers of relatives with neurocognitive disorders. However, further research, employing wait-list control participants, will be necessary for unambiguous interpretation of the present results.

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Carvalho, Maria Cristina Guapindaia. "A experiência do cuidar: o (des) amparo do cuidador familiar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12601.

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This study aims to characterize the family caregivers of dependent elder people, and to identify the presence of stress, strain and / or minor psychiatric symptoms in these individuals. Additionally, the study examines the relationship between stress and mental distress with social-demographic factors related to the caring activity. This is a cross-sectional and prospective study conducted from July to December 2009, which evaluated 69 caregivers of dependent elder people treated at the Clinic of Geriatrics, Hospital do Servidor Publico Municipal (Municipal Hospital of Civil Servants). By means of structured interview, we applied a questionnaire to characterize the caregivers and the patients, the Zarit stress scale, the SRQ-20 mental distress scale and the Hamilton-21 Depression Scale. The results showed that the investigated caregivers, during the research, were in average 58.72 years old, with 89.86% of them being women, 52.17% being daughters and 36.23% being wives. They were taking care of the patient for 4 years and six months, in average. It was found that 85% of them haven t any social support and 75.36% of them did not receive any help whatsoever from other family members. Regarding to the level of stress, 44.93% of the caregivers presented a moderated level and 34.78% presented levels varying from moderate to severe. Regarding the presence of minor psychiatric symptoms, 68.12% presented mental disorders and all of them were classified as bearers of mild depression, in the Hamilton-21 scale. Regarding to the use of drugs, 34.78% reported the use of antidepressants and 7.25% reported the use of anxiolytics. Regarding to the variables associated to stress, it was found that the dependence of the patient, his/her persistent behavior and the use of antidepressants by the caregiver increased the estimation of stress. It also was found that when the prior relationship between caregiver and the dependent elder person was considered as good, the stress levels were lower, and if the previous relationship was considered poor, the stress increased. With respect to mental suffering, when the dependency factor was perceived as a major disturbance, the chances of presentation of minor psychiatric symptoms by the caregiver were nine times higher. The data show the great demand in the caring activities, the overhead inherent to this task and the stress that it can cause, with consequences for the mental health of the caregiver and the quality of care provided
Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os cuidadores familiares de idosos com dependência, bem como identificar a presença de estresse, sobrecarga e/ou sintomas psiquiátricos menores nesses indivíduos. Além disso, analisa-se a relação do estresse e do sofrimento mental com variáveis sociodemográficas e fatores relacionados à tarefa de cuidar. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e prospectivo, realizado no período de julho a dezembro de 2009, sendo avaliados 69 cuidadores de idosos dependentes atendidos na Clínica de Geriatria do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal. Por meio de uma entrevista estruturada, aplicou-se um questionário de caracterização do cuidador e do paciente, a escala de estresse de Zarit, a escala SRQ-20 de sofrimento mental e a escala de depressão Hamilton-21. Os resultados evidenciaram que os cuidadores investigados, quando da realização da pesquisa, tinham em média 58,72 anos de idade, sendo 89,86% mulheres, 52,17% filhas e 36,23% esposas. Cuidavam do familiar em média há 4 anos e seis meses. Verificou-se que 85% não contavam com nenhum suporte social e 75,36% não recebiam nenhuma ajuda dos outros familiares. Em relação ao nível de estresse, 44,93% dos cuidadores apresentaram níveis moderados e 34,78%, níveis de moderado a severo. No que diz respeito à presença de sintomas psiquiátricos menores, 68,12% apresentaram sofrimento mental e todos pontuaram como depressão leve na escala Hamilton-21. Sobre a utilização de medicamentos, 34,78% relataram usar antidepressivos e 7,25%, ansiolíticos. Quanto às variáveis associadas ao estresse, constatou-se que a dependência do paciente, seu comportamento perseverativo e o uso de antidepressivos pelo cuidador aumentavam a estimativa de estresse. Também se verificou que, quando a relação prévia entre cuidador e idoso dependente era considerada boa, o nível de estresse se mostrava menor, e, se a relação prévia era considerada ruim, o estresse aumentava. Com relação ao sofrimento mental, quando o fator dependência era entendido como incômodo maior, a chance de o cuidador apresentar sintomas psiquiátricos menores era nove vezes maior. Os dados mostram a grande demanda na atividade de cuidar, a sobrecarga inerente a essa tarefa e o estresse que acarreta, com consequências para a saúde mental do cuidador e a qualidade do cuidado prestado
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Larcombe, Julie Eileen. "Care for the elderly." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272569.

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Billioti, de Gage Sophie. "Benzodiazepines and risk of dementia in the elderly." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0106/document.

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Ce travail porte sur l’étude du risque de démence chez les personnes âgées ayant consommé des benzodiazépines. Ces médicaments méritent une attention particulière du fait de (i) leur utilisation trop systématique et le plus souvent chronique contrairement aux recommandations préconisant des durées d’utilisation courtes (ii) leurs effets délétères sur la cognition demeurant mal évalués à long terme. La plupart des études conduites sur ce sujet ont conclu à une augmentation du risque de démence chez les sujets ayant utilisé des benzodiazépines. Un biais protopathique pouvait cependant, en partie du moins, avoir expliqué ces résultats : la prescription de benzodiazépines pouvait avoir été motivée par des prodromes souvent observés au cours des années précédant le diagnostic de la maladie. Afin de mieux prendre en considération ce biais, le projet BENZODEM a utilisé les ressources de la cohorte PAQUID (3777 sujets ≥ 65 ans tirés au sort sur les listes électorales de Dordogne et Gironde bénéficiant d’un suivi de plus de 20 ans). Ce projet, combinant deux études de cohorte et une étude cas-­‐témoins, a conclu à un risque de démence augmenté de 46 à 62% chez les utilisateurs de benzodiazépines et retardé de 5 à 15 ans par rapport à l’initiation du traitement. La seconde partie du programme (BENZODEM2) a consisté en une étude cas-­‐témoins conduite sur un large échantillon de sujets de plus de 65 ans enregistrés sur la base de données de la Régie de l’Assurance Maladie du Québec (RAMQ). Ce programme a permis (1) de valider les précédents résultats (risque augmenté de 30 à 80% en fonction de la dose, la durée du traitement et la nature des molécules) (2) d’identifier les profils de consommation associés à un excès de risque : consommateurs de plus de 3 mois avec une relation dose-­‐effet marquée et molécules à longue demi-­‐ vie d’élimination. Des explorations complémentaires ont permis de conclure que cet excès de risque n’était pas expliqué par une mortalité différentielle entre groupes comparés ni par la prescription d’autres médicaments psychotropes. Une autre étude menée sur PAQUID montrait une absence de différence entre consommateurs et non consommateurs de benzodiazépines vis-­‐à-­‐vis de l’évolution des scores mesurant les fonctions cognitives. Ces résultats ont permis d’émettre des hypothèses concernant le mécanisme de l’association entre utilisation de benzodiazépines et démence: (1) les benzodiazépines pourraient constituer des marqueurs précoces de la maladie ; (2) les benzodiazépines pourraient aussi diminuer les capacités de recours à la réserve cognitive en réponses aux lésions précoces de la maladie au stade préclinique ; (3) il est aussi possible que ces deux explications soient combinées
This work deals with the risk of dementia in elderly individuals who have used benzodiazepines. These drugs deserve particular attention because (i) their use appears to be too systematic and most often chronic despite good practice guidelines recommending short durations of use (ii) their deleterious effects on cognition remain underevaluated for the long-­‐term. Most of the studies conducted concluded that there was an increased risk of dementia among benzodiazepine users. In fact, a protopathic bias could, at least in part, have explained these results. Indeed, the prescription of benzodiazepines could have been motivated by the prodromes often observed several years before the clinical diagnosis of a dementia. With the aim of better controlling for this bias, the BENZODEM project used the resources of the PAQUID cohort (3777 subjects ≥65 years randomly sampled from electoral lists in South-­‐West France, with a 20-­‐ year follow-­‐up). This project combined two cohort studies and one case-­‐control. These studies concluded in a risk of dementia increased by 46 to 62% in benzodiazepine users and delayed by 5 to 15 years after treatment initiation. The second part of the programme (BENZODEM2) consisted of a case-­‐control study conducted in a large sample of subjects >65 years registered in the Quebec Health care database (Régie de l’Assurance Maladie du Québec, RAMQ). It was thus possible(1) to validate the previous results by using a different population (the risk was found to be increased by 30 to 80% depending on the patterns of use regarding dose, duration and type of molecule), (2) to identify the patterns of use which appeared to be at risk; excess risk was only apparent for uses of more than three months with a marked dose-­‐effect relationship, and was higher for molecules with a long elimination half-­‐life. Complementary explorations using the PAQUID cohort indicated that the excess risk in exposed was not explained by a differential mortality rate between the groups compared. Other studies suggested that the link found remained independently of the prescription of other psychotropics. Another analysis in the PAQUID cohort showed that, in the absence of dementia, no difference was observed between benzodiazepine users and non-­‐users with regards to the evolution of scores evaluating cognitive functions. These results led to several assumptions about the putative mechanism explaining the relationship found between benzodiazepine use and dementia: (1) benzodiazepines could be early markers of symptoms such as anxiety, depression or insomnia, which are potential prodromes or risk factors for this disease, (2) these drugs could also reduce the ability to use cognitive reserve in order to cope with early lesions of the disease during the preclinical stage, (3) the association found could also result from these two mechanisms
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Harlin, Frida. "Potentially Inappropriate Medications- among elderly diagnosed with dementia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-169962.

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Guest, Diana Ruth. "Affect, dementia, and occupational engagement among the institutionalized elderly." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ30687.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Symptons of dementia in elderly"

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Holden, Una P. Reality orientation: Psychological approaches to the "confused" elderly. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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American Association of Homes for the Aging. and Ontario Association of Homes for the Aged., eds. Guide to caring for the mentally impaired elderly. Washington, D.C: American Association of Homes for the Aging, 1985.

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Holden, Una P. Looking at confusion: A handbook for those working with the elderly. Bicester: Winslow Press, 1987.

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Green, William. Buildings for the neighbourhood care of elderly people with dementia. (London): Help the Aged, 1989.

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Joan, Langan. Personal finances, elderly people with dementia and the 'new' community care. Kidlington: Anchor Housing Association, 1995.

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Calkins, Margaret P. Design for dementia: Planning environments for the elderly and the confused. Owings Mills, Md: National Health Pub., 1988.

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Manfred, Bergener, Belmaker Robert H, and Tropper Meinhardt S, eds. Psychopharmacotherapy for the elderly: Research and clinical implications. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1993.

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D, Taira Ellen, ed. The Mentally impaired elderly: Strategies and interventions to maintain function. New York: Haworth Press, 1991.

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Every waking moment. Stuttgart: bThieme, 2013.

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Buchanan, Allen E. Surrogate decisionmaking for elderly individuals who are incompetent or of questionable competence. [Washington, D.C.?: The Office, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Symptons of dementia in elderly"

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Gray, Barbara, and Bernard Isaacs. "The Symptoms of Brain Failure (Dementia)." In Care of the Elderly Mentally Infirm, 16–29. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284505-3.

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McKeith, I. G., E. K. Perry, R. H. Perry, C. Ballard, P. G. Ince, A. F. Fairbairn, and J. A. Edwardson. "Management of Noncognitive Symptoms in Dementia with Lewy Bodies." In Mental Disorders in the Elderly: New Therapeutic Approaches, 71–75. Basel: KARGER, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000061366.

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Schwarz, Stefan, and Lutz Frölich. "Dementia." In Drug Therapy for the Elderly, 179–96. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0912-0_15.

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Jolley, David. "Dementia." In Health Care of the Elderly, 71–88. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284918-7.

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Sheetal, S., and Robert Mathew. "Dementia Among Elderly." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_112-1.

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Tout, Ken. "New perceptions of dementia." In Elderly Care, 205–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4509-9_32.

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Mills, Marie. "Hidden wealth within dementia." In Elderly Care, 211–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4509-9_33.

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Hasegawa, K., and Y. Imai. "Psychogeriatric Services to Demented Elderly in Japan." In Dementia, 601–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_36.

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Serrador, Jorge M., William P. Milberg, and Lewis A. Lipsitz. "Cerebral Hemodynamics in the Elderly." In Vascular Dementia, 75–86. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-824-2:075.

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Yoon, Sook Kyung, and Peggy Y. Kim. "The Elderly with Dementia." In Guide to the Inpatient Pain Consult, 213–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40449-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Symptons of dementia in elderly"

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Garcia, Ana Carolina Pereira, Alice Campos Meneses, Ana Karolinne Cruz Cavalcante, Caroline Rodrigues de Morais, Gabriel Dias Henz, Gabriela Rodrigues Pessôa, and Liana Lisboa Fernandez. "Consequences of isolation in elderly with and without dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.642.

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Background: Elderly patients with and without dementia are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 infection due to their disease status, age and comorbidities, needing to face measures of social restrictions. However, it is known that social isolation is a risk factor for decline of cognitive functions. Objectives: Gather information about consequences of isolation in elderly patients with and without dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Narrative literature review through active search for publications on the topic on the PubMed platform, resulting in 17 articles for evaluation. Results: Apathy has shown to be the most common neuropsychiatric symptom of social isolation in the elderly, followed by irritability, agitation, aggression and depression. In institutionalized patients with dementia, there was an increased burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms by 60%, the main symptoms being anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, behavior aberrant motor and changes in appetite. In addition, limitation of outdoor activity and absence of direct social contact required an increased dosage of antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers. In a sample of individuals with mild cognitive decline, had decreased physical activity, reduced adherence to Mediterranean diet, and more than 35% had weight gain. Conclusions: Isolation has mental, physical and social consequences for the elderly with and without dementia, enhancing their fragility and vulnerability. Hence, it is necessary a follow up by the health system and family members, as well as the development of strategies to minimize such losses.
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Santos, Priscila, Daniel Godoy Pinto, Jussara Alves Celestino, and Marina Cisoto. "MentalPlus® as a Tool for Early Detection of Dementias." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.355.

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Introduction: The research’s objective is to identify early signs and symptoms of dementia through the MentalPlus® game. Dementias is a Neurocognitive Major Disorder, and as a diagnostic criterion, it is impaired in the areas of intricate attention, executive function, learning, memory, language, perceptomotor or social cognition. Method: MentalPlus® was created for timely evaluation and cognitive rehabilitation, considering the various diseases that cause cognitive dysfunction, such as dementia, heart problems, organic disorders, among others, in addition to surgical interventions and external factors. This instrument used to evaluate postoperative cognitive dysfunctions, which often affect elderly patients, confirms the validity and accessibility of the MentalPlus application. Results: Table 1 shows that the elderly in the group tested had statistically lower education than the control group (p < 0.001). Table 2 shows that for all domains of MentalPlus , on the hits part, the tested elderly group showed statistically lower values than the control group (p < 0.05), except only in the executive function (p = 0.231) and selective attention (p = 0.057), errors were also statistically higher in the elderly tested for almost all domains (p < 0.05), except in short-term memory (p = 0.206) and long-term memory (p = 0.179). At the same time, omissions were statistically higher in the elderly tested for all MP domains (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MentalPlus® identifies early signs of dementia in older people and is useful for the evaluator and the target audience, as it provides reliable data in a considerably short time.
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Nakayama, Minoru, Wioletta Nowak, and Anna Zarowska. "Detecting Symptoms of Dementia in Elderly Persons using Features of Pupil Light Reflex." In 17th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2022f17.

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Font, M. Miarons, S. Marín Rubio, L. Pérez Cordón, FJ Barón Fernández, C. Agustí Maragall, and L. Rofes Salsench. "5PSQ-087 Evidence and decision algorithm for the withdrawal of antipsychotic treatment in the elderly with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms." In Abstract Book, 23rd EAHP Congress, 21st–23rd March 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-eahpconf.441.

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Silva, Letícia Freitas de Castro, Elisa Pinheiro Weber, Gleice Silva Toledo, and Josiane Fonseca Almeida. "New pharmacological strategies for the treatment of alzheimer’s disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.097.

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Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is seen as the most important dementia, prevalent in the elderly over 60 years old. There is still no cure, and the pharmacological strategies are to delay the symptoms and development of the pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms are: hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein and aggregation of amyloid-β. Update studies of the tested therapies target the main pathological mechanisms: accumulation of β amyloid (inhibitors and modulators of β-secretase and γ-secretase and active and passive anti-Aβ immunotherapies), tau protein (inhibition of abnormal hyperphosphorylation with GSK-3 inhibitors, passive and active immunotherapies and the use of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and correction of the ApoE protein (increase lipidation, correct structure, clearance of non-lipid ApoE and reduction of ApoE expression). Objectives and methodology: To develop a bibliographic review in order to address new drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s. Qualitative and descriptive study carried out by literary review with research on PubMed. Results: Several drugs have been tested in clinical trials, however, due to lack of effectiveness, none have been approved. Therefore, it’s important to understand the limitations of the tests developed as flaws in the methodology, insufficient understanding of the mechanisms involved and inclusion of patients in different stages of AD, so that future investigations can overcome these gaps. Conclusion: It’s important to investigate new pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the factors that trigger AD. Diagnosis is essential, with further studies to identify new biomarkers of the disease that will also have an impact on the conduct of clinical trials.
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Pui-Yuk King, Alex, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Ethnographic Study of Living Alone Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002048.

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1. IntroductionA report by the United Nations has revealed the number of older adults in the world is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030, and this number is expected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2050. This development will place enormous pressure on current healthcare and social protection systems. If life expectancy continues to rise while fertility constantly declines over many years. the ageing of the population will continue to throughout the world. The gigantic numbers of elderly people will place significant pressure on current systems of social protection and global health care. By 2024, it is expected to have nearly 400,000 people over the age of 80 in Hong Kong —a 24.8% increase over the figure recorded in 2014. 2. Problem StatementLike in other Asian cities, the population of Hong Kong exhibits a continuous ageing trend.The change in the population structure will need an improved housing policy and health care system and infrastructure in order to tackle these resulting social problems. The more older adults are living in the city, the greater the numbers of people who are living with dementia. 3. Older Adults Living with Mild Cognitive ImpairmentDementia is characterised by the loss of mental abilities,and by further degeneration over time.This condition is not inevitable, as the hallmark symptoms of cognitive deterioration are not considered to be a normal part of ageing. It is a typical biomedical disease that might appear when the brain is affected by some specific diseases, such as a series of small strokes damage the brain and cause confusion, speech problems and progressive loss of memory and cognition. This gradual decline in cognitive functions causes people to need extra support for daily living. A person who is having slightly problems with planning, reasoning and also remembering may be classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4. Universal DesignUD (universal design) is classified as the practice of making things in ways that involve almost no extra cost, but offer attractive yet functional styles that are fulfilling all people, regardless of each individual’s ability or disability. UD addresses the complete span of functionality through making each element and space accessible to its deepest extent by careful planning at all different stages of a project. 5. Participant Observation An interpretive approach is adopted as a research paradigm for understanding the meanings that human beings attach to their experiences. For this study, a centre manager of the well-established Yan Oi Tong Elderly Community Centre recruited three older adults to participate for nine months. These people were living with MCI in a rural district. Prior to this study, these three elders engaged in a participative design workshop that was organised by the same researcher. The workshop had two sessions, and explored the participants’ latent needs concerning home decoration and product design for public housing.Observational visits were conducted with each participant every two weeks for a nine-month period. The participants are referred to as CH, CP and SK, and they were aged between 79 and 85 years old.6. DiscussionTheme 1: Fear of being alone.The participants described their experiences of facing loneliness. Although they felt that their memories were getting worse, they could still express how loneliness was one of the most difficult challenges that they had to face day-by-day. SK said that ‘I want to do my preferred activities,and don’t want to stay at home all the time!’ Theme 2: Recognition of incompetence.The older persons suffering from MCI believed that they were, to varying degrees, incompetent in dealing with day-to-day activities. As CP explained, ‘I have become useless and cannot remember things recently…’ Theme 3: Lack of neighbourhood spirit. For older people living alone in public housing, neighbours become the most reliable people after their families. Older participants reported that they commonly displaced their house keys due to their gradual memory loss. They had to make duplicate front door keys, and gave them to neighbours who they trusted.To deal with such problems, a product design or system could be pre-installed in housing facilities that would enable better communication or connection between neighbours, and allow older residents to become closer to others.7. ConclusionThis ethnographic study has investigated the latent, unfulfilled needs of older persons living with MCI. Building rapport with these older participants was an important step at the beginning of the study.This finding of “Fear of being alone”, “Lack of neighbourhood spirit”also revealed that regular visits by community centre staff and local social workers should be organised to provide older community members and stakeholders with more attention regarding their day-to-day activities and their relations to society as a whole in order to eliminate “Recognition of incompetence”.
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Sakai, Yoichi, Yuuko Nonaka, Kiyoshi Yasuda, and Yukiko I. Nakano. "Listener agent for elderly people with dementia." In the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2157689.2157754.

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Gu, Jing, Yu Zhang, and Jun Hu. "Lighting and Sound Installation for Elderly with Dementia." In 2013 International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/culturecomputing.2013.50.

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Makohin, Olesia, and Marta Kozak. "Prevention of elderly dementia by social work methods." In SOCIOLOGY – SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE – REGULATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/sswswproceedings-2020.ommk.

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Aung Aung Phyo Wai, Foo Siang Fook, Maniyeri Jayachandran, Zheng Song, Jit Biswas, Chris Nugent, Maurice Mulvenna, Jer-En Lee, and Lin Kiat Philip Yap. "Smart wireless continence management system for elderly with dementia." In 2008 10th International Conference on e-health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2008.4600105.

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