Journal articles: 'Sympathovagal balance'

1

Eckberg, Dwain L. "Sympathovagal Balance." Circulation 96, no. 9 (November 4, 1997): 3224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.96.9.3224.

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Sleight, Peter, and Luciano Bernardi. "Sympathovagal Balance." Circulation 98, no. 23 (December 8, 1998): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.23.2640.

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Prakash, E. S. "‘Sympathovagal balance from heart rate variability: an obituary’, but what is sympathovagal balance?" Experimental Physiology 97, no. 10 (September 28, 2012): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067322.

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Malik, Marek. "Sympathovagal Balance: A Critical Appraisal." Circulation 98, no. 23 (December 8, 1998): 2643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.23.2643.

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Petelenz, M., M. Gonciarz, P. Macfarlane, R. Rudner, P. Kawecki, J. Musialik, P. Jalowiecki, and Z. Gonciarz. "Sympathovagal Balance Fluctuates During Colonoscopy." Endoscopy 36, no. 6 (June 2004): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-814402.

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Lafitte, Melvyn J., Orin R. Sauvageot, Marion Fevre-Genoulaz, and Marc Zimmermann. "Towards assessing the sympathovagal balance." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 44, no. 8 (July 4, 2006): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0053-1.

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Goldberger, Jeffrey J. "Sympathovagal balance: how should we measure it?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): H1273—H1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.4.h1273.

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There are complex interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system inputs to the sinus node. The concept of “sympathovagal balance” reflects the autonomic state resulting from the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. Despite widespread usage of a variety of heart rate (HR) variability parameters as indexes of sympathovagal balance, no index has been validated as a measure of sympathovagal balance. This study evaluated the utility of HR, HR variability, and a new parameter termed the vagal-sympathetic effect (VSE) as indexes of sympathovagal balance. The ideal parameter had to satisfy the following criteria: 1) the index should vary similarly among subjects in response to different autonomic conditions; 2) the variability in the index among subjects exposed to the same autonomic conditions should be small; and 3) the response of the index to various autonomic conditions should reflect the underlying changes in physiological state and have a meaningful interpretation. Volunteers [8 men, 6 women; mean age 28.5 ± 4.8 (SD) yr] were evaluated for the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation and blockade on HR and HR variability. VSE was defined as the ratio of the R-R interval to the intrinsic R-R interval. VSE and R-R interval consistently changed in the expected directions with parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation and blockade. A general linearized model was used to evaluate the response of each parameter. VSE and R-R interval had r 2 values of 0.847 and 0.852, respectively. Natural logarithm of the low-frequency power had an r 2value of 0.781 with lower r 2 values for all the other HR variability parameters. The coefficient of variation was also lowest for each condition tested for the VSE and the R-R interval. VSE and R-R interval best satisfy the criteria for the ideal index of sympathovagal balance. Because it is impractical under most conditions to measure the VSE as the index of sympathovagal balance, the most suitable index is the R-R interval.

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Goldstein, Brahm. "On the importance of sympathovagal balance." Critical Care Medicine 29, no. 7 (July 2001): 1483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200107000-00035.

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Strigo, Irina A., and Arthur D. (Bud) Craig. "Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1708 (November 19, 2016): 20160010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0010.

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We briefly review the evidence for distinct neuroanatomical substrates that underlie interoception in humans, and we explain how they substantialize feelings from the body (in the insular cortex) that are conjoined with homeostatic motivations that guide adaptive behaviours (in the cingulate cortex). This hierarchical sensorimotor architecture coincides with the limbic cortical architecture that underlies emotions, and thus we regard interoceptive feelings and their conjoint motivations as homeostatic emotions . We describe how bivalent feelings, emotions and sympathovagal balance can be organized and regulated efficiently in the bicameral forebrain as asymmetric positive/negative, approach/avoidance and parasympathetic/sympathetic components. We provide original evidence supporting this organization from studies of cardiorespiratory vagal activity in monkeys and functional imaging studies in healthy humans showing activation modulated by paced breathing and passively viewed emotional images. The neuroanatomical architecture of interoception provides deep insight into the functional organization of all emotional feelings and behaviours in humans. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

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Carpenter, Rosann J., James Dillard, Adrienne S. Zion, Gregory J. Gates, Matthew N. Bartels, John A. Downey, and Ronald E. De Meersman. "The Acute Effects of Acupuncture Upon Autonomic Balance in Healthy Subjects." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 38, no. 05 (January 2010): 839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x10008287.

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Restoration of the sympathovagal (S/V) balance, involving a lowering of sympathetic and/or an augmentation of vagal modulation or a combination of both is associated with improvements in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To determine whether acupuncture exerts a favorable influence upon resting blood pressure and sympathovagal balance, a single-blind cross-over investigation was used to study the acute effects of acupuncture on S/V balance in normal healthy subjects. The ANOVA revealed a significant lowering of the sympathovagal balance (LF:HF) during rest for the acupuncture treatment from pre (4 ± 2 nu) to post (2.2 ± 1.8 nu)(p < 0.05). No such change was seen during sham treatment. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in systolic blood pressures during rest (114 ± 4 vs. 108 ± 3 mmHg) for the acupuncture treatment (p < 0.05). No significance was found during the sham treatment. The ANOVA failed to reveal any significant improvements in sympathovagal balance during the sustained isometric contraction. The clinical significance of these findings appears to suggest that acupuncture treatment might be beneficial in lowering blood pressure at rest. Furthermore, the lowering of the blood pressure might be in part due to a lowering of the sympathovagal balance. These findings are of importance since acupuncture treatments are non-pharmacological and have no known detrimental side-effects. This investigation employed healthy volunteers, yet acupuncture has been found to have more potent effects in animal models of hypertension and or in the presence of an autonomic imbalance.

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DELLA POZZA, Robert, Arne KLEINMANN, Susanne BECHTOLD, and Heinrich NETZ. "Calculating sympathovagal balance from heart rate variability." Acta Cardiologica 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ac.61.3.2014833.

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Petelenz, Musialik, Besser, Gonciarz, Sosnowski, Czyż, Wilk, Petelenz, and Gonciarz. "Cardiac Sympathovagal Balance During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography." Endoscopy 32, no. 9 (September 2000): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-9022.

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Fleisher, Lee A., Steven M. Frank, Yoram Shir, Marcus Estafanous, Susan Kelly, and Srinivasa N. Raja. "Cardiac Sympathovagal Balance and Peripheral Sympathetic Vasoconstriction." Anesthesia & Analgesia 79, no. 1 (July 1994): 165???171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199407000-00031.

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14

Leong, K., P. Mann, M. Wallymahmed, P. Weston, I. MacFarlane, and J. Wilding. "Sympathovagal Balance in Growth Hormone Deficient Patients." Clinical Science 97, s41 (July 1, 1999): 6P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs097006pa.

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15

Trinder, John. "Cardiac Activity and Sympathovagal Balance During Sleep." Sleep Medicine Clinics 2, no. 2 (June 2007): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.04.001.

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Trinder, John. "Cardiac Activity and Sympathovagal Balance During Sleep." Sleep Medicine Clinics 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2012.06.012.

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17

Vanninen, E., A. Tuunainen, M. Kansanen, M. Uusitupa, and E. Länsimies. "Cardiac sympathovagal balance during sleep apnea episodes." Clinical Physiology 16, no. 3 (May 1996): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097x.1996.tb00569.x.

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18

Burggraaf, J., J. H. M. Tulen, S. Lalezari, R. C. Schoemaker, P. H. E. M. De Meyer, A. E. Meinders, A. F. Cohen, and H. Pijl. "Sympathovagal imbalance in hyperthyroidism." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): E190—E195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.1.e190.

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We assessed sympathovagal balance in thyrotoxicosis. Fourteen patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism were studied before and after 7 days of treatment with propranolol (40 mg 3 times a day) and in the euthyroid state. Data were compared with those obtained in a group of age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls. Autonomic inputs to the heart were assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Systemic exposure to sympathetic neurohormones was estimated on the basis of 24-h urinary catecholamine excretion. The spectral power in the high-frequency domain was considerably reduced in hyperthyroid patients, indicating diminished vagal inputs to the heart. Increased heart rate and mid-frequency/high-frequency power ratio in the presence of reduced total spectral power and increased urinary catecholamine excretion strongly suggest enhanced sympathetic inputs in thyrotoxicosis. All abnormal features of autonomic balance were completely restored to normal in the euthyroid state. β-Adrenoceptor antagonism reduced heart rate in hyperthyroid patients but did not significantly affect heart rate variability or catecholamine excretion. This is in keeping with the concept of a joint disruption of sympathetic and vagal inputs to the heart underlying changes in heart rate variability. Thus thyrotoxicosis is characterized by profound sympathovagal imbalance, brought about by increased sympathetic activity in the presence of diminished vagal tone.

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To, J., and R. M. Issenman. "Sympathovagal Balance of Pediatric Patients with Cyclic Vomiting." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 27, no. 4 (October 1998): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199810000-00079.

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20

Heathers, James A. J. "Sympathovagal balance from heart rate variability: an obituary." Experimental Physiology 97, no. 4 (April 2012): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063867.

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21

Pliquett, Rainer U., Kurtis G. Cornish, and Irving H. Zucker. "Statin therapy restores sympathovagal balance in experimental heart failure." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 2 (August 2003): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00265.2003.

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Inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase or statins have been shown to alleviate endothelial dysfunction. Their effects on constitutive nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system may hypothetically affect the autonomic balance in sympathoexcitatory states, such as chronic heart failure (CHF). To address this issue, simvastatin (SIM) (0.3, 1.5, or 3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 po) was given to rabbits with pacing-induced CHF over a 3-wk period. Normal and CHF vehicle-treated rabbits served as controls. Autonomic balance was assessed by measuring heart rate variability, including power spectral analysis (PSA). In addition, changes in resting heart rate were assessed before and after vagal and sympathetic autonomic blockade by atropine and metoprolol, respectively. The SD for all intervals was 8.9 ± 0.7 ms in normal, 4.9 ± 0.6 ms in CHF ( P < 0.01), 3.8 ± 0.6 ms in CHF with 0.3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.001), 5.7 ± 0.9 in CHF with 1.5 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.05), and 7.2 ± 0.5 in CHF with 3.0 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM. Similarly, total power was 40.5 ± 6.3 ms2 in normal, 10.1 ± 3.0 ms2 in CHF ( P < 0.01), 6.0 ± 1.6 ms2 in CHF with 0.3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.01), 13.2 ± 3.9 ms2 in CHF with 1.5 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.05), and 22.0 ± 3.0 ms2 in CHF with 3.0 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM. Both PSA data for low (0.625–0.1875 Hz) and high frequencies (0.1875–0.5625 Hz) showed recovery in CHF animals on medium and high SIM doses without changes in the low-to-high-frequency ratio. SIM beneficially affects autonomic tone in CHF as seen by the reversal of depressed HRV and total power of PSA. These data have important implications for the treatment of patients with autonomic imbalance.

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22

Morillo, C. A., G. J. Klein, R. K. Thakur, H. Li, M. Zardini, and R. Yee. "Mechanism of 'inappropriate' sinus tachycardia. Role of sympathovagal balance." Circulation 90, no. 2 (August 1994): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.90.2.873.

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Ahmed, Sheaza, Maryam Safdar, Courtney Morton, Nicolette Soave, Riya Patel, Kenia Castillo, Sophie Lalande, Linda Jimenez, Jason H. Mateika, and Robert Wessells. "Effect of virtual reality-simulated exercise on sympathovagal balance." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): e0235792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235792.

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Adamopoulos, Stamatis, GiuseppeM C. Rosano, Piotr Ponikowski, Elena Cerquetani, Massimo Piepoli, Flevari Panagiota, Peter Collins, Philip Poole-Wilson, Dimitrios Kremastinos, and AndrewJ S. Coats. "Impaired baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal balance in syndrome X." American Journal of Cardiology 82, no. 7 (October 1998): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00493-7.

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Franchi, Franco, Chiara Lazzeri, Giuseppe Barletta, Lucia Ianni, and Massimo Mannelli. "Centrally Mediated Effects of Bromocriptine on Cardiac Sympathovagal Balance." Hypertension 38, no. 1 (July 2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.38.1.123.

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Janssen, Marc J. A., Johan de Bie, Cees A. Swenne, and Jan Oudhof. "Supine and standing sympathovagal balance in athletes and controls." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 67, no. 2 (August 1993): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00376661.

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Metcalf, Cameron S., Przemyslaw B. Radwanski, and Steven L. Bealer. "Status epilepticus produces chronic alterations in cardiac sympathovagal balance." Epilepsia 50, no. 4 (April 2009): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01764.x.

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Yang, Albert C., Tai-Jui Chen, Shih-Jen Tsai, Chen-Jee Hong, Chung-Hsun Kuo, Cheng-Hung Yang, and Ko-Pei Kao. "BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters sympathovagal balance in healthy subjects." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 9999B (2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.31069.

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Porta, Alberto, Tomaso Gnecchi-Ruscone, Eleonora Tobaldini, Stefano Guzzetti, Raffaello Furlan, and Nicola Montano. "Progressive decrease of heart period variability entropy-based complexity during graded head-up tilt." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (October 2007): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00293.2007.

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Complexity (or its opposite, regularity) of heart period variability has been related to age and disease but never linked to a progressive shift of the sympathovagal balance. We compare several well established estimates of complexity of heart period variability based on entropy rates [i.e., approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), and correct conditional entropy (CCE)] during an experimental protocol known to produce a gradual shift of the sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal (i.e., the graded head-up tilt test). Complexity analysis was carried out in 17 healthy subjects over short heart period variability series (∼250 cardiac beats) derived from ECG recordings during head-up tilt with table inclination randomly chosen inside the set {0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90}. We found that 1) ApEn does not change significantly during the protocol; 2) all indices measuring complexity based on entropy rates, including ad hoc corrections of the bias arising from their evaluation over short data sequences (i.e., corrected ApEn, SampEn, CCE), evidence a progressive decrease of complexity as a function of the tilt table inclination, thus indicating that complexity is under control of the autonomic nervous system; 3) corrected ApEn, SampEn, and CCE provide global indices that can be helpful to monitor sympathovagal balance.

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Gratadour, P., J. P. Viale, J. Parlow, P. Sagnard, H. Counioux, G. Bagou, G. Annat, R. Hughson, and L. Quintin. "Sympathovagal Effects of Spinal Anesthesia Assessed by the Spontaneous Cardiac Baroreflex." Anesthesiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199712000-00015.

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Background The changes in sympathovagal balance induced by spinal anesthesia remain controversial. The spontaneous baroreflex method allows the continuous assessment of the spontaneous engagement of the cardiac baroreflex, giving an index of sympathovagal balance. The purpose of this study was to follow the effects of spinal anesthesia on spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. Methods Continuous electrocardiogram and noninvasive blood pressure were recorded in 24 patients scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair and randomly assigned to three groups: (1) no volume loading, (2) volume loading of 15 ml/kg lactated Ringer's solution, and (3) continuous infusion of etilefrine (an ephedrine-like drug). Each patient was studied before, during, and after bupivacaine-induced spinal anesthesia (mean sensory block: T4). Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and parameters of time-domain analysis of heart rate variability were calculated from 30 min of recording of each period. Results No significant change in spontaneous baroreflex slope or parameters of time-domain analysis were observed after regional anesthesia in any group. However, three patients experienced episodes of bradycardia and hypotension in the absence of a high block; these three patients showed an increase in spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and time-domain parameters. Conclusions Using a noninvasive, continuous technique to estimate cardiac sympathovagal balance, no significant variation in autonomic balance induced by spinal anesthesia was observed. However, untoward episodes of bradycardia and hypotension occurred in three patients, who could not be prospectively identified by the parameters studied.

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31

Bootsma, M., C. A. Swenne, H. H. Van Bolhuis, P. C. Chang, V. M. Cats, and A. V. Bruschke. "Heart rate and heart rate variability as indexes of sympathovagal balance." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): H1565—H1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.4.h1565.

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According to the Rosenblueth-Simeone model, the heart rate (HR) is proportional to the sympathovagal balance. The individual proportionality constant is the intrinsic heart rate, which can only be determined invasively. The normalized low-frequency heart rate variability power (LF) has been raised as a calibrated noninvasive alternative. To concrete this assumption, we studied the individual LF-HR relation during incremental head-up tilt (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 degrees) in 21 young, healthy males. HR (means +/- SD) increased from 61.0 +/- 9.1 beats/min at 0 degree to 85.9 +/- 18.3 beats/min at 80 degrees. LF increased from 45.8 +/- 16.7 nu at 0 degrees to 79.8 +/- 13.8 nu at 80 degrees (nu meaning normalized units). Individual regressions of LF on HR yielded correlation coefficients of 0.80 +/- 0.13 (means +/- SD). The demonstrated linear relation between LF and HR confirms the potential significance of heart rate variability as a noninvasive means of assessing the sympathovagal balance.

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Malliani, Alberto. "The Pattern of Sympathovagal Balance Explored in the Frequency Domain." Physiology 14, no. 3 (June 1999): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1999.14.3.111.

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In most physiological conditions, sympathetic and vagal activities modulating heart period undergo a reciprocal regulation, leading to the concept of sympathovagal balance. This pattern can be indirectly quantified by computing the spectral powers of the oscillatory components corresponding to respiratory acts (high frequency) and to vasomotor waves (low frequency) present in heart rate variability.

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Kumar, Chintala Kiran CH, Bandi Hari Krishna, and Mallikarjuna N. Reddy. "Modulation of Sympathovagal balance after chandranadi Pranayama in Healthy Volunteers." International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 4, no. 4 (2015): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2015.00154.x.

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Anastassopoulou, A., M. Papavasileiou, M. Seferou, G. Papadimitriou, K. Giannakopoulos, D. Mytas, and S. Karas. "THE ALTERATIONS OF SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: PP.22.377." Journal of Hypertension 28 (June 2010): e359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000379303.75656.3b.

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Ciesielczyk, Katarzyna, Agata Furgała, Łukasz Dobrek, Kajetan Juszczak, and Piotr Thor. "Altered sympathovagal balance and pain hypersensitivity in TNBS-induced colitis." Archives of Medical Science 1 (2017): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2015.55147.

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Lu, C. L., X. P. Zou, W. C. Orr, and J. D. Z. Chen. "Postprandial changes of sympathovagal balance measured by heart rate variability." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)83249-6.

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Chiu, Te-Fa, Chien-Cheng Huang, Jiann-Hwa Chen, and Wei-Lung Chen. "Depressed sympathovagal balance predicts mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 30, no. 5 (June 2012): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.02.037.

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Wong, Alexei, and Arturo Figueroa. "The Effects of Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0418.

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The present study examined the effects of a 12-week low-intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) regimen on heart rate variability, strength, and body composition in obese postmenopausal women. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of either LIRET (n = 10) or nonexercising control group (n = 10). Heart rate variability, leg muscle strength, and body composition were measured before and after 12 weeks. There were significant decreases (p < .05) in sympathovagal balance (LnLF/LnHF) and sympathetic tone (nLF), as well as significant increases (p < .05) in parasympathetic tone (nHF) and strength following LIRET compared with no changes after control. There were no significant changes in body composition after LIRET or control. LIRET may be an effective therapeutic intervention for improving sympathovagal balance and strength in obese postmenopausal women. As obese postmenopausal women are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and physical disability, they could potentially benefit from LIRET.

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ZIMMERMANN, MARC. "Sympathovagal Balance Prior to Onset of Repetitive Monomorphic Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 28, s1 (January 2005): S163—S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00010.x.

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Grimm, D. R., R. E. De Meersman, P. L. Almenoff, A. M. Spungen, and W. A. Bauman. "Sympathovagal balance of the heart in subjects with spinal cord injury." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): H835—H842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.2.h835.

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This study investigated the effect of abnormal autonomic cardiovascular function on heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals classified into four groups: complete quadriplegia, incomplete quadriplegia, low paraplegia, and non-spinal cord injury (SCI) controls. Measurements were collected at baseline and during provocative maneuvers. Spectral analysis using a fast-Fourier transform algorithm revealed two spectral components of HRV, termed low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF); the LF-to-HF ratio (estimate of sympathovagal balance) was also calculated. Each group of subjects with quadriplegia exhibited significantly lower spectral components for both baseline and composite provocative measures compared with the non-SCI controls (P < 0.05). In addition, the group with paraplegia demonstrated significantly lower HF baseline and LF composite levels than controls (P < 0.05). No differences were observed among all groups for the LF-to-HF ratio. This consistency in the LF-to-HF ratio suggests that the two autonomic divisions that regulate the cardiovascular system maintain homeostasis even when one component is severely compromised. This is supported by the additional findings of decreased parasympathetic activity in the two groups with quadriplegia and the absence of significant differences among any of the four groups at rest in either heart rate or blood pressure.

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Floria, Mariana, Oana Bărboi, Mihaela Grecu, Cristina Cijevschi Prelipcean, and Gheorghe Balan. "Atrial fibrillation and sympathovagal balance in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease." Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology 28, no. 2 (March 3, 2017): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2017.16540.

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PIERDOMENICO, S. "Sympathovagal balance in sustained and white coat hypertension of recent onset." American Journal of Hypertension 12, no. 4 (April 1999): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(99)80576-7.

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Pagani, Massimo, Daniela Lucini, and Alberto Porta. "Sympathovagal balance from heart rate variability: time for a second round?" Experimental Physiology 97, no. 10 (September 28, 2012): 1141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066977.

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Martin, Julie, Carmen Paquette, Simon Marceau, Frédéric-Simon Hould, Stéfane Lebel, Serge Simard, Jean-Gaston Dumesnil, and Paul Poirier. "Impact of Orlistat-Induced Weight Loss on Diastolic Function and Heart Rate Variability in Severely Obese Subjects with Diabetes." Journal of Obesity 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/394658.

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Objective. Determine the impact of Orlistat-induced weight loss on metabolic profile and cardiovascular function in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. Twenty-nine patients were randomized either to a nonplacebo control group or to a treatment group with Orlistat thrice a day. Metabolic profile, anthropometric parameters, heart rate variability indices, and echocardiographic variables were measured before and after a 12-week treatment period.Results. Treatment with Orlistat induced a modest but significant weight loss compared to controls (3.7 ± 3.0 versus 0.5 ± 2.2 kg, resp.;P=.003). There was significant decrease in fasting glycemia (7.9 ± 3.0 versus 6.7 ± 2.2 mmol/L;P=.03) and significant improvements in left ventricular diastolic function (P=.03) and in the sympathovagal balance (LF/HF ratio) (P=.04) in the Orlistat group.Conclusion. These results suggest that a modest weight loss improves fasting glycemia, left ventricular diastolic function, and sympathovagal balance in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Durand, Marina T., Christiane Becari, Geisa C. S. V. Tezini, Rubens Fazan, Mauro Oliveira, Silvia Guatimosim, Vania F. Prado, Marco A. M. Prado, and Helio C. Salgado. "Autonomic cardiocirculatory control in mice with reduced expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 4 (August 15, 2015): H655—H662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00114.2015.

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In cardiovascular diseases, sympathetic tone has been comprehensively studied, whereas parasympathetic tone has received minor attention. The vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) knockdown homozygous (VAChT KDHOM) mouse is a useful model for examining the cardiocirculatory sympathovagal balance. Therefore, we investigated whether cholinergic dysfunction caused by reduced VAChT expression could adversely impact hemodynamic parameter [arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR)] daily oscillation, baroreflex sensitivity, hemodynamic variability, sympathovagal balance, and cardiovascular reactivity to restraint stress. Wild-type and VAChT KDHOM mice were anesthetized for telemetry transmitter implantation, and APs and HRs were recorded 10 days after surgical recovery. Changes in HR elicited by methylatropine and propranolol provided the indexes of sympathovagal tone. Cardiovascular reactivity in response to a restraint test was examined 24 h after continuous recordings of AP and HR. VAChT KDHOM mice exhibited reduced parasympathetic and elevated sympathetic tone. Daily oscillations of AP and HR as well as AP variability were similar between groups. Nevertheless, HR variability, patterns with two dissimilar variations from symbolic analysis, and baroreflex sensitivity were reduced in VAChT KDHOM mice. The change in mean AP due to restraint stress was greater in VAChT KDHOM mice, whereas the tachycardic response was not. These findings demonstrate that the cholinergic dysfunction present in the VAChT KDHOM mouse did not adversely impact basal hemodynamic parameters but promoted autonomic imbalance, an attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity, and a greater pressure response to restraint stress. These results provide a framework for understanding how autonomic imbalance impacts cardiovascular function.

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Pollatos, Olga, Beate M. Herbert, Jürgen Füstös, Katja Weimer, Paul Enck, and Stephan Zipfel. "Food Deprivation Sensitizes Pain Perception." Journal of Psychophysiology 26, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000062.

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While food deprivation has known effects on sympathovagal balance, little is known about hunger’s influence on the perception of pain. Since autonomic activities influence many cognitive and emotional processes, this suggests that food deprivation should interact with the perception of pain. This study analyzed the possible effects of short-term food deprivation on pain sensitivity in healthy female participants. This study was comprised of 32 healthy female participants who underwent a 48-hr inpatient hospital investigation. Prior to testing, heart rate and heart rate variability were assessed. After a standardized breakfast, day 1 measurements were taken. Food intake was then not allowed again until the following evening for 22 participants (experimental group), while 12 participants were served standard meals (control group). Pain threshold and tolerance were assessed at 10:00 a.m. on both days using a pressure algometer. Additionally pain experience was examined. Food deprivation significantly reduced pain thresholds and tolerance scores in the experimental group. Additionally, the sympathovagal balance changed, characterized by a decrease in parasympathetic activation. Higher vagal withdrawal after food deprivation was associated with higher pain sensitivity in the experimental group. Furthermore, perceived unpleasantness and pain intensity increased for threshold and tolerance stimuli in the experimental group. We conclude that short-term food deprivation sensitized pain perception in healthy females. An imbalance in sympathovagal activation evoked by food deprivation accounted for this effect. Our results might be a pathogenic mechanism for the development of emotional difficulties associated with disturbed eating behavior.

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Musacchio, Héctor M., Florencia Cogliano, Hugo J. D. Miño, Gonzalo Romagnoli, Florencia Debona, Delfina Godano, and Federico Barbone. "Sympathovagal equilibrium analysis in patients with COVID-19." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 4, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2022.0019.

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Introduction: With the increase of COVID-19 cases, an unusual manifestation for this type of virus began to appear anosmia and dysgeusia, which could indicate a neurologic alteration. In this context, it seems likely that subclinical manifestations of baroreflex involvement occur. The vegetative nervous system carries out the regulation of the baroreflex through the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The objective of this study is to verify whether patients with COVID-19 present alteration of this equilibrium. Material and methods: Patients included had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of JB Iturraspe Hospital. A Holter recording was performed at rest for 5 minutes, determining the variables in the frequency domain using Fourier transform analysis. We excluded patients with diabetes, medicated with drugs that modify heart rate or with a history of irradiation to the neck. Results: 68 patients were studied. The mean age was 49±13 years. The median systolic blood pressure was 120 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure 80 mmHg. The heart rate was 76±13 beats per minute and the median respiratory rate was 24 (16 to 40). Anosmia was observed in 22% and dysgeusia in 19% The variables in the frequency domain were: Low-frequency power (LF) 135.8ms2 (13.7-2861.7); High-frequency power (HF), 89.04ms2 (4.1-5234.4), LFnu 57.5±22.3, HFnu 43.1±22.6. LF:HF 2.1±2. 41.2% of the patients had a high LF:HF. Conclusions: LF and HF components can be obtained through frequency analysis. The relationship between these two elements would thus represent the sympathovagal balance and is expressed as the LF/HF ratio. We observed that 41.2% of the studied patients showed elevated LF/HF ratio. The 41.2% of the patients presented an increased LF:HF ratio, which could be interpreted as an alteration in autonomic function.

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Jakovljevic, Djordje G., Kate Hallsworth, Pawel Zalewski, Christian Thoma, Jacek J. Klawe, Christopher P. Day, Julia Newton, and Michael I. Trenell. "Resistance exercise improves autonomic regulation at rest and haemodynamic response to exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Clinical Science 125, no. 3 (April 12, 2013): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120684.

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Autonomic dysfunction has been reported in patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and is associated with clinical presentations. To date, there are no therapies to improve autonomic regulation in people with NAFLD. The present study defines the impact of a short-term exercise programme on cardiac autonomic and haemodynamic regulation in patients with NAFLD. A total of 17 patients with clinically defined NAFLD [age, 55±12 years; BMI (body mass index), 33±5 kg/m2; liver fat, 17±9%] were randomized to 8 weeks of resistance exercise or a control group to continue standard care. Resting and submaximal exercise (50% of peak oxygen consumption) autonomic and cardiac haemodynamic measures were assessed before and after the intervention. Resistance exercise resulted in a 14% reduction in HR (heart rate) and 7% lower SBP (systolic blood pressure) during submaximal exercise (16 beats/min, P=0.03 and 16 mmHg, P=0.22). Sympathovagal balance, expressed as LF/HF (low-frequency/high-frequency) ratio of the mean HR beat-to-beat (R–R) interval, was reduced by 37% (P=0.26). Similarly sympathovagal balance of DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and SBP variability decreased by 29% (P=0.33) and 19% (P=0.55), respectively in the exercise group only. BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) increased by 31% (P=0.08) following exercise. The mean R–R interval increased by 23% (159 ms, P=0.09). Parasympathetic regulation was decreased by 17% (P=0.05) and overall sympathovagal balance in BP regulation (LF/HF ratio) increased by 26% (P=0.02) following resistance exercise. Resting haemodynamic measures remained similar between groups. Resistance exercise therapy seems to improve autonomic and submaximal exercise haemodynamic regulation in NAFLD. Further studies are required to define its role in clinical management of the condition.

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Giagkoudaki, Fani, Eleftherios Dimitros, Evangelia Kouidi, and Asterios Deligiannis. "Effects of Exercise Training on Heart-Rate-Variability Indices in Individuals With Down Syndrome." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 19, no. 2 (May 2010): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.2.173.

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Objective:To investigate the effects of an exercise-training program on heart-rate-variability (HRV) indices in individuals with Down syndrome (DS).Design:Controlled clinical trial.Participants:10 people with DS, age 24.2 ± 5.1 y (group A), and 10 age-matched healthy sedentary individuals (group B).Method:At baseline all subjects underwent a clinical examination and an ambulatory 24-h Holter monitoring for the evaluation of cardiac autonomic-nervous-system (ANS) activity by time- and frequency-domain analysis.Intervention:After initial evaluation, group A followed a 6-mo exercise-training program and thereafter underwent the same HRV analysis.Results:At the beginning of the study, group A showed a higher LF:HF ratio than group B, indicating impaired sympathovagal balance, likely because of lesser vagal modulation. Moreover, both time- and frequency-domain indices in group A were significantly lower than in group B. At the end of the study, exercise training was found to improve the sympathovagal balance, mainly by increasing vagal activity, in group A.Conclusion:The results indicate that individuals with DS have ANS dysfunction that can be improved by exercise’s increasing the parasympathetic modulation.

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Costoli, Tania, Alessandro Bartolomucci, Gallia Graiani, Donatella Stilli, Giovanni Laviola, and Andrea Sgoifo. "Effects of chronic psychosocial stress on cardiac autonomic responsiveness and myocardial structure in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 6 (June 2004): H2133—H2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00869.2003.

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Repeated single exposures to social stressors induce robust shifts of cardiac sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic dominance both during and after each agonistic interaction. However, little evidence is available regarding possible persistent pathophysiological changes due to chronic social challenge. In this study, male CD-1 mice ( n = 14) were implanted with a radiotelemetry system for electrocardiographic recordings. We assessed the effects of chronic psychosocial stress (15-day sensory contact with a dominant animal and daily 5-min defeat episodes) on 1) sympathovagal responsiveness to each defeat episode, as measured via time-domain indexes of heart rate variability (R-R interval, standard deviation of R-R interval, and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences), 2) circadian rhythmicity of heart rate across the chronic challenge (night phase, day phase, and rhythm amplitude values), and 3) amount of myocardial structural damage (volume fraction, density, and extension of fibrosis). This study indicated that there was habituation of acute cardiac autonomic responsiveness, i.e., the shift of sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic dominance was significantly reduced across repeated defeat episodes. Moreover, animals exhibited significant changes in heart rate rhythmicity, i.e., increments in day and night values and reductions in the rhythm amplitude, but these were limited to the first 5 days of chronic psychosocial stress. The volume fraction of fibrosis was sixfold larger than in control animals, because of the appearance of many microscopic scarrings. In summary, although mice appeared to adapt to chronic psychosocial stress in terms of acute cardiovascular responsiveness and heart rate rhythmicity, structural alterations occurred at the myocardial level.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sympathovagal balance'

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