Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Symbolist painting'

The relationship between Symbolism and Surrealism is well known yet scarcely documented in detail. This thesis aims to address this oversight by exploring the connections between these two movements, specifically through investigating their shared motif of the androgyne. The androgyne embodies the professed aim of each of these groups: the transcendence of the physical in favour of the ephemeral for the Symbolists, and the unification of opposites for the Surrealists. Equally, both movements have an interest in the occult, and the androgyne is a key image within the occult tradition symbolising spiritual unity, dovetailing with the Symbolists’ and the Surrealists’ goals. The androgyne will be analysed firstly within the context of alchemy, surveying the way in which it is portrayed in primary sources, and how this has changed in Symbolist and Surrealist art. It will also be analysed in the contexts of psychoanalysis and gender identity, observing how male and female artists portray the androgyne differently and why. The aim of this thesis is therefore two-fold: firstly, a comparative study of the iconography employed by these connected movements, to original alchemical sources, and also between the male and female artists of these movements. Secondly, it aims to create a more secure basis for the notion of alchemical influence on Symbolism and Surrealism.

Le symbolisme est généralement considéré comme un mouvement littéraire, unifié par le thème du féminin. Or, la peinture occupe elle aussi une place importante dans la constitution du symbolisme et le thème du féminin ne saurait être l’entrée unique pour appréhender ce mouvement. Cette thèse se propose d’interroger les présupposés dominants sur ce mouvement : l’antériorité du symbolisme littéraire sur le symbolisme pictural, l’importance du thème du féminin dans la peinture, le manque voire l’absence des études stylistiques. Le corpus symboliste étant vaste, le peintre Gustave Moreau est érigé en archétype du symbolisme pictural et se pose comme le cas privilégié de cette étude. Les œuvres picturales replacées ici au centre des analyses thématiques, stylistiques et quantitatives, permettent de nuancer d’emblée cette supposée antériorité de la littérature, en montrant que les productions picturales précèdent historiquement d’une triple décennie les productions littéraires. À partir de ce corpus pictural singulier, le thème du féminin est ainsi réinterrogé : ce thème est-il si important dans la production de Gustave Moreau ? Les analyses quantitatives auxquelles est soumis le corpus permettent là encore de nuancer l’idée selon laquelle ce thème serait fondateur dans le symbolisme. Si le thème n’apparaît plus fondamental, la question du style s’impose alors. L’étude stylistique de l’œuvre de Gustave Moreau montre un peintre innovant et singulier, qui sera pourtant effacé – à l’instar des œuvres de manière générale – dans l’historiographie critique du mouvement. L’analyse de la réception critique et de l’historiographie du symbolisme montre ainsi comment les artistes, les œuvres et la stylistique ont été marginalisés au profit d’une pensée littéraire, poétique et philosophique du symbolisme
Symbolism is generally seen as a literary movement, unified by the theme of the feminine. However, painting occupies an important place in the symbolism construction and the theme of the feminine cannot be the only way to question this movement. This thesis proposes to question the dominant assumptions about this movement: the anteriority of literary symbolism over pictorial symbolism, the importance of the feminine theme in painting, the lack or even the absence of stylistic studies. The Symbolist corpus being vast, the painter Gustave Moreau is raised as an archetype of pictorial symbolism and is posed as the privileged case of this study. The thematic, stylistic, and quantitative studies of Gustave Moreau’s pictorial works allow to immediately qualify this supposed anteriority of literature, by showing that pictorial productions historically precede literary productions by three decades. From this singular corpus of paintings, the theme of the feminine is thus re-examined: is this theme dominant in Gustave Moreau's production? Once again, the idea according to which theme of the feminine founded Symbolism is challenged by the quantitative studies made on this corpus. If the theme of the feminine no longer appears fundamental, then the question of style arises. The stylistic study of Gustave Moreau’s work shows an innovative and singular painter, who will nevertheless be erased - like artworks in general - in the critical historiography of the movement. The analysis of the critical reception and historiography of Symbolism thus shows how artists, artworks and stylistics have been marginalized in favor of literary, poetic, and philosophical thought of Symbolism

The Thesis examines the symbolism, and the sources of that symbolism, in the poetry and painting of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Chapter 1 considers the significance of the title of Rossetti's sonnet-sequence The House of Life. Chapter 2 looks at the opening sonnets of that sequence. Chapter 3 scrutinises the sonnet quartet of the Willow-wood sequence. Chapter 4 evaluates the influence of Platonism and Neoplatonism in Rossetti's art. Chapter 5 is concerned with Rossetti's use of allegory. Chapter 6 surveys the influence of Rosicrucianism on Rossetti and his immediate circle of the pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and on the Aesthetic School that succeeded it. This chapter closely examines the symbolic motifs of Rosicrucianism, and how these may be traced in the paintings of these artists. Chapter 7 explores the Rosicrucian influence in Rossetti's poetry. Chapter 8 further traces these influences in Rossetti's painting. Chapter 9 investigates the Goddess figure within Rossetti's later paintings.

Art History
Ph.D.
In Painting in Paris: Vincent Van Gogh, 1886-1888, Christa DiMarco explores the two-year period Van Gogh lived and worked in Paris. The paintings the artist made in The Netherlands, where he lived prior to Paris, and those he produced in Arles, where he moved afterward, usually receive scholarly attention. The imagery from the artist’s time in the capital is generally marginalized. DiMarco considers how and why the artist used a brighter palette and energetic brushwork while painting in Paris. Considering that his artistic practice spanned only a decade from 1880 to 1890, the artist’s time in the capital represents a significant period of growth in terms of his engagement with the art market, his exposure to avant-garde imagery, and his understanding of Symbolist theory in the visual arts. Van Gogh accomplished significant goals in Paris, though some of his well-developed imagery does not necessarily figure into discussions regarding the canonical paintings of the artist’s body of work. Attention to the Paris-period not only locates Van Gogh’s pictorial development within the context of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists, but also establishes the ways in which the artist diverged from the artistic aims of the Parisian avant-garde, such as Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, as he developed his Symbolic approach.
Temple University--Theses

Painters of Christian subjects in the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance developed a complex system of geometry which they used to order the various elements in the image. They did this because they were convinced that the aesthetic dimension of their work resided in the structure of the work. More specifically, the artists of the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance believed that the particular aesthetic experience which geometric compositional structure provides corresponded to Christian mystical experience. Thus a work of art that combined geometric structure, naturalistic style, and Christian imagery could provide an experience analogous to that of Christian revelation. This paper traces the development of this idea from its origin in the Old Testament tradition, its formalization in Greek thought and its full flowering in early Christian painting.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Joseph Peragine, committee chair; Teresa Bramlette-Reeves, Cheryl Goldsleger, committee members. Title from file title page. Electronic text (25 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 14, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 16).

Les études consacrées à la thématique de l’eau sont multiples. Néanmoins, elles concernent le plus souvent un des aspects de la symbolique aquatique et se réfèrent à la littérature d’un seul pays ou même d’un seul auteur. Tenant compte des ouvrages de recherches déjà existants, nous aimerions présenter dans une seule étude la lecture comparatiste des auteurs qui n’ont jamais été réunis dans le contexte de l’imaginaire aquatique. Le choix du domaine polonais et francophone n’est pas contingent. Le modernisme polonais, pour des raisons historiques, surgit un peu plus tard que le symbolisme à l’Ouest de l’Europe. Grâce à ce décalage, il s’inspire d’auteurs tels que Mallarmé, Verlaine, Baudelaire ou Maeterlinck et de peintres tels que Gustave Moreau ou Odilon Redon. L’analyse de ces œuvres nous semble d’autant plus intéressante qu’elle concerne deux langues et deux cultures différentes qui comprennent et expriment le symbole chacune à sa manière.En effectuant une recherche littéraire et linguistique, et en appliquant différentes méthodes d’analyse, nous espérons avoir abouti à une étude approfondie de la création des artistes francophones et polonais qui aidera à mieux connaître leurs mondes imaginaires
There are a lot of studies on the theme of water. However, they usually concern one aspect of aquatic symbolism and refer to the literature of one country or even a single author. Taking into account the existing research, I would like to present in a single study the comparative analysis of authors who have never been gathered in the context of the aquatic imagination.The choice of Polish and French-speaking area is not contingent. Polish modernism, for historical reasons, appeared later that the symbolism in western Europe. With this shift, he was inspired by writers such as Mallarmé, Verlaine, Baudelaire, or Maeterlinck and painters such as Gustave Moreau and Odilon Redon. The analysis of these works seems a lot more interesting as it involves two languages and two cultures that include the symbol and express it in their own way.By searching literature and language, and applying different methods of analysis, I hope to have led to a thorough study of the works of French and Polish artists that will help better understand their imaginary worlds

Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 29 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 11).

The purpose of this thesis was to explore how alchemy has influenced Carlos Estevez’s work through a study of the symbolic repertoire and the philosophical concepts associated with it in his art, particularly how these are expressed in his artworks and how alchemy has evolved thematically in his oeuvre. The study of alchemy influenced this artist so deeply that even pieces that were not primarily inspired by this philosophical system show traces of it, essentially by representing the concept of transformation, crucial to understanding the alchemical process. This thesis is based on Carl Gustav Jung’s idea of metaphysical transformation as one of the main aspects of alchemy, and on his theory of active imagination as a tool to represent thoughts through artworks. Alchemy transformed Estevez’s art, and by extension the way he approaches life, making him conscious of the importance of transmutation and alchemical concepts.

The purpose of this study is to explore the narratives and non-verbal communication of students and teachers in one low socioeconomic status school, with particular reference to the messages that are conveyed about student performance and student aspirations, and student responses to these messages. The validity of these messages is evaluated in relation to the contexts, conditions and interactions within the school. To this end, the study employs conceptual resources drawn from Bourdieu and Lefebvre, especially Bourdieu’s notions of symbolic violence and misrecognition. Data is derived primarily from interviews with teachers and students and from observations within the school. The study finds that students are confronted with several messages of promise and threat at school which link ‘success’ and performance to individual effort and choices. However, such messages ignore the ways in which the contexts and conditions in which schooling takes place impact on student performance and constrain their future opportunities. Even students who have great ambitions, who adopt a positive mind-set and who work hard have to reckon with the realities and narrow possibilities that come from being in an under-resourced school in a poor community. The study suggests that managerialist and meritocratic explanations of student performance, that are currently dominant in South African policy discourse, present too narrow a view of the realities that produce underperformance and that such explanations imply that students and teachers are to blame for disadvantages that are produced by systemic inequalities.

Bibliography: pages 180-207.
Gender studies in various disciplines, particularly anthropology, have shown that the opposition of masculine : feminine is commonly used to structure other cultural contrasts, and that the representation of this opposition in cultural products is in turn implicated in the cultural construction of gender content. This bidirectional problematic, supplementing the more limited critique of gender 'bias' and masculinist models, is the focus of this research into archaeological materials. Rock art is the principal archaeological 'trace' analysed. Because the impetus to gender studies comes principally from the critical standpoint of feminism, analyses of gender and gendering in archaeological materials are evaluated in the context of gender issues in the present day, in terms of archaeological 'reconstructions' as legitimising the existing gender order. Theoretical influences include feminism, hermeneutics, marxism, (post)- structuralism, semiotics, and discourse theory. Aspects of language, and, particularly, the oral narratives of various San groups - the /Xam, G /wi, !Kung, Nharo, and others - are examined in order to establish the way in which masculinity and femininity are/have been conceptualised and differentiated by San peoples. This is followed by an assessment of the manner of and extent to which the masculine: feminine opposition informs narrative content and structure. The analysis of language texts permits an approach to the representation of this opposition in non-language cultural texts (such as visual art, space). Particular constructions of masculinity and femininity, and a number of gendered contrasts (pertaining to form, orientation, time, number, quality) are identified. Gender symbolism is linked to the themes of rain and fertility/ continuity, and analysed in political terms, according to the feminist materialist contention that, in non-class societies, gender opposition is potentially the impetus to social change. Gender(ing) is more fundamental to San cultural texts than has been, recognised, being present in a range of beliefs which are linked by their gender symbolism. I utilise a 'fertility hypothesis', derived from a reading of the ethnographies, in order to explain various elements of Southern African rock art, Well-preserved (thus relatively recent) paintings, principally from sites in the Drakensberg and south-western Cape, were selected. Features interpreted via this hypothesis include: images of humans, the motif of the thin red line fringed with white dots, 'elephants in boxes', therianthropic figures, and 'androgynous' figures, including the eland. The spatial organisation of the art, the significance of non-realistic perspectives, and the problem of the numerical male dominance of the art are also interpreted from this standpoint. The analysis permits critique, of the theorisation of gender and ideology in rock art studies, and of the biophysical determinism implicit in current rock art studies, in which attempts are made to explain many features of the art by reference to trance states, altered consciousness and neurophysiological constitution. Rain, rather than trance, is proposed as the central element of San ritual/religious practices. Finally, the treatment of (or failure to consider) gender(ing) in the archaeological record is situated in relatio.n to contemporary gender ideologies, in the contexts of archaeological theory and practice.

I approach artmaking with a sense of intrigue, portraying the human condition as seen through my own eyes. The results that surface are female forms combined with subliminal subjective symbolism--a fusion of my personal experiences and influences created through a partially subconscious process. I use this artistic process to help me understand myself and I dare my viewers to seek their own answers within the implied narratives I choose to paint.
M.F.A.
Department of Art
Arts and Humanities
Studio Art and the Computer MFA

Élève de l’École des beaux-arts de Paris, Luc-Olivier Merson obtient en 1869 le premier grand prix de Rome de peinture d’histoire, titre qui lui permet de parfaire sa formation pendant quatre années en Italie. Artiste reconnu de son vivant, Merson expose régulièrement au Salon parisien, avant d’ouvrir l’éventail de son talent à la décoration et à l’illustration. Au-delà de son goût pour la peinture monumentale, il affirme sa dilection pour l’art religieux dont il bouscule les conventions, grâce à des sources iconographiques recherchées et des sujets rares. Entre Académisme et Symbolisme, Merson confirme sa prédisposition pour le dessin, privilégiant la ligne, tout en entretenant un caractère coloriste subtil et recherché. En s’affranchissant de l’influence de son père Olivier Merson, critique d’art, et en dotant ses réalisations d’archaïsme et d’idéalisme, Luc-Olivier Merson est désormais considéré à juste titre comme l’un des précurseurs du Symbolisme. L’étude de la vie et de l’œuvre de Luc-Olivier Merson permet de comprendre les choix esthétiques et les audaces d’un artiste, trop souvent – et hâtivement – qualifié de Pompier par l’historiographie du vingtième siècle
In 1869, when a student at the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris, Luc-Olivier Merson received the Rome Prize in history painting. The award allowed him to complete his training with four years of study in Italy. A well-known artist in his own time, Merson showed regularly at the Paris Salon before broadening the scope of his creative activity to include decorative painting and illustration. Beyond his taste for monumental painting, he evinced a keen interest in religious art, whose conventions he overturned, making use of recondite iconographic sources and unusual subjects. Suspended between Academism and Symbolism, Merson displayed a penchant for drawing, always privileging line, even as he maintained a subtle and refined sense of color. Having emerged from the shadow of his father, the art critic Olivier Merson, and endowed his work with a self-conscious archaism and idealism, Luc-Olivier Merson might justly be classed among the precursors of Symbolism. By studying the life and work of Merson, we may come to understand the aesthetic choices and the audacity of an artist too often—and too hastily—termed “Pompier” in twentieth-century art historiography

La figure mythique et légendaire, suggestive, occupe une position centrale dans l’esthétique du symbolisme européen (fin XIXe ̶ début XXe siècle). Cette thèse propose d’en étudier l’émergence et la fonction dans les œuvres de trois éminents représentants : Stéphane Mallarmé (1842–1898 France), William Butler Yeats (1865–1939 Irlande) et Stefan George (1868–1933 Allemagne). Un regard sur la société contemporaine (les arts, les découvertes scientifiques) permet de découvrir la place qui revient au mythe et à la légende. Au-delà des différences, affinités et contacts personnels rapprochent les trois poètes. Deux générations de symbolistes de langue différente se retrouvent dans une même vision de la création poétique. Œuvres poétiques (poésie, prose, théâtre), écrits théoriques, correspondances et entretiens révèlent une approche conjointe de l’image et du mythe : la figure mythique ou légendaire prend forme entre rêve et vision, réminiscence, évocation musicale et symbole littéraire. Du discours sur le mythe se dégage une théorie personnelle. Poésie et drame puisent aux sources hétérogènes des traditions s’enrichissent de philosophie, religion, occultisme, psychologie et vécu intime. La transposition d’art véhicule l’intertexte mythique du sujet pictural ou en sera contaminé, d’où un lien complexe entre texte et peinture (ou sculpture). Explicite dans l’œuvre de jeunesse, la figure mythique ou légendaire subira de multiples métamorphoses : syncrétique, elle fond les versions d’un mythe avec des traditions éloignées, superpose figures et faits mythiques et réels, historiques et contemporains. Implicite, elle est présente sous forme de traces dans l’abstraction du nom commun, pronom, qualificatif ou geste. La richesse des formes d’émergence lui assure son pouvoir d’irradiation. A la flexibilité de forme et contenu correspond la diversité des fonctions : la figure mythique se prête à toute figure stylistique et fonction grammaticale. Elle crée ainsi la cohésion dans l’œuvre et participe intimement à la construction du sens. La contamination atteint l’ensemble de l’œuvre mythopoétique. Autour des figures se forme une constellation d’images qui génère un nouveau mythe anthropocentrique, résumé et dépassement des traditions. D’abord « réservoir d’images » (Yeats) pour des créations futures, l’œuvre des poètes correspond de fait à une tentative bien plus ambitieuse : offrir une réponse à la quête du sens de l’Histoire et de la vie de l’Homme moderne qui ne croit plus en Dieu et dessiner les contours d’une société nouvelle. La figure mythique ou légendaire représente l’élément essentiel de la création poétique
The suggestive mythical and legendary figure holds a central position in the aesthetic of European symbolism at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. This doctoral thesis proposes to study its apparition and function in the works of three distinguished representatives: Stéphane Mallarmé (1842–1898, France), William Butler Yeats (1865–1939, Ireland) and Stefan George (1868–1933, Germany). A look on contemporary society (arts, scientific discoveries) will allow discovering the place due to myth and legend. Beyond their differences, affinities and personal contacts bring these poets closer together. Two generations of symbolists, speaking different languages, join in one and the same view on poetical creation. Poetic works (poetry, prose and theatre), theoretical texts, letters and conversations reveal joint approach to image and myth: the mythical and legendary figure takes shape among dreams and vision, reminiscence, musical evocation and literary symbol. A personal theory emerges from speech on myth. Poetry and drama draw from the heterogeneous sources of various traditions, enriching with philosophy, religion, psychology, occultism and private experience. Transposition of art conveys the mythical text of the painted subject or is contaminated by it. Hence a compound link from text to painting (or sculpture). Explicit in the poet’s early work, mythical and legendary figure will go through multiple metamorphosis: synthetic, it melts the different versions of a myth with traditions from far away, it superimposes mythical figures and facts on others taken from history and contemporary reality. Implicit, it will be present as a trace, a common noun, a pronoun, a qualifying adjective, or a gesture. Great diversity of forms provides him power of radiation. Flexibility of form and content matches with diversity of functions: the mythical figure lends itself to every stylistic figure and grammatical function. This way it creates cohesion within the work and contributes intimately to the construction of sense. Contamination affects all the mythopoetic work. Around these figures a constellation of images forms and produces a new anthropocentric myth, summarizing and going beyond traditions. Hoard of images for future creations in the beginning (Yeats), the poet’s work actually comes up to a bid far more ambitious: give an answer to the quest for sense of history and life of modern man who doesn’t believe in God any more, and draw the outline of a new society. Mythical and legendary figure represent the essential element of poetic creation
Die mythische und legendäre Gestalt nimmt in der Ästhetik des europäischen Symbolismus (Ende des 19. – Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts) eine zentrale Position ein. Diese Doktorarbeit stellt sich zur Aufgabe, ihr Vorkommen und ihre Funktion in den Werken von drei bedeutenden Vertretern zu untersuchen: Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898, Frankreich), William Butler Yeats (1865–1939, Irland), Stefan George (1968-1933, Deutschland). Ein Blick auf die zeitgenössische Gesellschaft (Kunst, wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen) ermöglicht es, herauszustellen, welche Stellung Mythos und Legende zufällt. Über alle Unterschiede hinaus sind sich die drei Dichter durch gemeinsame Interessen und persönliche Kontakte nahe. Symbolisten zweier Generationen und aus verschiedenen Sprachbereichen stimmen miteinander in dergleichen Auffassung von dichterischer Schöpfung überein. Dichterische Werke (Lyrik, Prosa, Theater), theoretische Schriften, Briefwechsel und Unterhaltungen lassen eine miteinander verbundene Betrachtungsweise von Bild und Mythos erkennen: die mythische und legendäre Gestalt nimmt Form an zwischen Traum und Vision, Erinnerung, musikalischer Evokation und literarischem Symbol. Aus der Rede über den Mythos geht eine persönliche Theorie hervor. Lyrik und Drama schöpfen aus den Quellen der heterogenen Traditionen, werden durch Philosophie, Religion, Okkultismus, Psychologie und intime Erfahrung bereichert. Die Übertragung bildender Kunst in Dichtung ("transposition d’art") vermittelt den im Gemälde zugrunde liegenden mythischen Text oder wird von ihm kontaminiert. Dadurch entsteht eine komplexe Beziehung zwischen Text und Malerei (oder Skulptur). Die mythische und legendäre Gestalt, in den Jugendwerken eindeutig erkennbar, erfährt später vielfältige Metamorphosen: synkretistisch verschmilzt sie die Varianten eines Mythos mit entfernten Traditionen, überlagert mythische Gestalten und Ereignisse mit reellen, historischen, zeitgenössischen. Implizit ist sie präsent in Form von Spuren, in der Abstraktion von Nomen, Pronomen, Adjektiv oder in einer Geste. Der große Formenreichtum sichert ihre Ausstrahlungskraft. Der Flexibilität von Form und Inhalt entspricht die Vielfalt der Funktionen: die mythische Gestalt passt sich jeder Stilfigur und jeder grammatischen Funktion an. Sie schafft somit die Geschlossenheit eines Werkes und nimmt im Innersten an der Sinnkonstruktion teil. Die Kontamination greift auf das ganze mythopoetische Werk über. Um die Gestalten herum bildet sich eine Konstellation von Bildern, die einen neuen anthropozentischen Mythos hervorbringt, der die Traditionen zusammenfasst und übertrifft. Zunächst „Bilderreservoir“ (Yeats) für zukünftige dichterische Schöpfungen, verfolgt das Werk der Dichter in Wirklichkeit einen viel ambitiöseren Versuch: auf die Frage nach dem Sinn in der Geschichte und im Leben des modernen Menschen, der nicht mehr an Gott glaubt, eine Antwort geben und die Konturen einer neuen Gesellschaft skizzieren. Die mythische oder legendäre Gestalt ist wesentliche Konstituente der Dichtung

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Esta dissertação analisa e compara as pinturas coloniais da região de Diamantina e do Serro, no meio-norte de Minas Gerais, com as pinturas do forro da Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo de Mogi das Cruzes, em São Paulo. Os estudos desenvolvidos procuram avaliar as possibilidades de influência, ainda que apenas visual, dessas pinturas mineiras sobre as obras paulistas. As obras da rota do Serro (MG) são classificadas como pertencentes aos ciclos barroco e rococó da pintura mineira. São obras destacadas no panorama artístico por seus efeitos ilusionistas, a arquitetura e a pintura se integram aos forros das construções, criando arquiteturas fantasiosas em direção ao céu ou apresentando-nos uma visão celestial, que arrebata o espectador. As pinturas carmelitas de Mogi das Cruzes possuem visualmente uma relação muito intensa com as obras mineiras, o que indica as trocas artísticas ocorridas entre os pintores. Documentos levantados em arquivos mineiros possibilitaram identificar diversos dados sobre as obras que foram utilizadas para a análise: informações a respeito de sua construção e, principalmente, a identificação dos pintores que realizaram as obras mogianas. Dos artistas que realizaram as obras em São Paulo, não há em Diamantina ou no Serro nenhum documento que revele sua passagem pela região, mas isso não afasta a influência que se nota quando comparamos os elementos formais e constitutivos dessas obras. Essas são pinturas diferenciadas na arte colonial paulista, não encontram pares no território ao qual estão circunscritas e, por isso mesmo, devem ser preservadas e destacadas na história da arte nacional
This dissertation analyzes and compares the colonial paintings from the region of Diamantina and Serro in mid-north of Minas Gerais with paintings on the ceiling of the Church of the Third Order of Mogi das Cruzes’ Carmo in Sao Paulo. The studies carried out look to evaluate the possibilities of influence, even if only visual, of these paintings from Minas Gerais with the paintings in São Paulo. The paintings from Rota do Serro (MG) are classified as belonging to the cycles of the Baroque and Rococo painting from Minas Gerais. They are paintings that stands out in the art scene, where the architecture and the paintings integrate with the buildings ceiling, creating fanciful architectures toward the sky or showing us a heavenly vision, which grabs the viewers attention. The paintings from the Carmelites of Mogi das Cruzes have, visually, an intense relationship with the paintings of Minas Gerais, which indicates the artistic exchanges that took place among the painters. Documents collected from Minas Gerais’ archives helped to identify various data regarding the paintings that were used for analysis, information regarding the construction of paintings and especially the identification of the artists who worked on the mogianas paintings. From the artists who worked on the paintings in Sao Paulo, there is not, in Diamantina nor in the Serro any document that reveals its passage through the region, but this does not rule out the influence when comparing the formal and constituent elements of these works. These unique paintings of the colonial art in São Paulo, and wich there are no matching pairs in the territory to which they are confined, should be preserved and highlighted in the history of national art

Orientador: Percival Tirapelli
Banca: Norberto Stori
Banca: Everaldo Batista da Costa
Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa e compara as pinturas coloniais da região de Diamantina e do Serro, no meio-norte de Minas Gerais, com as pinturas do forro da Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo de Mogi das Cruzes, em São Paulo. Os estudos desenvolvidos procuram avaliar as possibilidades de influência, ainda que apenas visual, dessas pinturas mineiras sobre as obras paulistas. As obras da rota do Serro (MG) são classificadas como pertencentes aos ciclos barroco e rococó da pintura mineira. São obras destacadas no panorama artístico por seus efeitos ilusionistas, a arquitetura e a pintura se integram aos forros das construções, criando arquiteturas fantasiosas em direção ao céu ou apresentando-nos uma visão celestial, que arrebata o espectador. As pinturas carmelitas de Mogi das Cruzes possuem visualmente uma relação muito intensa com as obras mineiras, o que indica as trocas artísticas ocorridas entre os pintores. Documentos levantados em arquivos mineiros possibilitaram identificar diversos dados sobre as obras que foram utilizadas para a análise: informações a respeito de sua construção e, principalmente, a identificação dos pintores que realizaram as obras mogianas. Dos artistas que realizaram as obras em São Paulo, não há em Diamantina ou no Serro nenhum documento que revele sua passagem pela região, mas isso não afasta a influência que se nota quando comparamos os elementos formais e constitutivos dessas obras. Essas são pinturas diferenciadas na arte colonial paulista, não encontram pares no território ao qual estão circunscritas e, por isso mesmo, devem ser preservadas e destacadas na história da arte nacional
Abstract: This dissertation analyzes and compares the colonial paintings from the region of Diamantina and Serro in mid-north of Minas Gerais with paintings on the ceiling of the Church of the Third Order of Mogi das Cruzes' Carmo in Sao Paulo. The studies carried out look to evaluate the possibilities of influence, even if only visual, of these paintings from Minas Gerais with the paintings in São Paulo. The paintings from Rota do Serro (MG) are classified as belonging to the cycles of the Baroque and Rococo painting from Minas Gerais. They are paintings that stands out in the art scene, where the architecture and the paintings integrate with the buildings ceiling, creating fanciful architectures toward the sky or showing us a heavenly vision, which grabs the viewers attention. The paintings from the Carmelites of Mogi das Cruzes have, visually, an intense relationship with the paintings of Minas Gerais, which indicates the artistic exchanges that took place among the painters. Documents collected from Minas Gerais' archives helped to identify various data regarding the paintings that were used for analysis, information regarding the construction of paintings and especially the identification of the artists who worked on the mogianas paintings. From the artists who worked on the paintings in Sao Paulo, there is not, in Diamantina nor in the Serro any document that reveals its passage through the region, but this does not rule out the influence when comparing the formal and constituent elements of these works. These unique paintings of the colonial art in São Paulo, and wich there are no matching pairs in the territory to which they are confined, should be preserved and highlighted in the history of national art
Mestre

Aujourd’hui de nombreuses recherches sont menées sur les différents types de demeure aristocratiques. Notre étude porte sur un important corpus de résidences seigneuriales datées du XIIIe au XVIe siècle en Viennois et Grésivaudan ; quatre-vingts douze sites ont été rassemblés à partir, d’une part, de la recherche documentaire dans les archives, les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation, et d’autre part, de visites sur le terrain. Ce travail s’attache aux différents types de décors : les décors architecturaux, figuratifs, sculptés et peints. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’établir un corpus de résidences seigneuriales permettant d’étudier l’approche décorative intégrale des sites, ce qui permet un travail de recherche inédit. Le château et la maison forte subsistent encore de nos jours en grand nombre avec d’importants éléments architecturaux en place. La ressemblance entre les caractères architecturaux de ces deux catégories d’habitations assure un nombre suffisant de sites à étudier. Et la distinction de statut entre le château et la maison forte autorise des comparaisons intéressantes au niveau du décor. Le Dauphiné présente un grand nombre de résidences seigneuriales. Le territoire du Grésivaudan est connu comme étant une région propice à l’installation des habitants grâce aux terres fertiles des massifs de la Chartreuse et de la Belledonne. Quant au Viennois, son riche aspect géographique permet de trouver une grande variété de sites. Par ailleurs, l’histoire du Dauphiné démontre une longue période de dépendance du territoire où plusieurs comtes se sont succédés. La politique des conquêtes a permis d’étendre le territoire et de faire face aux ennemis. Notre recherche se concentre sur une période étendue allant du XIIIe au XVIe siècle. Elle inclut donc l’époque médiévale marquée par peu de changements dans les domaines économique et social en Europe occidentale du fait de la succession des guerres et des épidémies. Ceci ne signifie pas que cette période ait connu un recul mais qu’une faible mutation sociale influencée par la religion s’est produite. Cela se reflète dans le développement du domaine artistique. Notre recherche inclut également la période de mutation de la fin du Moyen-Âge et du début de la Renaissance. Ce moment se caractérise par la combinaison de l’art antiquisant et d’un nouveau courant artistique. Au travers de notre recherche, nous recherchons une possible évolution de l’approche décorative de l’habitat noble. L’étude de l’approche décorative des résidences seigneuriales nous permet de mieux appréhender les caractéristiques des décors aussi bien architecturaux que figuratifs. Les éléments architecturaux, sur lesquelles nous avons porté notre attention, comprennent les portes, fenêtres et coussièges, les tourelles en surplomb, les échauguettes, bretèches, meurtrières et cheminées. Les autres décors que nous avons examinés sont les décors figuratifs qui se composent des motifs peints et des peintures murales ainsi que des motifs et figures sculptées. Nous avons pu constater par nos études que toutes les formes de conception décorative (le décor architectural et le décor figuratif) possèdent la structure simple au début de la période étudiée (XIIIe siècle), puis cette forme élémentaire se développe de manière plus compliquée au cours du temps en particulier le décor peint. Nous constatons ainsi une évolution stylistique des décors. En outre, trois types des éléments décorés ; portes, fenêtres et cheminées montrent une ressemblance stylistique. Il s’agit du travail de moulure sur les linteaux, les encadrements et les bases de ces éléments et la présence d’écus armoriés symbolisant l’appartenance du site à une famille ou une personnalité. Ceci permet d’affirmer que ces décors sont caractéristiques de l’époque étudiée. Quant au décor figuratif, l’apparition de différentes figures autorise une dimension plus approfondie au travers d’une présentation narrative
There are nowadays many studies about aristocratic houses and their decoration. This study on decoration was achieved from the huge corpus of seignorial residences dated between the 13th and the 16th Centuries in the region of Viennois and Grésivaudan where a number of seignorial residences was found. Fifty-three selected sites gathered from a wide investigation were organized in two ways: firstly by documentary research in the archives, the libraries and the center of document resource, secondly by intervention in the studied area. This research focused on different categories of decoration: architectural, figurative, sculptural and painted decor. The research aims to establish the corpus of seigniorial residences which will enable it to study the entire decorative aspect of the selected sites. This will also allow for a new perspective of aristocratic house research.The castles and the fortified manor houses are known today as the existing aristocratic accommodation, which are in quite a large number and are unique in their architectural elements. The similarity of the two seignorial residences lies in their architectural characteristics. The quantity of them allows for an extension of the research framework for determining a sufficient number in terms of the studied sites. On the contrary, the difference of status between the castles and the fortified manor houses permits a comparison of their decorative aspects. Le Dauphiné has a great number of seignorial residences. The territory of Grésivaudan has been recognized for suitable settlement with fertile land in the mountains of Chartreuse and Belledonne. As for Viennois, this territory has a geographical variation which caused different characteristics of houses. Moreover, the history of Dauphiné presents a long period of independence with the succession of several Counts. The conquest policy was applied for defending the enemies in the surrounding areas and also for conquering more land. A great number of seignorial residences was included in this research. The study period from the 13th to the 16th Centuries is known as the transitional time from the end of the Middle Ages to the beginning of the Renaissance, there were many changes in different domains. These changes reflect the evolution of the decoration of aristocratic houses. The study of decoration of the respective seignorial residences will enable us to learn about the characteristics of the architectural and figurative decoration. Understanding the architectural decor involves a study of the architectural elements: doors, windows, turrets, watch-turrets, brattices, arrow holes and chimneys. The figurative decoration means a study of figurative presentation. The elements concerned are painting motifs and mural painting, sculptural motifs and figures. Molding in architectural decor emphasizes the structure of decorative elements. The frames of the doors and windows can be noticed by volumetric and symmetrical effects which can be seen on the lintel and the lower part of the frames of the structure. The appearance of sculpted shields above the doors and windows help complete the decorative aspect of the elements. The chimney has the same decorative effect but the molded decor would be on the upper part and the corbel or side posts. As for the figurative decoration, the presence of different figures like trees, animals, men create an in-depth dimension and more narration or a narrative scene. The painting motifs and the mural painting form a narrative which show a series of pictures which tell the sequence of an event or several successive scenes. Besides, as the corpus of the research assembles a great number of several types of decoration dating from 13th to 16th Centuries, it consequently reflects a stylistic evolution of decorative elements

The Universalis Ecclesiae of 1508 authorized Spanish colonization of the Americas in return for the conversion of native populations to Christianity. From its inception therefore, the Mexican nation lived an alliance between Church and State. This alliance promoted the transfer of Castilian Catholicism to American shores. Catholic practices, specifically the ex-voto tradition, visualize this intermingling of religion and politics. The ex-voto is a devotional painting that expresses gratitude to a religious figure for his/her intervention in a moment of peril. It is commissioned by the devotee as a means of direct communication to the divine. This project analyzes 40 Mexican ex-votos for their reflection of political issues in Mexico. I assert that the Mexican ex-votos engage discussions of social politics. To support this argument, visualizations of socio-political discourses such as the Virgin of Guadalupe as a national religious symbol, police action and economic disparity were examined.

Édouard Dujardin (1861-1949), fondateur de la Revue wagnérienne et de la Revue Indépendante de littérature et d’art, n’a pas été seulement un théoricien du symbolisme, il en a été le praticien. Son œuvre littéraire entre 1885 et 1893 explore aussi bien le vers que la prose, en retrace les questionnements. Résolument engagée dans l’avant-Garde, elle ne s’attaque pas seulement à l’édifice du réalisme, elle remet en cause le modèle de la mimèsis dans une recherche formelle intense. Ainsi l’œuvre de Dujardin se fait-Elle, de manière exemplaire, témoin de cette crise du vers que traversait l’univers des lettres. Genres, formes et confrontation entre les arts délimitent ce parcours en trois parties, qui ne suit pas un plan linéaire ou chronologique, mais un questionnement spécifique déterminé par chaque ouvrage. Pour cette raison, nous avons commencé par son théâtre, qui soulevait la question de l’identité du personnage. Le prénom Antonia nous a ainsi servi de fil conducteur pour aborder la relation vers et prose, telle qu’elle se manifeste soit dans le poème en prose soit dans le vers libre. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons interrogé les formes, la prose poétique de ses nouvelles et de son roman, qui répondent partiellement aux critères définissant le poème en prose. Enfin, dans le cadre de la confrontation entre les arts, nous nous sommes intéressés au phénomène textuel Les Lauriers sont coupés, considéré par la critique comme un procédé de « monologue intérieur », puis au rapport entre poésie et musique par l’étude de l’ouvrage Litanies mélopées pour chant et piano, qui met en vis-À-Vis poème et musique
Edouard Dujardin (1861-1949), the founder of Revue wagnérienne (the Wagnerian Journal) and Revue Indépendante de littérature et d’art (the independent journal of literature and art) has not only been a theoretician on symbolism but also a practitioner. His literary work between 1885 and 1893 explores verse as well as prose and traces back its questionings. Being resolutely engaged in the avant-Garde, it does not only tackle the structure of realism but also questions the model of mimesis in a sort of formal and intense research. It thus happens that Dujardin’s literary work testifies, in an exemplary way for that matter, to the crisis in verse that the literary universe was undergoing. Genres, forms and confrontations of different forms of arts define this course in three parts which does not follow a linear plan nor a chronological one but rather a specific questioning determined by each literary work. This is the reason why we started by studying his drama which raised the question of the character’s identity. The name of Antonia was thus used as a thread to tackle the relationship between prose and verse, as shown in the poem in prose or in free verse.In a second part, we questioned the forms-The poetic prose of his short stories and of his novel- which partly fulfil the criteria of the poem in verse. Lastly, in the context of the confrontation between the different types of arts, we focused on the text viewed as a phenomenon- Les Lauriers sont coupes- considered by critics as a form of “stream of consciousness” then on the connection between poetry and music through the study of the work Litanies, “mélopées” for piano and song, which confronts poem and music

Analyse du parcours et de la production du peintre brésilien Rodolpho Amoêdo (1857-1941), pensionnaire de l’Académie Impériale (brésilienne) des Beaux-Arts à Paris, entre les années 1879 et 1887. Au contact avec l’art français contemporain, mais aussi celui du XVIIIème siècle, Amoêdo va d’abord subir l’influence de certains peintres français, comme Gustave Boulanger et Alexandre Cabanel, ses premiers maîtres. Mais vers la fin de son séjour parisien, il passe à s’intéresser à l’art de Puvis de Chavannes. Ses toiles deviennent alors plus claires et se rapprochent maintes fois d’un style pré-symboliste. De retour au Brésil en 1888, il s’intéresse à la littérature de son temps et il participe à divers cercles formés par de célèbres hommes de lettres à Rio de Janeiro. Sa peinture toujours académique dans la facture et romantique dans son contexte va évoluer vers un style réaliste plus intimiste et psychologique. Souvent la femme actuelle prenait une œuvre place importante dans ses représentations. Dans ce sens, il devient très à l’écoute de l’art de James Tissot. Toutefois, ses œuvres imprégnées de théâtralité font preuve d’originalité : tant au niveau de la composition comme de la mise-en-scène des personnages. Sa science des techniques de peinture et les idées positivistes ont aussi joué un rôle dans sa conception de l’art. Commentaires et critiques sur les œuvres présentées par l’artiste lors des Salons parisiens, des expositions brésiliennes et internationales. Comme enseignant dévoué à l’école des Beaux-Arts de Rio de Janeiro, il a collaboré directement au développement de l’art au Brésil, en particulier dans la période de transition entre l’art académique du XIXème et l’art moderne du XXème siècle
Analysis of Brazilian painter Rodolpho Amoêdo’s (1857-1941) career path and works who earned a grant from Brazilian Imperial Academy of Fine Arts to stay in Paris between 1879 and 1887. Exposure to French contemporary art but also to that of the XVIIIth century, at the beginning, Amoêdo is influenced by French painters like Gustave Boulanger and Alexandre Cabanel, his first professors. At the end of his Paris stay, he gets closer to Puvis de Chavannes. His paintings become lighter, in a pre-symbolist style. Back to Brazil, in 1888, he is fond of literature and takes part to several societies founded by famous writers in Rio de Janeiro. His paintings, academic in their style but romantic in their environment, become more realistic and include greater personal and psychological dimensions. Occurrences of modern ladies in his works are more frequent : his works are closer to James Tissot’s ones. However, they encompass theatrical aspects which make them unique at the general organization level as well as at the direction of characters. His views about art were also founded on his deep knowledge of painting techniques and on positivism. Comments and critical analysis of works presented by the artist at exhibitions in Paris or at local or international exhibitions in Brazil. As a devoted professor at Rio de Janeiro School of Fine Arts, he worked directly for developing art in Brazil, especially during the transition period between XIXth century academic art and XXth century modern art

This study proposes that the paintings of the Surrealist artist, Remedios Varo, reveal the process of individuation over the course of time. Since the Surrealistic approach to art was founded on the principle of representing the unconscious in artistic form, a basic assumption of this study is that transformational symbols of the individuation process should be revealed in the body of work compiled by a Surrealist artist. This dissertation will demonstrate that Varo's paintings, like dreams, follow a pattern comprised of classical symbols, images, and alchemical motifs that are universal and consistent, that are arise repeatedly in her work, and that are reflective of her individuation process. The goal is achieved through an exploration of twelve of Varo's paintings done in the last decade of her life, 1953 to 1963. This is a theoretical dissertation, utilizing both hermeneutic and heuristic approaches. The study views Varo's paintings as "texts," with interpretation through three "lenses"—the cultural-historical, the personal-historical, and the Depth-archetypal, as well as interpretation by direct, personal encounter with her works of art.

The cultural-historical perspective emphasizes the Surrealistic movement, the movement's attitude toward the feminine, and Varo's work within this context. Varo's personal life experiences, which shaped her view of the world and choice of subject matter, form the basis for the personal-historical lens. The Depth-archetypal perspective draws its focus from the central issues in Depth psychology, including the individuation process and active imagination. Additionally, the paintings will be examined for their collective content, particularly as it can be understood to reveal unconscious themes.

This study suggests that an intense examination of Varo's paintings can serve as a microcosm of the individuation process and provide a guide for the therapeutic enhancement of that process in the therapy room by its replicative capacity. This study also suggests that the images in this study can be utilized as "snapshots" of moments of transformation and psychic forms of expression to guide patients as they embark on their respective journeys of individuation.

Deja present dans les fresques de l'antiquite ou les enluminures du moyen-age, l'art floral trouve son apogee et son autonomie dans la peinture du xviie siecle. Si le spectateur d'aujourd'hui retient avant tout de ces tableaux la seduction decorative, la richesse de coloris ou la facture minutieuse, il ne doit pas ignorer que les fleurs qui y sont representees constituaient, au-dela de leur fonction ornementale, le vecteur de sens multiples. Dans les ecoles francaise, italienne ou nordique de cette epoque, les artistes ont recueilli et combine un heritage de sens particulierement foisonnant : plus que dans les filiations esthetiques, c'est dans les spheres d'influence religieuse ou philosophique qu'il convient de rechercher la signification multiforme de ces tableaux. Ainsi la tradition chretienne, la vision protestante du monde, comme les sources mythologiques de l'antiquite ou la science botanique naissante, se combinent a des degres divers a la fonction decorative, se juxtaposent ou se fondent, pour charger les fleurs d'une infinite de significations. Guirlandes glorifiant une scene religieuse ou un personnage de haut rang, bouquets ou fleurs isolees incarnant les vertus des saints et de la vierge marie, symbolisant la fragilite de la vie humaine ou des choix moraux proposes a l'homme, temoignages de la beaute de la creation divine, metaphores des saisons ou des cinq sens, recits de metamorphoses mythologiques. Fruits et insectes, a leur tour charges de significations, viennent souvent renforcer l'interpretation symbolique du tableau.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Theresa Leininger-Miller PhD (Committee Chair), Susan Meyn PhD (Committee Member), Diane Mankin PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 1, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Henry Farny; painting; western; american; artist. Includes bibliographical references.

L’escenografia d’Adrià Gual es comença a desenvolupar en el marc dominant d’un plantejament tradicional vuitcentista de pretensions il·lusionistes i solucions il·lustratives. Es tracta d’uns decorats pintats marcats per un fort eclecticisme entre els estils de la pintura de cavallet del postromanticisme (a partir del 1874) i el realisme (a partir del 1890). En aquest context escenogràfic decadent, els decorats només reiteren un sentit de quadre, pintura de gran format a l’escenari. Adrià Gual, com a artista inquiet i vinculat ideològicament i artísticament a les ambicions regeneracionistes del modernisme, se suma a l’objectiu de construir un nou teatre —i, per tant, una nova escenografia— per a una societat catalana moderna. Va ser en aquests moments quan l’escenografia catalana va passar de ser un element de caràcter il·lustratiu a esdevenir un instrument amb més ambició artística en abandonar els efectes d’il·lusió per atribuir-se l’objectiu d’«il·luminar» L’escenografia simbolista és més que l’acte de materialitzar un espai a través d’estructures o pintures. És l’art de la suggestió, de l’evocació d’imaginaris, per mitjà principalment de llenguatges visuals, però sense excloure’n d’altres com el sonor o l’olfactiu. Aquests imaginaris es desenvolupen en diferents nivells d’expressió del missatge visual i espacial: des de «representativament» fins a «simbòlicament» i «abstractament». L’escenografia modernista d’Adrià Gual significa el trencament amb l’escenografia “quadre”, tradicional e il·lustrativa. La seva concepció de la plàstica escènica és l’inici de l’acció poetitzada moderna i expressiva. L’escenografia simbolista d’Adrià Gual mostra una alternança d’estils visuals en els projectes escenogràfics que il·luminen l’opció «situacional» i l’opció «dramàtica» en els primers drames simbolistes, els diferents processos de conceptualització que es defineixen visualment a causa de la «progressió en el tractament del drama íntim», la configuració del «teatre popular» o «l’abandó gradual del component llegendari» vers l’articulació de la «tragèdia moderna». Aquesta evolució dels processos de concepció dramàtica també es relaciona amb la de l’activitat pictòrica d’Adrià Gual quan, d’una banda, la concepció escènica simbolista basada en la narrativa de situacions en ambients quotidians i pròxims esdevé paral·lela a la pintura simbolista d’anatomia naturalista i, de l’altra, el drama simbolista de suggestió i evocació atmosfèrica intenses que té lloc preferentment a l’entorn d’allò llegendari es retroba en la pintura d’estil més sintètic i desenvolupada al voltant de temes mítics i al·legòrics. Adrià Gual va establir els fonaments teòrics, i els nous objectius, de l’escenografia simbolista, desenvolupats entre 1893 i 1895. De vegades l’escenografia serà per a un teatre simbolista d’aparença realista i d’altres, l’escenografia es projectarà com un dispositiu d’estil simbolicodecoratiu (Blanc i Negre, 1894, i Nocturn. Andante morat, 1895). Així, doncs, en la primera escenografia gualiana hi ha la constatació, d’origen naturalista, que el dispositiu és element transcendent i part indissociable del conjunt escènic, idea que se suma a les teories wagnerianes que cerquen assolir un art escènic total. Gràcies també al concepte d’independència de l’escenografia naturalista, d’espai autònom, s’accedeix a comprendre l’escenografia com a veritat única i particular, a articular-se la idea que el dispositiu —ara ja segons el simbolisme— es pot concebre com a atmosfera ideal, de qualitats íntimes i subjectives. Adrià Gual copsa, de l’escenografia naturalista, la transcendència del dispositiu en l’escenificació i, de l’ideari simbolista, la utilitat expressiva. Posteriorment, aprofundint en l’evolució i la diversificació del processos de conceptualització i projecció escenogràfiques, el plantejament simbolista d’Adrià Gual evolucionarà vers una escenografia d’estratègies modernes, en el sentit que, en lloc d’articular idees a partir d’imatges de sentit al·legòric, l’escenògraf utilitzarà estratègies de caràcter metafòric congruents amb l’escenografia d’avantguarda arreu d’Europa. Per tant, l’escenografia d’Adrià Gual, que s’emmarcava en aquests temps i dins del corrent del teatre simbolista, també resol les noves finalitats en l’escenificació moderna i, en conseqüència, esdevé representativa de la renovació de l’escenografia a Catalunya.
The stage design of Adrià Gual is beginning to develop in the dominant framework of a traditional approach of nineteenth century of illusionistic pretensions and illustrative solutions. These are painted scenery marked by a strong eclecticism between the styles of horse painting of Post-Romanticism (as of 1874) and Realism (as of 1890). In this context decadent stage, the scenography reiterates only a sense of painting but Adrià Gual, as an artist that is uneasy and ideologically and artistically linked to the regenerationist ambitions of modernism, adds to the objective of constructing a new theater -and, therefore, a new set design- for a modern Catalan society. It was at this time when the Catalan stage scene became an element of an illustrative nature to become an instrument to express emotions, moods and magic images to the audience. Symbolist scenery is the art of suggestion, the evocation of imaginaries, mainly through visual signs, but without excluding others such as sound or smell. These imaginaries are developed at different levels of expression of the visual and spatial message: from "representatively" to "symbolically" and "abstract". Its conception of the scenography is the beginning of the modern and expressive poetic action. Adrià Gual established the theoretical foundations, and the new objectives, of the symbolist stage scene, developed between 1893 and 1895. Sometimes the stage design will be for a symbolist theater of realistic appearance and others, will be projected as a device of symbolic-decorative style (Blanc i negre, 1894, and Nocturn. Andante morat, 1895). Thanks also to the concept of independence of the naturalist scenography, of autonomous space, it is accessed to understand the scenography as a unique and particular truth, to articulate the idea that the device - now according to the symbolism - is It can be conceived as an ideal atmosphere, of intimate and subjective qualities. Adrià Gual transform the naturalist stage scene, the transcendence of the device in the staging and, of the symbolist ideology, the expressive utility as Edward Gordon Craig or Adolphe Appia.

The research project uses still life as a means of exploring current events of violence and oppression. These events are represented through juxtaposing plastic toys with organic objects. The toys include a range of popular generic toys such as army men, cowboys and Indians and toy soldiers. The organic objects were selected for their relationship to the specific event being represented. The toys and organic objects were positioned to create interesting and logical compositions. Themes of the series include opposing objects and ideas pitched against each other such as plastic/organic, perpetrator/victim, violence/peacefulness and destruction/sustenance. Within each work the plastic toys take on the demeanor of the tyrant(s), whereas the organic objects adopt the role of the victim(s). The research project uses these themes to convey the message that violence is both a barbaric way of dealing with conflict and a senseless form of self-expression. I have used symbols and metaphors to build a visual language. For the language to be translated accurately a great deal of research has taken place into the appropriate still life objects for each work. Each work incorporates metaphors and or symbols for both the oppressor and victim within the event being represented. The studio outcome of this research project, Silent Bang, includes a series of highly detailed finished paintings of various scales. Silent Bang as a body of work is colourful and aims to be aesthetically pleasing in addition to conveying a powerful message that incites interpretation.

La thèse a pour objet d’établir le catalogue critique de l’œuvre d’Albrecht Bouts (1451-55 / 1549). Fils de Dirk Bouts (1410-1420 / 1475), peintre officiel de la ville de Louvain, Albrecht et son frère aîné, Dirk le Jeune (1448 / 1491), héritent de l’atelier de peinture à la mort de leur père. L’œuvre de l’aîné reste très controversée, aucun tableau ne pouvant lui être attribué avec conviction. Il en est autrement du puîné, Albrecht, à qui la paternité du Triptyque de l’Assomption de la Vierge des Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique peut être donnée avec beaucoup de vraisemblance. Le corpus de son œuvre, établi, en 1925, par Max J. Friedländer et, en 1938, Wolfgang Schöne, autour de ce retable autographe, comprend un nombre important de peintures. Ce catalogue n’a, toutefois, jamais fait l’objet d’une révision par les historiens de l’art. Seules quelques peintures ont été publiées de manière ponctuelle. Devant l’abondance des tableaux attribués au peintre, il convenait donc de réaliser une étude fondamentale afin de distinguer ses propres créations de celles de ses collaborateurs.

La thèse se compose de cinq chapitres. Le premier établit une biographie complète, sélective et chronologique, se basant sur les sources livrées par les archives de la ville de Louvain. Leur interprétation critique renouvelée et enrichie livre ainsi de nombreux arguments pour mieux définir l’individualité d’Albrecht Bouts et justifier le développement de sa carrière.

Le second chapitre concerne l’étude de l’œuvre d’Albrecht Bouts et débute par un examen approfondi de la seule peinture au caractère autographe reconnu, le Triptyque de l’Assomption de la Vierge. L’examen combiné du style et de la technique d’exécution de cette œuvre de maturité du maître permet de mettre en exergue les influences de Dirk Bouts et d’Hugo van der Goes et de définir la personnalité artistique singulière d’Albrecht Bouts. Suite à cette analyse, le catalogue de son œuvre est reconstitué de façon linéaire, depuis sa genèse jusqu’à son terme. Chacune des peintures qui lui sont attribuées est ensuite étudiée de façon chronologique et détaillée, précédée d’une notice technique préliminaire reprenant les données matérielles et bibliographiques, dans le cinquième chapitre consacré au catalogue raisonné.

La révision du corpus de l’œuvre d’Albrecht Bouts est fondée sur un travail d’attribution reposant à la fois sur l’approche stylistique traditionnelle et sur les résultats fournis par les documents de laboratoire. Une importante documentation photographique et technologique des œuvres, dont certaines inédites, a ainsi été rassemblée et sa confrontation constitue un support essentiel à la démonstration.

Le troisième chapitre propose, à partir des hypothèses émises à propos de la biographie et du catalogue des œuvres d’Albrecht Bouts, une analyse de la production de son atelier, particulièrement intense à partir de la première décennie du XVIe siècle. Dans cette partie, l’objectif n’est pas d’établir un exposé circonstancié et complet de chaque peinture abordée, mais plutôt de rassembler des groupes cohérents d’œuvres, également fondés sur une approche combinée du style et de la technique d’exécution. Un même principe de renvoi aux notices dans le catalogue raisonné est adopté.

Enfin, le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la réalisation en série d’œuvres de dévotion privée dans l’atelier du maître. De nombreuses généralités et quelques études ponctuelles ont préparé le terrain, annonçant l’importance de ce phénomène sans, toutefois, en mesurer l’ampleur. C’est pourquoi, nous lui accorderons une investigation la plus exhaustive tant sur les pratiques en vigueur dans l’atelier, que sur l’iconographique et le contexte socio-économique de la création de prototypes par Albrecht, dans la foulée de l’héritage des modèles paternels.

Ainsi, ce travail permettra de mieux cerner la personnalité d’Albrecht Bouts, de retracer son individualité artistique, mais aussi de réévaluer la participation de son atelier, afin de rétablir chacun de ces éléments à leur juste place au sein de la peinture flamande de la fin du XVe siècle et du début du XVIe siècle

The subject of the thesis is to establish a critical catalogue of Albrecht Bouts’ (1451-55/1549) work. Son of Dirk Bouts (1410-1420/1475), official painter to the city of Leuven, Albrecht and his elder brother, Dirk the Younger (1448-1491), inherited their father’s workshop after his death. The work of the elder son, Dirk the Younger, is still a discussed topic since no painting could be attributed to him with certainty. It is quite different for Albrecht who is the likely author of the Tryptich of the Assumption of the Virgin from the Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts of Belgium. The corpus of his work, established in 1925 by Max J. Friedländer and in 1938 by Wolfgang Schöne based on this autograph altarpiece, includes an important number of paintings. This catalogue has however never been revised by art historians since then. Only some paintings have occasionally been published.

Considering the high number of paintings attributed to the master, there was a need to undertake a deeper study in order to distinguish Albrecht Bouts’ own creations from those of his workshop.

The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one includes a complete, selective and chronological biography of the master, based on the data found in the archives of the city of Leuven. A newly enriched critical interpretation of these documents has allowed a better definition of Albrecht Bouts’s personality and a clearer understanding of the development of his career.

The second chapter is devoted to the study of the master’s work and starts with an in-depth examination of the Tryptich of the Assumption of the Virgin, the only painting recognized as an autograph work. The combined examination of the style and the technical execution of this altarpiece, painted during the mature period of his career, underlines both the influences of Dirk Bouts and Hugo van der Goes and helps to display his original artistic personality.

From there, the catalogue of his work is re-established, in the last chapter, from the very beginning to the end of his working life. In the last chapter devoted to the catalogue, each painting attributed to the master is carefully studied, on a chronological basis and in details, with an introductive technical note giving material as well as bibliographical information.

The review of the corpus of Albrecht Bouts’ work is based on a traditional stylistic approach and on the results given by laboratory documents. An important photographical and technological documentation of his works – some of them unpublished until now- has been gathered. Their comparison brought forward essential arguments on which our demonstration is based.

The third chapter, which builds on the two first ones, consists of an analysis of Albrecht Bouts’ workshop production, which was particularly active at the beginning of the XVIth century. The purpose was not to study thoroughly each painting but to extract coherent groups of works thanks to the same combined examination of style and technique. Like the master’s autograph work, each painting is subject to a careful study in the critical catalogue.

Finally, the fourth chapter is dedicated to the serial production of private devotional works carried out in the master’s workshop. There were already many general writings and some occasional studies on the subject, but none of them really measured the importance of the mass production. We therefore undertook a deep and thorough research on the workshop practices ,on the iconography and on the social-economical context of the realisation of works by Albrecht following the prototypes created by his father.

The thesis contributes to a better knowledge and understanding of the life, the personality and the work of Albrecht Bouts and re-evaluates the participation of his workshop. This will give to each of these elements its proper place in the Flemish Masters Painting of the end of the XVth and the beginning of the XVIth centuries.

Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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En 1888, une communauté de peintres s’associe sous l’appellation « Nabis ». Ce terme, issu de l’hébreu, signifie à la fois les « prophètes » et les « initiés ». Paul Sérusier qui vécut sa rencontre avec Paul Gauguin comme une révélation est à l’origine de la formation du groupe. Une année auparavant, le symbolisme littéraire triomphe en France et suscite l’émulation parmi une nouvelle génération d’écrivains qui se cristallise autour de /La Revue Blanche/ et le /Mercure de France/. Entre les Nabis et les symbolistes s’établit dès lors un intense réseau de collaborations. Tant dans l’élaboration des décors et programmes du Théâtre de l’œuvre de Lugné-Poe que dans l’illustration d’ouvrages d’André Gide, d’Alfred Jarry ou encore de Jules Renard, les Nabis participent activement à la vie littéraire de leur temps tout en s’incarnant volontairement comme une avant-garde picturale. Les échanges nombreux entre peintres et écrivains sont alors loin de se limiter à de simples commandes. Ils aboutissent souvent à des amitiés durables comme celles qui unirent Gide à Maurice Denis et Jarry à Pierre Bonnard. La recherche s’interroge sur la motivation de cette nouvelle génération d’écrivains qui sollicita le groupe nabi, ainsi que sur la nature des projets qui les unirent. Les revues littéraires occupent une place importante dans le rassemblement entre les écrivains et ce groupe de peintres. La volonté d'identifier une aile picturale qui fasse écho dans le champ artistique au désir d'innover dans le champ littéraire stimule les sollicitations des écrivains de la seconde génération symboliste. Les Nabis, qui se méfient toutefois d'une soumission trop grande au fait littéraire, induisent par leurs développements artistiques et leurs théories les paramètres d'une nouvelle relation entre peintres et écrivains dans laquelle ces derniers ne recherchent plus la domination stratégique de l'art littéraire sur la peinture.

Outre ces considérations historiques, le rapprochement souhaité entre les deux groupes fut tel que la production littéraire ne put qu’être influencée par les théories des Nabis. La tendance "formaliste" représentée par ce groupe pictural a souvent conduit les chercheurs à prendre acte de l'autonomie tant du littéraire que du pictural dans les échanges entre Nabis et écrivains. Les influences sont cependant nombreuses de la peinture vers la littérature. Il est toutefois nécessaire de prendre en compte des écrivains oubliés par l'histoire littéraire, tels Romain Coolus, Gabriel Trarieux ou Louis Lormel, pour percevoir les effets de cette influence picturale. La reprise d'un dispositif de couleurs, exaltées ou déformées, le jeu poétique sur le thème de la ligne ou de l'arabesque fondent une recherche d'effet visuel dans l'écriture qui entend renouveler les images poétiques. Ce constat entre en résonance avec la rénovation picturale revendiquée par les Nabis. Des esthétiques communes entre peintres et écrivains, tournant autour des notions de synthèse, simplicité, de la référence à l'enfance ou à la fantaisie humoristique rassemblent Nabis et poètes qui les soutiennent dans une communauté d'initiés à l'art nouveau.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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This study concerns the multicultural influences which shaped the architectural form and artistic decoration of the Synagogue at Dura-Europos, an ancient city located on the west bank of the upper Euphrates in Syria (244/5 C. E.) Preserving the Jewish tradition after the destruction of the Second Temple, in a location remote from Palestine, was essential in order to maintain a strong identity in the small Jewish community of Dura, engulfed by pagan and multitheistic societies. Biblical narratives were used by the Jewish community to assert their history. In chapter 1, there appears a discussion of what scholars have said about the cultural development of Dura, how the Synagogue paintings reflect it, and how these represent a Jewish identity. In chapter 2, two scenes from the frescoes will be discussed, highlighting the various cultural influences, both foreign and local. On the other hand Rabbinic literature, including the Midrash, the Mishnah and the Mekhilta de R. Ishmael, compiled by the third century C. E., gives a textual explanation for the scenes, emphasizing the strong association that the Jews of Dura had with their roots and heritage.

Toute cette recherche se concentre sur le portrait en peinture comme possibilité de la rencontre, de moments d’amitié. Il s’agit d’en analyser les enjeux en utilisant la philosophie et la psychanalyse comme outils théoriques. Comprendre combien cette pratique de corps-à-corps, de présence à présence s’inscrit dans le temps, le déploie, le relate. La rencontre, tout comme ma pratique, a pour origine le désir de l’Autre. Chacune de mes peintures est une réponse à cette demande : «Comment désires-tu être peint ?». Mes pinceaux, guidés par les paroles livrées dans mon atelier, tentent de s’approcher au plus près de ce qui est dit : quête impossible !... tant le langage implique une perte, nous divise. Nous nous percevons comme uniques car nous sommes séparés de l’autre, nous sommes entourés de vide. L’autre et le vide ne sont pas seulement extériorités, ils sont en nous, et pour la psychanalyse c’est par l’imaginaire que nous trouvons notre unité. La psychanalyse, la méditation, l’alchimie et la peinture ont ceci de commun qu’elles sont toutes des disciplines construites à partir de la pratique et chacune d’entre elles aborde l’introspection à sa manière, qui peuvent s’enrichir les unes les autres
The present research work focuses on the painted portrait and the opportunity it offers to meet people and exchange moments of friendship. It aims at analyzing what is at stakes in this process by means of theoretical tools such as psychology and psychoanalysis. It is also concerned with the understanding of how this «hand to hand» and «presence to presence» practice gets its anchorage in time and how it unfolds it and refers to it. The get together process, as well as my own practice, are the expression of desire – desire of the Other. Each of my paintings is an attempt to answer this single question: «How would the person posing for me like to be painted?». Then, as if guided by his or her wish, my brushes enter into action in order to fulfill it to the best of my abilities – the task is of course impossible, because language implies a loss and gets us apart from one another. Each of us sees oneself as unique, for we are separated from each other: we are indeed surrounded by emptiness. The Other and emptiness don’t belong to the outside, they are part of ourselves. In the field of psychoanalysis, we manage to find our unity through imagination. Psychoanalysis, meditation, alchemy and painting have all in common to be based on practice. Each of these disciplines deals with insight in its own way: in the end they all benefit from each other