Academic literature on the topic 'Symbolism (Psychology) in children Case studies'

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Journal articles on the topic "Symbolism (Psychology) in children Case studies"

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Uno, Ryoko, Kazuko Shinohara, Yuta Hosokawa, Naho Atsumi, Gakuji Kumagai, and Shigeto Kawahara. "What’s in a villain’s name?" Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 428–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00066.uno.

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Abstract This paper reports two case studies of sound symbolism using the naturalistic name corpora of characters from Disney and Pokémon. Building upon previous studies of sound symbolism, we tested two hypotheses: (1) voiced obstruents, which are generally associated with negative images, are favored in villainous characters’ names, while (2) bilabial consonants, which are symbolically associated with cuteness, are disfavored in such names. The results show that these tendencies hold in our corpora, suggesting that a concept that is as complex as “villain” can be signaled via sound symbolism. Theoretical implications for cognitive linguistics based on our results are discussed.
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Plimpton, Edward H., Randy O. Frost, Brianna C. Abbey, and Whitney Dorer. "Compulsive Hoarding in Children: Six Case Studies." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 2, no. 1 (March 2009): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2009.2.1.88.

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Gerritsen, Jan. "The Effect of Tomatis Therapy on Children with Autism: Eleven Case Studies." International Journal of Listening 24, no. 1 (January 5, 2010): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10904010903466378.

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Sankar‐DeLeeuw, Naomi. "Case studies of gifted kindergarten children part II:The parents and teachers." Roeper Review 29, no. 2 (December 2006): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02783190709554392.

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MacLeod, Andrea A. N., Rabia Sabah Meziane, and Diane Pesco. "Language abilities of children with refugee backgrounds: Insights from case studies." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 1329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000405.

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AbstractSince 2015, more than 58,000 Syrian refugees have settled in Canada and, at the time of the 2016 national census, more than a fifth had settled in the province of Quebec. The rising numbers of refugees and the risks associated with families’ forced displacement have underscored the need to better understand and support the language of refugee children. The article reports on the oral language of three Syrian children ages five and six years, drawing on data from parent interviews, teacher reports, measures of the children’s language, and observations of their language use in a dual-language stimulation group, StimuLER. By triangulating this data, we were able to develop a rich and realistic portrait of each child’s language abilities. For these three boys, we observed that the home language was vulnerable to delays and weaknesses, and that learning the language of school was a drawn-out process. We also documented that parents and teachers had difficulties communicating with one another, and thus had difficulty meeting the educational needs of these children. We conclude that to foster resiliency in these children who are refugees, schools must find a way to build bridges with the parents to support the children’s language learning in both the language of school and at home.
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Leffler, Jarrod M., Mary A. Fristad, and Nicole M. Klaus. "Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (PEP) for Children With Bipolar Disorder: Two Case Studies." Journal of Family Psychotherapy 21, no. 4 (December 6, 2010): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08975353.2010.529051.

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Lees, Janet A., and Brian G. R. Neville. "Acquired aphasia in childhood: Case studies of five children." Aphasiology 4, no. 5 (September 1990): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039008248787.

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Sadler, Jane, and Kay Mogford-Bevan. "'Teacher talk' with children with language disorders: four case studies I." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026565909701300103.

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Sadler, Jane, and Kay Mogford-Bevan. "'Teacher talk' with children with language disorders: four case studies II." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026565909701300104.

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Fawcett, Angela J., and Lisa Lynch. "Systematic identification and intervention for reading difficulty: case studies of children with EAL." Dyslexia 6, no. 1 (January 2000): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0909(200001/03)6:1<57::aid-dys163>3.0.co;2-w.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Symbolism (Psychology) in children Case studies"

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Hanson, Geane Renee. "My thinking chair: Daydreaming in the lives of children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185979.

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This dissertation is an exploration of the nature of daydreaming and its relationship to literacy development in the lives of four children. The children were interviewed and the data is presented in four interpretive case studies. Of the four children, ages 11-13, two of the children are urban and two children live on a southwestern Indian reservation. Five themes emerged from the interviews with the children regarding their use and description of daydreaming: daydreaming, imagination, reading, writing, and school. The children consistently made distinctions between daydreaming and imagination, utilized daydreaming in their construction of their worlds, and discussed the negative attitude they experience in school toward daydreaming. The data in the individual case studies is contextualized within the broader life context of each of the four children represented. A component of this work is based in the researcher's self reflection. The universal practice of daydreaming must be valued in the growth and development of the individual. Daydreams show the uniqueness of individual invention. Through daydreams children explore places they have never been, become characters in the stories they read, and explore new knowledge in the safety of their own minds. Daydreaming is an invisible aspect of the creative and generative life of the mind which is critical to visible production. Currently research themes are increasingly addressing the question of individual consciousness and understanding how children transform information into their own terms. This dissertation seeks to contribute to this understanding. Daydreaming is not a negative practice but one which contributes to children's invisible and visible worlds. Daydreaming serves the interests of these children in their lives as thinkers, readers, writers and creators both at home and school.
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Gilbert-MacLeod, Cheryl A. "The behavioural expression of fear in young children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56550.pdf.

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Gibson, Kerry. "Politics and emotion in work with disadvantaged children : case studies in consultation from a South African clinic." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10551.

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Bibliography: p. 269-286.
This thesis explores the social and psychological dynamics of consultation partnerships established between a psychological clinic and a variety of children's organisations. The research aims to develop a deeper understanding of the process of consultation by making visible the emotional and political complexities involved. This kind of work is usually informed by the broad principles of community psychology and carries a concern with the broader political context of mental health. Typically, however, this approach gives less consideration to the emotional dynamics of this kind of community work and the subtle forms in which they might appear during the intervention. In this research, the concepts of community consultation are expanded through psychoanalytic theories of group, organisational and social processes.
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Rideout, Betty A. "Adolescent girls' experience of parental divorce." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29145.

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This study was designed to examine adolescent girls experience of their parents' divorce. A review of the literature on this subject indicated that little research had been conducted on the adolescents' experience of parental divorce. The literature also indicated that the painful event of divorce can precipitate a number of emotional, behavioural, and cognitive changes in children. This study utilized a phenomenological methodology. Specifically, the study sought to explore the participants' experience of parental divorce and interpret the results in conjunction with relevant theory. Eight girls from age sixteen to nineteen participated in the study. These girls came from a home where a divorce had occurred within a nine year range, but had occurred at least one year since the time of the interviews. The participants were interviewed twice. The interviews were analyzed using the data analysis process described by Giorgi (1975). This analysis revealed twelve topic areas which were descriptive of the participants' experience of divorce. These topics were then organized around four main content areas, or processes. These processes were the experience of the divorce, the process of adapting to environmental changes, the learning and growing process, and the process of restructuring meaning and moving toward resolution. The results were interpreted utilizing the literature on children from divorced homes, attribution theory, and just world theory. The present study shared many similarities with the literature on divorce, but differed in the degree of depression and maladjustment seen among the participants. The participants in this study, generally, were seen to highly-functioning, healthy individuals. The study also showed how the participants need for control in their lives was related to the theories posed by attribution theory and just world theory.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Rustige, Cindy L. "Maternal reactions, home environment, and the self-esteem of eight visually impaired children." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29210.

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This study investigated the relationship among maternal reactions to visual impairment, home environment, and the self-esteem of eight visually impaired children. Educational research has clearly isolated a correlation between self-esteem, academic performance, and behavior. The premise of this study was that visually impaired children who perceived their home environments as supportive and nurturing; and who had parents, particularly mothers who accepted their loss of vision, would feel better about themselves more so than visually impaired children who held predominantly negative perceptions. The study also compared children's, mothers' and teachers' perceptions of the child's self-esteem. The subjects were 8 visually impaired children between the ages of 5 and 8, their mothers, and their integrating teachers. A questionnaire pertaining to children's self-esteem was circulated to teachers and mothers. Children were interviewed separately. Results indicated that the climate of the home was associated with both the use of functional vision and self-esteem in visually impaired children. The findings are congruent with educational and humanistic-phenomenological theory, and support the hypothesis that children's behavior and perceptions of themselves are influenced by the reflections of 'significant others', particularly their parents.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Ng, Sau-lai Winnie, and 吳秀麗. "Stress and the coping strategies of Hong Kong primary students: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963699.

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Chislom, Christina S. "Teachers perceptions of children coping during active-duty parental deployment| A single exploratory case study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708850.

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The war on terror after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, continues to include ongoing efforts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other countries in which the military serve and protect. Active-duty members of the Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard continue to serve in these hazardous zones to minimize war crimes where families are left behind. With the necessity of military deployments, issues of psychological, emotional, and behavioral tribulations surrounding the children of deployed active-duty members are observed. The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore schoolteacher’s perceptions about effective actions taken to enhance the performance of children and the classroom environment, while the children were coping with their active-duty parent’s deployment. The sample included elementary schoolteachers and administrators that taught in the Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) in Belgium who have had parents of their students deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, and other hazardous zone areas. The research question asked: When observed behaviors are identified in relation to parental deployment, how do effective actions taken mitigate behavioral problems and enhance the classroom learning environment? The qualitative explorative case study aided in identifying and understanding schoolteachers’ perceptions about effective actions taken to enhance the performance of children and the classroom environment while children were coping with their active-duty parent’s deployment. This critical situation for children showed stressful and coping challenges and an imposed hardship on the children’s customary way of living and participation in the school environment.

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Boshoff, Annemi. "Kinders se ervaring van 'n sibbe met kanker: 'n kwalitatiewe studie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1721.

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Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
This study focused on South African siblings' experiences of a brother or sister with cancer. Social constructionism was used as an epistemological framework. Three in-depth interviews with siblings (ages 12 – 16 years) of pediatric cancer patients, were done. The case study approach was chosen as the most suitable method to gain the information. The thematic content analysis was the method of analysis. Participants' experiences with regard to their siblings' cancer were reconstructed according to themes. Recurring themes were elucidated and linked with the literature. The study allowed participants to express their conscious and unconscious experiences by means of verbal and non-verbal (art activities) communication. Results support the concern by previous studies about siblings' vulnerability since the diagnosis of a brother's/sister's cancer. The uniqueness of each sib's experience and the implementation of individualy-centered intervention strategies is emphasized. Educational Psychologists as well as members of the multidisciplinary team (teachers, medical and nursing staff, parents, family and peers) interested in supporting siblings of pediatric cancer patients can benefit from this study.
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Hagen, Prudence (Prudence Bennett). "Programming Common Stimuli to Promote Generalized Question-Asking in a Child with Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278184/.

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A 5-year-old child with autism was taught to: (a) ask "What is that?" in the presence of unknown objects and (b) name the objects he did know. Generalization in the presence of the experimenter was probed across four new tasks. The child's performance generalized to the first 3 tasks without additional training. The fourth task required programming of common stimuli before generalization occurred.
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Botha, Cynthia Evelyn. "The implementation of developmental play therapy with pre-schoolers in a primary school : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50160.

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Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: My study aims to explore whether a Developmental Play Programme can be implemented in a primary school with learners, using trained volunteer therapists from an old age home in the area. I also looked at the experiences of the learners and that of the volunteer therapists using Developmental Play Therapy as a therapeutic technique. The technique facilitates the development of child-adult relationships that are necessary for the development of children. The research is in the form of a qualitative case study. It is approached from an ecosystemic perspective i.e. learners are viewed as a core system which in turn is part of several other systems, for example the family, school, church, community etc. The systems are interdependent, which means that change in the one system also results in change within other systems. In the data production video recordings, unstructured interviews, observations and field notes are used. Data analysis was done using principles of coding. The results of the study show that Developmental Play Therapy is indeed an effective psychotherapeutic technique to use in a primary school with a group of learners and to use senior citizens as volunteer therapists to do the therapy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel met die studie is om na te vors of die Ontwikkelende speelprogram op leerders in 'n primêre skool toegepas kan word, deur inwoners van 'n ouetehuis in die area op te lei as vrywillige terapeute. Ek het die ervaringe van die leerders en die van die vrywillige terapeute observeer waar Ontwikkelende Speelterapie as terapeutiese tegniek toegepas is. Die tegniek bevorder onder andere die ontwikkeling van ouer - kindverhoudings, wat noodsaaklik is vir die ontwikkeling van kinders. Die navorsing neem die vorm van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie aan. Dit word benader vanuit 'n ekosistemiese perspektief, dit wil sê die leerders word gesien as die kernsisteem wat deel is van verskeie ander sisteme soos byvoorbeeld die familie, skool, kerk en gemeenskap. Die sisteme is interafhanklik wat beteken dat verandering in een sisteem ook verandering in die ander sisteme tot gevolg het. In die data - produksie is tegnieke naamlik video - opnames, ongestruktureerde onderhoude, observasies en veldnotas gebruik. Data - analise is volgens die beginsels van kodering gedoen. Die resultate van die onderhewige studie toon dat Ontwikkelende speelterapie 'n effektiewe psigoterapeutiese tegniek is om in 'n primêre skool te gebruik met 'n groep leerders, en om gebruik te maak van senior burgers as vrywillige terapeute om die terapie te doen.
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Books on the topic "Symbolism (Psychology) in children Case studies"

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Case studies in educational psychology. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2001.

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Imagery and symbolism in counselling. London: J. Kingsley Publishers, 1996.

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Hughs, Ina. A prayer for children. New York: W. Morrow, 1995.

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A prayer for children. New York: Fireside, 1997.

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Cempura, E. Rosalie. Springboards for today's children. Halfway, Or: Hells Canyon Pub., 1993.

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Casey, Terri. Pride and joy: The lives and passions of women without children. Hillsboro, Or: Beyond Words Pub., 1998.

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Arrigoni, Giuliano. Appartenenze: Comprendere la complessità dell'affido familiare. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 1998.

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Y, Baldwin Alexinia, and Vialle Wilma, eds. The many faces of giftedness: Lifting the masks. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1999.

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1938-, Mills Richard W., ed. Observing children in the primary classroom: All in a day. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Thomson, Michael E. The psychology of dyslexia: A handbook for teachers : with case studies CD-ROM. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Symbolism (Psychology) in children Case studies"

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Patel, Khyati. "Treatment of delusions of exceptionality in an adult male with sexual offences against children in a secure psychiatric setting." In Further Case Studies in Forensic Psychology, 62–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213116-5.

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Gupta, Sanjeev Kumar. "Sexual Abuse of Children and Adults With Intellectual Disabilities." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 197–206. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3958-2.ch014.

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This chapter describes the incidence of sexual abuse is often reported in children and adults, but these incidences are not uncommon in the individual with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This heinous behavior carries a negative impact not only on the individual but also on their family. The purpose of the chapter is threefold, first is to present a brief review of the available literature on sexual abuse in children and adults with IDs, second is to discuss preventive, supportive and intervention strategies for clinical practice and third is to report a case series, where five cases are described. The intent is to provide mental health professionals and clinicians' information about consequences of sexual abuse and strategies for prevention and intervention. These strategies have clinical utility and can be incorporated while dealing individual with IDs and their parents or caregivers.
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Naniwadekar, Kadambari. "Stress and Anxiety Among Parents of Children With Communication Disorders." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 141–56. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4955-0.ch008.

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Parenting is a wonderful and rewarding experience, but in the case of parents of children with communication disorder, this experience is often accompanied with high levels of stress, due to difficulties, frustrations, and challenges that these parents face in everyday life. This chapter was carried out to find the status of stress in parents of children with communication disorder and also to find the levels of stress among mothers as well as fathers, and the level of support system available. The results revealed that most of the parents experience stress and anxiety in bringing up their child with communication disorder, although the stress being more in the mothers. Gender of the child also played a crucial role in determining the levels of stress. The results highlighted the fact that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder have a higher level of stress followed by parents of children with intellectual disability, multiple disability, and hearing impairment.
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Coggins, Kim, Kristie Opiola, and Kara L. Carnes-Holt. "Consultation Strategies for Working with Professionals Supporting Foster Families." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 265–87. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2224-9.ch015.

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Children and families involved in the foster care system present with unique needs requiring support from diverse professionals. Because of the range of stakeholders involved with children and families in the foster care system, play therapists must become knowledgeable and skillful consultants and collaborators to best facilitate holistic wellness for these families. Through this chapter, the authors seek to provide play therapists with a strong foundation of knowledge and skills to draw upon when working with this population. First, readers are introduced to the mental health needs faced by foster care children and families. The authors then describe the diverse roles frequently fulfilled by play therapists as consultants and collaborators within various systems impacting children in foster care. Finally, a case study is included to provide a practical description of how play therapists can integrate a greater use of consultation, collaboration, and advocacy into their work to bet meet the needs of foster care children and families within their care.
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Thorsos, Nilsa J. "Language Loss." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 181–95. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7582-5.ch010.

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This chapter explores the phenomenon of heritage language loss (mother tongue) and the implications for English only speakers born in the USA with parents who are first- and second-generation English language learners. Drawing from critical race theory (CRT), first language loss is examined in the perceptions of Americanism, nationalism, citizenship, otherness, and discrimination. In addition, the chapter examines the dynamics of Latinx parents' decision to encourage their children to speak English only and as a result erode their ability to speak their first language (L1) or mother tongue and cultural identity. The author makes the case for language maintenance and assurance of all children learning English, without losing their mother tongue.
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Ferro, Michele J., and Julia Gentleman Byers. "Expanding the Range of Puppetry in Expressive Play Therapy." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 158–81. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2224-9.ch010.

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This chapter focuses on expanding the therapeutic application of using puppetry as a communicative tool in the service of psychological growth and integration for children. A continuum of more than thirty descriptors of puppetry formats are presented that each hold specific value within therapeutic interventions. The types of materials used to construct the puppet and their cognitive, emotional, and sensory connections are explored, as is the impact of uniquely created productions versus commercial products. The authors also define the limitations and challenges of certain types of puppetry, which can evoke or incite different reactions within different stages and phases of psychosocial treatment. Examples of case vignettes are provided from a Child and Adolescent public services agency in an inner-city environment.
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Johnson, Alicia D. "Adverse Childhood Experiences." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 1–19. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7473-7.ch001.

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Childhood trauma is as American as apple pie. The statistics are sobering. In 2018, more than 673,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect. This chapter will explore adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in detail, relating how these past experiences could affect current student behavior. A case study will be used to illustrate the issues that teachers face in their classrooms. Research shows that trauma affects the brain and subsequently how people act and/or react. Emotional regulation, behavioral control, and cognitive processes that are affected by trauma will be explored. Further, this chapter will raise the issues of racial disproportionality in identification and labeling of behavioral disorders and recommendations for special education among students who may have been exposed to trauma. Lastly, recommendations for best practice will be outlined to support educators in the field.
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Venkatesan, Srinivasan. "Changing Socio-Cultural Models and Policy Programs in Rehabilitation of Persons With Communication Disorders." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 284–304. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4955-0.ch015.

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The history of rehabilitation of communication disorder has journeyed from magical-religious conceptualizations through biological-medical approaches to the contemporary rights-based paradigm, wherein the person-in-environment is emphasized. The understanding of its nature and characteristics, classification, etiology, treatment, social perception, and practices, including law-making about the affected persons, have all moved in tandem with the temper of the times. This chapter attempts to outline the salient course of these changes under two sections: (1) changing models and paradigms and (2) impacts on policy programs in areas of health, education, economy, housing, and social security with special reference to the Indian sub-continent. Illustrative domains of social change in areas of education are specifically highlighted with appropriate case vignettes. The endnote raises oncoming challenges, issues, and problems related to communication disorders in the emergent dynamic socio-cultural matrix for generation next parents and children.
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Wiser, Jessie L. "Creating Access for Students." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 212–30. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9514-5.ch011.

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The role of social workers within the public education setting is often ambiguous, which makes building relational trust with school counselors difficult. However, their professional values and ethics are closely related, and their jobs often overlap. The ambiguity within the role of school social workers can cause school counselors to feel encroached upon when social workers perform their assigned duties. This discord can limit a school's ability to provide quality access to services for children and their families. Marginalized student populations absorb this most, as they are typically already experiencing a deficiency in services in their community. This chapter will discuss current perspectives and theories used by school social workers, barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration, and solutions to resolve barriers in order to better meet the needs of marginalized populations. Also, this chapter will examine why collaboration is imperative to meet student social and emotional needs and have case studies for districts that have successfully implemented models of collaboration.
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Snow, Pamela. "Foreword." In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, xv—xvi. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1353.

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In the third decade of the 21st century, it is difficult to think of an aspect of children’s education in industrialised, first-world nations that is more important, yet sadly, more contested, than reading instruction. Ironically, reading and how to teach it, is also one of the most widely researched aspects of child development. A number of branches of psychology, such as cognitive, experimental, educational, and developmental neuropsychology have devoted hundreds of thousands of hours to outputs in academic journals and research theses, conference presentations, blogs, social media posts, and private and public debates. The publication of three national inquiries (the US in 2000, Australia in 2005, and England in 2006) heralded something of a false dawn in putting the major debates to rest, unanimously highlighting the importance of an early focus on explicitly and systematically teaching children (as readers and writers) how the English writing system works, alongside supporting their development in phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.
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