Relevant bibliographies by topics / Syllable duration

Academic literature on the topic 'Syllable duration'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Syllable duration"

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Aldrich, Alexander C., and Miquel Simonet. "Duration of syllable nuclei in Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 12, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 247–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2019-2012.

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AbstractIn many languages, vowel duration is modulated by syllable structure — a phenomenon known asvowel compression— so that vowels are shorter in syllables with more segments than in syllables with fewer segments. Most instrumental evidence to date has reported an effect, in many languages, of the presence (and complexity) of a coda, and some studies have also documented effects of the presence (and complexity) of an onset. However, no prior studies on Spanish vowel duration have captured any effects of syllable structure. Using data from nine speakers and controlled speech materials, the present study addresses the following research question: Does syllable structure modulate vowel duration? The findings are as follows: (a) Relative to simplex onsets (those with a singleton consonant), complex onsets (those with a consonant cluster) trigger vowel compression; and (b) neither simplex nor complex codas consistently drive vowel compression — i.e. codas do not systematically affect vowel duration. Together with the facts for other languages, our findings support a view according to which syllable structure — in particular,onsetcomplexity — modulates acoustic vowel duration. The study discusses the theoretical implications of this finding, which are argued to be in line with some of the principles of the Articulatory Phonology framework or, alternatively, suggest that codas should not be considered part of the articulatory syllable.
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Troyer, Todd W., Michael S. Brainard, and Kristofer E. Bouchard. "Timing during transitions in Bengalese finch song: implications for motor sequencing." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00296.2017.

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To investigate mechanisms of action sequencing, we examined the relationship between timing and sequencing of syllables in Bengalese finch song. An individual’s song comprises acoustically distinct syllables organized into probabilistic sequences: a given syllable potentially can transition to several different syllables (divergence points), and several different syllables can transition to a given syllable (convergence points). In agreement with previous studies, we found that more probable transitions at divergence points occur with shorter intersyllable gaps. One intuition for this relationship is that selection between syllables reflects a competitive branching process, in which stronger links to one syllable lead to both higher probabilities and shorter latencies for transitions to that syllable vs. competing alternatives. However, we found that simulations of competitive race models result in overlapping winning-time distributions for competing outcomes and fail to replicate the strong negative correlation between probability and gap duration found in song data. Further investigation of song structure revealed strong positive correlation between gap durations for transitions that share a common convergent point. Such transitions are not related by a common competitive process, but instead reflect a common terminal syllable. In contrast to gap durations, transition probabilities were not correlated at convergence points. Together, our data suggest that syllable selection happens early during the gap, with gap timing determined chiefly by the latency to syllable initiation. This may result from a process in which probabilistic sequencing is first stabilized, followed by a shortening of the latency to syllables that are sung more often. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bengalese finch songs consist of probabilistic sequences of syllables. Previous studies revealed a strong negative correlation between transition probability and the duration of intersyllable gaps. We show here that the negative correlation is inconsistent with previous suggestions that timing at syllable transitions is governed by a race between competing alternatives. Rather, the data suggest that syllable selection happens early during the gap, with gap timing determined chiefly by the latency to syllable initiation.
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CANAULT, Mélanie, Naomi YAMAGUCHI, Nikola PAILLEREAU, Jennifer KRZONOWSKI, Johanna-Pascale ROY, Christophe DOS SANTOS, and Sophie KERN. "Syllable duration changes during babbling: a longitudinal study of French infant productions." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 6 (April 29, 2020): 1207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500092000015x.

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AbstractAt the babbling stage, the syllable does not have the temporal characteristics of adult syllables because of the infant's limited oro-motor skills. This research aims to further our knowledge of syllable duration and temporal variability and their evolution with age as an indicator of the development of articulatory skills. The possible impact of syllable position, as well as that of type of intrasyllabic associations and intersyllabic articulatory changes on these parameters has also been tested. Oral productions of 22 French infants were recorded monthly from 8 to 14 months. 11 261 Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllables were annotated and temporally analyzed. The mean duration varied according to syllable position, but not to the intrasyllabic or intersyllabic articulatory changes. Moreover, the syllable duration decreased significantly from the age of 10 months onwards, whereas the temporal variability remained the same.
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Lunden, Anya. "Syllable weight and duration: A rhyme/intervals comparison." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4084.

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Steriade (2012) proposed intervals as a more appropriate syllable weight domain than rhymes. This study explores how interval weight cashes out as duration across word positions and compares this to a rhyme-based account. The data reported on in Lunden (2013), from native speakers of Norwegian (a language in which (C)VC syllables are heavy only non-finally) is reanalyzed with intervals. Lunden found that syllable rhymes in all three positions, if taken as a percentage of the average V rhyme in that word position, fell into a coherent pattern for weight. It is shown that interval durations allow for a similar, albeit less robust, pattern. The data from Lunden’s (2013) perception experiment that tested the correlation between increased vowel duration and listeners’ classification of syllable weight is also recast with interval durations, and the importance of the proportional increase over the raw increase, originally found for the rhyme data, is found to hold for the interval data. Thus, taking intervals as the weight domain is shown to result in reasonable durational relations between interval weights, although interval durations show less separation between some light and heavy units than the rhyme durations do.
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Kachkovskaia, Tatiana V., and Maya A. Nurislamova. "ON CONSONANT DURATION IN СУ AND CCV SYLLABLES." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2017_3_4_34_44.

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In this paper, we investigate two factors influencing consonant duration: phrase accent and syllable length (in segments). First, we performed a corpus-based analysis of consonant duration in stressed CV and CCV syllables in 3-syllable words using a 30-hour speech corpus. As a result, we have found the following tendencies: (1) consonants in CV syllables are longer than those in CCV syllables; (2) under phrase accent, consonants in CV and CCV syllables are lengthened; (3) the increase in consonant duration is higher for CCV syllables than for CV syllables. As a post hoc experiment, we recorded a set of phrases with target words Natasha (female name), zasada (=ambush) and zastava (=cordon) in neutral context and under contrastive stress. Then consonant duration in the stressed syllables /sa/, /ta/ и /sta/ was measured. The measurements supported the initial tendencies. In addition, we found out that under contrastive stress we may observe extra high consonant lengthening (over 50%).
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Ziegler, Wolfram, Erich Hartmann, and Philip Hoole. "Syllabic Timing in Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 4 (August 1993): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.683.

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A new, intensity-based method of measuring syllable duration was used to assess syllabic timing in 75 patients with dysarthria of predominantly traumatic and cerebro-vascular origin and in 30 normal subjects. The applied speech tasks included repetitions of sentences containing chains of plosive-vowel-syllables. The logarithm of the duration of the syllable carrying sentence accent proved to be particularly highly correlated with perceived speech rate. Among the potential sources of temporal variability, segmental influences and the influence of sentence stress were examined. Further, the between-sentence variation of syllable duration was assessed. The resulting measures of variability were correlated with the severity of dysarthric impairment. A strengthening of normal effects was found in the consonant-related variation, whereas intrinsic vowel effects and the influence of sentence stress were largely reduced. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of timing theories in speech and limb motor control. They are considered to provide a valuable background against which the speech impairments of specific neurologic groups can be tested.
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Zhang, Ling. "Syllable isochrony and the prosodic features of stop syllables in Cantonese." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 23, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00098.zha.

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Abstract Cantonese is a syllable-timed language: that is, the syllable is the isochronous unit of speech. However, in Cantonese, there is a type of closed syllable with the stop codas [-p], [-t], or [-k] (i.e. syllables with the so called “entering-tones”) which sound much shorter than other syllables. On the surface, the shorter duration of stop syllables and the general prosodic feature of syllable-isochrony seem to conflict. This study conducted acoustic investigations of stop syllables in Cantonese in different contexts (i.e. in isolated form, in disyllabic words, and in disyllabic words located at the beginning, middle, and final positions of sentences). The results showed that stop syllables alone are shorter than non-stop syllables in various contexts. However, in disyllabic words or in sentences, there is a supplementary lengthening effect immediately after the stop syllables: there is more acoustic blank, and in some circumstances the initial of the following syllable is lengthened. Therefore, we propose that the phonetic realization of syllable isochrony is beyond the syllable itself in Cantonese. The results and discussions of this study may also shed light on the problem of the disappearance of “entering tones” from various Chinese dialects.
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Sen, Ranjan. "Reconstructing phonological change: duration and syllable structure in Latin vowel reduction." Phonology 29, no. 3 (December 2012): 465–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675712000231.

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During the fixed initial-stress period of Latin (sixth to fifth centuries BC), internal open syllable vowels were totally neutralised, usually raising to /i/ (*per.fa.ki.oː>perficiō ‘I complete’), whereas in closed syllables /a/ was raised to /e/, but the other vowels remained distinct (*per.fak.tos>perfectus ‘completed’). Miller (1972) explains closed syllable resistance by positing internal secondary stress on closed syllables. However, evidence from vowel reduction and syncope suggest that internal syllables never bore stress in early archaic times. A typologically unusual alternative is proposed: contrary to the pattern normally found (Maddieson 1985), vowels had longer duration in closed syllables than in open syllables, as in Turkish and Finnish, thus permitting speakers to attain the targets for non-high vowels in closed syllables. This durational pattern is manifested not only in vowel reduction, but also in the quantitative changes seen in ‘classical’ and ‘inverse’ compensatory lengthenings, the development CVːCV > CVC and ‘superheavy’ degemination (VːCCV > VːCV).
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Robb, Michael P., and John H. Saxman. "Syllable Durations of Preword and Early Word Vocalizations." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 3 (September 1990): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3303.583.

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The continuity in development of syllable duration patterns was examined in 7 young children as they progressed from preword to multiword periods of vocalization development. Using a combination of lexical and chronological age points, monthly vocalization samples were analyzed for bisyllable duration and final syllable lengthening. Results revealed no systematic increase or decrease in the duration of bisyllables produced by the children as a group. Lengthening of final syllables was observed across nearly all recording sessions for all children. It is likely that the feature of bisyllable duration is not discernibly sensitive to changes associated with a developing speech mechanism and environmental input. On the other hand, the regularity in final syllable lengthening is consistent with a continuity theory of development.
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Lee, Myoung Soon, and Hyun Park. "Acoustic characteristics of resyllabification process in Korean." Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21849/cacd.2021.00549.

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Purpose: This study aims to analyze acoustic characteristics of Korean words and nonwords according to resyllabification and meaningfulness.Methods: The experimental data consisted of 10 homonyms and 10 corresponding words. Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) 4150B was used in a quiet place for recording. Moreover, the randomized word list was presented to 20 subjects, and they were asked to read naturally as if they were talking comfortably to the subjects. The analysis program was Praat 6151 win 64bit (Boersma & Weenink, 2021). Pitch, intensity, and duration of the words and the first and the second syllables were measured, and the resyllabification liaison rules and resyllabification influenced them. To investigate acoustic characteristics according to resyllabification, independent sample t-test and multivariate test were conducted using SPSS 26 for the statistical processing of a syllable’s pitch, intensity, and duration changes.Results: First, there was a significant difference between the groups in post-syllable pitch ratio in words and nonwords, which was 40s–50s pitch change was greater than that of 20s–30s. Second, the post-syllable pitch ratio was a significant difference between gender groups and according to the effect of the liaison rule. Third, the post-syllable duration ratio showed a significant difference between age groups. The post-syllable pitch ratio was a significant difference according to the effect of the liaison rule.Conclusions: Therefore, when resyllabifications are generated by the liaison rule, the change of the post-syllable pitch can be explained by the focus prosody, and further research will be needed to establish a solid basis for this study.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Syllable duration"

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Mirt, Jessica J. "Syllable number and durations of infant vocalizations during mother-infant interaction." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10970.

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Chang, Yi-Ling, and 張懿玲. "Syllable structure and tonal effect on perceived vowel duration." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n9g7k5.

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碩士
國立交通大學
外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班
106
Previous studies have shown that the shape of pitch contours has an influence on perceived vowel duration in that listeners tend to perceive vowels as shorter even when they are produced longer (Gussenhoven & Zhou, 2013). Several hypotheses have thus been proposed to account for the correlation between the perceived and produced vowel lengths, including hyperarticulation (Yu 2010), compensatory listening strategy (Gussenhoven 2007), and tone crowding (Sundberg 1973). Furthermore, Gussenhoven & Zhou (2013) have also reported that vowels of different duration steps and with different onsets (i.e., aspirated vs. unaspirated stops) were perceived as more different by Chinese listeners, whose native language uses pitch and [+spread glottis] contrastively, than by Dutch listeners, suggesting an effect of tonal and segmental contrasts in one’s native language on one’s perception. In this study, two perceptual rating experiments were used to investigate whether tonal and segmental differences would influence the perceived vowel duration by listeners of different native languages (i.e., Taiwanese Southern Min vs. Mandarin Chinese). Findings from these experiments showed that the pitch patterns are not readily explainable by a single strategy. Instead, perception often mimics actual production length (i.e., mimicking effect) and syllables with more tones are in general perceived as longer than syllables with fewer tones (i.e., a tone crowding hypothesis). Segmental differences are shown to also affect vowel perception length. Vowels with nasal [m] onset were perceived significantly longer than those with voiced obstruent onset [b], suggesting that vowels with a sonorant onset (i.e., [m]) may contribute to the perception of vowel duration. Participants gave higher rating scores to vowels with codas than to vowels without codas, suggesting that coda duration is counted towards perceived vowel duration as well. An explanation from processing these stimuli in the auditory mode is provided. Taken together, the results of this thesis show that vowel perception length may depend on fundamental frequency, onset type, and coda type.
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邱雅慧. "A Comparative Study on the Syllable Duration of Mandarine Co-verbs." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69233427113875159520.

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碩士
國立新竹教育大學
臺灣語言與語文教育研究所
100
Does syllable duration has the function to distinguish semantics in Taiwan Mandarin？We use co-verbs, which have the same consonant, vowel, syllable number, syllable structure, tone and sentence position to carry on two tests. There are 20 co-verbs in test one. One co-verb has two test sentences, one is the co-verb display verb’s function, the other is the co-verb display preposition’s function. There are 40 sentences in test one. We design test sentences by Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese and give 3 examinees every sentence using background. Every examinee read every sentence three times loudly. Then, we collect 360 pronunciation materials. The test present that verb’s syllable duration is longer than preposition’s in 16 co-verbs. The t-test p-value in test one is 0.014, which display the different syllable duration between verbs and prepositions. There are 8 co-verbs in test two. Test sentence design is like Test one. There are 48 sentences in test two. We design test sentences by google and don’t give 15 examinees every sentence using background. After examinees read, we collect 720 pronunciation materials. The test present that verb’s syllable duration is longer than preposition’s in 8 co-verbs. The t-test p-value in test two is 0.000. Our research discovered several points. 1. The syllable durations between verbs and prepositions are different. 2. The verb syllable durations is longer than the prepositions’. 3. Words with different function have different syllable durations. 4. It’s universal in Taiwan Mandarin co-verbs that a verb syllable duration is longer than a preposition. 5. It is influential on syllable duration that giving sentence using background or not, and repeat or not. 6. The language materials distribution of co-verbs is not influential on syllable duration.
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Jen, WenTsai, and 任文采. "A prediction model for syllable duration in a Mandarin Text-to- Speech System." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31273394277514154074.

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碩士
國立中興大學
應用數學系
85
In this thesis, a statistical probability based model for predicting the duration of sylable in Chinese Text-To-Speech system is developed. In our system, the predition model is propopsed by a parser that can extract some meaningful parameters from our voice training data files. Five context- dependent parameters will be introduced in this thesis.
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Chien, Miin-chang, and 簡敏昌. "A Study on VQ/HMM Based Methods for Syllable Duration and Amplitude Parameters Generation." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67649345549540340518.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
88
Syllable duration and amplitude are two important prosodic parameters for Mandarin text-to-speech because they have much influence on the fluency and naturalness of the synthesized speech. In this thesis, a method based on vector quantization(VQ) and hidden Markov model(HMM) is used to model syllable duration and amplitude separately. For convenience, the two models for duration and amplitude are together called DA-HMM. In the training phase for DA-HMM, the durations and amplitudes of the syllables comprising each training sentence are normalized first. Then, the average duration and amplitude for each kind of syllable and syllable-final are computed from the normalized training syllables. According to these average values, the 410 kinds of syllables and 37 kinds of syllable-finals are classified respectively by using vector quantization. The VQ codes of adjacent syllables in a training sentence are then combined to form the observation syllable sequence for HMM training. In the synthesis phase, the information of word-boundary and breath-group from text-processing stage are used to arrange the state transition sequence for DA-HMM. Then, according to the assigned state and the encoded observation symbol, the duration and amplitude parameters of each syllable in a sentence to be synthesized can be look up from auxiliary parameters ,of DA-HMM, estimated in the training phase. To study the performance of DA-HMM, we have conducted several experiments. The results show that for inside test, the average prediction errors of a syllable’s duration and amplitude are 43 ms and 1.1dB respectively, and that for outside test, the average prediction errors of a syllable’s duration and amplitude are 22 ms and 2.2 dB respectively.
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Modarresi, Ghavami Golnaz. "The effects of syllable boundary, stop consonant closure duration, and VOT on VCV coarticulation." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110660.

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Liska, Jan. "Akustické vlastnosti slovního přízvuku ve čtené české anglictině." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312449.

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key words: Czech English, foreign accent, word stress, word accent, stressed syllable, duration, f0, acoustic cues. This study investigates the acoustic properties of word stress in Czech English. The notion of foreign accent is introduced and its drawbacks are presented. Further on the various influences on the perceived degree, or strength, of foreign accent are discussed. Faulty realization of word stress is identified as one of the factors that contribute to unintelligibility of non-native speech (Benrabah, 1997; Hahn, 2004; Cutler, 1984). In Chapter 2 we compare the results of studies that used speakers of a variety of languages and form a basic theory on the acquisition of acoustic cues to word stress. We are mostly interested in f0 and duration. This theory, based on the feature hypothesis (McAllister et al., 2002 in Lee, Guion & Harada, 2006), states that languages that have a similar stress system to that of English (Dutch, Arabic) use their native cues to signal word stress, while non-contrastive languages (Vietnamese, Czech) prefer cue/s that are phonologically active on segmental level in their native language. Speakers of Vietnamese, a tone language, were found to prefer f0 over duration (Nguyen, 2003), so for Czech, a language that uses phonological vowel duration, it is expected that...
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LIOU-ZIH-YANG and 劉子揚. "Normalization and Prediction of Syllable Initial and Final Durations for speech Synthesis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49zkw8.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
105
In this thesis, normalization methods for syllable initial and final durations are studied. Also, a feature set is designed for Weka to construct classification and regression trees (CART) to predict the syllable initial and final durations of a text sentence to be synthesized. We hope to combine the two studies (duration normalization and duration prediction in terms of CART),to increase the naturalness level of the synthesized speech especially in the arrangement of initial an final durations. In the training stage, the original durations of syllable initial and final are obtained by reading the corresponding label file of a training sentence. Then, the method, two level standard deviation matching, proposed here is used to normalize the durations of syllable initials and finals. Next, the software, Weka, is used to construct two CART trees for the durations of syllable initials and finals respectively. In the synthesis stage, we develop program modules to predict the duration of a syllable initial or final according to the two CART constructed by Weka. Then these program modules are integrated to the speech synthesis system developed by predecessor researchers. Hence, the system can synthesize speech signals according to the duration normalization and prediction methods studied in this thesis. By using the synthesized speechs, we conduct two types of listening tests including naturalness level comparison and naturalness level MOS evaluation. According to the average scores obtained from the listening tests, naturalness level comparison, the duration prediction method studied here is indeed better than the method provided by predecessor researchers. This is because the arrangement of syllable initial and final durations by our method is more natural. In addition, according to the average scores obtained from the listening tests, naturalness level MOS evaluation, most participants agree that the synthetic speechs by using our duration prediction method are very close to the corresponding speechs uttered by a real speaker. In details, the average scores of our synthetic speechs are all greater than 3.5 points, and one of them is greater than 4 points. Therefore, the naturalness level of the synthetic speechs by using our duration normalization and prediction methods is very close to the speechs uttered by a real person.
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Books on the topic "Syllable duration"

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Reassessing the role of the syllable in Italian phonology: An experimental study of consonant cluster syllabification, definite article allomorphy and segment duration. New York: Routledge, 2007.

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Ehrenhofer, Lara, Adam C. Roberts, Sandra Kotzor, Allison Wetterlin, and Aditi Lahiri. Asymmetric processing of consonant duration in Swiss German. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0010.

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In Swiss German, which encodes a phonological contrast in consonant length, consonant duration signals the segment’s geminate status and, in medial position, indicates the word’s syllable structure. The present work investigates the interaction between these aspects of durational processing using the N400, an electrophysiological component which offers a fine-grained measure of the success of lexical access. A cross-modal semantic priming ERP study tested to what extent words with medial consonants whose duration had been phonetically lengthened or shortened (leading to an incorrect syllable structure) trigger lexical access. Behavioural and ERP results revealed a processing asymmetry: lengthening a singleton does not negatively impact lexical access, but shortening a geminate does. This asymmetry supports an underspecification account of the geminate/singleton contrast, and may indicate a bias towards initially parsing acoustic input according to a CV template.
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Kambourakis, Kristie McCrary. Reassessing the Role of the Syllable in Italian Phonology: An Experimental Study of Consonant Cluster Syllabification, Definite Article Allomorphy, and Segment Duration. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Kambourakis, Kristie McCrary. Reassessing the Role of the Syllable in Italian Phonology: An Experimental Study of Consonant Cluster Syllabification, Definite Article Allomorphy, and Segment Duration. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Kambourakis, Kristie McCrary. Reassessing the Role of the Syllable in Italian Phonology: An Experimental Study of Consonant Cluster Syllabification, Definite Article Allomorphy, and Segment Duration. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Kambourakis, Kristie McCrary. Reassessing the Role of the Syllable in Italian Phonology: An Experimental Study of Consonant Cluster Syllabification, Definite Article Allomorphy, and Segment Duration. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Kambourakis, Kristie McCrary. Reassessing the Role of the Syllable in Italian Phonology: An Experimental Study of Consonant Cluster Syllabification, Definite Article Allomorphy, and Segment Duration. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Karl-Heinz, Best, ed. Häufigkeitsverteilungen in Texten. Göttingen: Peust & Gutschmidt, 2001.

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Löfqvist, Anders. Articulatory coordination in long and short consonants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0006.

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This study examined interarticulator programming of lip and tongue movements in the production of single and geminate consonants in Japanese and Italian. One issue addressed is whether the traditional description of Japanese as mora-timed and Italian as syllable-timed is associated with differences in interarticulator programming at the segmental level. Native speakers of Japanese and Italian served as subjects. The linguistic material consisted of Italian and Japanese words forming minimal pairs, with a sequence of vowel-bilabial nasal-vowel, where the duration of the consonant was either long or short. Recordings were made of lip and tongue movements using a magnetometer system. The results show no evidence of any stable relative timing differences between Japanese and Italian. These findings are also very similar to the results of a study of American English. Thus, rhythm class does not appear to reliably influence the timing of lip and tongue movements.
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Dutoit, Thierry, and Yannis Stylianou. Text-to-Speech Synthesis. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0017.

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This article gives an introduction to state-of-the-art text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis systems, showing both the natural language processing and the digital signal processing problems involved. Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis is the art of designing talking machines. The article begins with brief user-oriented description of a general TTS system and comments on its commercial applications. It then gives a functional diagram of a modern TTS system, highlighting its components. It describes its morphosyntactic module. Furthermore, it examines why sentence-level phonetization cannot be achieved by a sequence of dictionary look-ups, and describes possible implementations of the phonetizer. Finally, the article describes prosody generation, outlining how intonation and duration can approximately be computed from text. Prosody refers to certain properties of the speech signal, which are related to audible changes in pitch, loudness, and syllable length. This article also introduces the two main existing categories of techniques for waveform generation: synthesis by rule and concatenative synthesis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Syllable duration"

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Reed, Beatrice Szczepek. "Time: Sound and Syllable Duration." In Analysing Conversation, 106–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04514-0_5.

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Lyu, Dau-cheng, Ren-yuan Lyu, Yuang-chin Chiang, and Chun-nan Hsu. "Language Identification by Using Syllable-Based Duration Classification on Code-Switching Speech." In Chinese Spoken Language Processing, 475–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11939993_50.

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Jasir, M. P., Kannan Balakrishnan, and K. U. Jaseena. "Random Forest and AdaBoost-DT: Ensemble Machine Learning Estimators to Model Malayalam Poem Syllable Duration." In Soft Computing: Theories and Applications, 355–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0707-4_33.

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Schäfersküpper, Paul, and Michael Dames. "Speech Rate and Syllable Durations in Stutterers and Nonstutterers." In Speech Motor Dynamics in Stuttering, 329–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6969-8_24.

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Fang, Tian. "Acoustic Durational Properties of Sonorant as Syllable Boundaries in Text-to-Speech Synthesis." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networks 2012 (GCN 2012): Volume 1, 767–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35419-9_90.

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"Vowel Duration, Syllable Quantity, and Stress in Dutch." In The Nature of the Word. The MIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7894.003.0012.

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Gussenhoven, Carlos. "Vowel Duration, Syllable Quantity, and Stress in Dutch." In The Nature of the Word, 180–97. The MIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262083799.003.0008.

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Turk, Alice, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel. "The prosodic governance of surface phonetic variation: Support for an alternative approach III." In Speech Timing, 132–45. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795421.003.0006.

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Effects of prosodic structure on surface phonetics are modeled in AP/TD in two ways: 1) via a set of PI and MuT adjustment mechanisms used to model lengthening effects at boundaries and on prominent syllables, and 2) via a hierarchy of coupled syllable, cross-word foot, and phrase oscillators, used to model poly-subconstituent shortening effects, and to control overall speech rate. These mechanisms are challenged by 1) findings presented in previous chapters that suggest that longer durations associated with boundaries and prominences are due to longer surface duration specifications, 2) findings presented here that show that polysyllabic shortening does not affect all words in an utterance, inconsistent with an oscillator-based mechanism that controls all aspects of any produced utterance, and 3) findings relating to speech rate presented in previous chapters which suggest that speech rate specifications relate to surface durations, rather than to planning oscillator frequencies. Patterns of speech timing presented in this chapter thus suggest that there are reasons to be uncertain whether periodicity is a major factor in speech motor control in typical speaking circumstances, and therefore call into question the use of suprasegmental oscillators.
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Gendrot, Cédric, Martine Adda-Decker, and Fabián Santiago. "Acoustic realization of vowels as a function of syllabic position." In Romance Phonetics and Phonology, 77–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739401.003.0005.

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Corpora of prepared speech were compared between two Romance languages: French and Spanish. Results of this comparison show that owing to its presence of lexical stress—itself involving acoustic strengthening—Spanish, in contrast to French, reveals acoustic strengthening with word-final lengthening. However, acoustic variations due to other factors such as vowel duration, speech rate, and presence of pause are similar in both languages, contradicting some findings of previous studies in this domain. Spanish Prosodic Words and French Accentual Phrases are closely analyzed, with data normalized by speaker. The major result of this study is that, while for both languages an overall strengthening of the vowels with a longer duration and a slower speech rate is observed, vowel strengthening due to syllable position within the word reveals significant differences between French and Spanish.
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Minkova, Donka. "Examining the Evidence for Phonemic Affricates: Middle English /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ or [t-ʃ], [d-ʒ]?" In Historical Dialectology in the Digital Age, 156–84. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430531.003.0008.

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Affricates represent an analytic challenge, as a category intermediate between simple stops and a sequence of a stop and a fricative. The paper traces the historical evidence for the development of OE [c], a single segment, to palatal [cj], assibilated [tʃ], the sequence [tʃ], and back to a single segment contour /t͡ʃ/, building on diagnostics like the blocking property of medial clusters versus singletons in resolution in OE verse, alliteration, metrical treatment in terms of syllable weight, data from language acquisition, phonetics in terms of durational properties, the interaction with Middle English sound changes, as well as the early neutralization of the singleton-geminate contrast. Further support comes from spelling, including a possible Celtic origin for OE <cg>, and <ch> spellings in LAEME as evidence supporting Orthographic Remapping of Palatal c. Finally, the author considers the impact of Old French loanwords, where the simplification of affricates in Anglo-Norman is argued to be delayed compared to Central French due to the existence of the sequences [tʃ] and [dʒ] in Middle English.
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Conference papers on the topic "Syllable duration"

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Campbell, W. Nick. "Syllable-level duration determination." In First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1989). ISCA: ISCA, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1989-328.

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Wakita, Yumi, and Eiichi Tsuboka. "State duration constraint using syllable duration for speech recognition." In 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994). ISCA: ISCA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-52.

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Takizawa, Yumi, and Eiichi Tsuboka. "Syllable duration prediction for speech recognition." In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-367.

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Hamdulla, Askar, Guzalnur Dilmurat, Gulnur Arkin, and Mijit Ablimit. "Statistical Analysis of Syllable Duration of Uyghur Language." In 2019 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp48816.2019.9037656.

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Wen-Hsing Lai and Sin-Horng Chen. "Analysis of syllable duration models for Mandarin speech." In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP-02. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.1005785.

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Lai, Wen-Hsing, and Sin-Homg Chen. "Analysis of syllable duration models for Mandarin speech." In Proceedings of ICASSP '02. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743763.

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Themistocleous, Charalabos. "Focus effects on syllable duration in Cypriot Greek." In 2nd Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2008/02/0061/000120.

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Jokisch, Oliver, Hongwei Ding, Hans Kruschke, and Guntram Strecha. "Learning syllable duration and intonation of Mandarin Chinese." In 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002). ISCA: ISCA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-528.

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Fant, Gunnar, Anita Kruckenberg, and Lennart Nord. "Prediction of syllable duration, speech rate and tempo." In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-219.

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Zu, Yiqing, Xiaoxia Chan, Aijun Li, Wu Hua, and Guohua Sun. "Syllable duration and its functions in standard Chinese discourse." In 6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2000). ISCA: ISCA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2000-512.

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