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Journal articles on the topic 'Sydney Region'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Nguyen Duc, Hiep, Lisa Chang, Toan Trieu, David Salter, and Yvonne Scorgie. "Source Contributions to Ozone Formation in the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region, Australia." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110443.

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Ozone and fine particles (PM2.5) are the two main air pollutants of concern in the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) due to their contribution to poor air quality days in the region. This paper focuses on source contributions to ambient ozone concentrations for different parts of the NSW GMR, based on source emissions across the greater Sydney region. The observation-based Integrated Empirical Rate model (IER) was applied to delineate the different regions within the GMR based on the photochemical smog profile of each region. Ozone source contribution was then modelled using the CCAM-CTM (Cubic Conformal Atmospheric model-Chemical Transport model) modelling system and the latest air emission inventory for the greater Sydney region. Source contributions to ozone varied between regions, and also varied depending on the air quality metric applied (e.g., average or maximum ozone). Biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were found to contribute significantly to median and maximum ozone concentration in North West Sydney during summer. After commercial and domestic sources, power generation was found to be the next largest anthropogenic source of maximum ozone concentrations in North West Sydney. However, in South West Sydney, beside commercial and domestic sources, on-road vehicles were predicted to be the most significant contributor to maximum ozone levels, followed by biogenic sources and power stations. The results provide information that policy makers can use to devise various options to control ozone levels in different parts of the NSW Greater Metropolitan Region.
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2

King, Robert J. "Common seaweeds of the Sydney region." Wetlands Australia 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.126.

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3

Middleton, Jason H., Deborah Cox, and Peter Tate. "The oceanography of the Sydney region." Marine Pollution Bulletin 33, no. 7-12 (January 1996): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(96)00170-1.

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4

Chang, Lisa, Yvonne Scorgie, Hiep Duc, Khalia Monk, David Fuchs, and Toan Trieu. "Major Source Contributions to Ambient PM2.5 and Exposures within the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030138.

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The coupled Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and Chemical Transport Model (CTM) (CCAM-CTM) was undertaken with eleven emission scenarios segregated from the 2008 New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) Air Emission Inventory to predict major source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and exposure in the NSW GMR. Model results illustrate that populated areas in the NSW GMR are characterised with annual average PM2.5 of 6–7 µg/m3, while natural sources including biogenic emissions, sea salt and wind-blown dust contribute 2–4 µg/m3 to it. Summer and winter regional average PM2.5 ranges from 5.2–6.1 µg/m3 and 3.7–7.7 µg/m3 across Sydney East, Sydney Northwest, Sydney Southwest, Illawarra and Newcastle regions. Secondary inorganic aerosols (particulate nitrate, sulphate and ammonium) and sodium account for up to 23% and 18% of total PM2.5 mass in both summer and winter. The increase in elemental carbon (EC) mass from summer to winter is found across all regions but particularly remarkable in the Sydney East region. Among human-made sources, “wood heaters” is the first or second major source contributing to total PM2.5 and EC mass across Sydney in winter. “On-road mobile vehicles” is the top contributor to EC mass across regions, and it also has significant contributions to total PM2.5 mass, particulate nitrate and sulphate mass in the Sydney East region. “Power stations” is identified to be the third major contributor to the summer total PM2.5 mass across regions, and the first or second contributor to sulphate and ammonium mass in both summer and winter. “Non-road diesel and marine” plays a relatively important role in EC mass across regions except Illawarra. “Industry” is identified to be the first or second major contributor to sulphate and ammonium mass, and the second or third major contributor to total PM2.5 mass across regions. By multiplying modelled predictions with Australian Bureau of Statistics 1-km resolution gridded population data, the natural and human-made sources are found to contribute 60% (3.55 µg/m3) and 40% (2.41 µg/m3) to the population-weighted annual average PM2.5 (5.96 µg/m3). Major source groups “wood heaters”, “industry”, “on-road motor vehicles”, “power stations” and “non-road diesel and marine” accounts for 31%, 26%, 19%, 17% and 6% of the total human-made sources contribution, respectively. The results in this study enhance the quantitative understanding of major source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and its major chemical components. A greater understanding of the contribution of the major sources to PM2.5 exposures is the basis for air quality management interventions aiming to deliver improved public health outcomes.
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5

Banks, Joanne L., Pat Hutchings, Belinda Curley, Luke Hedge, Bob Creese, and Emma Johnston. "Biodiversity conservation in Sydney Harbour." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 2 (2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15048.

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Biodiversity conservation is a major issue in ports and harbours as scientists, managers and the public become increasingly aware of the importance of healthy ecosystems to the wellbeing of urban populations. Sydney’s Harbour provides essential environmental, social and economic values to community, government and industry. Recent systematic reviews of the biological and physical characteristics of Sydney Harbour revealed high environmental and conservation value, especially considering the large numbers of people using its resources. However, like many coastal areas, the harbour has been subject to stressors such as habitat loss, metal, organic and nutrient pollution, the introduction of non-indigenous species, foreshore construction and commercial and recreational fishing. Here we outline the environmental assets of the harbour and the major threats, and report on current and developing conservation strategies. By learning about the progress of environmental management in Sydney Harbour, the difficulties faced and new planning strategies implemented, coastal and harbour environmental managers within the region can be better prepared when faced with similar challenges.
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6

Graham, Marnie, and Uncle Lexodious Dadd. "Deep-colonising narratives and emotional labour: Indigenous tourism in a deeply-colonised place." Tourist Studies 21, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797620987688.

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Sydney is an Indigenous place – Indigenous Country – infused with Indigenous stories and lore/Law. Yet as the original site of British colonisation in 1788, Sydney today is also a deeply-colonised place. Long-held narratives of Sydney as a colonial city have worked hard to erasure Indigenous peoples’ presences and to silence Indigenous stories of this place (Rey and Harrison, 2018). In recent years, however, Indigenous-led tours on Country are emerging in the Greater Sydney region, whereby Indigenous guides share with visitors stories of place, history, culture, language and connection. We write together as Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, in conversation with four Indigenous tour operators in the Greater Sydney region to reflect on their experiences of conducting Indigenous tours in this Indigenous-yet-deeply-colonised place. We document the kinds of ‘deep-colonising’ (Rose, 1996) narratives and assumptions the operators encounter during their tours and within the tourism industry, and highlight how Indigenous tour operators facilitate many non-Indigenous peoples in taking their first steps towards meaningful interactions with Indigenous Sydney-siders. We conclude that Indigenous tour operators undertake incredibly complex, confronting and challenging emotional labours trying to change the pervasive and deep-colonising narratives and assumptions about Indigenous peoples in the Greater Sydney region. In a world where the histories of thousands of cities ‘lie in dispossession and genocide of Indigenous peoples’ (Porter, 2020: 15), we argue for further and careful analytical attention on Indigenous tourism encounters in Indigenous – yet deeply-colonised – places.
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7

Farrant, P. A., and R. J. King. "The Subtidal seaweed communities of the Sydney Region." Wetlands Australia 2, no. 1 (October 17, 2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.59.

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8

Chadhokar, Yojana, and Lynette C. McLaughlin. "Interpretation at Wetland Sites in the Sydney Region." Journal of Interpretation Research 4, no. 1 (April 1999): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729900400104.

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Interpretation of wetland issues and values for the broader community, as well as for students, is regarded as an important strategy toward achieving better wetland management, reversing past degradation, and halting wetland loss along the east coast of Australia, where population pressure has heavily affected these systems. This paper presents the results of a review of interpretive and educational facilities and programs at five wetland sites across the Sydney region to gain a regional perspective on the provision of wetland education and interpretation of wetland ecology and conservation. This review considered goals, range of facilities and programs, wetland themes covered for the general public and in formal educational programs, and evaluation methods. The results are discussed in light of the overall goal of wetland conservation and more detailed goals at individual sites. Goals were found to focus primarily on “public awareness” of wetlands, a goal inadequate to meet the broader goal of long-term protection and conservation. At sites most accessible to the majority of the Sydney population, a considerable discrepancy existed between the aspects of wetland ecology and management presented to school groups and those presented to the general public, making it difficult to meet even the goal of public awareness.
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9

BLAIR, JOHN, and RON YARDLEY. "PLANNING FOR INDUSTRIAL LAND IN THE SYDNEY REGION." Australian Planner 29, no. 1 (March 1991): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1991.9657495.

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10

Jones, B. J., J. Flint, J. Collins, P. A. White, J. H. Lun, and D. N. Durrheim. "Gastroenteritis outbreak at a health function caused by an emerging recombinant strain of Norovirus GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012, Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 8 (April 16, 2018): 970–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000869.

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AbstractAn emerging recombinant norovirus GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain caused a gastroenteritis outbreak amongst attendees at a large health function in regional New South Wales, Australia. This was the third outbreak caused by the recombinant GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain in this region in 2017, which appears to be emerging as a common strain in the Hunter New England region.
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11

Martin, John, Kris French, and Richard Major. "Population and breeding trends of an urban coloniser: the Australian white ibis." Wildlife Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10047.

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Context. In the Sydney region, the population of Australian white ibis has dramatically increased from rare observations in the 1950s to a breeding season peak of 8900 in 2008, resulting with human–wildlife conflicts. Within natural habitats across the eastern states, the ibis population has declined, yet within urban environments ibis have been lethally managed for over 30 years. However, limited ecological and no regional population data are available for the Sydney region. Aims. The present study of ibis in the Sydney region aims to (1) establish the abundance of the population during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, (2) determine whether the population is increasing, and (3) identify the importance of different foraging and roosting sites. Methods. Across the Sydney region, we surveyed 54 discrete sites for 2.5 years. At each site, we recorded the number of adult, juvenile and nestling ibis as well as the number of active nests. The 54 sites were grouped into 15 areas consisting of five landfills and 10 suburbs, which were assessed with ANOVA. Key results. The ibis population of the Sydney region doubled from a peak of 4200 in 2006 to 8900 in 2008. Seasonal fluctuations saw adults migrating in to the region to breed, and adults and juveniles dispersing following breeding. On average, 44% of the population was located foraging within landfills, whereas 80% of nesting activity occurred within ‘urban-natural’ habitats. Conclusions. Seasonal fluctuations indicated that the ibis population of Sydney is connected with the broader state and national population. Landfills provided an abundant foraging resource that supported extended breeding, including consistent nesting for a 19-month period. Implications. The present study indicated that any localised population management has consequences beyond the immediate or regional population and, consequently, regional management plans or actions need to consider the long-term status of the eastern states’ population. Urban conflicts need to be resolved with human education and a conservation agenda, preferably with the provision of refuge habitat where birds are not disturbed.
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12

Corkill, Tessa. "Sourcing stone from the Sydney region: A hatchet job." Australian Archaeology 60, no. 1 (January 2005): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2005.11681803.

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13

Hoang, Long, Suk-Hwan Lee, Eung-Joo Lee, and Ki-Ryong Kwon. "GSV-NET: A Multi-Modal Deep Learning Network for 3D Point Cloud Classification." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010483.

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Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), which applies light in the formation of a pulsed laser to estimate the distance between the LiDAR sensor and objects, is an effective remote sensing technology. Many applications use LiDAR including autonomous vehicles, robotics, and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). The 3D point cloud classification is now a hot research topic with the evolution of LiDAR technology. This research aims to provide a high performance and compatible real-world data method for 3D point cloud classification. More specifically, we introduce a novel framework for 3D point cloud classification, namely, GSV-NET, which uses Gaussian Supervector and enhancing region representation. GSV-NET extracts and combines both global and regional features of the 3D point cloud to further enhance the information of the point cloud features for the 3D point cloud classification. Firstly, we input the Gaussian Supervector description into a 3D wide-inception convolution neural network (CNN) structure to define the global feature. Secondly, we convert the regions of the 3D point cloud into color representation and capture region features with a 2D wide-inception network. These extracted features are inputs of a 1D CNN architecture. We evaluate the proposed framework on the point cloud dataset: ModelNet and the LiDAR dataset: Sydney. The ModelNet dataset was developed by Princeton University (New Jersey, United States), while the Sydney dataset was created by the University of Sydney (Sydney, Australia). Based on our numerical results, our framework achieves more accuracy than the state-of-the-art approaches.
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14

McDougall, Lyn, and Marianne Porteners. "Asterolasia elegans (Rutaceae), a new species from the Sydney region." Telopea 4, no. 1 (September 26, 1990): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19904922.

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15

Leonard, M., A. Metcalfe, M. Lambert, and G. Kuczera. "Implementing a space-time rainfall model for the Sydney region." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.093.

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This paper investigates a Spatial Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse (SNSRP) model, which is one of only a few models capable of continuous simulation of rainfall in both space and time. The SNSRP is a spatial extension of the Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse model at a single point. The model is highly idealized having six parameters: storm arrival, cell arrival, cell radius, cell lifetime and two cell intensity parameters. A spatial interpolation of the scale parameter is used so that the model can be simulated continuously in space, rather than as a multi-site model. The parameters are calibrated using least-squares fits to statistical moments based on data aggregated to hourly and daily totals. The SNSRP model is calibrated to a very large network of 85 gauges over metropolitan Sydney and shows a good agreement to calibrated statistics. A simulation of 50 replicates over the region compares favourably to several observed temporal statistics, with an example given for one site. A qualitative discussion of the simulated spatial images demonstrates the underlying structure of non-advecting cylindrical cells.
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16

Lertsumitkul, Somsak, Phillip C. Myers, Michael T. O'Rourke, and Jay Chandra. "Endophthalmitis in the western Sydney region: a case-control study." Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 29, no. 6 (December 2001): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9071.2001.d01-20.x.

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17

Batley, GE, and JW Hayes. "Polyorganosiloxanes (Silicones) in the aquatic environment of the Sydney region." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 3 (1991): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910287.

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Polyorganosiloxanes, or silicones, common ingredients in a range of modern domestic and industrial formulations, have been detected in waters, surface microlayer samples, sewage discharges and estuarine sediments collected from the coastal zone near Sydney, New South Wales. High concentrations in sewage sludge (>100�g Si g-1) are not reflected in waters receiving a sewage discharge. However, the high affinity of hydrophobic silicones for large-surface-area clayey sediments leads to wide variability within a single waterbody, indicative of localized inputs. Furthermore, the fine structure of organosilicon sediment-depth profiles affords an excellent chemical indicator of a 1950 horizon, the approximate date of introduction of these compounds to Australia.
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18

Mayne, D., G. Morgan, A. Wilmore, A. Bauman, B. Jalaludin, H. Bambrick, N. Rose, B. Rodgers, and C. Bennett. "An objective index of walkability for the Sydney metropolitan region." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (December 2012): S32—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.077.

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19

McGUIRK, PAULINE. "The Political Construction of the City-Region: Notes from Sydney." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00712.x.

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20

Short, AD, and NL Trenaman. "Wave climate of the Sydney region, an energetic and highly variable ocean wave regime." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 4 (1992): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920765.

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Sydney is located in the south-west Pacific at 34°s and receives waves generated in the southern Coral and Tasman Seas. Waves are generated by five meteorological systems: tropical cyclones, east-coast cyclones, mid-latitude cyclones, zonal anticyclonic highs and local summer seabreezes. An examination of 20 years of Sydney wave data reveals that each source has a characteristic seasonality, location and spectrum, permitting the wave climate to be decomposed accordingly. Although at first glance the annual wave climate is both energetic and highly variable, a distinct seasonality is present, with the months of February-March and June experiencing the largest average monthly wave heights. Although moderate waves dominate the climate, extreme waves (>4 m) and/or low swell may occur in any month.
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21

Hess, G. D., K. J. Tory, M. E. Cope, S. Lee, K. Puri, P. C. Manins, and M. Young. "The Australian Air Quality Forecasting System. Part II: Case Study of a Sydney 7-Day Photochemical Smog Event." Journal of Applied Meteorology 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2094.1.

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Abstract The performance of the Australian Air Quality Forecasting System (AAQFS) is examined by means of a case study of a 7-day photochemical smog event in the Sydney region. This was the worst smog event for the 2000/ 01 oxidant season, and, because of its prolonged nature, it provided the opportunity to demonstrate the ability of AAQFS to forecast situations involving recirculation of precursors and remnant ozone, fumigation, and complex meteorological dynamics. The forecasting system was able to successfully predict high values of ozone, although at times the peak concentrations for the inland stations were underestimated. The dynamics for the Sydney region require a sensitive balance between the synoptic and mesoscale flows. Often high concentrations of ozone were advected inland by the sea breeze. On two occasions the system forecast a synoptic flow that was too strong, which blocked the inland advancement of the sea breeze. The peak ozone forecasts were underpredicted at the inland stations on those occasions. An examination of possible factors causing forecast errors has indicated that the AAQFS is more sensitive to errors in the meteorological conditions, rather than in the emissions or chemical mechanism in the Sydney region.
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22

Lun, Jennifer, Joanne Hewitt, Grace Yan, Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu, William Rawlinson, and Peter White. "Recombinant GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012 Was the Dominant Norovirus Identified in Australia and New Zealand in 2017." Viruses 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10100548.

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For the past two decades, norovirus pandemic variants have emerged every 3–5 years, and dominate until they are replaced by alternate strains. However, this scenario changed in 2016 with the co-circulation of six prevalent viruses, three of which possessed the pandemic GII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid. An increased number of institutional gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported within the Oceania region in mid-2017. This study identified emerging noroviruses circulating in Australia and New Zealand in 2017 to assess the changing dynamics of the virus infection. RT-PCR-based methods, next generation sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were used to genotype noroviruses from both clinical and wastewater samples. Antigenic changes were observed between the capsid of pandemic Sydney 2012 variant and the two new Sydney recombinant viruses. The combination of these antigenic changes and the acquisition of a new ORF1 through recombination could both facilitate their ongoing persistence in the population. Overall, an increased prevalence of GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012 viruses was observed in 2017, replacing the GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant that dominated in the region at the end of 2016. This shift in strain dominance was also observed in wastewater samples, demonstrating the reliability of wastewater as a molecular surveillance tool.
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23

Islam, Atiqul, Maurizio Labbate, Steven P. Djordjevic, Munirul Alam, Aaron Darling, Jacqueline Melvold, Andrew J. Holmes, et al. "Indigenous Vibrio cholerae strains from a non-endemic region are pathogenic." Open Biology 3, no. 2 (February 2013): 120181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120181.

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Of the 200+ serogroups of Vibrio cholerae , only O1 or O139 strains are reported to cause cholera, and mostly in endemic regions. Cholera outbreaks elsewhere are considered to be via importation of pathogenic strains. Using established animal models, we show that diverse V. cholerae strains indigenous to a non-endemic environment (Sydney, Australia), including non-O1/O139 serogroup strains, are able to both colonize the intestine and result in fluid accumulation despite lacking virulence factors believed to be important. Most strains lacked the type three secretion system considered a mediator of diarrhoea in non-O1/O13 V. cholerae . Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that the Sydney isolates did not form a single clade and were distinct from O1/O139 toxigenic strains. There was no correlation between genetic relatedness and the profile of virulence-associated factors. Current analyses of diseases mediated by V. cholerae focus on endemic regions, with only those strains that possess particular virulence factors considered pathogenic. Our data suggest that factors other than those previously well described are of potential importance in influencing disease outbreaks.
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24

Liu, Chunlu, Zhen Qiang Luo, Le Ma, and David Picken. "IDENTIFYING HOUSE PRICE DIFFUSION PATTERNS AMONG AUSTRALIAN STATE CAPITAL CITIES." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-715x.2008.12.237-250.

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Prior research supports the proposition that house price diffusion shows a ripple effect along the spatial dimension. That is, house price changes in one region would reflect in subsequent house price changes in other regions, showing certain linkages among regions. Using the vector autoregression model and the impulse response function, this study investigates house price diffusion among Australia's state capital cities, examining the response of one market to the innovation of other markets and determining the lagged terms for the maximum absolute value of the other markets’ responses. The results show that the most important sub‐national markets in Australia do not point to Sydney, rather towards Canberra and Hobart, while the Darwin market plays a role of buffer. The safest markets are Sydney and Melbourne. This study helps to predict house price movement trends in eight capital cities. Santrauka Ankstesnių tyrimų duomenimis, nekilnojamojo turto kainų kitimas sukelia bangų efektą atsižvelgiant į erdvinį matmenį. Tai yra nekilnojamojo turto kainų kitimus viename regione rodytų paskesnis nekilnojamojo turto kainų kitimas kituose regionuose. Taip ryškėja tam tikri glaudūs ryšiai tarp regionų. Taikant vektorinį autoregresinį modelį ir impulso perdavimo funkciją, šioje studijoje tiriama nekilnojamojo turto kainų kitimas tarp pagrindinių Australijos miestų, nagrinėjant vienos rinkos reakciją į kitų rinkų naujoves bei nustatant uždelstus terminus kitų rinkų reakcijų maksimaliai absoliutinei vertei. Rezultatai rodo, kad svarbiausios Australijos vidaus rinkos nėra orientuotos į Sidnėjų, bet labiau į Kanberą ir Hobartą. Darvino rinka atlieka buferio vaidmenį. Saugiausios rinkos yra Sidnėjus ir Melburnas. Ši studija padeda numatyti nekilnojamojo turto kainų judėjimo tendencijas aštuoniuose pagrindiniuose Australijos miestuose.
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25

Mitchel, M. L., and P. Adam. "The relationship between mangrove and saltmarsh communities in the Sydney region." Wetlands Australia 8, no. 2 (October 16, 2009): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.116.

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26

Lobo, Stanislaus Roque, Premaratne Samaranayake, and Tritos Laosirihongthong. "Quality management capabilities of manufacturing industries in the Western Sydney region." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 1232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2017-0046.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to, using a quality management assessment framework (QMAF), provide a comparative analysis of quality management capabilities of organisations categorised by size and groups, based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) code. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire-based survey was used for data collection. Statistical data analysis, including descriptive statistics, multivariate and univariate analysis of variance and Hsu’s multiple comparisons with/to the best post-hoc test results, was carried out to identify significant differences and similarities in total quality management capabilities between organisations based on the QMAF model. Findings Significant differences in quality management capabilities were identified between large organisations and SMEs while no significant differences were found to exist between medium- and small-size organisations. Most of the QMAF-based capabilities do not seem to show significant differences between the four groups of ANZSIC code of firms, except for partnering focus and business outcomes. Research limitations/implications The research was limited by the number of returned responses of survey questionnaire from manufacturing organisations in the Greater Western Sydney region. This research provides practitioners with practical guidelines for improving quality management capabilities and can become the basis for comparative analysis in other regions of Australia, and globally. In addition, the research findings can be used by government and quality associations to develop appropriate strategies and policies for supporting the development of quality enhancing programmes in SMEs. Originality/value The comparative analysis of quality management capabilities by organisational size and industry type advances the previous work on optimum pathways of achieving business outcomes using the QMAF model. In addition, the research has mapped out differences in quality management capabilities, based on a combined scope of size and industry type, especially in the Greater Western Sydney region where a large number of SMEs are located.
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27

Crawford, Jagoda, Alan Griffiths, David D. Cohen, Ningbo Jiang, and Eduard Stelcer. "Particulate Pollution in the Sydney Region: Source Diagnostics and Synoptic Controls." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 16, no. 4 (2016): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0081.

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28

Lind, Kimberly E., Mikaela Jorgensen, Chanelle Stowers, and Martyn Brookes. "HealthPathways: a detailed analysis of utilisation trends in the northern Sydney region." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 4 (2020): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20010.

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This study developed a model for using Google Analytics (GA) data to evaluate utilisation trends of the Sydney North HealthPathways portal. HealthPathways GA data merged with dates of page localisations and promotional events from March 2017 through June 2018 were analysed to evaluate engagement and use of HealthPathways, integration into clinical practice and how HealthPathways is used. Descriptive statistics and plots were generated for each clinical stream and page for the number of users per month (total, new and return users), mean time on page, navigation and search terms. The number of page views, new users and return users increased during the study period. Each clinical stream had between 26 and 2508 views, with a median of 199 views (interquartile range 84–461 views). Individual pages had 0–12388 total views. Return users visited seven times on average. Most usage occurred between mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Diabetes was the most frequently viewed and searched clinical stream, followed by palliative care. These streams had the greatest number of promotional events. Increasing use of and interaction with HealthPathways suggests that it is a useful tool to support clinical practice among northern Sydney primary care providers.
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Chang, Lisa, Hiep Duc, Yvonne Scorgie, Toan Trieu, Khalia Monk, and Ningbo Jiang. "Performance Evaluation of CCAM-CTM Regional Airshed Modelling for the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120486.

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A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the coupled Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and Chemical Transport Model (CTM) (CCAM-CTM) for the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) was conducted based on modelling results for two periods coinciding with measurement campaigns undertaken during the Sydney Particle Study (SPS), namely the summer in 2011 (SPS1) and the autumn in 2012 (SPS2). The model performance was evaluated for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) against air quality data from the NSW Government’s air quality monitoring network, and PM2.5 components were compared with speciated PM measurements from the Sydney Particle Study’s Westmead sampling site. The model tends to overpredict PM2.5 with normalised mean bias (NMB) less than 20%, however, moderate underpredictions of the daily peak are found on high PM2.5 days. The PM2.5 predictions at all sites comply with performance criteria for mean fractional bias (MFB) of ±60%, but only PM2.5 predictions at Earlwood further comply with the performance goal for MFB of ±30% during both periods. The model generally captures the diurnal variations in ozone with a slight underestimation. The model also tends to underpredict daily maximum hourly ozone. Ozone predictions across regions in SPS1, as well as in Sydney East, Sydney Northwest and Illawarra regions in SPS2 comply with the benchmark of MFB of ±15%, however, none of the regions comply with the benchmark for mean fractional error (MFE) of 35%. The model reproduces the diurnal variations and magnitudes of NO2 well, with a slightly underestimating tendency across the regions. The MFE and normalised mean error (NME) for NO2 predictions fall well within the ranges inferred from other studies. Model results are within a factor of two of measured averages for sulphate, nitrate, sodium and organic matter, with elemental carbon, chloride, magnesium and ammonium being underpredicted. The overall performance of CCAM-CTM modelling system for the NSW GMR is comparable to similar model predictions by other regional airshed models documented in the literature. The performance of the modelling system is found to be variable according to benchmark criteria and depend on the location of the sites, as well as the time of the year. The benchmarking of CCAM-CTM modelling system supports the application of this model for air quality impact assessment and policy scenario modelling to inform air quality management in NSW.
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Duc, Hiep, David Salter, Merched Azzi, Ningbo Jiang, Loredana Warren, Sean Watt, Matthew Riley, et al. "The Effect of Lockdown Period during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Quality in Sydney Region, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073528.

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In early 2020 from April to early June, the metropolitan area of Sydney as well as the rest of New South Wales (NSW, Australia) experienced a period of lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus in the community. The effect of reducing anthropogenic activities including transportation had an impact on the urban environment in terms of air quality which is shown to have improved for a number of pollutants, such as Nitrogen Dioxides (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), based on monitoring data on the ground and from a satellite. In addition to primary pollutants CO and NOx emitted from mobile sources, PM2.5 (primary and secondary) and secondary Ozone (O3) during the lockdown period will also be analyzed using both statistical methods on air quality data and the modelling method with emission and meteorological data input to an air quality model. By estimating the decrease in traffic volume in the Sydney region, the corresponding decrease in emission input to the Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System (WRF-CMAQ) air quality model is then used to estimate the effect of lockdown on the air quality especially CO, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 in the Greater Metropolitan Region (GMR) of Sydney. The results from both statistical and modelling methods show that NO2, CO, and PM2.5 levels decreased during the lockdown, but O3 instead increased. However, the change in the concentration levels are small considering the large reduction of ~30% in traffic volume.
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Preeti, Preeti, Yuri Shendryk, and Ataur Rahman. "Identification of Suitable Sites Using GIS for Rainwater Harvesting Structures to Meet Irrigation Demand." Water 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213480.

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This study uses a multi-criteria decision analysis approach based on geographic information system (GIS) to identify suitable sites for rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures (such as farm dam, check dam and contour bund) to meet irrigation demand in Greater Western Sydney region, New South Wales, Australia. Data on satellite image, soil, climate, and digital elevation model (DEM) were stored in GIS layers and merged to create a ranking system, which were then used to identify suitable RWH (rainwater harvesting) areas. The resulting thematic layers (such as rainfall, land use/land cover, soil type, slope, runoff depth, drainage density, stream order and distance from road) were combined into one overlay to produce map of RWH suitability. The results showed that 9% of the study region is ‘very highly suitable’ and 25% is ‘highly suitable’. On the other hand, 36% of the area, distributed in the north-west, west and south-west of the study region, is ‘moderately suitable’. While 21% of the region, distributed in east and south-east part of the region, has ‘low suitability’ and 9% is found as ‘unsuitable area’. The findings of this research will contribute towards wider adoption of RWH in Greater Western Sydney region to meet irrigation demand. The developed methodology can be adapted to any other region/country.
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Box, Gail P., and Taleb Hallal. "Optical properties of Sydney aerosols." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19001.

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Aerosol chemistry for PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter less than 2.5- and 10-μm aerodynamic diameter) samples collected in the Sydney region between November 2002 and December 2003 had been used to estimate size-resolved refractive index for Sydney. Seasonal PM10–2.5 chemistry was obtained by subtracting seasonal PM2.5 from seasonal PM10 chemical composition. The chemical compounds present were determined from the elemental composition using two methods: the SCAPE 2 chemical thermodynamic model and aerosol types based on marker elements. Refractive index was then calculated using a mass fraction approach. Both methods agreed within the error bars indicating that useful optical properties can be derived from elemental chemistry. For the fine mode (PM2.5), the real component of the refractive index was 1.46 ± 0.07 with no seasonal variation, but there were sea-sonal variations in imaginary component, 0.05 ± 0.02 in summer and 0.23 ± 0.05 in spring. The coarse mode (PM10–2.5) real refractive index was constant throughout the year at 1.47 ± 0.09, whereas the im-aginary refractive index was 0.01 ± 0.04 in summer and 0.04 ± 0.06 in spring. Representative refractive indices were then used to calculate aerosol scattering properties for three different size distributions to illustrate how this information could be used.
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33

Gardiner, Warren. "How the West Was Lost: Urban Development in the Western Sydney Region." Australian Quarterly 59, no. 2 (1987): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635435.

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34

Wray, R. A. L. "Alunite Formation within Silica Stalactites from the Sydney Region, South-eastern Australia." International Journal of Speleology 40, no. 2 (June 2011): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.40.2.3.

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35

Ullio, L. "STRAWBERRY PHYLLODY ON COLD-STORED (FRIGO) PLANTS IN THE SYDNEY REGION, AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 439 (September 1997): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.439.129.

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36

Robin, Offler, Och David, Phelan David, and Zwingmann Horst. "Mineralogy of, and evidence for, fluid flow in fault gouges, Sydney region." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2006, no. 1 (December 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2006ab126.

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37

MALIK, R., DL GRIFFIN, JD WHITE, M. ROZMANEC, PLC TISDALL, SF FOSTER, K. BELL, and FW NICHOLAS. "The prevalence of feline A/B blood types in the Sydney region." Australian Veterinary Journal 83, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12190.x.

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38

DISTLER, O., P. W. McQUEEN, M. L. TSANG, C. BYRNE, B. A. NEILAN, L. EVANS, R. PENNY, D. A. COOPER, and S. F. DELANEY. "Characterization of the V3 Region of HIV-1 Isolates from Sydney, Australia." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 11, no. 3 (March 1995): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.1995.11.423.

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39

Lim, Samsung, Fadhillah Norzahari, and Hyungseok Lee. "A GIS-based analysis of potential sewer choke in Western Sydney Region." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (June 3, 2010): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0601-y.

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40

Hebert, Kristen, and Ros Taplin. "Climate change impacts and coastal planning in the Sydney greater metropolitan region." Australian Planner 43, no. 3 (September 2006): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2006.9982501.

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41

Ravulo, Jioji. "Social work as a recognised profession in the Pacific region." International Social Work 62, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 712–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817747027.

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This article explores how social work is understood as a profession in the Pacific region, alongside forces of globalisation and the consequent neo-colonialism that can emerge where Western models are perceived as superior to indigenous models of social work. Eight Western Sydney University social work students who completed their final 500-hour field practicums in Fiji and Samoa between 2013 and 2015 provided feedback on their experience. Issues include the lack of recognition of social work as a profession, as it is often perceived to occur naturally within Pacific cultures, and the role of social work education in preparing qualified practitioners.
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42

Derman, WE. "Profile of medical and injury consultations of Team South Africa during the XXVIIIth Olympiad, Athens 2004." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (February 5, 2009): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2008/v20i3a277.

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Objective. This descriptive study was undertaken to document the nature of medical and injury consultations of the athletes and officials of the South African Team at the 2004 Olympic Games, and to provide data for planning future events. Setting. South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Methods. Total number of consultations and diagnoses were ascertained from medical logs and patient files which were completed daily by the members of the medical team. A retrospective clinical audit of medical records was then undertaken and the data were then compared with similar data collected during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Acute and chronic-soft tissue (muscle strain, ligament sprain, tendon injury, contusion or laceration) and bony injury were analysed in terms of nature of injury, grading of severity and anatomical region injured. Main outcome measures. Number of consultations due to medical complaints or injuries among athletes and officials. Results. A total of 180 medical consultations were logged during the time in Athens while 348 consultations were logged in Sydney. The daily consultation rate was 6 per day in Athens compared with 13 per day in Sydney. In Athens, 84% of consultations were with athletes and the remainder (16%) with officials – this was similar to Sydney. The most common medical complaints in Athens were dermatological (16%), ENT (13%), and respiratory (8%) in nature, which contrasts with the profile of consultations in Sydney (ENT 18%; neurological system 16% and respiratory 16%). Acute injury and chronic injury accounted for 26% and 14% of consultations respectively. In Athens, the most common acute and chronic injuries were soft-tissue injuries. The most common acute injury regions were the foot and ankle (25%), upper leg (17%) and knee (17%). A total 77% of acute injuries were grade I, 17% grade II and 6% grade III in severity. The most common chronic injury regions were foot and ankle (32%), lumbar spine (32%), and shoulder (11%). These injury profiles were similar to those documented in Sydney 2000. Conclusions. Injury and illness complaints of the South African team were fewer in Athens 2004 compared with those documented during Sydney 2000. This can be attributed to local environmental conditions and travel across time zones. These data should be useful for planning medical services for future multicoded events. The analysis of the nature of consultations suggests that it should be a prerequisite for physicians travelling with a multi-coded events team to have broad knowledge of both medical and injury management of athletes. Specifically, a sound knowledge of the management of soft-tissue injury is an important prerequisite for the personnel of the medical team. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 72-76
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43

Derman, WE. "Profile of medical and injury consultations of Team South Africa during the XXVIIIth Olympiad, Athens 2004." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2008): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2008/v20i3a277.

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Objective. This descriptive study was undertaken to document the nature of medical and injury consultations of the athletes and officials of the South African Team at the 2004 Olympic Games, and to provide data for planning future events. Setting. South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Methods. Total number of consultations and diagnoses were ascertained from medical logs and patient files which were completed daily by the members of the medical team. A retrospective clinical audit of medical records was then undertaken and the data were then compared with similar data collected during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Acute and chronic-soft tissue (muscle strain, ligament sprain, tendon injury, contusion or laceration) and bony injury were analysed in terms of nature of injury, grading of severity and anatomical region injured. Main outcome measures. Number of consultations due to medical complaints or injuries among athletes and officials. Results. A total of 180 medical consultations were logged during the time in Athens while 348 consultations were logged in Sydney. The daily consultation rate was 6 per day in Athens compared with 13 per day in Sydney. In Athens, 84% of consultations were with athletes and the remainder (16%) with officials – this was similar to Sydney. The most common medical complaints in Athens were dermatological (16%), ENT (13%), and respiratory (8%) in nature, which contrasts with the profile of consultations in Sydney (ENT 18%; neurological system 16% and respiratory 16%). Acute injury and chronic injury accounted for 26% and 14% of consultations respectively. In Athens, the most common acute and chronic injuries were soft-tissue injuries. The most common acute injury regions were the foot and ankle (25%), upper leg (17%) and knee (17%). A total 77% of acute injuries were grade I, 17% grade II and 6% grade III in severity. The most common chronic injury regions were foot and ankle (32%), lumbar spine (32%), and shoulder (11%). These injury profiles were similar to those documented in Sydney 2000. Conclusions. Injury and illness complaints of the South African team were fewer in Athens 2004 compared with those documented during Sydney 2000. This can be attributed to local environmental conditions and travel across time zones. These data should be useful for planning medical services for future multicoded events. The analysis of the nature of consultations suggests that it should be a prerequisite for physicians travelling with a multi-coded events team to have broad knowledge of both medical and injury management of athletes. Specifically, a sound knowledge of the management of soft-tissue injury is an important prerequisite for the personnel of the medical team. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 72-76
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44

Jeong, Bongchan, Jungsoo Kim, Zhenjun Ma, Paul Cooper, and Richard de Dear. "Identification of Environmental and Contextual Driving Factors of Air Conditioning Usage Behaviour in the Sydney Residential Buildings." Buildings 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030122.

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Air conditioning (A/C) is generally responsible for a significant proportion of total building energy consumption. However, occupants’ air conditioning usage patterns are often unrealistically characterised in building energy performance simulation tools, which leads to a gap between simulated and actual energy use. The objective of this study was to develop a stochastic model for predicting occupant behaviour relating to A/C cooling and heating in residential buildings located in the Subtropical Sydney region of Australia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of using A/C in living rooms and bedrooms, based on a range of physical environmental (outdoor and indoor) and contextual (season, day of week, and time of day) factors observed in 42 Sydney region houses across a two-year monitoring period. The resulting models can be implemented in building energy performance simulation (BEPS) tools to more accurately predict indoor environmental conditions and energy consumption attributable to A/C operation.
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45

O’Byrne, J. W. "Astronomy Courses for Adults in Sydney, Australia." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100087182.

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The University of Sydney has been associated with adult education courses for the general public for at least 70 years and astronomy has often been a part of this activity. Since 1976, these courses have been conducted by a succession of graduate students from the Astronomy and Astrophysics departments within the university. The courses were a part-time activity conducted with limited resources, but served as useful teaching experience. This arrangement continued until the end of 1987 when I left the university. I am pleased to report that this activity is considered sufficiently important to be continued by the permanent academic staff.Here I seek to briefly report on these astronomy courses by describing those that I conducted at the university over the last five years. I should firstly acknowledge the work of Dr. Graeme White in particular, for his earlier courses and continuing interest. Also, this discussion should be placed in context by recognizing that other astronomy courses are run in Sydney by professional and amateur astronomers through local evening colleges and other organizations. These vary in format, with many of the amateur-run courses emphasizing the practical aspects of sky observing. The displays and facilities provided by the Sydney Observatory also play an important role. Each activity helps to meet the demand in the Sydney region for astronomical education and thereby undoubtedly serves the interests of Australian astronomy.
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46

Lee, Tristan, Kyall R. Zenger, Robert L. Close, Marilyn Jones, and David N. Phalen. "Defining spatial genetic structure and management units for vulnerable koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the Sydney region, Australia." Wildlife Research 37, no. 2 (2010): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09134.

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Context. Mammal populations around the world are increasingly threatened with population fragmentation because of loss of habitat or barriers to gene flow. The investigation of koala populations in the Sydney region not only provides valuable information about this vulnerable species, but also serves as a model for other species that have suffered major rapid declines in population size, and are now recovering in fragmented habitat. The peri-urban study region allows investigation of the impact of landscape features such as major roads and housing developments on koala gene flow. Aims. Animals originating from four geographic sampling areas around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, were examined to determine population structure and gene flow and to identify barriers to gene flow and management units. Methods. The present study examined 12 microsatellite loci and used Bayesian assignment methods and genic frequency analysis methods to identify demographically separate populations and barriers to gene flow between those populations. Key results. Three discrete populations were resolved, with all displaying moderate to high levels of genetic differentiation among them (θ = 0.141–0.224). The allelic richness and heterozygosity of the Blue Mountains population (A = 6.46, HO = 0.66) is comparable to the highest diversity found in any koala population previously investigated. However, considerably lower genetic diversity was found in the Campbelltown population (A = 3.17, HO = 0.49), which also displayed evidence of a recent population bottleneck (effective population size estimated at 16–21). Conclusions. Animals separated by a military reserve were identified as one population, suggesting that the reserve maintains gene flow within this population. By contrast, strong differentiation of two geographically close populations separated by several potential barriers to gene flow suggested these land-use features pose barriers to gene flow. Implications. Implications of these findings for management of koala populations in the Greater Sydney region are discussed. In particular, the need to carefully consider the future of a military reserve is highlighted, along with possible solutions to allow gene flow across the proposed barrier regions. Because these are demographically separate populations, specific management plans tailored to the needs of each population will need to be formulated.
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Soltani, Ghazaleh, Bahar Saberzadeh- Ardestani, Masoud Sotoudeh, Siavosh Naseri -Moghaddam, Mohammad Hossein Derakhshan, Hiva Saffar, Amir Kasaeian, MohammadReza Chavoshi, and Alireza Sima. "Does Adding a Cardia Biopsy Improve Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Detection Rate by the Sydney System Protocol?" Archives of Iranian Medicine 25, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2022.63.

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Background: The Sydney system offers a standard biopsy protocol for detection and follow-up of gastric preneoplastic lesions such as intestinal metaplasia (IM). The highest frequency of cardia-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) in Iran has been documented in the north-western part of the country. This study aims to investigate the effect of the addition of mucosal biopsies of gastric cardia to the standard Sydney protocol on the rate of detection of IM in the asymptomatic residents of this high-risk region for proximal gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective new analysis was performed on the previous data obtained in cross-sectional endoscopic screening in 2000 as well as a biopsy study of 508 asymptomatic volunteer residents in Meshkinshahr district, Ardabil province. The screening study was conducted in a group of residents aged 40 years and older who did not have any previous GI or hemodynamic problems. Results: Intestinal metaplasia at the Sydney protocol sampling sites was detected in 107 samples belonging to 76 of the 508 (14.99%) volunteers. Twenty-one patients had IM at the cardia. Of these, five patients had IM-cardia (IM only at the cardia). Therefore, adding a cardia biopsy to the set of biopsies diagnosed five more IM cases which were not diagnosed on the standard Sydney protocol (P=0.062). Conclusion: The addition of a biopsy from the cardia to the Sydney protocol biopsy set does not seem to improve the frequency of detection of IM in the residents of this high-risk geographic area for proximal gastric carcinoma.
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48

Kumar, Ashwin. "The Use of Complementary Therapies in Western Sydney." Sociological Research Online 8, no. 1 (February 2003): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.784.

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This paper, based on a survey of 523 people in the western region of Sydney (Australia), explores the responses of a cross-sectional sample in terms of what respondents considered to be complementary therapeutics, who is using them, and how often. The paper also explores in a limited way some of the reasons for using complementary therapeutics and, in particular, why some people had elected not to use complementary therapeutics. Although past studies have been limited by the absence of a sound theoretical base for the understanding of complementary therapeutics and their use, the findings lend support to a pluralist vis-‡-vis post-modernist explanation.
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Storey, Michael Anthony, and Owen F. Price. "Prediction of air quality in Sydney, Australia as a function of forest fire load and weather using Bayesian statistics." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): e0272774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272774.

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Smoke from Hazard Reduction Burns (HRBs) and wildfires contains pollutants that are harmful to human health. This includes particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), which affects human cardiovascular and respiratory systems and can lead to increased hospitalisations and premature deaths. Better models are needed to predict PM2.5 levels associated with HRBs so that agencies can properly assess smoke pollution risk and balance smoke risk with the wildfire mitigation benefits of HRBs. Given this need, our aim was to develop a probabilistic model of daily PM2.5 using Bayesian regression. We focused on the region around Sydney, Australia, which regularly has hazard reduction burning, wildfires and associated smoke. We developed two regional models (mean daily and maximum daily) from observed PM2.5, weather reanalysis and satellite fire hotspot data. The models predict that the worst PM2.5 in Sydney occurs when PM2.5 was high the previous day, there is low ventilation index (i.e. the product of wind speed and planetary boundary layer height), low temperature, west to northwest winds in the Blue Mountains, an afternoon sea breeze and large areas of HRBs are being conducted, particularly to the west and north of Sydney. A major benefit of our approach is that models are fast to run, require simple inputs and Bayesian predictions convey both predicted PM2.5 and associated prediction uncertainty. Future research could include the application of similar methods to other regions, collecting more data to improve model precision and developing Bayesian PM2.5 models for wildfires.
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Yeung, C. William, Monica Woo, Kenneth Lee, and Charles W. Greer. "Characterization of the bacterial community structure of Sydney Tar Ponds sediment." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 6 (June 2011): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-032.

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The Sydney Tar Ponds is one of the largest toxic waste sites in Canada. The bacterial diversity and abundance in the Sydney Tar Ponds sediment was examined using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with four different primer sets. The clone library was grouped into 19 phylotypes that could be divided into five phyla: Proteobacteria (56.9%), Actinobacteria (35%), Acidobacteria (4.9%), Firmicutes (2.4%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.8%). Members of the phyla Actinobacteria (represented mainly by Mycobacterium spp.) and Alphaproteobacteria (represented by Acidocella spp.) comprised the majority of the clone library. This study also revealed that the phylogenetic results obtained from clone library analysis and from DGGE analysis, with all the primer sets, showed some variability. However, similar Mycobacterium spp. and Acidocella spp. were found in all the different DGGE analyses, again suggesting that these two genera are dominant in the Sydney Tar Ponds sediment. In addition, DGGE analysis indicated that primer sets targeting the V3 region produced results that were the most similar to those obtained with the clone library.
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