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Academic literature on the topic 'Sydney metropolitan water supply network'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sydney metropolitan water supply network"
1
Constantin, Albert Titus, Gheorghe I. Lazar, and Serban-Vlad Nicoara. "Water Quality Monitoring Sensors Optimum Location in a Metropolitan Supply Network." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.1.7853.
Full textAbstract:
The discrete numerical model developed by the help of TEVA-SPOT specialized software toolkit serves to a subsequent analysis that looks to estimate the water distribution system vulnerability in case of a contaminant agent release. The optimum location of the water quality sensors attached to a number of joints in the Timisoara (Romania) metropolitan water supply network can be reached in order to warn the company management and competent authorities and so to reduce the contamination effects upon the consumers.
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Wannapop, Rangsan, Thira Jearsiripongkul, and Krit Jiamjiroch. "Elevation Effect in Urban Water Distribution Model." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815309001.
Full textAbstract:
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) is Thailand's national government agency responsible for the supply of water to 3 provinces Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan with more than 2,384.9 km2 of service area and 2,281,058 consumers in the year 2016. Bangkok, which is both the capital and the economic center of the country, is densely populated. Consequently, there is a huge demand for water; MWA has to supply 5.914 million cubic meters of water per day. Because the metropolitan water supply area is a densely populated city, the water supply system is very complex like a spider’s web. For this reason, MWA has adopted EPANET software for its water supply managing tool in the main pipeline system. There are some mistakes in the main pipe network; the elevations of the nodes are not assigned, so there are some errors. In this study, we have assigned elevations for all nodes on the pipeline network based on mean sea level (MSL). After adjusting the elevation of each node, it was found that the new pipeline network has increased the correlation between means to 0.893 from the existing model mean of that is 0.803 of accuracy up 0.09 (11.2%).
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Lundie, S., G. Peters, and P. Beavis. "Quantitative systems analysis as a strategic planning approach for metropolitan water service providers." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 1, 2005): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0278.
Full textAbstract:
Sydney Water selected life cycle assessment (LCA) to inform a review of its overall strategic planning document: WaterPlan 21. This assessment covered the entire business and has enabled ecological sustainability to be assessed in terms of quantitative indicators. The LCA was performed by firstly examining a base case which would eventuate if Sydney Water maintained its current operations with only the modifications, augmentations and upgrades planned for implementation between now and 2021. We then performed a number of scenario analyses to examine the benefits of additional demand management, energy efficiency, energy generation, supply augmentation and effluent quality initiatives. The results indicated significant improvements are available and that some of these measures are more desirable than others. We also examined a scenario for the alternative delivery of water and wastewater services in new urban areas. This showed quantitatively that, since connecting new fringe suburbs to the existing system requires significant expenditure on energy for pumping, major improvements in the sustainability of water and wastewater systems can be achieved by using localised, water-saving alternatives.
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Maghrebi, Mojtaba, Claude Sammut, and Travis S. Waller. "Predicting the Duration of Concrete Operations Via Artificial Neural Network and by Focusing on Supply Chain Parameters." Building Research Journal 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/brj-2014-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Being able to precisely predict the duration of concrete operations can help construction managers to organize sites and machineries more efficiently, especially when there is limited space for equipment on site. Currently there is no theoretical method for estimating the duration of the concrete pouring process. Normally, the maximum capacity of pumping facilities on construction sites is not used, and concrete pumps are idle for a considerable time as a result of the arrival of concrete trucks being delayed. In the light of this issue, this paper considers the supply chain parameters of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) as a means of solving this problem. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is hired for modelling/predicting the productivity of a concrete operation. The proposed model is tested with a real database of an RMC in the Sydney metropolitan area that has 17 depots and around 200 trucks. Results show that there is an improvement in the achieved results when these are compared to the results of relevant studies that only considered the construction parameters for predicting the productivity of concrete operations
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Méndez, Javier, Ana Audicana, Mercedes Cancer, Anna Isern, Julian Llaneza, Belén Moreno, Mercedes Navarro, et al. "Assessment of drinking water quality using indicator bacteria and bacteriophages." Journal of Water and Health 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial indicators and bacteriophages suggested as potential indicators of water quality were determined by public laboratories in water from springs, household water wells, and rural and metropolitan water supplies in north-eastern Spain. Indicator bacteria were detected more frequently than bacteriophages in springs, household water wells and rural water supplies. In contrast, positive bacteriophage detections were more numerous than those of bacteria in metropolitan water supplies. Most of the metropolitan water supply samples containing indicators had concentrations of chlorine below 0.1 mg l−1, their indicator loads resembling more closely those of rural water supplies than any other samples taken from metropolitan water supplies. The number of samples from metropolitan water supplies containing more than 0.1 mg l−1 of chlorine that contained phages clearly outnumbered those containing indicator bacteria. Some association was observed between rainfall and the presence of indicators. Sediments from service reservoirs and water from dead ends in the distribution network of one of the metropolitan water supplies were also tested. Bacterial indicators and phages were detected in a higher percentage than in samples of tap water from the same network. Additionally, indicator bacteria were detected more frequently than bacteriophages in sediments of service reservoirs and water from dead end samples. We conclude that naturally occurring indicator bacteria and bacteriophages respond differently to chlorination and behave differently in drinking water distribution networks. Moreover, this study has shown that testing for the three groups of phages in routine laboratories is easy to implement and feasible without the requirement for additional material resources for the laboratories.
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Leonard, M., A. Metcalfe, M. Lambert, and G. Kuczera. "Implementing a space-time rainfall model for the Sydney region." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.093.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates a Spatial Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse (SNSRP) model, which is one of only a few models capable of continuous simulation of rainfall in both space and time. The SNSRP is a spatial extension of the Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse model at a single point. The model is highly idealized having six parameters: storm arrival, cell arrival, cell radius, cell lifetime and two cell intensity parameters. A spatial interpolation of the scale parameter is used so that the model can be simulated continuously in space, rather than as a multi-site model. The parameters are calibrated using least-squares fits to statistical moments based on data aggregated to hourly and daily totals. The SNSRP model is calibrated to a very large network of 85 gauges over metropolitan Sydney and shows a good agreement to calibrated statistics. A simulation of 50 replicates over the region compares favourably to several observed temporal statistics, with an example given for one site. A qualitative discussion of the simulated spatial images demonstrates the underlying structure of non-advecting cylindrical cells.
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Garcia, V., and R. Devesa. "Supply of blends of desalinated seawater: effects on the flavour." Water Supply 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.874.
Full textAbstract:
The metropolitan area of Barcelona suffers from a well known lack of water resources. To mitigate this situation the El Prat Desalination Plant, a seawater reverse osmosis (RO) facility, is scheduled to come into operation during 2009. The network management project foresees supply in the southern area of the city of a blend of desalinated seawater and water from the River Llobregat. The latter could be treated in two ways: by conventional treatment consisting of the predioxychlorination, clarification, sand filtration, GAC filtration and postchlorination stages, or by means of this same process with an additional electrodialysis reversal (EDR) stage prior to postchlorination. In this study, an estimation of the organoleptic characteristics of the blends was carried out by trained and untrained sensory panels. The water samples for tasting were RO desalinated seawater (Tordera Plant), treated water from the Llobregat (Sant Joan Despí water treatment plant working under adequate conditions for the study), and the effluent from an EDR pilot plant. The results of the ranking, scoring and triangle difference tests indicated that the quality of the 50/50 blends improved in relation to the water from the Llobregat, although without reaching the level of quality of the water from the Ter basin, Barcelona's other important resource (North area).
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Levallois, P., J. Grondin, and S. Gingras. "Evaluation of Consumer Attitudes on Taste and Tap Water Alternatives in Québec." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 6 (September 1, 1999): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0282.
Full textAbstract:
A telephone survey carried out in 1995 in the Québec metropolitan area reached 2009 residents of four municipalities. Tap water was consumed regularly by only 50.8 percent of the consumers and bottled water by 42.7 %. Consumer dissatisfaction regarding the quality of tap water was noted. Fourteen percent were dissatisfied with the odor, and 30.6 % with the taste or flavor. Health risks, regarding ingestion of tap water, were mainly not perceived or seen only as a minor issue to consumers. Multiple regression analysis indicated that knowledge of the source of the water was not a major determinant for selecting alternatives to tap water (e.g., bottled water or use of home treatment devices). Such use of alternatives was in fact six times higher in consumers dissatisfied with the taste of the water (OR = 6.0, p = 0.001) and only 35 % higher if people were connected to a distribution network using the St. Lawrence River as the source of supply (OR = 1.35, p = 0.01). No explanation was given for the taste problem reported.
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Kus, B., J. Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, and H. K. Shon. "Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.823.
Full textAbstract:
Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lead found in rain water (used as drinking water) may have a cumulative and poisonous effect on human health over a life time. This is true for certain factors that underlie many of the chronic illnesses that are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society. The paper reports on a study which is part of a project that aims to develop a cost effective in-line filtration system to improve water quality in rainwater tanks. To enable this, the characteristics of rainwater need to be known. One component of this characterization is to observe the effects of the first flush on a rainwater tank. Samples of the roof runoff collected from an urban residential roof located in the Sydney Metropolitan Area in the initial first few millimetres of rain were analysed. The results show that bypassing the first 2 mm of rainfall gives water with most water quality parameters compliant with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) standards. The parameters that did not comply were lead and turbidity, which required bypassing approximately the first 5 mm of rainfall to meet ADWG standards. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) analysis showed that the concentration of rainwater organic matter (RWOM) decreased with increasing amount of roof runoff.
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Ripl, W. "Management of Water Cycle: An Approach to Urban Ecology." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.016.
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Abstract Densely populated urban areas, which have developed over the last century, depend heavily on centralized water supply, sewage treatment plants, and hydroelectric or thermal power generation with vast demand of cooling water. Considerable areas have been drained or sealed, and the short-circuited water cycle has been distorted. Large rivers have been converted to shipping canals with the permanent risk of accidental pollution. Technical means such as sewage treatment, air filters, emission control and lake and soil restoration measures have contributed to correct the environmental damage. However, a balance sheet for irreversible matter losses (mainly base cation charges) from the urbanized areas and the surrounding landscape into the sea shows ever-increasing trends. These losses are destabilizing the ecosystems. In this paper, management of the water cycle in urban areas, together with the coupled matter cycles, is discussed. Particular reference is given to Metropolitan Berlin, with a network of shipping canals, which move biologically treated waste, containing base cations and nutrients to the surrounding rural areas. This could create manageable productive wetlands and re-establish soil fertility. At the same time, the natural cooling system close to the urban areas will be improved by providing more areas with permanent vegetation. In addition, reduction of the present large oscillations of the groundwater table, resulting from groundwater pumping and its recharge with less polluted surface water, is contemplated. The widely used shoreline infiltration of the Havel River should then be eliminated and the severe damage of the littoral vegetation in large sections of the Havel River system be avoided.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sydney metropolitan water supply network"
1
Furler, Wayne, and n/a. "Factors influencing phytoplankton composition in Wingecarribee and Fitzroy Falls Reservoirs." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.092625.
Full textAbstract:
Wingecarribee and Fitzroy Falls Reservoirs are part of the Shoalhaven
system within the Sydney metropolitan water supply network and are both
shallow, well mixed, polymictic water bodies. After construction in 1973,
land use activities within the catchments changed from low intensity grazing
to more intensive practices such as dairying, particularly on the northern
foreshore of Wingecarribee Reservoir, and vegetable farming around Fitzroy
Falls Reservoir. The change in land use practice raised concerns about the
possible impact on water quality of the reservoirs. This study sought to
differentiate between the influence of catchment effects, inter-reservoir
transfers and seasonality to enable an assessment of long term trends in
water quality to be made.
Data collected on a monthly basis by the Water Board between October
1973 and December 1985 were assessed and representative or 'indicator'
variables for the different influences were selected. Classification of the
phytoplankton to create sample clusters followed by discriminant analysis of
the abiotic data were performed to rank the 'indicator' variables
The classification analyses indicated that time of sampling was more
important than site differences in determining clustering and that both
Wingecarribee and Fitzroy Falls Reservoirs were well mixed and similar. The
influence of chronological changes following the initial filling of the
reservoirs, seasonality and inter-reservoir transfers were detected in the
clustering patterns. Changes attributable to land use activities within the
catchments were not detected. The reduction in concentrations of variables
from high values following the initial filling of the reservoirs was the
main influence regulating clustering between 1974 to 1982 and the influence
of seasonality on clustering was most apparent during 1976 and 1978. The
assessment of the influence of inter-reservoir transfers was restricted
because of limited data.
Seasonal periodicities and ongoing changes in the phytoplankton and
physical and chemical data over the study period were assessed as a means of
interpreting and verifying the analysis results.