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Mayo, Maldonado Jonathan. "Switched linear differential systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383678/.
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In this thesis we study systems with switching dynamics and we propose new mathematical tools to analyse them. We show that the postulation of a global state space structure in current frameworks is restrictive and lead to potential difficulties that limit its use for the analysis of new emerging applications. In order to overcome such shortcomings, we reformulate the foundations in the study of switched systems by developing a trajectory-based approach, where we allow the use of models that are most suitable for the analysis of a each system. These models can involve sets of higher-order differential equations whose state space does not necessarily coincide. Based on this new approach, we first study closed switched systems, and we provide sufficient conditions for stability based on LMIs using the concept of multiple higher order Lyapunov function. We also study the role of positive-realness in stability of bimodal systems and we introduce the concept of positive-real completion. Furthermore, we study open switched systems by developing a dissipativity theory. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for dissipativity in terms of LMIs constructed from the coefficient matrices of the differential equations describing the modes. The relationship between dissipativity and stability is also discussed. Finally, we study the dynamics of energy distribution networks. We develop parsimonious models that deal effectively with the variant complexity of the network and the inherent switching phenomena induced by power converters. We also present the solution to instability problems caused by devices with negative impedance characteristics such as constant power loads, using tools developed in our framework.
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Skowronn, Dietmar Reinhard. "Simulation of Switched Linear Networks." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4644.
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This thesis deals with the time-domain analysis of switched linear networks and investigates inherent problems which have to be considered when analyzing this class of networks. Computer simulation requires the use of numerical methods and we focus on the transmission -line modelling technique (TLM) and the numerical inverse Laplace transform. A general approach based on the one-graph modified nodal description is given which allows the formulation of circuit equations of a TLM-modelled circuit by inspection. The numerical equivalence of TLM and trapezoidal rule has been found and a proof is given. A variable step size simulator has been developed based on the 4th order numerical inverse Laplace transform. The properties of this method are reviewed and its limitations are discussed. Simulation results are given to illustrate capabilities of the simulator.
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Babaali, Mohamed. "Switched Linear Systems: Observability and Observers." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04122004-073020/unrestricted/babaali%5Fmohamed%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.Verriest, Erik, Committee Member ; Wardi, Yorai, Committee Member ; Yezzi, Anthony, Committee Member ; Wang, Yang, Committee Member ; Egerstedt, Magnus, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).
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Ansari, Fardin. "Circuit Modeling of Switched Linear Networks." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4658.
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The use of switched linear networks is prevalent in power processing systems such as dc-to-dc power converters. These converters provide regulated dc output power and are widely used in the power supplies for computers and peripherals. As with most systems where high performance is a criterion, the power converter is usually enclosed in a feedback loop. Feedback design usually entails the use of small signal (linear) models with linear feedback design techniques. There exists a large number of small signal models, but most of them are ad hoc. A describing function approach has previously been presented which determines the exact small signal frequency response of the converters. This method is now used to systematically derive circuit models for power converters. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to model the nonlinear part of the switching converters which are simply the switches. This study is focused on the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) class of converters. Majority of available models are not very accurate because they are averaged models. The aim of the new approach is to obtain accurate and simple model. A partial realization of this aim has been achieved; the new model is accurate over a very wide frequency range, but presently the parameters are rather complicated.
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Wolovitz, Lionel Berel. "Computer aided analysis of periodically switched linear networks." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305606.
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Ouhab, Boussad. "Optimisation of a cylindrical linear switched reluctance motor." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419026.
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MacCleery, Brian C. "Position Sensorless Implementation for a Linear Switched Reluctance Machine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33856.
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The development of an add-on sensorless position estimator for a 4.8 m Linear Switched Reluctance Machine (LSRM) with minimal modifications to the transducer-based controller is investigated for the first time in this study. LSRMs require position feedback for closed-loop control but present a low cost, high energy efficiency alternative for linear actuation due to their rugged construction and single-sided excitation. Mechanical position transducers mounted on the vehicle are expensive and can impact reliability. The use of a sensorless position estimator removes all electronics from the passive vehicle, resulting in considerable reductions in cost, maintenance, and mechanical complexity.
This study examines the use of an add-on processor and data acquisition system for sensorless position estimation. An approach exploiting the active phase windings is used to preserve the normal operation of the transducer-based DSP controller with the goal of limiting reductions in high performance features such as force ripple reduction and velocity control [3]. The estimator system is retrofit to the transducer-based DSP controller by mimicking the output of a mechanical position sensor by emulating a Quadrature encoder. The feasibility and design issues for an add-on or retrofit position estimator are investigated. Although sensorless schemes for rotary Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) have been studied in detail, the problem of sensorless implementations for LSRMs has not been addressed. Experimental validation of the proposed sensorless estimation scheme is attempted, but closed-loop operation is not achieved successfully due to air gap fluctuations. In depth analysis of the sources and propagation of error is presented.Master of Science
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Lutz, Collin C. "Switched Markov Jump Linear Systems: Analysis and Control Synthesis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50859.
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Markov jump linear systems find application in many areas including economics, fault-tolerant control, and networked control. Despite significant attention paid to Markov jump linear systems in the literature, few authors have investigated Markov jump linear systems with time-inhomogeneous Markov chains (Markov chains with time-varying transition probabilities), and even fewer authors have considered time-inhomogeneous Markov chains with a priori unknown transition probabilities. This dissertation provides a formal stability and disturbance attenuation analysis for a Markov jump linear system where the underlying Markov chain is characterized by an a priori unknown sequence of transition probability matrices that assumes one of finitely-many values at each time instant. Necessary and sufficient conditions for uniform stochastic stability and uniform stochastic disturbance attenuation are reported. In both cases, conditions are expressed as a set of finite-dimensional linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that can be solved efficiently. These finite-dimensional LMI analysis results lead to nonconservative LMI formulations for optimal controller synthesis with respect to disturbance attenuation. As a special case, the analysis also applies to a Markov jump linear system with known transition probabilities that vary in a finite set.Ph. D.
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Carniato, Leonardo Ataide. "Robust H∞ switched static output feedback control design for linear switched systems subject to actuator saturation /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183007.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Este trabalho dedica-se ao estudo do problema de controle robusto envolvendo custo H∞ para sistemas lineares chaveados no tempo contínuo, sujeitos à saturação no atuador e com incertezas politópicas, considerando leis de chaveamento e controladores chaveados dependentes da saída da planta. Os métodos propostos oferecem novas condições baseadas em Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (LMIs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities) para o projeto de controladores chaveados utilizando funções de Lyapunov dependentes de parâmetros. O método é baseado em um resultado recentemente introduzido na literatura para o projeto de controle H∞ de saída o qual evita igualdades matriciais lineares (LMEs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Equalities) e a necessidade de impor restrições nas matrizes de saída do sistema, isto é, as matrizes de saída do sistema podem ser de posto linha incompleto. Com o objetivo de estender estes resultados, a restrição de saturação no atuador é estudada. Análises teóricas e resultados de simulações mostram que os novos procedimentos são menos conservativos quando comparados a métodos publicados recentemente na literatura. No método proposto, as condições são uma classe particular de desigualdades matriciais bilineares (BMIs - do inglês, Bilinear Matrix Inequalities), as quais contêm alguns termos bilineares devido à multiplicação de matrizes por escalares. Estes termos estão relacionados à combinação convexa das matrizes de chaveamento bem como a outros parâmetros escalare... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis is devoted to the study of the robust H∞ control problem of continuous-time switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation with polytopic uncertainties, considering an output-dependent switching law and a switched static output feedback controller. The proposed method offers new sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for designing the switched controllers using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. The method is based on a static output feedback H∞ control design recently presented in the literature that avoids linear matrices equalities (LMEs) and the need to impose any constraints on output system matrices, that is, the output matrices of the system are allowed to be of non-full row rank. In order to extend those results, the actuator saturation constraint is also studied. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that these new procedures are less conservative than recent methods available in the literature. The conditions of the proposed methods are a particular class of Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (BMIs), which contain some bilinear terms as the product of a matrix and a scalar, related to a suitable convex combination and scalars parameters to provide extra free dimensions in the solution space. The hybrid algorithm Differential Evolution-Linear Matrix Inequality (DE-LMI), is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions of this particular NP-hard problem. Examples show that the proposed methodologies reduce the design ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Ohlsson, Henrik, and Lennart Ljung. "Identification of switched linear regression models using sum-of-norms regularization." Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-92612.
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This paper proposes a general convex framework for the identification of switched linear systems. The proposed framework uses over-parameterization to avoid solving the otherwise combinatorially forbidding identification problem, and takes the form of a least-squares problem with a sum-of-norms regularization, a generalization of the ℓ1-regularization. The regularization constant regulates the complexity and is used to trade off the fit and the number of submodels.Funding Agencies|Swedish foundation for strategic research in the center MOVIII||Swedish Research Council in the Linnaeus center CADICS||European Research Council|267381|Sweden-America Foundation||Swedish Science Foundation||
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Duan, Chang. "Analysis and Control of Switched Linear Systems Using Different Switching Strategies." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3586263.
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As a subclass of hybrid systems that exhibiting both continuous and discrete dynamics, switched systems typically consists of a family of differential/difference equations and a rule that orchestrates the switching among them. Switched systems provide a useful mechanism to model complex dynamics that are subject to abrupt parameter variations and sudden changes of system configurations. Moreover, as an additional degree of freedom besides control laws, switching strategies can be utilized to improve system performance as seen in many engineering systems such as electronics, communication network, power systems, automobile and traffic control. Nevertheless, analysis and control design of switched systems are difficult and pose significant challenges for control researchers and engineers. This dissertation is dedicated to analysis and control design of switched linear systems using different switching strategies.
We first study the analysis and control problem of switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation under controlled switching. With a state-dependent switching strategy and linear differential inclusion (LDI) description of the saturated switched systems, both stabilization and output feedback control design problem are addressed. Initially, we proposed an approach based on polytopic differential inclusion (PDI) description of the saturated system. We then found two major drawbacks of this approach: 1) Computational cost grows drastically when the number of control inputs increases. 2) A conservative set mapping results in conservativeness in the synthesis conditions. Thus we proposed another approach based norm-bounded differential inclusion (NDI) characterization of the saturated system that performs better than the previous approach in these two aspects mentioned above.
We then investigate the inherent chattering behavior of the well-known state-dependent minimum switching strategy since chattering is undesirable in practice. To mitigate chattering, we developed a relaxed min-switching strategy based on the idea that switching is not forced whenever a different subsystem obtains the minimum of the Lyapunov function but held until the minimum of the Lyapunov function falls below the Lyapunov function of the active subsystem by certain margin. Based on this idea, a tunable parameter, which is related to how large the margin will be, is introduced into the switching rule. Consequently, stability analysis and control synthesis conditions are derived in terms of modified Lyapunov-Metzler inequalities.
The above mentioned relaxed min-switching strategy can effectively reduce the frequency of the switching. However, as a state-dependent switching strategy, it cannot guarantee how slow the switching can be in terms of the activation time of each subsystem. This motivates us to consider time-driven switching strategies. The so-called ”dwell-time” and ”average dwell-time” based switching strategies are the most popular time-driven switching strategies. Nevertheless, they are restricted to the class of switched systems with some or all stable subsystems. In view of this, a novel mixed state-dependent and time-driven switching strategy is developed for switched systems with all unstable subsystems. It guarantees the stability of the switched system with a sufficiently small dwell time by enforcing a decrement of the Lyapunov function at each switch. Moreover, it provides a more general framework of analyzing switched linear systems as it contains the min-switching and the relaxed min-switching as special cases when dwell-time is not concerned. When dwell-time is concerned, it eliminates the chattering behavior commonly observed in min-switching based designs.
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Lee, Byeong-Seok. "Linear Switched Reluctance Machine Drives with Electromagnetic Levitation and Guidance Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29751.
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Many electrically propelled, and magnetically levitated and guided actuation systems (maglev) use either linear induction or synchronous machine topologies. From the cost, reliability, fault tolerance, and phase independence points of view, linear switched reluctance topologies are attractive for transportation application. This thesis investigates a novel topology in which a linear switched reluctance machine (LSRM) propulsion drive is incorporated in the magnetically levitated and guided vehicle. Designs of the LSRM and dc electromagnet, analytical aspects of modeling and dynamics of the vehicle, and closed loop control of propulsion, levitation, and guidance systems are discussed with comprehensive simulations and experimental results.
Due to the lack of standard design procedure for LSRM, a novel design procedure is proposed using the current knowledge and design procedure of rotating switched reluctance machines. Analysis procedures for the phase winding inductance, propulsion and normal forces with translator position are developed with a lumped-parameter magnetic circuit model and the results from it are verified with two-dimensional finite element analysis. Extensive experimental correlation of inductance, propulsion and normal forces to validate the analysis and design procedure is presented.
For the stable operation of the electromagnetic levitation and guidance systems, which have inherent unstable characteristics, the air gap position and force/current control loops are designed using PID (or PD) and PI controllers, respectively, and implemented and tested. The step-by-step design procedures for each controller are systematically derived. A feedforward compensation strategy for the levitation air gap control is proposed to reject the external force disturbance mainly caused by the normal force component generated in the LSRM propulsion drive system. The reduction of mechanical vibration and hence the enhancement of ride quality is achieved. Extensive dynamic simulations and experimental results for the integrated maglev system are presented with a 6 m long prototype system. Experimental correlation proves the validity of the controller design procedure based on the single-input and single-output model, and shows the feasibility of the LSRM-propelled electromagnetic levitation and guidance systems.
A novel maglev topology in which only two sets of LSRMs are utilized to control individually propulsion, levitation, and guidance forces is proposed. One set of the linear switched reluctance actuator produces the levitation and propulsion forces and the other set generates the propulsion and guidance forces. The proposed architecture, thereby, obviates the need for design, development, and implementation of separate actuation systems for individual control of propulsion, levitation, and guidance forces and in contrast to most of the present practice. Further, the proposed system utilizes each of the linear switched reluctance actuation system for producing the propulsion force, thereby giving an overall high force density package for the entire system. The feasibility of the proposed system by finite element analysis is demonstrated.Ph. D.
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Mazanti, Guilherme. "Stability and stabilization of linear switched systems in finite and infinite dimensions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX045/document.
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Motivée par les travaux précédents sur la stabilisation de systèmes à excitation persistante, cette thèse s'intéresse à la stabilité et à la stabilisation de systèmes linéaires à commutation en dimensions finie et infinie. Après une introduction générale présentant les principales motivations et les résultats importants de la littérature, on aborde quatre sujets.On commence par l'étude d'un système linéaire en dimension finie à commutation aléatoire. Le temps passé en chaque sous-système $i$ est choisi selon une loi de probabilité ne dépendant que de $i$, les commutations entre sous-systèmes étant déterminées par une chaine de Markov discrète. On caractérise les exposants de Lyapunov en appliquant le Théorème Ergodique Multiplicatif d'Oseledets à un système associé en temps discret, et on donne une expression pour l'exposant de Lyapunov maximal. Ces résultats sont appliqués à un système de contrôle à commutation. Sous une hypothèse de contrôlabilité, on montre que ce système peut être stabilisé presque surement avec taux de convergence arbitraire, ce qui est en contraste avec les systèmes déterministes à excitation persistante.On considère ensuite un système de $N$ équations de transport avec amortissement interne à excitation persistante, couplées linéairement par le bord à travers une matrice $M$, ce qui peut être vu comme un système d'EDPs sur un réseau étoilé. On montre que, si l'activité de l'amortissement intermittent est déterminée par des signaux à excitation persistante, alors, sous des bonnes hypothèses sur $M$ et sur la rationalité des rapports entre les longueurs des arêtes du réseau, ce système est exponentiellement stable, uniformément par rapport aux signaux à excitation persistante. Ce résultat est montré grâce à une formule explicite pour les solutions du système, qui permet de bien suivre les effets de l'amortissement intermittent.Le sujet suivant que l'on considère est le comportement asymptotique d'équations aux différences non-autonomes. On obtient une formule explicite pour les solutions en termes des conditions initiales et de certains coefficients matriciels dépendants du temps, qui généralise la formule obtenue pour le système de $N$ équations de transport. Le comportement asymptotique des solutions est caractérisé à travers les coefficients matriciels. Dans le cas d'équations aux différences à commutation arbitraire, on obtient un résultat de stabilité qui généralise le critère de Hale--Silkowski pour les systèmes autonomes. Grâce à des transformations classiques d'EDPs hyperboliques en équations aux différences, on applique ces résultats au transport et à la propagation d'ondes sur des réseaux.Finalement, la formule explicite précédente est généralisée à une équation aux différences contrôlée, dont la contrôlabilité est alors analysée. La contrôlabilité relative est caractérisée à travers un critère algébrique sur les coefficients matriciels de la formule explicite, ce qui généralise le critère de Kalman. On compare également la contrôlabilité relative pour des retards différents en termes de leur structure de dépendance rationnelle, et on donne une borne sur le temps minimal de contrôlabilité. Pour des systèmes avec retards commensurables, on montre que la contrôlabilité exacte est équivalente à l'approchée et on donne un critère qui les caractérise. On analyse également la contrôlabilité exacte et approchée de systèmes en dimension $2$ avec deux retards sans l'hypothèse de commensurabilitéMotivated by previous work on the stabilization of persistently excited systems, this thesis addresses stability and stabilization issues for linear switched systems in finite and infinite dimensions. After a general introduction presenting the main motivations and important results from the literature, we analyze four problems.The first system we study is a linear finite-dimensional random switched system. The time spend on each subsystem $i$ is chosen according to a probability law depending only on $i$, and the switches between subsystems are determined by a discrete Markov chain. We characterize the Lyapunov exponents by applying Oseledets' Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem to an associated discrete-time system, and provide an expression for the maximal Lyapunov exponent. These results are applied to a switched control system, showing that, under a controllability hypothesis, almost sure stabilization can be achieved with arbitrarily large decay rates, a situation in contrast to deterministic persistently excited systems.We next consider a system of $N$ transport equations with intermittent internal damping, linearly coupled by their boundary conditions through a matrix $M$, which can be seen as a system of PDEs on a star-shaped network. We prove that, if the activity of the intermittent damping terms is determined by persistently exciting signals, then, under suitable hypotheses on $M$ and on the rationality of the ratios between the lengths of the network edges, such system is exponentially stable, uniformly with respect to the persistently exciting signals. The proof of this result is based on an explicit representation formula for the solutions of the system, which allows one to efficiently track down the effects of the intermittent damping.The following topic we address is the asymptotic behavior of non-autonomous difference equations. We obtain an explicit representation formula for their solutions in terms of their initial conditions and some time-dependent matrix coefficients, which generalizes the one for the system of $N$ transport equations. The asymptotic behavior of solutions is characterized in terms of the matrix coefficients. In the case of difference equations with arbitrary switching, we obtain a stability result which generalizes Hale--Silkowski criterion for autonomous systems. Using classical transformations of hyperbolic PDEs into difference equations, we apply our results to transport and wave propagation on networks.Finally, we generalize the previous representation formula to a controlled difference equation, whose controllability is then analyzed. Relative controllability is characterized in terms of an algebraic property on the matrix coefficients from the explicit formula, generalizing Kalman criterion. We also compare the relative controllability for different delays in terms of their rational dependence structure, and provide a bound on the minimal controllability time. Exact and approximate controllability for systems with commensurable delays are characterized and proved to be equivalent. We also describe exact and approximate controllability for two-dimensional systems with two delays not necessarily commensurable
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Santarelli, Keith R. (Keith Robert) 1977. "On the synthesis of switched output feedback controllers for linear, time-invariant systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38690.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-193).
The theory of switching systems has seen many advances in the past decade. Its beginnings were founded primarily due to the physical limitations in devices to implement control such as relays, but today there exists a strong interest in the development of switching systems where switching is introduced as a means of increasing performance. With the newer set of problems that arise from this viewpoint comes the need for many new tools for analysis and design. Analysis tools which include, for instance, the celebrated work on multiple Lyapunov functions are extensive. Tools for the design of switched systems also exist, but, in many cases, the method of designing stabilizing switching laws is often a separate process from the method which is used to determine the set of vector fields between which switching takes place. For instance, one typical method of designing switching controllers for linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems is to first design a set of stabilizing LTI controllers using standard LTI methods, and then design a switching law to increase performance. While such design algorithms can lead to increases in performance, they often impose restrictions that do not allow the designer to take full advantage of the switching architecture being considered.
(cont.) For instance, if one switches between controllers that are individually stabilizing (without any switching), then, effectively, one is forced to switch only between stable systems and, hence, cannot take advantage of the potential benefits of switching between unstable systems in a stable way. It is, therefore, natural to wonder whether design algorithms can be developed which simultaneously design both the set of controllers to be switched and a stabilizing switching law. The work investigated here attempts to take a small step in the above direction. We consider a simple switching architecture that implements switched proportional gain control for second order LTI systems. Examination of this particular structure is motivated by its mathematical simplicity for ease of analysis (and, hence, as a means of gaining insight into the problem-at-large), but, as we will see, the design techniques investigated here can be extended to a larger class of (higher order, potentially non-linear and/or time-varying) systems using standard tools from robust control. The overall problem we investigate is the ability to create algorithms to simultaneously determine a set of switching gains and an associated switching law for a particular plant and performance objective.
(cont.) After determining a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a given second order plant to be stabilizable via the given switching architecture, we synthesize an algorithm for constructing controllers for which the corresponding closed-loop system dynamics are finite L, gain stable. Also, in an effort to demonstrate that the the given structure can, in fact. he used to increase performance. we consider a step-tracking design problem for a class of plants, where we use overshoot and settling time of the output step response to measure performance. We compare the results obtained using our switching architecture to the performance that can be obtained via two other LTI controller architectures to illustrate some of the performance benefits.
by Keith Robert Santarelli.
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Dong, Yikui. "Noise and clock jitter analysis of sigma-delta modulators and periodically switched linear networks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38235.pdf.
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Hamdy, Ragi A. R. "Design, analysis and control of a bi-directional self-starting symmetrical two-phase switched reluctance machine." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1244.
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Lim, Hong Sun. "Design and Control of A Ropeless Elevator with Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Actuation Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26541.
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Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives are investigated and proved as an alternative actuator for vertical linear transportation applications such as a linear elevator. A one-tenth scaled prototype elevator focused on a home elevator with LSRMs is designed and extensive experimental correlation is presented for the first time.
The proposed LSRM has twin stators and a set of translator poles without back-iron. The translators are placed between the two stators. The design procedures and features of the LSRM and the prototype elevator are described. The designed LSRM is validated through a finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental measurements. Furthermore, a control strategy for the prototype elevator is introduced consisting of four control loops, viz., current, force, velocity, and position feedback control loops. For force control, a novel force distribution function (FDF) is proposed and compared with conventional FDFs. A trapezoidal velocity profile is introduced to control vertical travel position smoothly during the elevator's ascent, descent, and halt operations. Conventional proportional plus integral (PI) controller is used for the current and velocity control loops and their designs are described. The proposed control strategy is dynamically simulated and experimentally correlated. Analytical and experimental results of this research prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for ropeless linear elevator applications.
However, the proposed FDF is assuming that the feedback current signals are ideal currents indicating actual phase currents without any measurement disturbances mainly arising from sensor noise, DC-link voltage ripple, measurement offset, and variations in the plant model. Meanwhile, real control systems in industry have measurement disturbance problems. Phase current corrupted by measurement disturbances increases torque or force ripple, acoustic noise and EMI. Therefore, this dissertation also presents a novel current control method to suppress measurement disturbances without extra hardware.
The controller is based on an extended state observer (ESO) and a nonlinear P controller (NLP). The proposed method does not require an accurate mathematical model of system and can be implemented on a low-cost DSP controller. The proposed ESO is exploited to estimate the measurement disturbances on measured phase currents, and the proposed NLP compensates for the measurement disturbances estimated by the ESO. The performance of the proposed current control is validated through extensive dynamic simulations and experiments. Moreover, this rejection of measurement disturbances results in a reduction of force ripple and acoustic noise. Due to superior and robust current control performance, it is believed that the proposed method can be successfully applied into other motor drive systems to suppress measurement disturbances with the same promising results without extra hardware.Ph. D.
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Menasian, Jerry M. "A SWITCHED-MODE CHARGE FEEDBACK CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION FOR LINEAR OPERATION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC STACK ACTUATOR." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1195054368.
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U, Seng-Pan. "Tecnicas de interpolacao em filtros multiritmo com condensadores comutados para Interfaces Analogicas com filtragem de alta-frequencia = Multirate Switched-Capacitor interpolation techniques for very high-frequency Analog Front-End filtering." Thesis, University of Macau, 2002. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1873496.
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Nunes, Willian Ricardo Bispo Murbak. "A new dynamic model applied to electrically stimulated lower limbs and switched control design subject to actuator saturation and non-ideal conditions /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183168.
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Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de CarvalhoAbstract: Electrical stimulation is a promising technique for motor rehabilitation in cases of spinal cord injury. Stimulator saturation is important in the control system designs applied to electrical stimulation. The negligence of the actuator saturation in the electrical stimulation can lead to unwanted control results, which evidences the muscular fatigue effects. For the first time a switched controller subject to actuator saturation for electrically stimulated lower limb is proposed. The dynamic limb extension model is nonlinear and uncertain. The uncertain nonlinear system described by Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models operating within an operating region in the state space is considered in this study. In addition, fault in the actuator, muscle activation uncertainty, and muscular non-idealities, such as fatigue, spasms, and tremor were considered at three three severity levels. The switched controller is compared to parallel distributed compensation technique. Simulations denote better results of the switched controller by dealing with parametric uncertainties. On the other hand, a challenge for FES control systems is to monitor torque in muscle contractions. In isotonic contraction applications, measuring torque is difficult. The novelty in this study is the proposal of a new nonlinear model, whose state variables are angular position, angular velocity and angular acceleration. In this new model the torque variable is replaced by the angular acceleration. Experimental tests list the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: A estimulação elétrica é uma técnica promissora para reabilitação motora em casos de lesão medular. A saturação do estimulador também é um requisito importante no projeto de sistemas de controle aplicados à estimulação elétrica. A negligência da saturação do atuador pode conduzir a resultados de controle indesejados, que evidencia os efeitos de fadiga muscular. Pela primeira vez é proposto um controlador chaveado sujeito à saturação para membro inferior estimulado eletricamente. O modelo dinâmico de extensão do membro inferior é não linear e incerto. O sistema descrito por modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno e operando dentro de uma região de operação no espaço de estados é considerado neste trabalho. Além disto, falha do atuador, incerteza de ativação muscular, e não idealidades musculares, tais como fadiga, espasmos e tremor foram considerados em três níveis de severidade. O controle chaveado é comparado com a compensação distribuída paralela. Simulações denotam melhores resultados do controlador chaveado lidando com incertezas paramétricas da planta. Por outro lado, um desafio dos sistemas de controle para estimulação elétrica funcional é monitorar a dinâmica do torque em contrações musculares. Em aplicações de contração isotônica, medir o torque é algo difícil. A novidade neste estudo é a proposta de um novo modelo não linear, cujas variáveis de estado são posição angular, velocidade angular e aceleração angular. Neste novo modelo a variável torque é substituída adequadamente pel... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Deaecto, Grace Silva 1983. "Sintese de controle para sistemas dinamicos com comutação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259357.
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Orientador: Jose Claudio GeromelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, são propostas condições suficientes para a estabilidade assintótica de sistemas lineares, contínuos no tempo, com comutação que asseguram um custo garantido de desempenho. Estas condições dependem da solução de um conjunto de desigualdades de Lyapunov-Metzler, definidas em [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], que possuem natureza não-convexa, sendo portanto, de difícil solução. Para contornar este problema, apresentamos condições de estabilidade mais conservadoras baseadas em uma subclasse de matrizes de Metzler com elementos iguais na diagonal principal, que podem ser resolvidas através de desigualdades matriciais lineares e busca unidimensional. Os resultados apresentados em [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], que fornecem condições para a estabilidade de sistemas dinâmicos lineares com comutação, são generalizados para lidar com sistemas mais gerais, a saber, sistemas dinâmicos sujeitos a perturbações impulsivas. A proposta elaborada assegura a estabilidade assintótica inclusive na presença de possíveis modos deslizantes
Abstract: In this work, sufficient conditions are proposed for the study of asymptotic stability of continuous time linear systems with commutation, which assure a guaranteed cost of performance. These conditions depend on the solution of a set of Lyapunov-Metzler inequalities, defined in [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], which are difficult to solve due to their non-convex nature. However, to circumvent this difficulty, we present more conservative stability conditions based on a subclass of Metzler matrices characterized by having equal elements on the main diagonal. Although these conditions are more conservative, they can be solved by Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMls) and unidimensional search. The analysis done in [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], which provides the stability conditions for linear dynamic systems with commutation is expanded to cover a more general class of systems with commutation and subject to impulsive disturbances. The conditions presented in this work assure the stability even in the presence of possible sliding modes
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Deaecto, Grace Silva 1983. "Projeto de controladores dinâmicos com comutação = aplicação em sistemas mecânicos e conversores de potência CC-CC." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260901.
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Orientador: José Cláudio GeromelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Esta tese trata do projeto de controladores dinâmicos H2 ou H? via realimentação de saída para sistemas lineares com comutação contínuos e discretos no tempo. Inicialmente, apresentamos a síntese via realimentação de estado de forma a colocar em evidência as principais dificuldades para a obtenção da solução do problema de projeto mais realista, correspondente ao controle via realimentação dinâmica de saída. As condições obtidas são necessárias e suficientes para a existência de solução com uma estrutura particular para as chamadas desigualdades de Lyapunov ou Riccati-Metzler. Tratamos também da síntese via realimentação de estado de sistemas sujeitos a incertezas limitadas em norma e politópicas. No que diz respeito às incertezas limitadas em norma, as condições são válidas inclusive se as mesmas apresentarem estrutura do tipo linear fracionária (LFT). No caso de incertezas politópicas, as condições podem ser empregadas como uma alternativa para o projeto de controle de sistemas com parâmetros lineares variantes no tempo (LPV). Aplicamos os resultados teóricos para a solução de três problemas de cunho essencialmente práticos, a saber, a regulação da tensão de saída de conversores de potência CCCC, a estimação da aceleração vertical de uma suspensão automotiva e o controle do ângulo de rolamento de uma aeronave
Abstract: This thesis is concerned to the output feedback H2 or H? control design for continuous-time and discrete-time switched linear systems. Initially, we present the state feedback synthesis in order to put in evidence the main difficulties we have to face towards the solution of the more realistic output feedback control design problem. The conditions are necessary and sufficient regarding the existence of a structured solution of the Lypunov or Riccati-Metzler inequalities. We also treat the state feedback synthesis for switched linear systems subject to norm bounded or polytopic uncertainties. In the former case, the conditions hold even if the uncertainty presents the linear fractional structure (LFT), and in the latter one, the conditions can be used as an alternative to the linear parameter varying control (LPV). The theoretical results are applied to three practical problems, namely, the output voltage regulation of DC-DC converters, the vertical stroke estimation in automotive suspensions and aircraft roll angle control
Doutorado
Automação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Kouhi, Anbaran Yashar [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Raisch, Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Shorten, and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Curran. "Contributions to the control of hybrid and switched linear systems / Yashar Kouhi Anbaran. Gutachter: Jörg Raisch ; Robert Shorten ; Paul Curran. Betreuer: Jörg Raisch." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067387730/34.
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Pröll, Sebastian [Verfasser], Jan [Gutachter] Lunze, and Klaus [Gutachter] Röbenack. "A comprehensive diagnostic method for linear time-invariant and switched systems / Sebastian Pröll ; Gutachter: Jan Lunze, Klaus Röbenack ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165304627/34.
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Hoang, Trong bien. "Switched observers and input-delay compensation for anti-lock brake systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994114.
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Many control algorithms for ABS systems have been proposed in the literature since the introduction of this equipment by Bosch in 1978. In general, one can divide these control algorithms into two different types: those based on a regulation logic with wheel acceleration thresholds that are used by most commercial ABS systems; and those based on wheel slip control that are preferred in the large majority of academic algorithms. Each approach has its pros and cons [Shida 2010]. Oversimplifying, one can say that the strength of the first ones is their robustness; while that of the latter ones their short braking distances (on dry grounds) and their absence of limit cycles. At the midpoint of this industry/academy dichotomy, based on the concept of extended braking stiffness (XBS), a quite different class of ABS control strategies has been proposed by several researchers (see, e.g., [Sugai 1999] and [Ono 2003]). This concept combines the advantages from both the industrial and academic approaches. Nevertheless, since the slope of the tyre characteristic is not directly measurable, it introduces the question of real-time XBS estimation. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of this estimation problem and to a generalization of the proposed technique to a larger class of systems. From the technological point of view, the design of ABS control systems is highly dependent on the ABS system characteristics and actuator performance. Current ABS control algorithms on passenger cars, for instance the Bosch ABS algorithm, are based on heuristics that are deeply associated to the hydraulic nature of the actuator. An interesting observation is that they seem to work properly only in the presence of a specific delay coming from the hydraulic actuation [Gerard 2012]. For brake systems that have different delays compared to those of hydraulic actuators, like electric in-wheel motors (with a smaller delay) or pneumatic trailer brakes (with a bigger delay), they might be no longer suitable [Miller 2013]. Therefore, adapting standard ABS algorithms to other advanced actuators becomes an imperative goal in the automobile industry. This goal can be reached by the compensation of the delays induced by actuators. The second part of this thesis is focused on this issue, and to the generalization of the proposed technique to a particular class of nonlinear systems. Throughout this thesis, we employ two different linearization techniques: the linearization of the error dynamics in the construction of model-based observers [Krener 1983] and the linearization based on restricted state feedback [Brockett 1979]. The former is one of the simplest ways to build an observer for dynamical systems with output and to analyze its convergence. The main idea is to transform the original nonlinear system via a coordinate change to a special form that admits an observer with a linear error dynamics and thus the observer gains can be easily computed to ensure the observer convergence. The latter is a classical method to control nonlinear systems by converting them into a controllable linear state equation via the cancellation of their nonlinearities. It is worth mentioning that existing results for observer design by error linearization in the literature are only applied to the case of regular time scalings ([Guay 2002] and [Respondek 2004]). The thesis shows how to extend them to the case of singular time scalings. Besides, the thesis combines the classical state feedback linearization with a new method for the input delay compensation to resolve the output tracking problem for restricted feedback linearizable systems with input delays.
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Souza, Matheus 1990. "Controle de sistemas dinâmicos através de redes de comunicação." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259359.
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Orientador: José Cláudio GeromelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Nesta dissertação, são propostas técnicas de projeto de controladores...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: In this dissertation, state feedback...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Silva, Leidy Diane Wolmuth. "Controle H_infinito chaveado com realimentação derivativa de sistemas lineares incertos considerando a saturação do sinal de controle /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191078.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Esta tese propõe projetos de controle H_infinito e controle H_infinito chaveado para uma classe de sistemas lineares com incertezas invariantes no tempo, nos quais apenas a derivada do vetor de estado é considerada para realimentação. Neste cenário, as estratégias propostas utilizam dinâmicas auxiliares, cujas variáveis de estado estão disponíveis para realimentação, para controlar a planta original. São propostas estruturas e procedimentos de projeto por meio de desigualdades matriciais lineares. A primeira estrutura de controle apresentada, considera a saturação do atuador e um integrador para definir a estratégia de controle, e se as condições propostas são factíveis, assegura que o ponto de equilíbrio do sistema de malha fechada seja localmente assintoticamente estável, para todas as condições iniciais em uma região elipsoidal, contida em uma determinada região definida para a nova dinâmica. Na segunda estrutura, é proposta uma técnica sem o uso de integradores para definir as estratégias para o controle chaveado e controle H_infinito chaveado, para plantas com e sem saturação da entrada de controle. Na terceira estrutura, considera-se um caso mais geral porém com o uso de integradores para definir as estratégias para o controle chaveado e controle H_infinito chaveado, para plantas sem saturação da entrada de controle. Embora todos os projetos propostos considerem a dinâmica auxiliar, são asseguradas as propriedades de estabilidade, taxa de decaimento e custo garantido pa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis proposes H_infinite switched control designs for a class of linear systems with time invariant uncertainties, where only the derivative of the state vector is considered for feedback. In this scenario, the proposed strategies use auxiliary dynamics, whose state variables is accessible for feedback, to control the original plant. The proposed structures and design procedures are based on LinearMatrix Inequalities (LMIs). The first structure considers the actuator saturation and an integrator to define the control strategy, and if the proposed conditions are feasible, it assures that the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is locally asymptotically stable, for all initial conditions in an ellipsoidal region, which is within a given region defined for this new dynamic. In the second structure, we adopted a technique without the use of integrators to define the strategies for the switched control and H_infinite switched control, for plants with and without control input saturation. In the third structure, we study a more general case, however, with the use of integrators to define the strategies for the switched control and H_infinite switched control, for plants without control input saturation. Although all proposed designs consider the auxiliary dynamics, it is assured the stability, decay rate proprieties, and H_infinite guaranteed cost for the original plant. Simulation examples and practical implementation illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed app... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Valentino, Michele Cristina. "Extensão do princípio de invariância para sistemas chaveados contínuos no tempo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-21022014-163606/.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma extensão do princípio de invariância para sistemas chaveados contínuos no tempo. Esta extensão fornece estimativas de atratores e suas respectivas áreas de atração para sistemas chaveados compostos por um número finito de subsistemas, a qual é obtida através de uma função auxiliar comum e múltiplas funções auxiliares que desempenham o mesmo papel que as funções de Lyapunov. As principais características desses novos resultados, são que a derivada da função auxiliar ou das múltiplas funções auxiliares podem assumir valores positivos em alguns conjuntos e também são usados para analisar o comportamento assintótico da solução do sistema chaveado. Resultados para sistemas chaveados com subsistemas com incertezas paramétricas também foram obtidos. Neste caso, as estimativas dos atratores e suas respectivas áreas de atração independem do parâmetro incerto. Analisando as propriedades da função auxiliar comum ao longo de um sistema formado pela combinação convexa de todos os subsistemas, os resultados passam a fornecer estimativas de atratores e suas áreas de atração mesmo na presença de subsistemas que não são ultimamente limitados. Este último resultado pode não evitar o chaveamento rápido, então surge o problema da existência da solução. Esta dificuldade pôde ser superada com o uso da teoria de sistemas descontínuos para garantir que sua solução seja definida para todo tempo mesmo que o chaveamento rápido ocorra. Portanto, uma escolha apropriada da lei de chaveamento possibilita o uso da solução de Krasovskii para garantir a existência da solução para todo tempo. Ainda, representando cada subsistema por um modelo fuzzy T-S, o comportamento assintótico da solução do sistema chaveado pôde ser estudado apenas verificando propriedades de alguns conjuntos do espaço de estado e a factibilidade de um conjunto de desigualdades matriciais lineares.This work presents an extension of the invariance principle for continuous time switched systems. This extension is useful to obtain estimates of the attractor and basin of attraction for switched systems composed by a finite number of subsystems, which are obtained by using a common auxiliary function or multiple auxiliary functions which play the same hole as the Lyapunov function. The main feature of these new results are that the common auxiliary function or the multiple auxiliary functions can be positive in some sets and are used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of the switching solution. Results for switched systems with parametric uncertainties were also obtained. The estimates of the attractor and basin of attraction does not depend on the uncertain parameter. Analysing the auxiliary function along the solutions of the convex combination of the subsystems, estimates of the attractor and basin of attraction for switched systems with subsystems which are not necessarily ultimately bounded were given. This last result can not avoid the fast switching, then the switched solution may not exist for all time. This difficulty was overcome with the use of the theory of discontinuous systems to guarantee the existence of the switching system solution for all time. Furthemore, using a T-S fuzzy model approach, the asymptotic behavior of the switched solution could be analyzed only by checking properties of some sets and the feasibility of a set of linear matrix inequalities.
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Wennström, Mattias. "On MIMO Systems and Adaptive Arrays for Wireless Communication : Analysis and Practical Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Signals and Systems Group, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2604.
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This thesis is concerned with the use of multiple antenna elements in wireless communication over frequency non-selective radio channels. Both measurement results and theoretical analysis are presented. New transmit strategies are derived and compared to existing transmit strategies, such as beamforming and space-time block coding (STBC). It is found that the best transmission algorithm is largely dependent on the channel characteristics, such as the number of transmit and receive antennas and the existence of a line of sight component. Rayleigh fading multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels are studied using an eigenvalue analysis and exact expressions for the bit error rates and outage capacities for beamforming and STBC is found. In general are MIMO fading channels correlated and there exists a mutual coupling between antenna elements. These findings are supported by indoor MIMO measurements. It is found that the mutual coupling can, in some scenarios, increase the outage capacity. An adaptive antenna testbed is used to obtain measurement results for the single input multiple output (SIMO) channel. The results are analyzed and design guidelines are obtained for how a beamformer implemented in hardware shall be constructed. The effects of nonlinear transmit amplifiers in array antennas are also analyzed, and it is shown that an array reduces the effective intermodulation distortion (IMD) transmitted by the array antenna by a spatial filtering of the IMD. A novel frequency allocation algorithm is proposed that reduces IMD even further. The use of a low cost antenna with switchable directional properties, the switched parasitic antenna, is studied in a MIMO context and compared to array techniques. It is found that it has comparable performance, at a fraction of the cost for an array antenna.
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Belkhiat, Djamel Eddine Chouaib. "Diagnostic d’une classe de systèmes linéaires à commutations : approche à base d’observateurs robustes." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS020/document.
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Ce travail de thèse porte, en premier lieu et principalement, sur le diagnostic à base de modèle d’une classe de SLC (Systèmes Linéaires à Commutations). Une problématique récurrente dans ce type de problème concerne la prise en considération de façon explicite les deux aspects, continu et discret, constituant un SLC. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé une méthodologie de détection et de localisation de défauts qui combine les outils initialement dédiés au diagnostic des systèmes continus et d’autres spécifiques aux SED (Systèmes à Evénement Discrets). L’approche proposée est conçue autour de trois modules : deux types de générateurs de résidus (issus de l’Automatique continue) et un estimateur en-ligne de l’état discret, appelé diagnostiqueur (issu de l’Automatique événementielle). Notre diagnostiqueur utilise les deux types de résidus, provenant de la partie continue, afin d’identifier le mode de fonctionnement du SLC et d’isoler les défauts de capteurs. Les résidus utilisés pour la localisation des défauts de capteurs sont générés à travers un générateur développé autour d’un schéma DOS (Dedicated Observer Scheme) à base d’observateurs hybrides,à la fois robustes vis-à-vis des entrées inconnues et sensibles aux défauts de capteurs. En second lieu, sur la base des résultats obtenus à l’aide de l’approche de diagnostic développée, nous avons proposé une approche préliminaire de synthèse de lois de commande tolérantes aux défauts de capteurs stabilisante via un retour d’état. Cette approche permet de préserver les performances nominales du système (situation non défaillante)en présence d’un défaut de capteurs. L’idée consiste à reconfigurer le retour d’état en remplaçant le vecteur d’état estimé à partir d’une sortie en défaut par un autre estimé à partir d’une sortie saine. La redondance des estimations est assurée dans cette approche par un banc d’observateurs hybrides robustes qui fournit plusieurs estimations correctes des vecteurs d’état et de sortiesThis thesis focuses, in first and foremost, on the model-based diagnosis of a class of SLC (Switched Linear Systems). The basic idea is to consider the continuous and discrete aspects, forming an SLC, explicitly.In this context, we proposed a methodology for detecting and locating faults that combines the tools originally dedicated to the continuous systems and the DES (discrete event systems) diagnosis. The proposed approach is designed around three modules: two types of residual generators (from the continuous Automatic) and anon-line estimator of the discrete state, called diagnoser (from the event Automatic). Our diagnoser uses the residual generators issue from the continuous part to identify the SLC mode and isolate sensor faults.Residues used for fault location sensors are generated through a generator developed around a scheme DOS(Dedicated Observer Scheme) based on hybrid observers. These observers are robust vis-à-vis the unknown input and sensitive to sensor faults. Secondly, based on the obtained results using the previous diagnosis approach, we proposed a preliminary approach for fault-tolerant state-feedback control law synthesis. This approach preserves the nominal performance of the system (as non-defaulting) in the presence of defective sensors. The idea is to reconfigure the state feedback by replacing the state vector estimated from defected output by another estimated from non-defected one. Redundancy estimates is provided in this approach by a bank of robust hybrid observer that provides several accurate estimates of state vectors and outputs
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Campelo, Divanilson Rodrigo de Sousa. "Modelos analiticos para probabilidades de bloqueio em redes de caminhos opticos com topologias lineares." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260526.
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Orientador: Helio WaldmanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Investigamos o problema de estimar valores de probabilidades de bloqueio em redes de caminhos ópticos com topologias lineares. Apresentamos um melhor substituto para a suposição de independência de enlaces em redes de topologia linear: a suposição de independência de objetos. Apresentamos a prova assintótica desta suposição para redes lineares infinitas com um único canal, e mostramos que a expressão assintótica é uma aproximação muito boa para anéis finitos de qualquer tamanho. Para o caso de múltiplos comprimentos de onda, apresentamos novas aproximações de carga reduzida para anéis WDM com restrição de continuidade de comprimento de onda. Para anéis com conversão plena de comprimentos de onda, propomos um método matricial inovador que permite cálculos exatos de probabilidades de bloqueio e taxa de ocupação nestas redes. Um método "escalável" para a obtenção da constante de normalização do modelo clássico de Erlang também é apresentado. Por fim, analisamos o desempenho de meios lineares bloqueantes. Apresentamos expressões exatas para o throughput em meios compartimentalizados e não-compartimentalizados, e quantificamos os ganhos de compartimentalização em meios lineares
Abstract: We address the problem of estimating blocking probabilities in optical path networks with linear topologies. We present a better substitute for the link independence assumption in networks with linear topology: the object independence assumption. We present an asymptotic proof of this assumption for in?nite single-channel networks, and we show that the asymptotic expression is a very good approximation for ?nite rings with any size. In the case of multiple wavelengths, we present new reduced load approximations for WDM rings with wavelength continuity constraint. For rings with full wavelength conversion, we propose an innovative matrix-based method for calculating exact values of blocking probabilities and occupancy rates in such networks. A scalable method for deriving the normalization constant of the Erlang¿s classical model is also presented. Finally, we analyze the performance of linear blocking media. We present exact expressions for the throughput in slotted and unslotted media, and we quantify the slotting gains in linear media
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Meghnous, Ahmed Rédha. "Commande et observation d’une classe de systèmes linéaires à commutations : Application aux convertisseurs de puissance DC-DC." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0137/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à la commande et l’observation d’une classe de systèmes linéaires à commutations (SLC). La classe considérée regroupe les systèmes pouvant être représentés par un modèle Hamiltonien à ports. Récemment, plusieurs travaux ont utilisé la théorie des systèmes dynamiques hybrides pour traiter les problèmes de stabilité, de commandabilité et d’observabilité des systèmes linéaires à commutations. Cependant, certains verrous scientifiques demeurent et nécessitent d’être levés tels que la synthèse d’observateurs pour des SLC présentant des modes de fonctionnement inobservables ou la commande hybride de systèmes possédant un nombre réduit d’entrées de commutations et un nombre élevé de variables d’état à contrôler. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la synthèse d’observateurs s’appuyant sur la modélisation moyenne et la modélisation hybride de SLC ayant une topologie Hamiltonienne à ports particulière. Ce formalisme possède les outils nécessaires pour établir des preuves de stabilité des erreurs d’observation. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un observateur non linéaire reposant sur le modèle moyen de la classe des SLC considérée. Ensuite, nous traitons le problème de synthèse d’un observateur hybride où nous proposons un observateur commuté prenant en compte les modes de fonctionnement inobservables. Le problème de la commande des SLC est abordé par la suite. Au départ, la théorie de Lyapunov est utilisée pour proposer deux lois de commandes : La première est synthétisée à partir du modèle moyen et la deuxième exploite le modèle hybride. Une commande optimale hybride est élaborée en utilisant le principe du maximum de Pontryagin et une approche utilisant la recherche d’arcs singuliers. Finalement, une commande prédictive hybride est établie à partir d’un modèle discrétisé du système. Des résultats de simulation et une mise en œuvre expérimentale sur un convertisseur DC-DC SEPIC sont donnés pour montrer l’efficacité des méthodes proposées. L’étude d’un tel circuit est motivée par sa topologie particulière qui contient à la fois un mode de fonctionnement observable et un mode de fonctionnement inobservable. En outre, il possède une seule entrée de commutations et quatre variables d’état ce qui lui vaut la réputation être difficile à commanderThis thesis is dedicated to the control and the observation of a class of switched linear systems (SLS). This class contains the systems that can be represented by a port-Hamiltonian model. A lot of works have been studied SLS for several years using an average modeling approach. Recently, various works have shown that hybrid system theory allows to cope with stabilization, controllability, and observability problems of switched linear systems. However, several problems are still open and need more development such as the design of hybrid observers for SLS that have unobservable modes or the control of systems with reduced number of switching inputs and numerous variable states to control. In this work, we are interested in the design of state observers for a particular class of SLS using both the average and the hybrid port-Hamiltonian models. This formalism has the necessary tools to study and establish the stability of the observation errors. At the beginning, a nonlinear observer based on the average modeling is proposed. Next, a hybrid observer is designed for switched linear systems. This observer takes into account the unobservable operating modes of the system. The second point of our work concerns the design of control laws for the considered class of SLS. At first, two Lyapunov-based control laws have been established using either an average model or a hybrid model of the system. A hybrid optimal control based on the maximum principle of Pontryagin and the computation of singular arcs has been also proposed. Finally, a hybrid predictive control based on a discrete model of the system is synthesized. Simulation results and an experimental implementation on a SEPIC converter are given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods. Our motivation to study such a converter is mainly due to its particular topology that includes observable and unobservable subsystems. It is also known to be difficult to be controlled because only one switching input is used to control four state variables
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Oliveira, Diogo Ramalho de [UNESP]. "Controle H∞ chaveado para sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy T-S considerando região de operação e saturação do sinal de controle." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150960.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esta tese propõe projetos de controle H∞ chaveado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) com funções de pertinência desconhecidas. Os projetos de controle necessitam somente dos limites inferiores e superiores das não linearidades do sistema, que podem depender de parâmetros incertos da planta. Em diversas aplicações práticas, em virtude das restrições operacionais dos equipamentos, no projeto de controle é necessário considerar que a lei de controle está sujeita à saturação do atuador. Primeiramente, utilizando uma metodologia encontrada na literatura para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, propõe-se uma lei de controle chaveada que escolhe um ganho do controlador de realimentação do vetor de estado, que pertence a um conjunto de ganhos conhecidos, que minimiza a derivada da função de Lyapunov do tipo quadrática. Este procedimento elimina a necessidade de encontrar as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garante um desempenho H∞ ao sistema realimentado e assegura que as trajetórias do vetor de estado permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Adicionalmente, adota-se uma outra metodologia para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, que utiliza o sinal de controle para compor um vetor de estado expandido. Desta forma, os limites do sinal de controle fazem parte da região de operação na qual o sistema não linear incerto é exatamente representado via modelos fuzzy T-S. Uma lei de controle chaveada, que utiliza a realimentação do vetor de estado expandido, é proposta. As condições de projeto evitam a presença de uma possível descontinuidade do sinal de controle, eliminam a necessidade de obter as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garantem um desempenho H∞ e asseguram que as trajetórias do vetor de estado e do sinal de controle permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Por fim, três exemplos são apresentados. O primeiro exemplo estuda o controle de um sistema caótico denominado Lorenz. Mostra que, para distúrbios de grande magnitude, os procedimentos propostos apresentaram melhores resultados do que os obtidos com outro método recentemente encontrado na literatura, que considera o pleno acesso às funções de pertinência. No segundo exemplo, uma implementação prática em um sistema de controle de uma suspensão ativa de bancada, considerando uma mola não linear e falha no atuador, confirma a eficácia da abordagem proposta. O último exemplo utiliza um pêndulo invertido para abordar o problema de controle considerando a estabilidade local do sistema. As simulações ilustram que o esquema proposto, que utiliza o vetor de estado expandido, é capaz de evitar uma possível descontinuidade do sinal de controle.
This thesis proposes local H∞ switched control designs for a class of uncertain nonlinear plants described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with unknown membership functions. The control designs require only the lower and upper bounds of the system nonlinearities and of the system linear parameters, which can depend on uncertain parameters. In practical applications, due to the operational restrictions of the equipments, in the control design, it is necessary to consider that the control law is subject to actuator saturation. First, using a methodology found in the literature to solve the actuator saturation problem, one proposes a switched control law that chooses a state-feedback controller gain, which belongs to a given set of gains, that minimizes the time derivative of a quadratic Lyapunov function. This procedure eliminates the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantees an H∞ performance and ensures that the state trajectory remains within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. In addition, the actuator saturation problem is approached with another methodology, using the control signal to compose an extended state vector. Then, the region in which the uncertain nonlinear system is exactly represented via T-S fuzzy models is composed by the bounds of the control signal. A switched control law, which chooses an extended state-feedback controller gain, is proposed. The design conditions avoid the presence of a possible discontinuity of the control signal, eliminate the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantee an H∞ performance and ensure that the state trajectory and the control signal remain within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. Finally, three examples are presented. The first example studies the control of a chaotic Lorenz system. It shows that, for disturbances with large magnitude, the proposed procedures provided better results than the obtained with another recent method found in the literature, that considers full access to the membership functions. In the second example, a practical implementation of an active suspension control system, considering a nonlinear spring and an actuator fault, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The last example uses an inverted pendulum system to address the local stability control problem. The simulations illustrate that the control scheme, which uses the extended state vector, is able to avoid a possible discontinuity of the control signal.
CNPq: 142035/2013-0
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Oliveira, Diogo Ramalho de. "Controle H∞ chaveado para sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy T-S considerando região de operação e saturação do sinal de controle /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150960.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Esta tese propõe projetos de controle H∞ chaveado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) com funções de pertinência desconhecidas. Os projetos de controle necessitam somente dos limites inferiores e superiores das não linearidades do sistema, que podem depender de parâmetros incertos da planta. Em diversas aplicações práticas, em virtude das restrições operacionais dos equipamentos, no projeto de controle é necessário considerar que a lei de controle está sujeita à saturação do atuador. Primeiramente, utilizando uma metodologia encontrada na literatura para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, propõe-se uma lei de controle chaveada que escolhe um ganho do controlador de realimentação do vetor de estado, que pertence a um conjunto de ganhos conhecidos, que minimiza a derivada da função de Lyapunov do tipo quadrática. Este procedimento elimina a necessidade de encontrar as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garante um desempenho H∞ ao sistema realimentado e assegura que as trajetórias do vetor de estado permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Adicionalmente, adota-se uma outra metodologia para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, que utiliza o sinal de controle para compor um vetor de estado expandido. Desta forma, os limites do sinal de controle fazem parte da região de operação na qual o sistema não linear incerto é exatame... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis proposes local H∞ switched control designs for a class of uncertain nonlinear plants described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with unknown membership functions. The control designs require only the lower and upper bounds of the system nonlinearities and of the system linear parameters, which can depend on uncertain parameters. In practical applications, due to the operational restrictions of the equipments, in the control design, it is necessary to consider that the control law is subject to actuator saturation. First, using a methodology found in the literature to solve the actuator saturation problem, one proposes a switched control law that chooses a state-feedback controller gain, which belongs to a given set of gains, that minimizes the time derivative of a quadratic Lyapunov function. This procedure eliminates the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantees an H∞ performance and ensures that the state trajectory remains within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. In addition, the actuator saturation problem is approached with another methodology, using the control signal to compose an extended state vector. Then, the region in which the uncertain nonlinear system is exactly represented via T-S fuzzy models is composed by the bounds of the control signal. A switched control law, which chooses an extended state-feedback controller gain, is proposed. The design conditions avoid the presence o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Zhang, Yi. "High performance DSP-based servo drive control for a limited-angle torque motor." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6768.
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This thesis describes the analysis, design and implementation of a high performance DSP-based servo drive for a limited-angle torque motor used in thermal imaging applications. A limited-angle torque motor is an electromagnetic actuator based on the Laws' relay principle, and in the present application the rotation required was from - 10° to + 10° in 16 ms, with a flyback period of 4 ms. To ensure good quality picture reproduction, an exceptionally high linearity of ±0.02 ° was necessary throughout the forward sweep. In addition, the drive voltage to the exciting winding of the motor should be less than the +35 V ceiling of the drive amplifier. A research survey shows that little literature was available, probably due to the commercial sensitivity of many of the applications for torque motors. A detailed mathematical model of the motor drive, including high-order linear dynamics and the significant nonlinear characteristics, was developed to provide an insight into the overall system behaviour. The proposed control scheme uses a multicompensator, multi-loop linear controller, to reshape substantially the motor response characteristic, with a non-linear adaptive gain-scheduled controller to compensate effectively for the nonlinear variations of the motor parameters. The scheme demonstrates that a demanding nonlinear control system may be conveniently analysed and synthesised using frequency-domain methods, and that the design techniques may be reliably applied to similar electro-mechanical systems required to track a repetitive waveform. A prototype drive system was designed, constructed and tested during the course of the research. The drive system comprises a DSP-based digital controller, a linear power amplifier and the feedback signal conditioning circuit necessary for the closed-loop control. A switch-mode amplifier was also built, evaluated and compared with the linear amplifier. It was shown that the overall performance of the linear amplifier was superior to that of the switch-mode amplifier for the present application. The control software was developed using the structured programming method, with the continuous controller converted to digital form using the bilinear transform. The 6- operator was used rather than the z-operator, since it is more advantageous for high speed sampling systems. The gain-scheduled control was implemented by developing a schedule table, which is controlled by the DSP program to update continuously the controller parameters in synchronism with the periodic scanning of the motor. The experimental results show excellent agreement with the simulated results, with linearity of ±0.05 ° achieved throughout the forward sweep. Although this did not quite meet the very demanding specifications due to the limitations of the experimental drive system, it clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The discrepancies between simulated and experimental results are analyzed and discussed, the control design method is reviewed, and detailed suggestions are presented for further work which may improve the drive performance.
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Laboudi, Khaled. "Contribution à la détection et à l'estimation des défauts pour des systèmes linéaires à commutations." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS030/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse traite de la problématique d’estimation des défauts et de l’étathybride pour une classe de systèmes linéaires à commutations. L’objectif est de développerune méthode afin de synthétiser un observateur et un estimateur dédiésrespectivement à l’estimation de l’état hybride et des défauts. Après la présentationd’un état de l’art sur les techniques d’estimation, de stabilité et de diagnosticpour les systèmes linéaires à commutations, la thèse est scindée en deux parties.La première partie propose une méthode d’estimation de l’état continu et desdéfauts dans le cas où l’état discret du système est connu. En se basant sur unetransformation de coordonnées qui découple un sous-ensemble de l’état du systèmedes défauts, nous avons synthétisé dans un premier temps un observateur hybridepour estimer l’état continu du système, et dans un second temps, un estimateurpermettant la reconstruction des défauts. L’estimateur de défauts proposé dépendde la dérivée de la sortie du système. Pour cette raison, un différenciateur robusteet exact basé sur des techniques des modes glissants est utilisé. Dans la secondepartie de ce mémoire, l’état discret du système est supposé inconnu. Une approchebasée sur des méthodes algébriques est proposée afin d’estimer les instants decommutation entre les différents sous-systèmes. Par la suite, l’estimation de l’étathybride (état continu et état discret) et des défauts est considérée dans le cas oùl’état discret du système est inconnu. Ce dernier est reconstruit en se basant surles instant de commutation estimé et sur une séquence de commutation connue.L’état continu du système est estimé en se basant sur une méthode de placementde pôles permettant d’améliorer les performances de la phase transitoire. Enfin, enexploitant des résultats trouvés dans la première partie, l’estimation des défautsest considérée en estimant la sortie du système avec un différenciateur algébrique.Ce différenciateur donne des résultats plus intéressants vis-à-vis du bruit par rapportau différenciateur basé sur les techniques des modes glissants utilisé dans lapremière partieThis work deals with the problem of estimation of fault and hybrid state for a classof switched linear systems. The objective is to develop a method to synthesize anobserver and an estimator dedicated respectively to the estimation of the hybridstate and the faults. After presenting a state of the art for estimation, stabilityand diagnostic techniques for switched linear systems, the report is divided intotwo parts. The first part proposes a method for estimating the continuous stateand the faults in the case where the discrete state of the system is known. Basedon a coordinate transformation which decouples a subset of the state of the systemof faults, we first synthesized a hybrid observer to estimate the continuous stateof the system and, in a second step, an estimator allowing the reconstructionof faults. The proposed fault estimator depends on the derivative of the systemoutput. For this reason, a robust and accurate differentiator based on sliding modetechniques is used. In the second part of this paper, the discrete state of the systemis assumed unknown. An algebraic approach is proposed to estimate the switchingtimes between the different subsystems. Thereafter, the estimation of the hybridstate (continuous and discrete state) and of the faults is considered in the casewhere the discrete state of the system is unknown. The latter is reconstructedfrom the estimated switching times and on a known switching sequence. Thecontinuous state of the system is estimated using a pole placement method allowingimprove the performances of the transient phase. Finally, by exploiting the resultsfound in the first part, the estimation of the faults is considered by estimatingthe output of the system with an algebraic differentiator. This differentiator givesmore interesting results at the noise compared to the differentiator based on thesliding mode techniques used in the first part
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Cardim, Rodrigo. "Projeto de controladores baseados em LMIs : realimentação derivativa e sistemas chaveados utilizando estrutura variável /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100291.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraBanca: Edvaldo Assunção
Banca: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia
Banca: Aldayr Dantas de Araujo
Banca: Ramon Romankevicius Costa
Resumo: Neste trabalho são apresentados estudos teóricos, projetos de controladores e simulações numéricas de alguns sistemas de controle automáticos, que no decorrer das pesquisas geraram novas contribuições. Primeiramente foi feito um breve estudo sobre os sistemas fuzzy Takagi- Sugeno (TS) e realizadas algumas simulações envolvendo exemplos acadêmicos como o sistema bola-viga e o levitador magnético. Em decorrência desses estudos foi proposto um novo método para o controle de sistemas mecânicos não-lineares, descritos através de modelos fuzzy TS, considerando o acesso somente às derivadas das variáveis de estado da planta, com projeto baseado em desigualdades matriciais lineares, em inglês Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) e estabilidade assegurada através de funções de Lyapunov. Adicionalmente, foram feitos estudos sobre realimentação derivativa, e proposto um novo método para projetar a matriz de realimentação discreta no tempo da derivada do vetor de estado, tal que o sinal de controle obtido seja equivalente a uma dada lei de controle contínua no tempo com realimentação do vetor de estado. O controlador discreto é obtido com base no controlador contínuo, utilizando um método de aproximação, baseado em LMIs. É suposto que a planta é controlável, linear e invariante no tempo, com uma (SI) ou múltiplas (MI) entradas. Este procedimento permite o uso de métodos de projeto bem conhecidos de realimentação das variáveis de estado em sistemas contínuos no tempo, para calcular diretamente os ganhos de realimentação da derivada das variáveis de estado em sistemas discretos no tempo. Os projetos com realimentação derivativa podem ser úteis no controle de sistemas mecânicos, utilizando-se acelerômetros como sensores. Finalizando, um outro assunto abordado neste trabalho e que também trouxe contribuições relevantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work, theoretical studies, controller designs and numeric simulations of several automatic control systems that generated new contributions are presented. Firstly, a study on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems modeling, control designs and simulations with practical examples, such as a ball-beam system and a nonlinear magnetic suspension system, are described. With these studies a simple method, based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) and Lyapunov functions, for designing a control system using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models in mechanical systems, where the available signals for the control are state-derivative, is proposed. Additionally, new results about state-derivative feedback including a simple method for designing a digital state-derivative feedback gain such that the control law is equivalent to a known and adequate continuous-time state feedback control law with a guaranteed stability are proposed. The digital controller is obtained by the continuous controller, using an approach method, based on LMIs. It is assumed that the plant is a linear controllable, time-invariant, Single-Input (SI) or Multiple-Input (MI) system. This procedure allows the use of well-known continuous-time state feedback design methods to directly design discrete-time state-derivative feedback control systems. The state-derivative feedback can be useful in the vibration control of mechanical systems, where the main sensors are accelerometers. Finally, we have the study with the design of state-feedback Variable Structure Controllers (VSC) for a class of continuous-time switched plants where is assume that the state vector is available for feedback. The design is based on Lyapunov-Metzler (LM) inequalities and also on Strictly Positive Real (SPR) systems stability results. The recent definition of Lyapunov-Metzler-SPR (LMSPR) systems is presented and a new direct application... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Kazim, Muhammad Irfan. "Design of Highly Linear Sampling Switches for CMOS Track-and-Hold Circuits." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6339.
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This thesis discusses non-linearities associated with a sampling switch and compares transmission gate, bootstrapping and bulk-effect compensation architectures at circuit level from linearity point of view for 0.35 um CMOS process. All switch architectures have been discussed and designed with an additional constraint of switch reliability.
Results indicate that for a specified supply of 3.3 Volts, bulk-effect compensation does not improve third-order harmonic distortion significantly which defines the upper most limit on linearity for a differential topology. However, for low-voltage operations bulk-effect compensation improves third-order harmonic noticeably.
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Tian, Yang. "Une contribution à l'observation et à l'estimation des systèmes linéaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590376.
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Ce mémoire est dédié à l'étude de la synthèse de l'estimation d'état en temps fini par une approche algébrique (les techniques développées au sein de l'équipe ALIEN) pour les systèmes linéaires à paramètres invariant dans le temps (LTI) sujets à des perturbations extérieures inconnues, les systèmes linéaires à paramètres variant dans le temps (LTV) et les systèmes linéaires à commutation en temps continu (SLC). Pour les systèmes LTI et LTV, une expression formelle de l'état en fonction des intégrales itérées des sorties et de l'entrée a été donnée. Pour les systèmes linéaires à commutation, en combinant les résultats de l'estimation d'état pour les systèmes LTI et de la détection de l'instant de commutation en temps réel présentée dans le chapitre 4, nous donnons la démarche principale de l'estimation en temps réel du mode courant et l'état continu du système. Pour ce faire, on applique certains outils mathématiques : la transformation de Laplace, les outils issus du calcul opérationnel et la théorie des distributions
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Cardim, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Projeto de controladores baseados em LMIs: realimentação derivativa e sistemas chaveados utilizando estrutura variável." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100291.
Full textAbstract:
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cadim_r_dr_ilha.pdf: 1217588 bytes, checksum: e5c74b6a258852f996ebb5ae3e66b97a (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho são apresentados estudos teóricos, projetos de controladores e simulações numéricas de alguns sistemas de controle automáticos, que no decorrer das pesquisas geraram novas contribuições. Primeiramente foi feito um breve estudo sobre os sistemas fuzzy Takagi- Sugeno (TS) e realizadas algumas simulações envolvendo exemplos acadêmicos como o sistema bola-viga e o levitador magnético. Em decorrência desses estudos foi proposto um novo método para o controle de sistemas mecânicos não-lineares, descritos através de modelos fuzzy TS, considerando o acesso somente às derivadas das variáveis de estado da planta, com projeto baseado em desigualdades matriciais lineares, em inglês Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) e estabilidade assegurada através de funções de Lyapunov. Adicionalmente, foram feitos estudos sobre realimentação derivativa, e proposto um novo método para projetar a matriz de realimentação discreta no tempo da derivada do vetor de estado, tal que o sinal de controle obtido seja equivalente a uma dada lei de controle contínua no tempo com realimentação do vetor de estado. O controlador discreto é obtido com base no controlador contínuo, utilizando um método de aproximação, baseado em LMIs. É suposto que a planta é controlável, linear e invariante no tempo, com uma (SI) ou múltiplas (MI) entradas. Este procedimento permite o uso de métodos de projeto bem conhecidos de realimentação das variáveis de estado em sistemas contínuos no tempo, para calcular diretamente os ganhos de realimentação da derivada das variáveis de estado em sistemas discretos no tempo. Os projetos com realimentação derivativa podem ser úteis no controle de sistemas mecânicos, utilizando-se acelerômetros como sensores. Finalizando, um outro assunto abordado neste trabalho e que também trouxe contribuições relevantes...
In this work, theoretical studies, controller designs and numeric simulations of several automatic control systems that generated new contributions are presented. Firstly, a study on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems modeling, control designs and simulations with practical examples, such as a ball-beam system and a nonlinear magnetic suspension system, are described. With these studies a simple method, based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) and Lyapunov functions, for designing a control system using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models in mechanical systems, where the available signals for the control are state-derivative, is proposed. Additionally, new results about state-derivative feedback including a simple method for designing a digital state-derivative feedback gain such that the control law is equivalent to a known and adequate continuous-time state feedback control law with a guaranteed stability are proposed. The digital controller is obtained by the continuous controller, using an approach method, based on LMIs. It is assumed that the plant is a linear controllable, time-invariant, Single-Input (SI) or Multiple-Input (MI) system. This procedure allows the use of well-known continuous-time state feedback design methods to directly design discrete-time state-derivative feedback control systems. The state-derivative feedback can be useful in the vibration control of mechanical systems, where the main sensors are accelerometers. Finally, we have the study with the design of state-feedback Variable Structure Controllers (VSC) for a class of continuous-time switched plants where is assume that the state vector is available for feedback. The design is based on Lyapunov-Metzler (LM) inequalities and also on Strictly Positive Real (SPR) systems stability results. The recent definition of Lyapunov-Metzler-SPR (LMSPR) systems is presented and a new direct application... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Robertini, Alessandro. "Linear and nonlinear distortion in SC circuits due to nonideal amplifiers and switches /." Zürich, 1990. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9317.
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Lemarchand, Antoine. "Modélisation multi-modèle incertaine du trafic routier et suivi robuste de profils optimaux aux entrées des voies périurbaines." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT117/document.
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Ce document synthétise mes travaux de thèse de doctorat en Automatique Productiqueà Grenoble INP (Institut National Polytechnique), thèse préparée au sein dudépartement automatique du laboratoire GIPSA-lab (Grenoble Image Parole Signal etAutomatique). Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du contrôle local et de la supervisiondes systèmes de trafic routier. Les principales contributions portent sur la modélisation,la supervision et la commande locale des systèmes de trafic routier.La contribution apportée à la modélisation du trafic est l’ajout d’un modèle d’incertitudesur le modèle CTM (Cell Transmission Model [Daganzo, 1994]). Ce nouveaumodèle permet de prendre en compte les incertitudes sur différents paramètres dumodèle pour in-fine proposer de nouvelles stratégies de commandes commutées robustes.Outre cette approche de modélisation, nous proposons un niveau de supervisionpermettant d’une part d’estimer en temps réel le mode de fonctionnement et d’autrepart de détecter, localiser et estimer certaines fautes sur le système. L’estimation dynamiquede mode de fonctionnement nous permet de connaître l’état de congestion (ou denon-congestion) de l’aménagement routier considéré. Nous sommes en mesure de détecterdes fautes telles que des chutes de vitesse ou des chutes de capacité survenant sur la route.Enfin, nous proposons deux lois de commandes locales basées sur la théorie dessystèmes à commutations. Ainsi, le schéma de contrôle s’adaptera dynamiquementaux changements de propriétés du système. Ces lois de commande ont pour objet des’insérer dans un schéma de régulation hiérarchiqueThis document synthesizes my Phd thesis work in Automatic Control in Grenoble-INP. This thesis has been prepared in the automatic control department of thelaboratory GIPSA-lab. This work is situated in the area of traffic systems control andsupervision. Our contributions are about modeling, supervision and local traffic control.The CTM traffic model has been extended with a model of uncertainties. Thisnews model allows us to take into account the uncertain parameters of the model, topropose new robust switched control law.In addition to this modeling approach, we propose some developments on supervisionof trafic systems. On one hand, we can estimate the operating mode of thesystem in real time and on the other hand to estimate some faults on the system. Thedynamical estimation of the operating mode allows us to know the state of congestion(or non congestion) of the road. We are able to estimate faults such as speed fall andcapacities drop that may appear.Finally, we propose two control laws based on switching systems control. The developedcontrollers adapt their geometry to the properties of the system. The purposeof these controllers is to be inserted in a hierarchic control scheme
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Silva, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Leonel da. "Controle chaveado de sistemas com incertezas utilizando otimizadores não derivativos /." Ilha Solteira, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192112.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Nesta tese, utiliza-se um otimizador analógico não derivativo proposto por Teixeira & Żak em 1999 como principal ferramenta para os sistemas de controle dos projetos desenvolvidos. Tal otimizador é composto por blocos não lineares e pode ser classificado como um sistema neural artificial. Sistemas chaveados têm grande aplicação prática na otimização de sistemas e são caracterizados por possuírem subsistemas e uma lei de chaveamento que seleciona cada subsistema a cada momento. Deve-se definir condições para que seja possível projetar uma lei de chaveamento que atenda requisitos de projeto. O estudo de técnicas de controle extremal na solução de problemas de busca pelo rastreamento do máximo ponto de potência (do inglês: Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT), vem apresentando resultados interessantes na literatura e um tipo de sistema à qual essa técnica pode ser aplicada, é na geração fotovoltaica. Aplica-se o otimizador analógico citado na busca do MPPT de uma célula fotovoltaica, com o objetivo de observar o controle extremal atuando em um processo de otimização, estendendo o controle para quando existem variações de irradiação solar (cenário de uma possível passagem de nuvens). Também observa-se o comportamento do sistema quanto a manter seu correto funcionamento e estabilidade ultimate bounded. A contribuição principal desta tese foi uma nova proposta de utilização conjunta do otimizador de Teixeira & Żak no projeto de controladores ˙ chaveados baseados na minimização da d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: On this thesis, a non-derivative analog optimizer, proposed by Teixeira & Żak in 1999, was used as the main tool for the proposed control system. Such optimizer is structured by nonlinear blocks and can be classified as an artificial neural system. Switched systems have great theoretical and practical application in systems optimization and are characterized by having subsystems, and a switching law that selects each subsystem at each moment. It is necessary to define conditions so that it is possible to design a switching law for the desired performance of the controlled system. The study of Extremum Seeking Control techniques in the solution of problems of Maximum Power Point Tracking has presented interesting results, and one type of system which this technique can be applied is in the photovoltaic generation. The analog optimizer is applied in the Maximum Power Point Tracking of a photovoltaic cell, with the objective of observing the actuation of the extremal seeking control in an optimization process, extending the control when there are solar irradiation variations (a possible clouds passage scenario). And also observe the behavior of the system and how to maintain its correct functioning and ultimate bounded stability. The main contribution of this thesis was a new procedure for using the mentioned analog optimizer in the design of switched controllers based on the minimization of the derivative of a Lyapunov function. This method allows the relaxed design of controll... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Ramos, Igor Thiago Minari. "Projetos de controladores robustos chaveados para sistemas não lineares baseados na decomposição em soma de quadrados /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154369.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Neste trabalho são propostos novos métodos de controle chaveado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares incertos utilizando a decomposição em soma de quadrados. Inicialmente é apresentada uma revisão dos conceitos e projetos de controladores baseados em desigualdades matriciais lineares (do inglês Linear Matrix Inequalities - LMIs) e a decomposição em soma de quadrados (do inglês Sum of Squares - SOS), buscando evidenciar as diferenças e vantagens das metodologias para a área de controle. Comumente são utilizados modelos fuzzy para realizar a análise da estabilidade e projeto de controladores para sistemas não lineares, e estes modelos podem ser classificados de acordo com a parte consequente linear ou polinomial. Busca-se neste trabalho evidenciar as diferenças entre os dois modelos fuzzy e a metodologia para projeto de controladores. Para o caso de sistemas cujas dinâmicas podem ser descritas apenas por funções polinomiais, serão consideradas incertezas politópicas. Então, visando flexibilizar o projeto utilizando um controlador composto por um único ganho polinomial e aumentar a região de factibilidade, são propostos controladores com ganhos polinomiais chaveados. O objetivo desta lei de chaveamento é minimizar a derivada da função de Lyapunov empregada no projeto. Considerando uma classe de sistemas não lineares mais geral, são propostos controladores com ganhos chaveados para modelos fuzzy polinomiais. A metodologia proposta não necessita do conhecimento das funções de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this manuscript new control methods are proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems using a sum of squares decomposition. Initially is presented a revision of concepts and control design procedures based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) and on sum of squares (SOS) evidencing the differences and advantages of these methodologies in the control system design. Fuzzy models are commonly used to perform stability analysis and controller design for nonlinear systems, and can be classified by a linear or polynomial consequent model. A goal of this dissertation is to compare these two methodologies in the control system design of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. For the case of systems whose dynamics can be described only by polynomial functions will be also considered polytopic uncertainty. Therefore, in order to make the design more flexible than that obtained with only one controller with polynomial gain and increase the feasibility region, a new procedure for designing controllers with switched polynomial gains is proposed. The purpose of this switching law is to minimize the time derivative of the Lyapunov function employed in the design. For a more general class of nonlinear systems, controllers with switched gains for polynomial fuzzy models are proposed. The proposed methodology does not require the knowledge of the membership functions for an implementation of the control law. This fact is an important advantage over the many methods that consider avail... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Sutorý, Tomáš. "NOVÉ PRINCIPY CHARAKTERIZACE HRADLOVÝCH KAPACIT PRO SIGMA-DELTA MODULÁTORY." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233499.
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This thesis deals with the utilization of new principles of characterization of gate capacitances for sigma-delta modulators. Sigma-delta modulators are the integral part of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters. The proposed new method is characterized by high resolution and modest requirements for laboratory equipment. It allows characterizing capacitances whose values are within the range which is used in sigma-delta modulators. The thesis contains description of the new method, the analysis of measurement accuracy and experimental results.
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Ait, Ladel Ayyoub. "Commande tolérante aux défauts des systèmes à multimodèles : application à des systèmes à multi-source d'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/220330_AITLADEL_882kmyqu655hkbca383zrkcz402ihwf_TH.pdf.
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Cette thèse traite des problématiques de détection/estimation des défauts et de commande tolérante aux défauts par conception intégrée. L’objectif est de concevoir des stratégies de contrôle capables de maintenir une performance robuste et acceptable même en présence de défauts. Les systèmes considérés sont de nature dynamique et sont à multi-modèles. Les approches proposées, dans le cadre de la thèse, consistent à formaliser la conception intégrée des unités de détection/estimation et de contrôle tolérant aux défauts sous la forme d’inégalités matricielles linéaires afin de surmonter la difficulté posée par le couplage observateur/contrôleur. Ces approches offrent la possibilité de considérer les différentes interactions entre le système, l’unité de détection/estimation et l’unité de contrôle. Cela permet d’assurer une analyse de stabilité globale du système en boucle fermée, et des performances robustes en termes de détection/estimation, de contrôle et de compensation des défauts. La thèse est composée principalement de trois parties. Dans la première partie, les résultats sur le contrôle, en présence de défauts capteurs ou actionneurs, sont établis pour les systèmes linéaires à commutation. Dans la deuxième partie, des extensions aux systèmes non-linéaires à commutation avec des défauts de capteurs et d’actionneurs sont proposées. Finalement, la troisième partie est constituée d’une étude complète d’un système à base d’énergies renouvelables. Il s’agit d’un système de nature multi-sources et multi-charges conçu pour répondre à plusieurs demandes et est assujetti à l’intermittence des énergies renouvelablesThis thesis deals with the fault detection/estimation and fault-tolerant control challenges through integrated design. The aim is to design control strategies able to maintain robust and acceptable performance even in the presence of faults. The considered systems are dynamic in nature and are multi-model. The approaches proposed in this thesis consist in formalizing the integrated design of the detection/estimation and fault-tolerant control units in the form of linear matrix inequalities to overcome the difficulty posed by the observer/controller coupling. These approaches provide the ability to consider the different interactions between the system, the detection/estimation unit, and the control unit. Therefore, ensuring a global stability analysis of the closed-loop system and robust performances in terms of detection/estimation, control, and fault compensation. The thesis is mainly composed of three parts. In the first part, results on the control in the presence of sensor or actuator faults are established for switched linear systems. In the second part, extensions to switched nonlinear systems with sensor and actuator faults are proposed. Finally, the third part consists of a complete study of a renewable energy system. It is a multi-source/multi-load system designed to meet multiple demands and is subject to the intermittency of renewable energies
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Jeon, Ham Hee. "Highly efficient linear CMOS power amplifiers for wireless communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47528.
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The rapidly expanding wireless market requires low cost, high integration and high performance of wireless communication systems. CMOS technology provides benefits of cost effectiveness and higher levels of integration. However, the design of highly efficient linear CMOS power amplifier that meets the requirement of advanced communication standards is a challenging task because of the inherent difficulties in CMOS technology. The objective of this research is to realize PAs for wireless communication systems that overcoming the drawbacks of CMOS process, and to develop design approaches that satisfying the demands of the industry. In this dissertation, a cascode bias technique is proposed for improving linearity and reliability of the multi-stage cascode CMOS PA. In addition, to achieve load variation immunity characteristic and to enhance matching and stability, a fully-integrated balanced PA is implemented in a 0.18-m CMOS process. A triple-mode balanced PA using switched quadrature coupler is also proposed, and this work saved a large amount of quiescent current and further improved the efficiency in the back-off power. For the low losses and a high quality factor of passive output combining, a transformer-based quadrature coupler was implemented using integrated passive device (IPD) process. Various practical approaches for linear CMOS PA are suggested with the verified results, and they demonstrate the potential PA design approach for WCDMA applications using a standard CMOS technology.
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Torcal, Garcia Guillem 1991. "Methylation of a lineage-instructive transcription factor acts as a cell fate switch." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673532.
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Lineage-instructive transcription factors orchestrate cell fate decisions by regulating gene expression programs. However, how their function is regulated throughout development is poorly understood. C/EBPα is a transcription factor that has been shown to play a key role in several cell fate decisions of several tissues, including myelopoiesis, adipogenesis and early embryo development. The protein arginine methyltransferase Carm1 has also been described to play a role in cell specification during various developmental processes, but a connection to C/EBPα has not been established. In this Thesis, we investigated the link between the two proteins in cell fate decisions. We found that arginine 35 of C/EBPα is a key target of Carm1 methylation, and that this post-translational modification alters the biological properties of the factor and acts as a cell fate switch during myelopoiesis, adipogenesis and the first cell fate decision between pluripotency and trophectoderm in early embryos.Los factores de transcripción instructores de linaje orquestan decisiones de identidad celular a través de la regulación de programas de expresión génica. Sin embargo, cómo su función está regulada durante el desarrollo todavía se desconoce. C/EBPα es un factor de transcripción que juega un papel clave en varias decisiones de identidad celular, incluyendo mielopoiesis, adipogénesis y el desarrollo embrionario temprano. La metiltransferasa de argininas Carm1 también está involucrada en los mismos procesos, pero todavía no se ha descrito una posible conexión con C/EBPα. En esta Tesis, hemos investigado la conexión entre éstas dos proteínas en decisiones de identidad celular. Hemos descubierto que la arginina 35 de C/EBPα es un blanco clave para la metilación por Carm1, y está modificación postraduccional altera las propiedades biológicas del factor y actúa como un interruptor de identidad celular en mielopoiesis, adipogénesis y en la primera decisión entre pluripotencia y trofectodermo en el embrión.
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Michit, Nicolas. "Switch optique pour la conception de liens WDM rapides en photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI033.
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La photonique sur silicium est une solution de remplacement de l’électronique pour les communications demandant des débits extrêmement élevés, intégré avec une haute densité au sein des serveurs, des cartes voire des puces. Pour atteindre de hauts débits (400G, 800G et au-delà), il est intéressant de multiplexer l’information et désagréger les ressources. Cela amène la nécessité de penser des switches capables de gérer de hauts débits et un grand nombre de ports. Dans un premier temps, le choix d’utiliser des liens à base d’anneaux a été justifié notamment en termes de compacité, de flexibilité du réseau qu’ils apportent et de faibles pertes optiques. Ces structures résonantes sont cependant très sensibles et il est important de bien comprendre les phénomènes physiques en jeu. Nous décrivons alors plusieurs modèles de résonance de l’anneau pour ensuite créer un modèle à la fois solvable analytiquement et suffisamment précis pour rendre compte des phénomènes mis en jeu. La validation de ce modèle est réalisée à l’aide de plusieurs tests faisant intervenir l’optique et l’électrique. Ce travail a permis de mieux appréhender l’anneau et ses paramètres constitutifs pour parvenir à minimiser son impact sur un lien WDM. Ensuite, nous avons soumis des idées d’améliorations possibles de ces résonateurs pour pallier à leurs défauts. Ainsi, des disques et des résonateurs utilisant la plateforme en nitrure de silicium ont été simulés, fabriquées puis testés pour finalement les comparer aux résonateurs en anneaux de référence. L’une de ces améliorations est topologique, il s’agit de cascader plusieurs résonateurs pour modifier la résonance finale. Cette modification topologique implique des modifications de l’architecture qui n’est pas forcément adaptée. Une réflexion sur les architectures WDM basées sur des simples et doubles anneaux est alors présentée. Pour limiter les diaphonies thermiques, des commutations groupées par longueur d’onde sont proposées tout en garantissant une table de vérité simple d’usage. La manière de piloter chaque anneau est très importante dans les switches et nous avons démontré un moyen transparent et non invasif de parvenir à faire la détection lumineuse nécessaire à une boucle de rétroaction. Enfin, nous proposons une réponse à la question de la taille maximale d’un switch avec des anneaux. A partir d’hypothèses maitrisées, nous estimons le cout final d’une architecture WDM en fonction du débit, du nombre de ports et de liens WDM. Ces résultats viennent ensuite confirmer ou contredire les hypothèses prises en compte pour l’élaboration de l’architecture du switchSilicon photonics stands as a promising solution to replace copper interconnections for communication requirements highly integrated inside data centers, inter and intra chip links. To achieve high data rate, one can use multiplexing on optical links combined with disaggregated resources. In such architectures, an optical switch being able to cope with high size and data rate is a core element to be designed. In this study, we focused on intrachip interconnections on a photonic interposer, based on wavelength multiplexed links around the 1310nm communication channel. Integration of laser sources, modulation of the data and reception of the signal is not addressed here. Our goal is the optical switching. At first, the choice to use ring resonators based links has been justified in terms of compactness, network flexibility and low optical losses. Those structures are though very sensitive to environment and geometry fluctuations: it is important to understand well physical effects at stake. We thus describe different ring resonance models to then create a model both analytic and enough accurate to describe peak shifts. The validation of this model is performed with optical and electrical tests. This work allowed a better understanding of the ring parameters in order to minimize its impact on a WDM link. We then propose ideas of possible improvements for those resonators. Disks and resonators using the silicon nitride layer have been simulated, fabricated and tested to compare their performances to the reference design. One of those improvements is topologic. One resonator is replaced by two coupled rings, to achieve a higher order of resonance. Since most of the switching architecture are not adapted to the use of double rings, we developed a new approach on that topic. To limit thermal crosstalk in WDM switches while keeping low footprint, resonators are grouped with respect to their wavelength. The scalability is preserved with a truth table kept to a fair level of simplicity for any number of wavelength multiplexed. The way to drive every resonator is a core topic in switching architectures, especially the detection of the resonance to perform a feedback loop. We demonstrated in this work a transparent and non-invasive way to detect light in a ring waveguide, based on the doped junction already used to drive the ring. Finally, we tackle the question of the switch scalability (without use of active amplifiers). Starting from reasonable hypothesis, we estimate the total switch bandwidth of a classical architecture taking into account data rate, number of ports and the wavelength multiplexing. Those system results confirm or invalidate some of the hypothesis taken in the architecture part
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Ducarne, Julien. "Modélisation et optimisation de dispositifs non-linéaires d’amortissement de structures par systèmes piézoélectriques commutés." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0633/document.
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Afin de réduire les vibrations d'une structure, on utilise des éléments piézoélectriques connectés à des circuits électriques passifs. L'objectif est de se rapprocher de l'efficacité du contrôle actif sans en supporter la complexité et la consommation. On considère d'abord l'association d'une résistance (qui a un effet similaire à un amortissement visqueux) et éventuellement d'une inductance (permettant de réaliser un oscillateur accordé) aux éléments piézoélectriques. Ces systèmes ont des propriétés intéressantes, mais sont peu efficaces à moins d'un accord très précis de l'inductance. Afin d'obtenir des performances élevées sans accord précis, on étudie un circuit à commutation, qui se ferme et s'ouvre à des instants bien précis. L'effet de la charge, qui freine la structure, s'apparente à un frottement sec. En synchronisant les commutations sur les vibrations, le système est auto-adaptatif et peut être auto-alimenté. Les fortes non-linéarités entraînent une excitation haute fréquence de la structure qui peut rendre la synchronisation problématique. Deux modèles électromécaniques (analytique et éléments finis) réduits sont proposés, permettant de décrire la dynamique du système complet de manière précise et de mettre en valeur le couplage entre un mode de vibration et le circuit électrique. Ce couplage est déterminant pour la réduction de vibrations. Une étude de l'influence de divers paramètres permet d'optimiser les éléments piézoélectriques, les circuits, et les instants de commutation. Ces résultats sont vérifiés expérimentalement. On constate un bon accord avec la théorie ; la difficulté de synchroniser correctement la commutation est aussi constatéeIn order to reduce the vibrations of a mechanical structure, one can use piezoelectric elements connected to passive electrical circuits. The goal is to achieve the same efficiency as active vibration control without the associated complexity and energy consumption. First the use of a resistor (with an effect similar to viscous damping) and eventually of an inductor (allowing the creation of a tuned resonator) for the circuit is considered. These systems have interesting properties, but are not very efficient, except in the case of a finely tuned inductor. In order to obtain good performance without requiring a precise tuning, a switching circuit is considered. The switching process is synchronized on the vibrations, and the effect of the free electric charge (similar to a dry damping) reduces the vibrations. This system is self-adaptive and can be self-powered. However, the strong non-linearities create a high frequency excitation which may disturb the switch timing. Two different reduced electromechanical models (analytical and finite element) are proposed, allowing a description of the whole system dynamics with accuracy and to emphasize the coupling between one vibration mode and the circuit. This coupling is found to be decisive for the performance in vibration reduction. A study of the influence of various parameters allow the optimisation of the piezoelectric elements, electric circuits and switch timing. These results are experimentally tested and a good agreement with the predictions is obtained ; the difficulty of switch timing is also noticed