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Journal articles on the topic 'Switched arrays'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Rowe, Helen. "Satellite DNA arrays barcode chromosomes to regulate genes." Open Access Government 36, no. 1 (October 5, 2022): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-036-10174.

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Satellite DNA arrays barcode chromosomes to regulate genes In this piece, Dr Helen Rowe summarizes how arrays or strings of multi-copy satellite DNAs can barcode chromosomes to regulate cell fate, by acting as molecular switches. Rowe explores Dark matter in relation to DNA and its unknown function and that makes up a huge 98% of our genome. Intense research in this area has revealed that dark matter contributes to gene-regulatory networks that serve to control where and when sets of genes are switched ON or OFF. Specialised cell types work by each expressing a unique set of genes: for example, a cell that functions in the adaptive immune system, such as an activated T cell, will switch on a different subset of genes than a neuron in the brain. Likewise, development is a highly regulated process, whereby different sets of genes are progressively switched on in different tissues. Thus, the dark matter within our genome contributes to the control of gene regulatory networks and biological systems.

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2

Sharawi, Mohammad S., Farooq Sultan, and Daniel N. Aloi. "A Comparative Performance Analysis of Two Printed Circular Arrays for Power-Based Vehicle Localization Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567918.

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A comparative study of the performance characteristics of a printed 8-element V-shaped circular antenna array and an 8-element Yagi circular array operating at 2.45 GHz for vehicular direction finding applications is presented. Two operating modes are investigated; switched and phased modes. The arrays were fabricated on FR-4 substrates with 0.8 mm thickness. Measured and simulated results were compared. Radiation gain patterns were measured on a 1 m diameter ground plane that resembles the rooftop of a vehicle. The HPBW of the Yagi was found to be about 3° narrower than its V-shaped counterpart when measured above a reflecting ground plane and operated in switched mode. The printed V-shaped antenna array offers 2.5 dB extra gain compared to the printed Yagi array.

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3

Gingrich, D. M., S. Bottcher, N. J. Buchanan, Shangli Liu, J. A. Parsons, and B. W. Sippach. "Radiation tolerant ASIC for controlling switched-capacitor arrays." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 51, no. 4 (August 2004): 1324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2004.832298.

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4

Maneiro-Catoira, Roberto, Julio Brégains, José A. García-Naya, and Luis Castedo. "Dual-Beam Steerable TMAs Combining AM and PM Switched Time-Modulation." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041399.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are increasingly requiring directional antennas that not only provide higher capacity, security, transmission range or robustness against interference, but also contribute with smart antenna capabilities such as adaptive beamforming or multi beam radiation patterns. Standard phased arrays provide these features, but employing feeding networks based on digitally controlled variable phase shifters (VPSs) which have the disadvantage of high cost and limited angular resolution. Instead, time-modulated arrays (TMAs) use switched feeding networks governed by digital periodic sequences which allow harmonic patterns to be radiated and endows (TMAs) with attractive multifunctional capabilities. In this paper, we analyze and properly combine (TMA) switched feeding networks capable of time-modulating an antenna array with discretized amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) waveforms. The advantages of the proposed innovative dual-beam (TMA) with respect to the competing architectures are, on the one hand, its power efficiency and beamsteering (BS) phase sensitivity and, on the other, its hardware simplicity, which allows for an excellent relative cost advantage.

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5

PALUSINSKI, O. A., D. M. GETTMAN, D. ANDERSON, H. ANDERSON, and C. MARCJAN. "FILTERING APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE ANALOG ARRAYS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 03 (June 1998): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812669800016x.

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A Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA), built in CMOS technology, contains uncommitted operational amplifiers, switches, and capacitors. A FPAA containing banks of programmable switched capacitors (SC) can be used to build filters for analog signals as well as a large number of diverse analog applications. The parameters of a given application, such as a filter, are functions of the capacitor values. Manufacturing and quantization errors may result in capacitor values in the FPAA other than those required by the application. For an FPAA to be a viable substitute for dedicated devices we must examine the error performance of the implementation. Such performance analysis can be built into the software to provide circuit designers with additional information. A methodology is described for determining a bound for the filter error as a function of capacitor errors and capacitor sizes. An example of detailed analysis for a low pass filter is included. Measurements of a low-pass filter implemented using Motorola's prototype FPAA compared favorably with the model predictions.

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6

Ludwig-Barbosa, Vinícius, Edson Schlosser, Renato Machado, Filipe Guterres Ferreira, Sabrina Müller Tolfo, and Marcos Vinício Thomas Heckler. "Linear Array Design with Switched Beams for Wireless Communications Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/278160.

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This paper presents an analysis for optimal design of switched beamforming applied to a linear array for wireless communication systems. The beam switching scheme provides coverage of a given sector in azimuth and controls the sidelobe level simultaneously. The analysis was developed considering arrays composed of Quasi-Yagi elements. The model assumes a user moving in the azimuthal direction under a constant velocity and with an estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the mobile user (MU). The radio base station applies the beam that yields the best performance during transmission. The decision is based on the feedback information received from the MU. The goal of the analysis is to determine the best trade-off between the array size and number of feedback bits necessary to maximize the SNR at the receiver. The results show that a compromise between the number of beam-pointing directions and the array size should be taken into consideration for a wireless communication system design.

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7

Varlamos, P. K., and C. N. Capsalis. "Electronic Beam Steering Using Switched Parasitic Smart Antenna Arrays." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 36 (2002): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier01100302.

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8

Phillips, J. R., H. S. J. van der Zant, and T. P. Orlando. "Dynamics of row-switched states in Josephson-junction arrays." Physical Review B 50, no. 13 (October 1, 1994): 9380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9380.

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9

Panebianco, S., D. Lo Presti, G. V. Russo, C. Caponetto, C. Petta, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, and M. Russo. "Switched capacitor arrays analog memory for sparse data sampling." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 434, no. 2-3 (September 1999): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00517-3.

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10

Sibille, A., C. Roblin, and G. Poncelet. "Circular switched monopole arrays for beam steering wireless communications." Electronics Letters 33, no. 7 (1997): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970402.

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11

Tong, Luyang, Changdong Chen, Yangjian Cai, and Lina Zhao. "Pulsed Optical Vortex Array Generation in a Self-Q-Switched Tm:YALO3 Laser." Materials 17, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051144.

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Optical vortex arrays are characterized by specific orbital angular momentums, and they have important applications in optical trapping and manipulation, optical communications, secure communications, and high-security information processing. Despite widespread research on optical vortex arrays, the 2 μm wavelength range remains underexplored. Pulsed lasers at 2 μm are vital in laser medicine, sensing, communications, and nonlinear optic applications. The need for 2 μm-pulsed structured optical vortices, combining the advantages of this wavelength range and optical vortex arrays, is evident. Therefore, using just three elements in the cavity, we demonstrate a compact self-Q-switched Tm:YALO3 vortex laser by utilizing the self-modulation effect of a laser crystal and a defect spot mirror. By tuning the position of the defect spot and the output coupler, the resonator delivers optical vortex arrays with phase singularities ranging from 1 to 4. The narrowest pulse widths of the TEM00 LG0,−1, two-, three-, and four-vortex arrays are 543, 1266, 1281, 2379, and 1615 ns, respectively. All the vortex arrays in our study have relatively high-power outputs, slope efficiencies, and single-pulse energies. This work paves the way for a 2 μm-pulsed structured light source that has potential applications in optical trapping and manipulation, free-space optical communications, and laser medicine.

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12

Finger, G., G. Nicolini, P. Biereichel, M. Meyer, and A. F. M. Moorwood. "Infrared Arrays at the European Southern Observatory." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 167 (1995): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900056308.

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This paper gives an overview of infrared array detectors which have been tested and used at ESO. The performance of arrays using Reticon type readouts, CCD readouts and switched FET multiplexers have been evaluated for both InSb and Hg1−xCdxTe detectors. Performance limitations specific to the NICMOS3 256 × 256 Hg1−xCdxTe detector installed in the ESO infrared array camera IRAC2 are addressed. The first test results with a high well capacity SBRC 256 × 256 InSb array are also presented.Advanced readout techniques for image sharpening tested on a 2.2-m telescope are discussed briefly. A new generation of instruments being built for the VLT, the very large telescope project of ESO, is designed to house large format 1024 × 1024 IR arrays. A fast data acquisition system is currently being developed at ESO. The system is capable of handling the high data rates generated in the thermal infrared by large format low well capacity arrays. It can also cope with the low read noise required for flux levels of ≤ one photon/sec. It will first be installed in ISAAC, the Infrared Array Camera and Spectrometer built for the VLT (Moorwood 1993). The present status of both the detector developments and the data acquisition system is reviewed.

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13

Zhao, Yuanhao, Mengyu Zong, Jie Zheng, Zhen Zhang, Qianqian Peng, Shouzhen Jiang, Jie Liu, Jingjing Liu, and Liangbi Su. "Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030454.

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We demonstrated a passively Q-switched Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 laser with indium tin oxide nanowire arrays as an optical modulator in the mid-infrared region. In the Q-switched regime, the maximum output power of 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 18.3% was acquired. Meanwhile, the minimum pulse duration and highest repetition rate of the stable pulse trains were 490 ns and 17.09 kHz, corresponding to single pulse energy of 3.4 μJ and peak power of 6.93 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge it was the first time that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays were employed as a saturable absorber to make pulse lasers carried out at 2.8 μm. The experimental data show that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays can be employed as a competitive candidate for saturable absorber in the field of mid-infrared solid-state lasers.

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14

Xu, Hui, Hong Zou, Li Hao Wei, and Tian Wang. "Modeling of Component Arrays via Scenario Driven Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2745.

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The component array is a group of components that implement the same functions but provide different qualities. These component implementations can be switched at runtime for satisfying different user requirements and coping with environment changes. However, the design of component arrays is completely performed by hands of developers, which is complex, time-consuming, error-prone, and is poor at keeping up with the actual runtime conditions. This paper presents a scenario-driven state-based approach to modeling component arrays for satisfying requirements of predictable qualities. The automation of four vital steps of this approach is dependent on the interaction based modeling and state-machine based modeling. The approach is illustrated with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and the demonstration and experimentation are implemented on JEE (Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition).

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15

Foroutan, Farzad, and Natalia Nikolova. "Active Sensor for Microwave Tissue Imaging with Bias-Switched Arrays." Sensors 18, no. 5 (May 6, 2018): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051447.

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16

Stephanou, George, and Demetrius Mavrakis. "Switched-Beam Planar Arrays Suitable for High-Resolution Acoustic Sounders." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-24, no. 5 (September 1986): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1986.289623.

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17

Slomian, Izabela, Krzysztof Wincza, and Slawomir Gruszczynski. "Circularly Polarized Switched-Beam Antenna Arrays With Reduced Sidelobe Level." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2502269.

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18

Bogdan, M., H. Huan, and S. Wakely. "64-Channel, 5 GSPS ADC Module with Switched Capacitor Arrays." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 718 (August 2013): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.08.087.

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19

Barahona, Mauricio, and Shinya Watanabe. "Row-switched states in two-dimensional underdamped Josephson-junction arrays." Physical Review B 57, no. 17 (May 1, 1998): 10893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.57.10893.

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20

Varlamos, P. K., and C. N. Capsalis. "Electronic Beam Steering Using Switched Parasitic Smart Antenna Arrays - Abstract." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 16, no. 7 (January 2002): 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939302x00264.

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21

Tsai, Jia-Fu, and Jeen-Sheen Row. "Balun-feed reconfigurable antenna applied for broadband switched beam arrays." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 4 (February 24, 2016): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29667.

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22

Wang, Rui, Olivier Renaudin, C. Umit Bas, Seun Sangodoyin, and Andreas F. Molisch. "On Channel Sounding With Switched Arrays in Fast Time-Varying Channels." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 8 (August 2019): 3843–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2919023.

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23

Kanbaz, Ihsan, Ugur Yesilyurt, Suleyman Kuzu, and Ertugrul Aksoy. "Total Harmonic Power of Arbitrarily Switched Nonuniform Period Time-Modulated Arrays." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 1 (January 2020): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2957528.

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24

Hallbjörner, P., M. Bergström, M. Boman, P. Lindberg, E. Ojefors, and A. Rydberg. "Millimetre-wave switched beam antenna using multiple travelling-wave patch arrays." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 152, no. 6 (2005): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:20045174.

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25

Wang, Jinhong, Lei Zhao, Changqing Feng, Shubin Liu, and Qi An. "Evaluation of a Fast Pulse Sampling Module With Switched-Capacitor Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 59, no. 5 (October 2012): 2435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2012.2208656.

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26

Varlamos, Pantelis K., Panagiotis J. Papakanellos, and Christos N. Capsalis. "Design of Circular Switched Parasitic Dipole Arrays Using a Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 11, no. 4 (October 2004): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-004-1241-2.

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27

Alreshaid, A. T., M. S. Sharawi, S. Podilchak, and K. Sarabandi. "Compact millimeter-wave switched-beam antenna arrays for short range communications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 8 (May 27, 2016): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29940.

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28

Mitilineos, Stelios A., Chrysoula A. Papagianni, Georgia I. Verikaki, and Christos N. Capsalis. "DESIGN OF SWITCHED BEAM PLANAR ARRAYS USING THE METHOD OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 46 (2004): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier03080802.

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29

Avital, Pierre, Gilles Chardon, and José Picheral. "Design of switching sequences for sine parameters estimation on switched antenna arrays." Signal Processing 188 (November 2021): 108244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2021.108244.

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30

Gonzalez, Enrique, and Gokhan Mumcu. "Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steering Focal Plane Arrays With Microfluidically Switched Feed Networks." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 12 (December 2018): 7424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2874488.

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31

LIASKAS, T., G. STEPHANOU, and D. MARTAKOS. "Beam pointing errors of phased arrays for digital switched beam acoustic radars." International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 1994): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954077.

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32

Spencer, HJ, G. Lucas, and P. Oconnor. "A Remotely Switched Passive Null-Peak Network for Animal Tracking and Radio Direction Finding." Wildlife Research 14, no. 3 (1987): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870311.

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A remotely switched null-peak network for combining RF signals from dual antenna arrays used for radio direction finding and animal tracking is described. The design is based on a balanced 50-Ohm coaxial bridge, which provides a difference (null) and summed (peak) output from two parallel antennas to the receiver. Reed relays activated through the receiver cable permit the network to be switched between peak or null modes of operation from the receiver, without the need for long dual cable runs from the antenna. The bridge presents a nominal 50-Ohm impedance at all terminals.

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33

Niazi, Kamran Ali Khan, Yongheng Yang, Mashood Nasir, and Dezso Sera. "Evaluation of Interconnection Configuration Schemes for PV Modules with Switched-Inductor Converters under Partial Shading Conditions." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2019): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142802.

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Partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) arrays reduces the overall output power and causes multiple maximas on the output power characteristics. Due to the introduction of multiple maximas, mismatch power losses become apparent among multiple PV modules. These mismatch power losses are not only a function of shading characteristics, but also depend on the placement and interconnection patterns of the shaded modules within the array. This research work is aimed to assess the performance of 4 × 4 PV array under different shading conditions. The desired objective is to attain the maximum output power from PV modules at different possible shading patterns by using power electronic-based differential power processing (DPP) techniques. Various PV array interconnection configurations, including the series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-linked (BL), and center-cross-tied (CCT) are considered under the designed shading patterns. A comparative performance analysis is carried out by analyzing the output power from the DPP-based architecture and the traditional Schottky diode-based architecture. Simulation results show the gain in the output power by using the DPP-based architecture in comparison to the traditional bypassing diode method.

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34

Abdel-hafeez, Saleh, Behrooz Parhami, and Mohammad Al-Hammouri. "A mixed analog–digital fast hamming-weight filtering circuit using switched-capacitor arrays." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 83, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-015-0502-6.

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35

Lee, Kyung Hoon, Kunhao Yu, Hasan Al Ba’ba’a, An Xin, Zhangzhengrong Feng, and Qiming Wang. "Sharkskin-Inspired Magnetoactive Reconfigurable Acoustic Metamaterials." Research 2020 (February 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/4825185.

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Most of the existing acoustic metamaterials rely on architected structures with fixed configurations, and thus, their properties cannot be modulated once the structures are fabricated. Emerging active acoustic metamaterials highlight a promising opportunity to on-demand switch property states; however, they typically require tethered loads, such as mechanical compression or pneumatic actuation. Using untethered physical stimuli to actively switch property states of acoustic metamaterials remains largely unexplored. Here, inspired by the sharkskin denticles, we present a class of active acoustic metamaterials whose configurations can be on-demand switched via untethered magnetic fields, thus enabling active switching of acoustic transmission, wave guiding, logic operation, and reciprocity. The key mechanism relies on magnetically deformable Mie resonator pillar (MRP) arrays that can be tuned between vertical and bent states corresponding to the acoustic forbidding and conducting, respectively. The MRPs are made of a magnetoactive elastomer and feature wavy air channels to enable an artificial Mie resonance within a designed frequency regime. The Mie resonance induces an acoustic bandgap, which is closed when pillars are selectively bent by a sufficiently large magnetic field. These magnetoactive MRPs are further harnessed to design stimuli-controlled reconfigurable acoustic switches, logic gates, and diodes. Capable of creating the first generation of untethered-stimuli-induced active acoustic metadevices, the present paradigm may find broad engineering applications, ranging from noise control and audio modulation to sonic camouflage.

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36

ARENA, PAOLO, SALVATORE CASTORINA, LUIGI FORTUNA, MATTIA FRASCA, and ALESSANDRO RIZZO. "AN INTEGRATED CHUA'S CELL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CHUA'S ARRAY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 01 (January 2004): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404009090.

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In this paper a new integrated Chua's circuit is implemented through switched-capacitor techniques. Recent studies on complex systems made of vast arrays or matrices of Chua's cells motivate the need for experimental verifications which could be easily accomplished by an integrated version of the array. Design efforts have been devoted to the reduction of the chip area consumption. The cell layout, realized in CMOS technology, is presented and experimental results confirm the validity of our chip implementation. The implementation presented allows the user to generate a wide gallery of complex behaviors. The system is in fact programmable: both the chaotic attractor generated by the single cell and the frequency range of the chaotic oscillations can be easily set via external control pins.

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37

Jasem, Rabah Abduljabbar. "Directive and Steerable Radiation Pattern using SASPA Array." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.03.01.

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This work examines the ability of a special type of smart antenna array known as Switched Active Switched Parasitic Antenna (SASPA) to produce a directive and electronically steerable radiation pattern. The SASPA array consists of antenna elements that are switchable between active and parasitic states by using P-Intrinsic-N (PIN) diodes. The active element is the element that is supplied by the radio frequency while short-circuiting the terminals of an element in the array results in a parasitic element. Due to the strong mutual coupling between the elements, a directional radiation pattern with high gain and a small beamwidth can be produced with only one active element operating at a time. By changing the parasitic state to the active state sequentially for all elements, the directed radiation pattern can be easily rotated. The antenna array structure used in this work is the uniform circular array (UCA) to achieve symmetrical radiation patterns and full coverage of the entire azimuth plane. Also, a novel method for reducing the mutual coupling effect in SASPA arrays is proposed in this work. By using this method, some parameters of the generated SASPA’s radiation pattern can be controlled. The simulated results obtained from this work depict that an N-element SASPA-UCA produces N-symmetrical, switchable, and steerable radiation patterns with high gain, small beamwidth, and a high Front-to-Back (F/B) ratio. Also, the results show that further improvements in these parameters can be achieved by increasing the number of elements in the array. Additional simulations demonstrate that by including decaying function weight in each element's circuitry, the mutual coupling between the components of the SASPA-UCA array can be minimized. The aforementioned parameters can then be efficiently modified using this mutual coupling reduction.

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38

Nakagawa, Yoshitaka, Riho Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kageyama, Yuya Oaki, and Hiroaki Imai. "Layer-by-layer manipulation of anisotropic nanoblocks: orientation-switched superlattices through orthogonal stacking of a and c directions." Nanoscale 10, no. 27 (2018): 12957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00777b.

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39

Jurgo, Marijan, and Romualdas Navickas. "Design of Gigahertz Tuning Range 5 GHz LC Digitally Controlled Oscillator in 0.18 μm CMOS." Journal of Electrical Engineering 67, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2016-0020.

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Abstract In this paper design and simulation of a 4.3 - 5.4 GHz LC digitally controlled oscillator (LC DCO) in IBM 7RF 0.18 μm CMOS technology are presented. Wide gigahertz tuning range is achieved by using two LC DCOs, sharing same structure. DCO is made of one NMOS negative impedance transistor pair and LC tank, which consists of high quality inductor and two switched capacitor arrays for coarse and fine frequency tuning. Coarse and fine tuning switched capacitor arrays are controlled using 6-bit and 3-bit binary words. To increase available frequency values, frequency divider is used. Structure of frequency divider is based on extended-true-single-phase-clock flip-flops. Divider is made of eight divide-by-2 cells connected in daisy chain, thus division values from 2 to 256 are available. Wide tuning range and high division values allows using such DCO with frequency divider in multi-standart transceivers. Whole device is supplied from a single 1.8 V voltage source. At highest frequency proposed device draws 90 mA current including all buffers. Phase noise is −116.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 5.44 GHz carrier. Designed dual DCO and frequency divider occupies about 0.4mm×0.5mm of chip space and whole chip, including pads, occupies 1.5mm × 1.5mm area of silicon.

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40

Zhang, Lei, Yongfeng Cui, Qi Wang, Huimin Zhou, Hao Wang, Yuzhan Li, Zhou Yang, Hui Cao, Dong Wang, and Wanli He. "Spatial Patterning of Fluorescent Liquid Crystal Ink Based on Inkjet Printing." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175536.

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Fluorescent cholesteric liquid crystal materials (FCLC) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties can effectively solve the contradiction between aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) and liquid crystal self-assembly when light-emitting materials are aggregated, and they have great application value in the fields of anti-counterfeit detection and information hiding. However, generating a visually appealing design, logo, or image in the application typically requires an intricate fabrication process, such as the use of prefabricated molds and photomasks, which greatly limits the practical application of FCLC materials. Herein is reported a new method for spatially patterned liquid crystal (LC) microdroplet arrays using drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology. Through rational composition design, a spatial array composed of different liquid crystal microdroplets was established, and the array contains two entirely distinct but intact patterns at the same time, which can be reversibly switched under the irradiation of UV and natural light. This study provides a new method for the integrated preparation of different component liquid crystal materials.

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Dursun, M. "A Wheelchair Driven with Fuzzy Logic Controlled Switched Reluctance Motor Supplied by PV Arrays." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 19 (September 15, 2008): 3351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.3351.3360.

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Stricker-Shaver, D., S. Ritt, and B. J. Pichler. "Novel Calibration Method for Switched Capacitor Arrays Enables Time Measurements With Sub-Picosecond Resolution." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 61, no. 6 (December 2014): 3607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2014.2366071.

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Greenman, Robert L., Robert E. Lenkinski, and Mitchell D. Schnall. "Bilateral imaging using separate interleaved 3D volumes and dynamically switched multiple receive coil arrays." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 39, no. 1 (January 1998): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910390117.

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Li, Zhongwen, Rui Bo, Hui Shen, Yi Lin, Guang Song, Yanzong Wang, Guannan Li, et al. "Abnormal topological domains in a high-density array of ferroelectric nanodots." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 9 (March 7, 2023): 094102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119239.

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Utilizing vector PFM (piezoresponse force microscopy) on high-density nanodot arrays, ferroelectric nanodots and domain structure in nanodot arrays were investigated in the current study. Accordingly, we identified four types of topological domain states based on the measurements of spontaneous polarization vectors vs writing results in nanodots. In addition to convergent and divergent domains with upward and downward polarization, double-center domains and triple-center domains were also identified. In addition, center domains could be reversibly switched under the electric field produced by the biased PFM tip, and their stability could be maintained by compensating the polarization charge with the accumulated charge. These stable topological domain states in discrete nanodots present an opportunity to further investigate their new properties in high-density memory devices.

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Ma, Lei, Na Yan, Sizheng Chen, Yangzi Liu, and Hao Min. "A 3.22–5.45 GHz and 199 dBc/Hz FoMT CMOS Complementary Class-C DCO." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391.

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This paper implements a complementary Class-C digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with differential transistor pairs. The transistors are dynamically biased by feedback loops separately benefiting the robust oscillation start-up with low power consumption. By optimizing three switched capacitor arrays and employing fractional capacitor array with sigma-delta modulator (SDM), the presented DCO operates from 3.22 GHz to 5.45 GHz with a 51.5% frequency tuning range and 0.1 ppm frequency resolution. The design was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process with power consumption of 2.8 mA at 1.2 V voltage supply. Measurement results show that the phase noise is about −126 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from a 5.054 GHz carrier frequency with the 1/f3 corner frequency of 260 KHz. The resulting FoMT achieves 199.4 dBc/Hz and varies less than 2 dB across the frequency tuning range.

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Panagiotou, Stylianos, Themistokis Dimousios, Stelios Mitilineos, and Christos Capsalis. "Broadband switched parasitic arrays for portable DVB-T receiver applications in the VHF/UHF bands." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 50, no. 5 (October 2008): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2008.4674719.

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Elserougi, Ahmed A., Mohamed S. Diab, Ahmed M. Massoud, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, and Shehab Ahmed. "A Switched PV Approach for Extracted Maximum Power Enhancement of PV Arrays During Partial Shading." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tste.2015.2414180.

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Arnold, Michael S. "(Invited) Aligning Dense Arrays of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Logic and RF Technologies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 9 (December 22, 2023): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0291017mtgabs.

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Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity that can be switched on and off, that have allowed for nearly all electronics. However, most semiconductor devices utilize silicon, a microelectronics technology more half a century old. Silicon is now being extended to its limit and cannot meet the needs of next-generation devices. Carbon nanotubes are nanoscale semiconducting wires that conduct more electricity per area than silicon and more rapidly switch between on and off states with less voltage, making them ideal for next-generation fast, low-energy logic and high-speed, linear RF devices. However, no one has yet been able create a process for employing nanotubes commercially. In raw form, nanotubes are disordered and tangled and thus do not conduct electricity well. For nanotubes to be most useful, they must be lined up in the same direction in a single layer so that electricity can rapidly and efficiently travel through them. This has been a long-standing roadblock. This talk will present recent discoveries at the University of Wisconsin on (1) purifying and aligning semiconducting nanotubes into massively parallel arrays and (2) the research and development of semiconducting carbon nanotubes for logic and radio frequency technologies. We have pioneered nanotube array fabrication technologies that enable the (a) partial alignment of nanotubes (±30˚) via shear (demonstrated 100 mm wafer-scale); (b) finer alignment (±6˚) at liquid-liquid interfaces (demonstrated 100 mm size-scale); and, (c) the selected-area deposition of nanotube arrays (±7˚) in lithographically-defined patterns combining topographical and chemical features (demonstrated 25 mm size-scale). Most recently, we have discovered a powerful new mechanism for driving the self-assembly of nanotubes into aligned arrays, by coaxing them to form two-dimensional liquid-crystals. We have uncovered that when nanotubes are segregated to liquid-liquid interfaces, mesogenic interactions cause them to self-align (within +/-5.7 degrees so far) and self-assemble into dense arrays (> 100 per micron) like those needed for microelectronics. The assembled nanotubes are easily integrated on silicon substrates at room-temperature and integrated into high-performance devices. APL (2014); ACS Nano (2014); Science Advances (2016); Langmuir (2017); Adv Elect Materials (2019); Science Advances (2021); Nanoscale Advances (2021); JAP (2022). Highlights by Bloomberg News https://youtu.be/VsUF_CBJq50 (2022); US Patent 10,873,026; US Patent 10,074,819; US Patent 9,673,399.

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Ahmad, Javed, Mohammad Zaid, Adil Sarwar, Chang-Hua Lin, Mohammed Asim, Raj Kumar Yadav, Mohd Tariq, Kuntal Satpathi, and Basem Alamri. "A New High-Gain DC-DC Converter with Continuous Input Current for DC Microgrid Applications." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092629.

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The growth of renewable energy in the last two decades has led to the development of new power electronic converters. The DC microgrid can operate in standalone mode, or it can be grid-connected. A DC microgrid consists of various distributed generation (DG) units like solar PV arrays, fuel cells, ultracapacitors, and microturbines. The DC-DC converter plays an important role in boosting the output voltage in DC microgrids. DC-DC converters are needed to boost the output voltage so that a common voltage from different sources is available at the DC link. A conventional boost converter (CBC) suffers from the problem of limited voltage gain, and the stress across the switch is usually equal to the output voltage. The output from DG sources is low and requires high-gain boost converters to enhance the output voltage. In this paper, a new high-gain DC-DC converter with quadratic voltage gain and reduced voltage stress across switching devices was proposed. The proposed converter was an improvement over the CBC and quadratic boost converter (QBC). The converter utilized only two switched inductors, two capacitors, and two switches to achieve the gain. The converter was compared with other recently developed topologies in terms of stress, the number of passive components, and voltage stress across switching devices. The loss analysis also was done using the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLCES). The experimental and theoretical analyses closely agreed with each other.

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Huang, Hongxin, Xiaofeng Zhu, Shijie Su, Huangwu Li, Chunqing Huang, Haolin Lin, and Zhaopin Chen. "Discrete soliton diode induced by synthetic gauge phase." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 26, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863517500126.

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We demonstrate the nonreciprocal dynamics of discrete solitons (DSs) induced by a uniform synthetic gauge phase (SGP) in one-dimensional waveguide array. The SGP is embedded into the coupling constant between the waveguides, which provides a directional momentum to the propagating fields and creates a nonreciprocal for the system. When a kicked Gaussian wave packet propagates through the waveguide arrays, diode effects are formed. Dependence between the diode effect and the SGP is studied. We found that the threshold of the reverse breakdown of this optical diode exhibits a perfect linear dependence against the SGP, and an extremely high diode quality can be achieved when the initial phase tilt exactly compensates the initial momentum provided by the SGP. Moreover, the direction of the diode can be switched by the direction of the SGP, which brings additional freedom to control the one-way propagation of the DSs. Our finding may have potential application to realizing new devices in high-speed all-optical communications.

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