Relevant bibliographies by topics / Switched arrays

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Switched arrays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Rowe, Helen. "Satellite DNA arrays barcode chromosomes to regulate genes." Open Access Government 36, no. 1 (October 5, 2022): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-036-10174.

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Satellite DNA arrays barcode chromosomes to regulate genes In this piece, Dr Helen Rowe summarizes how arrays or strings of multi-copy satellite DNAs can barcode chromosomes to regulate cell fate, by acting as molecular switches. Rowe explores Dark matter in relation to DNA and its unknown function and that makes up a huge 98% of our genome. Intense research in this area has revealed that dark matter contributes to gene-regulatory networks that serve to control where and when sets of genes are switched ON or OFF. Specialised cell types work by each expressing a unique set of genes: for example, a cell that functions in the adaptive immune system, such as an activated T cell, will switch on a different subset of genes than a neuron in the brain. Likewise, development is a highly regulated process, whereby different sets of genes are progressively switched on in different tissues. Thus, the dark matter within our genome contributes to the control of gene regulatory networks and biological systems.
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Sharawi, Mohammad S., Farooq Sultan, and Daniel N. Aloi. "A Comparative Performance Analysis of Two Printed Circular Arrays for Power-Based Vehicle Localization Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567918.

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A comparative study of the performance characteristics of a printed 8-element V-shaped circular antenna array and an 8-element Yagi circular array operating at 2.45 GHz for vehicular direction finding applications is presented. Two operating modes are investigated; switched and phased modes. The arrays were fabricated on FR-4 substrates with 0.8 mm thickness. Measured and simulated results were compared. Radiation gain patterns were measured on a 1 m diameter ground plane that resembles the rooftop of a vehicle. The HPBW of the Yagi was found to be about 3° narrower than its V-shaped counterpart when measured above a reflecting ground plane and operated in switched mode. The printed V-shaped antenna array offers 2.5 dB extra gain compared to the printed Yagi array.
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Gingrich, D. M., S. Bottcher, N. J. Buchanan, Shangli Liu, J. A. Parsons, and B. W. Sippach. "Radiation tolerant ASIC for controlling switched-capacitor arrays." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 51, no. 4 (August 2004): 1324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2004.832298.

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Maneiro-Catoira, Roberto, Julio Brégains, José A. García-Naya, and Luis Castedo. "Dual-Beam Steerable TMAs Combining AM and PM Switched Time-Modulation." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041399.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are increasingly requiring directional antennas that not only provide higher capacity, security, transmission range or robustness against interference, but also contribute with smart antenna capabilities such as adaptive beamforming or multi beam radiation patterns. Standard phased arrays provide these features, but employing feeding networks based on digitally controlled variable phase shifters (VPSs) which have the disadvantage of high cost and limited angular resolution. Instead, time-modulated arrays (TMAs) use switched feeding networks governed by digital periodic sequences which allow harmonic patterns to be radiated and endows (TMAs) with attractive multifunctional capabilities. In this paper, we analyze and properly combine (TMA) switched feeding networks capable of time-modulating an antenna array with discretized amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) waveforms. The advantages of the proposed innovative dual-beam (TMA) with respect to the competing architectures are, on the one hand, its power efficiency and beamsteering (BS) phase sensitivity and, on the other, its hardware simplicity, which allows for an excellent relative cost advantage.
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PALUSINSKI, O. A., D. M. GETTMAN, D. ANDERSON, H. ANDERSON, and C. MARCJAN. "FILTERING APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE ANALOG ARRAYS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 03 (June 1998): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812669800016x.

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A Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA), built in CMOS technology, contains uncommitted operational amplifiers, switches, and capacitors. A FPAA containing banks of programmable switched capacitors (SC) can be used to build filters for analog signals as well as a large number of diverse analog applications. The parameters of a given application, such as a filter, are functions of the capacitor values. Manufacturing and quantization errors may result in capacitor values in the FPAA other than those required by the application. For an FPAA to be a viable substitute for dedicated devices we must examine the error performance of the implementation. Such performance analysis can be built into the software to provide circuit designers with additional information. A methodology is described for determining a bound for the filter error as a function of capacitor errors and capacitor sizes. An example of detailed analysis for a low pass filter is included. Measurements of a low-pass filter implemented using Motorola's prototype FPAA compared favorably with the model predictions.
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Ludwig-Barbosa, Vinícius, Edson Schlosser, Renato Machado, Filipe Guterres Ferreira, Sabrina Müller Tolfo, and Marcos Vinício Thomas Heckler. "Linear Array Design with Switched Beams for Wireless Communications Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/278160.

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This paper presents an analysis for optimal design of switched beamforming applied to a linear array for wireless communication systems. The beam switching scheme provides coverage of a given sector in azimuth and controls the sidelobe level simultaneously. The analysis was developed considering arrays composed of Quasi-Yagi elements. The model assumes a user moving in the azimuthal direction under a constant velocity and with an estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the mobile user (MU). The radio base station applies the beam that yields the best performance during transmission. The decision is based on the feedback information received from the MU. The goal of the analysis is to determine the best trade-off between the array size and number of feedback bits necessary to maximize the SNR at the receiver. The results show that a compromise between the number of beam-pointing directions and the array size should be taken into consideration for a wireless communication system design.
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Varlamos, P. K., and C. N. Capsalis. "Electronic Beam Steering Using Switched Parasitic Smart Antenna Arrays." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 36 (2002): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier01100302.

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Phillips, J. R., H. S. J. van der Zant, and T. P. Orlando. "Dynamics of row-switched states in Josephson-junction arrays." Physical Review B 50, no. 13 (October 1, 1994): 9380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9380.

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Panebianco, S., D. Lo Presti, G. V. Russo, C. Caponetto, C. Petta, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, and M. Russo. "Switched capacitor arrays analog memory for sparse data sampling." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 434, no. 2-3 (September 1999): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00517-3.

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Sibille, A., C. Roblin, and G. Poncelet. "Circular switched monopole arrays for beam steering wireless communications." Electronics Letters 33, no. 7 (1997): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970402.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Jasem, Rabah Abduljabbar. "High Resolution Direction of Arrival Estimation with Switched Active Switched Parasitic Antenna Arrays." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82087.

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This thesis investigates the ability of Switched Active Switched Parasitic antenna (SASPA) as direction finding arrays. SASPA array consists of N identical antennas in which one element is in active state while the others are parasites during one point of measurement time. The improvements in direction of arrival estimation achieved by using SASPA arrays were examined under different scenarios of the data model. Several estimations were conducted to depict the outperformance of SASPA arrays over all-active antenna arrays.
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Janapsatya, Januar. "Switched-beam smart antenna system for indoor wireless LAN /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18419.pdf.

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Kitcher, Daniel John. "Tapered gain guides in diode lasers and picosecond Q-switched bow tie laser arrays." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285315.

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Hilton, Clint Richard. "A Flexible Circuit-Switched Communication Network for FPGA-Based SOC Design." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd799.pdf.

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Joshi, Gaurav Gaurang. "Four Branch Diversity Combining and Adaptive Beamforming Measurements Using Mobile Arrays at 2.05 GHz." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43757.

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Mobile arrays employing diversity combining and adaptive beamforming techniques overcome multipath fading, improve coverage, and increase capacity in wireless communications systems. In this thesis, diversity combining and adaptive beamforming performance of different four element arrays for mobile (vehicular speed) and portable (pedestrian speed) terminals is investigated. The performance of four element arrays with different configurations and with different element patterns is compared using the square array of four half-wave dipole elements as the baseline. Results from diversity and beamforming measurements, performed in urban and suburban environments for both line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed multipath channels are used to analyze and compare the performances of different four element arrays. At cumulative probabilities of 10%, 1% and 0.1%, diversity gain and improvement in signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) are calculated from the diversity combining measurements and interference rejection measurements respectively. Experimental results illustrating the dependence of diversity gain on power imbalance, envelope correlation and diversity-combining scheme are presented. Measurements were performed at 2.05 GHz using the handheld antenna array testbed (HAAT). Low profile linear arrays are shown to provide diversity gain values of 5 to 8 dB and 11 to 16 dB, respectively for switched and maximal ratio combining at the 99% reliability level in non-line-of-sight urban channel. Interference cancellation of 24 to 28 dB was recorded in urban and suburban line-of-sight (LOS) channels for the sectorized square array. Results of vehicular measurements with the arrays mounted on a ground plane supported above the vehicle roof are also reported.
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Wennström, Mattias. "On MIMO Systems and Adaptive Arrays for Wireless Communication : Analysis and Practical Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Signals and Systems Group, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2604.

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This thesis is concerned with the use of multiple antenna elements in wireless communication over frequency non-selective radio channels. Both measurement results and theoretical analysis are presented. New transmit strategies are derived and compared to existing transmit strategies, such as beamforming and space-time block coding (STBC). It is found that the best transmission algorithm is largely dependent on the channel characteristics, such as the number of transmit and receive antennas and the existence of a line of sight component. Rayleigh fading multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels are studied using an eigenvalue analysis and exact expressions for the bit error rates and outage capacities for beamforming and STBC is found. In general are MIMO fading channels correlated and there exists a mutual coupling between antenna elements. These findings are supported by indoor MIMO measurements. It is found that the mutual coupling can, in some scenarios, increase the outage capacity. An adaptive antenna testbed is used to obtain measurement results for the single input multiple output (SIMO) channel. The results are analyzed and design guidelines are obtained for how a beamformer implemented in hardware shall be constructed. The effects of nonlinear transmit amplifiers in array antennas are also analyzed, and it is shown that an array reduces the effective intermodulation distortion (IMD) transmitted by the array antenna by a spatial filtering of the IMD. A novel frequency allocation algorithm is proposed that reduces IMD even further. The use of a low cost antenna with switchable directional properties, the switched parasitic antenna, is studied in a MIMO context and compared to array techniques. It is found that it has comparable performance, at a fraction of the cost for an array antenna.

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Chang, Simon. "A switched current field programmable analogue array." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284425.

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Chen, Derrick. "TSFPGA, a time-switched field-programmable gate array." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41373.

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Smith, Peter Raymond. "Ultrasonic phased array techniques using switched-mode excitation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4570/.

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Ultrasound is predominantly an ‘active’ sensing modality, with information obtained by transmission of an acoustic wave, followed by analysis of received signals. Transmission occurs when electrical signals are converted to acoustic signals. This thesis covers the design and application of these electrical signals to an array transducer. As an introduction, the development of a bespoke ultrasound array research platform is discussed. This enabling technology is built around switched-mode excitation: a method of approximating an analogue waveform by selecting between discrete voltage levels. The use of switched-mode methods has led to three major topics of research. Firstly, a transmit beamformer architecture that provides fine control of excitation sequence timing using embedded-phase locked loops is presented. This enables accurate implementation of firing sequences or phasing between transducer elements, thus minimizing time-quantization error, and providing an improved representation of the expected pressure field. An introduction to transmit beamforming is given, the impact of timequantization is discussed, and the transmit beamformer’s performance is demonstrated. Secondly, a method of arbitrary waveform generation using switched-mode excitation is described. The method encodes width-modulated sequences of three or five discrete voltage levels, that, once passed through a transducer, give close approximation to the desired arbitrary waveform. Applications include: power control, pulse shaping, and array apodization. Each application is demonstrated by simulation and experimentation. An extension to the method is shown for ‘chirp’ coded imaging, demonstrating the capability for generation of frequency modulated waveforms. The improvement in image quality when compared with conventional square-wave, ‘pseudo-chirp’ excitation signals is shown. Lastly, the performance of the width-modulated signals is further extended so as to remove unwanted third-harmonic content whilst still maintaining pulse amplitude control.Removal of the third harmonic reduces harmonic distortion, has benefits in applications such as harmonic imaging, and extends the use of switched-mode operation with wide bandwidth transducers.
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Nguyen, Dinh Loi. "Switched beam array antenna for 2.45 GHz RFID localisation." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5825.

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Most people are familiar with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as its applications are around us in many systems, such as anti-theft devices in shops, supermarkets and libraries, building access systems. The number of applications and devices has developed explosively in the past decade and has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the radio technology industry. RFID systems allow information to be attached to items such as products, animals or even people. This information may be read, and in some cases changed, by an RFID reader some distance away. RFID localisation systems are an active area of research as they add further capabilities to current RFID systems. Localisation allows the position of tagged items to be determined from the RFID communications signal. Current systems can confirm that a specific item is within the reader read range but finding the item requires a systematic search. The primary objective of this thesis is to build a new, economical and versatile 2.45 GHz localisation system for active and passive RFID tags. Alternative systems rely upon signal strength measurements and yield large uncertainties due to the unknown orientation of the tags. The proposed system reader consists of a microstrip switched beam array antenna. The array antenna allows the estimation of the angular position of the tag. The use of two or more readers provides the tags position by triangulation. The array antenna provides other advantages such as improved read range and mitigation against interference and multipath fading. In the process of designing the antenna array, several new, compact, slotted, circularly polarised, square patch antennas have been produced. A range of technologies have been applied to achieve miniaturisation of the microwave circuit elements require to drive the antenna array, the Butler matrix (BM). Fabricated circuits achieve significant size area reduction with similar performances compared to the conventional ones. These developments will have wide application beyond the RFID localisation system. Finally, accuracy of the system varies with angle due to the complicated relationships between Angle of Arrival (AoA) and port output powers. The localisation algorithm along with measured power inside the standard anechoic room show that the standard deviations of the AoA estimation errors less than 1.6° for most angles in the operational range from -90 degrees to 90 degree and a standard error less than 0.6o for AoA angles with 20o of the perpendicular at AoA with power ratios perturbed by additive noise of standard deviation 0.5 dB.
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Books on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Performance of multiplexed GE:GA detector arrays in the far infrared. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1990.

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Kearney-Hopkins, Joan. HV277A - 8-Channel, 200V, 20 MA High-Voltage Amplifier Array with Pull-Down Switch with Pull-down Switch. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Lee, Edward K. F., and Wai L. Hui. "A Novel Switched-Capacitor Based Field-Programmable Analog Array Architecture." In Field-Programmable Analog Arrays, 35–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5224-3_2.

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Kutuk, Haydar, and Sung-Mo Steve Kang. "A Switched Capacitor Approach to Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) Design." In Field-Programmable Analog Arrays, 51–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5224-3_3.

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McCall, S. L., and J. L. Jewell. "Monolithic Microresonator Arrays of Optical Switches." In Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, 467–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7341-8_58.

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Jeong, Doo Seok. "Greedy Edge-Wise Training of Resistive Switch Arrays." In Applications of Emerging Memory Technology, 177–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8379-3_7.

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Hanan, Garry S., Ulrich S. Schubert, Dirk Volkmer, Jean-Marie Lehn, Jörg Hassmann, Catherine Y. Hahn, Oliver Waldmann, Paul Müller, Gerhard Baum, and Dieter Fenske. "Design of Coordination Arrays as Potential Molecular Memory Units and Switches." In Molecular Recognition and Inclusion, 349–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5288-4_56.

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Duthie, P. J., M. J. Wale, and I. Bennion. "A New Architecture for Large Integrated Optical Switch-Arrays." In Photonic Switching, 146–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73388-8_30.

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Jeong, Yeonjune, Hyunduk Kim, Byung-Sung Kim, and Hyunseung Choo. "Avoidance of Co-channel Interference Using Switched Parasitic Array Antenna in Femtocell Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2010, 158–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12179-1_15.

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Bogert, G. A. "4×4 Ti:LiNbO3 Switch Array with Full Broadcast Capability." In Photonic Switching, 67–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73388-8_11.

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Liu, A. Q., X. M. Zhang, V. M. Murukeshan, Q. X. Zhang, Q. B. Zou, and S. Uppili. "Optical Switch Using Draw-Bridge Micromirror for Large Array Crossonnects." In Transducers ’01 Eurosensors XV, 1296–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59497-7_305.

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Kung, S. Y., S. N. Jean, and C. W. Chang. "Fabrication-Time and Run-Time Fault-Tolerant Array Processors Using Single-Track Switches." In Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 281–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6799-8_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Tennant, A., Y. Tong, and Y. Wang. "Time-switched arrays and reflect-arrays." In 2014 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2014.6955686.

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Sakano, Toshikazu, and Kazuhiro Noguchi. "Turnover-type Free-space Multichannel Optical Switch." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pwc.5.

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Free-space optical switches are attractive candidates to replace conventional electrical switches in future supercomputers and telecommunication systems[1]. The switches have the potential to handle a large number of high speed signals without suffering from such problems as electromagnetic interference, signal delay, and clock skew. Liquid crystal light modulators which can control the polarization state of light are promising as the switching devices in such switches, because they make it easy to construct large arrays, and they are transparent to the lights being switched over a wide wavelength region. Several free-space multichannel optical switches based on these devices have been proposed for multistage optical switching networks [2],[3]. The optical switches are the one-way type in which optical signals enter one side of the switch body and are output from the other side. Input and output fiber arrays must, therefore, be situated on both sides of the switch. In applying such switches to intra-board chip-to-chip interconnects in a multiprocessor system, the input and output links of each processor have to be connected to the optical switch via input and output optical fibers, respectively [4]. This scheme causes wiring congestion and restricts the architecture of the system if the number of processors is increased.
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Zainud-Deen, S. H., D. G. Moharrain, K. H. Awadalla, and B. A. Sharshar. "Circularly polarized switched parasitic quadrifilar helical arrays." In Twenty-Second National Radio Science Conference, 2005. NRSC 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2005.193988.

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Tong, Yizhen, Alan Tennant, and Richard J. Langley. "Beam steering techniques for time-switched arrays." In Propagation Conference (LAPC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lapc.2009.5352421.

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Davis, R. Michael, and Curtiss A. Niblack. "Performance Predictions Of InSb Switched Fet Hybrid Arrays." In 1986 Astronomy Conferences, edited by David L. Crawford. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968121.

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Gingrich, D. M., S. Bottcher, N. J. Buchanan, S. Liu, J. A. Parsons, and W. Sippach. "Radiation tolerant ASIC for controlling switched-capacitor arrays." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352026.

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Schlosser, Edson R., Roger L. Farias, Marcos V. T. Heckler, and Renato Machado. "Optimization of switched-beam arrays for communication systems." In 2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2014.6933420.

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Novotny, R. A., R. L. Pawelski, R. S. Veach, and A. L. Lentine. "Demonstration of a free-space 2×2 switching mode using symmetric self-electro-optic-effect device modulators and detectors." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wb1.

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A 2 × 2 photonic switching node was demonstrated that switched two 140 Mbps extended quality television signals with error-free performance, using discrete optical components, and extensible arrays of symmetric self-electro-optic-effect device (S-SEED) differential modulators and detectors.1 The switch consisted of two electronically controlled differential GaAs quantum well modulator arrays, one differential GaAs quantum well detector array, and a space invariant interconnection. Laser diodes were used for the optical interconnections. Each differential modulator (detector) consisted of two serially connected MQW diodes (i.e., a symmetric SEED) with the modulating voltage applied to (modulated current detected from) a center tap between the diodes. Two S-SEED cells were used within each 2 × 4 array spaced on a 30 × 40-μm pitch with two 10-μm round windows for each MQW diode. The system was tolerant to laser noise and remained aligned and stable. We show switch performance (speed, cross-talk, BER, energy & power dissipation) and describe possible extensions of this system for backplane (board-to-board) interconnection.
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McCormick, F. B., F. A. P. Tooley, T. J. Cloonan, J. L. Brubaker, A. L. Lentine, R. L. Morrison, S. L. Walker, S. J. Hinterlong, and M. J. Herron. "S-SEED-based photonic switching network demonstration." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thy54.

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We implemented part of a multistage switching networkby optically interconnecting three 16 × 8 symmetric-self-electro-opticeffect-device (S-SEED) arrays. The inputs consisted of 64 data and 64 control signals, which were first converted to differential format, fanned out by 2, and then switched through an array of 64, 2×1 switching nodes. The data inputs were generated by a matrix of 64 fibers and identical control signals were sent to all 64 switch nodes by a control laser and an 8 × 8 binary-phase grating. The S-SEEDs have 5×10µm windows on a 20µm pitch, and they were operated as arrays of NAND and NOR gates. Crossover interconnections were used both between and within switch node stages. Logic-level nonuniformity and noise-margin difficulties that were present in an earlier experiment1 have been reduced, and fully functional, relatively stable operation has been achieved. Details of the architecture, optical hardware, and system performance will be presented.
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Kalis, Antonakopoulos, and Makios. "A power divider/combiner block for switched beam arrays." In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics ISIE-02. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2002.1026046.

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Reports on the topic "Switched arrays"

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Cheng, Julian. Integrated Photonic Switches and Logic Gate Arrays for Parallel Optical Switching and Computer Architectures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297732.

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Pargeter. L51632 Evaluation of the Time Delay for Cold Cracking. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010555.

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Program to determine the potential delay times required to cause cold cracking (hydrogen cracking). Cracking induced in welds deposited into circumferential grooves has been monitored by ultrasonic techniques. Initial use of an array of fixed transducers which were switched electronically was found to be inadequate for the determination of delay times under near threshold cracking conditions. Since delay times are expected to be greatest for such conditions, a change was made to intermit tent monitoring using P-scan equipment. By plotting percentage projected area free from reflections of less than -28dB against time from completion of welding, it was found possible to monitor the progress of cracking for near threshold conditions. Single pass welds in 0 .12" (3 mm) grooves and multipass welds 0.24" (6 mm) grooves in 22" (559 mm) diameter, 0.43711 (11 mm) wall thickness, grade X48 pipe, welded with AWS E7010G and E8010G consumables have been used.
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3

Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg, and George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.

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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.
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