Journal articles: 'Switch-reference'

1

Keine, Stefan. "Deconstructing switch-reference." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 31, no. 3 (May 21, 2013): 767–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-013-9194-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Clem, Emily. "Against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4317.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent accounts of switch-reference have suggested that direct reference tracking is not involved. Instead, these accounts have sought to derive patterns of switch-reference from other independently attested phenomena such as control and coordination. What these diverse theories have in common is the prediction that same subject constructions should contain only one instance of a subject DP. I present evidence from Amahuaca showing that overt DP subjects can appear in both clauses in same subject constructions, contra the predictions of these non-reference-tracking theories. However, there is also evidence that Amahuaca same subject marked clauses are structurally smaller than different subject marked clauses. This size asymmetry is predicted by non-reference-tracking accounts but not by traditional direct reference-tracking theories. Thus while the Amahuaca data provide evidence against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference, they suggest that direct reference-tracking accounts must also be modified in order to account for the full range of data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Comrie, Bernard, and David P. Rising. "Switch reference in Koasati discourse." Language 70, no. 2 (June 1994): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415871.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Treis, Yvonne. "Switch-reference and Omotic-Cushitic Language Contact in Southwest Ethiopia." Journal of Language Contact 5, no. 1 (2012): 80–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187740912x624469.

Full text

Abstract:

Africa has up until now been considered a continent where switch-reference systems are extremely rare. This study shows that there is a confined area in the South of Ethiopia where many Omotic languages and a few Cushitic languages have fully grammaticalised switch-reference systems on dependent (co-)subordinate non-final verbs, so-called converbs. The paper describes in detail the switch-reference system of Kambaata (Cushitic) and gives an overview of the distribution of switch-reference systems in Ethiopia in general. It is argued that switch-reference marking in Cushitic languages is the result of contact with neighbouring Omotic languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Assmann, Anke. "An interclausal agreement approach to switch-reference in Quechua." Linguistic Variation 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 103–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.12.2.01ass.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, I propose that switch-reference in Quechua can best be analyzed as agreeing tense. Given the properties of the Quechuan switch-reference system and the clause structure of Quechua, I assume that a switch-reference adverbial clause does not have a valued tense feature and must agree with its superordinate clause in tense. Tense agreement is only possible if the subjects of both clauses are identical. The same subject marker is analyzed as the realization of successful tense agreement, while the different subject marker is the realization of failed agreement. I argue that this approach to switch-reference is conceptually as well as empirically compelling and raises the interesting question as to whether switch-reference is a true morphosyntactic category or not. Keywords: switch-reference; Quechua; Agree; minimalist framework; non-local dependencies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lv, Ming, and Siyuan Hu. "Asymmetrical Switch Costs in Spatial Reference Frames Switching." Perception 49, no. 3 (March 2020): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620906087.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous studies found that the egocentric and allocentric reference frames are distinct in their functions, developmental trajectory, and neural basis. However, these two spatial reference frames exist in parallel, and people switch between them frequently in their daily lives. Using an allocentric and egocentric switching task, this study explored the cognitive processes involved in the switch between egocentric and allocentric reference frames and the possible asymmetry of switch costs. Sixty-two participants were tested in congruent (i.e., the target was on the same side in two reference frames) and incongruent conditions (i.e., the target was on a different side in two reference frames). The results indicated that the interaction between allocentric and egocentric reference frames was bidirectional and that the congruency effect was higher in the egocentric task than in the allocentric task. More important, the switch costs between allocentric and egocentric reference frames were found in both conditions, and the switch cost was higher for allocentric task. To our knowledge, this was the first study to focus on how switch costs and asymmetrical switch costs occur in allocentric and egocentric task switching.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Enright, Paul. "Switch Now to Modern Spirometry Reference Equations." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 13, no. 6 (June 2016): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201604-239ed.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mithun, Marianne. ""Switch-Reference": Clause Combining in Central Pomo." International Journal of American Linguistics 59, no. 2 (April 1993): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/466192.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Watkins, Laurel J. "The Discourse Functions of Kiowa Switch-Reference." International Journal of American Linguistics 59, no. 2 (April 1993): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/466193.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Nichols, Lynn. "Direct Quotation and Switch Reference in Zuni." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 16, no. 2 (June 20, 1990): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v16i2.1665.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

McKenzie, Andrew. "Subject domain restriction and reference-tracking." Semantics and Linguistic Theory, no. 20 (April 3, 2015): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v0i20.2575.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper addresses a question: How does reference-tracking work with non-referential items? Specifically, it explores switch-reference, which typically tracks subjects, in the endangered Kiowa language (of Oklahoma). In it, I propose that switch-reference does not track reference of subjects at all; instead, it tracks the domain restricting resource situation of the subject. This proposal explains a wide variety of switch-reference facts in Kiowa, and the paper brings to light new data that elucidates our understanding of this reference-tracking phenomenon, and perhaps others like it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

McKenzie, Andrew. "Subject domain restriction and reference-tracking." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 20 (August 14, 2010): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v20i0.2575.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper addresses a question: How does reference-tracking work with non-referential items? Specifically, it explores switch-reference, which typically tracks subjects, in the endangered Kiowa language (of Oklahoma). In it, I propose that switch-reference does not track reference of subjects at all; instead, it tracks the domain restricting resource situation of the subject. This proposal explains a wide variety of switch-reference facts in Kiowa, and the paper brings to light new data that elucidates our understanding of this reference-tracking phenomenon, and perhaps others like it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

McKenzie, Andrew. "A Survey of Switch-Reference in North America." International Journal of American Linguistics 81, no. 3 (July 2015): 409–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/681580.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wichmann, Søren. "The reference-tracking system of Tlapanec." Studies in Language 31, no. 4 (August 14, 2007): 801–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.4.04wic.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents data on the Azoyú Tlapanec reference tracking system. The system is analyzed according to a procedure where default rules for how the system works are formulated and deviations are interpreted as being licensed by different levels of grammar organization along the lines of the local-global parameter proposed by Comrie (1989). The system is compared to its closest common typological congeners, obviation and switch-reference. Although it bears more resemblances to obviation, the system is neither clearly one of switch-reference, nor, indeed, of obviation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Qin, Rui, Chunhua Yang, Hongwei Tao, Tao Peng, Chao Yang, and Zhiwen Chen. "A Power Loss Decrease Method Based on Finite Set Model Predictive Control for a Motor Emulator with Reduced Switch Count." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 4647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244647.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a power loss decrease method based on finite set model predictive control (FSMPC) with delay compensation for a motor emulator with reduced switch count. Specifically, the topology and mathematical model of the proposed motor emulator with reduced switch count are firstly built. Secondly, in light of given instructions, the normal or fault reference current of the motor emulator is set by a reference current setter. Then delay compensation is applied for the predictive current model to calculate the current residual generated by each switch control signal, and the current tracking performance under actions of two adjacent switch control signals is evaluated for each sector. Finally, a switch power loss objective function is defined, then the two adjacent switch control signals that generate the lowest switch power loss are selected for the next second instant, which minimizes the power loss of the motor emulator with ensuring satisfied current tracking performance. Simulation and experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Walker, Neil Alexander. "Southern Pomo Switch-Reference and Its Origins within Pomoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 95–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/717054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Westerlund, Torbjörn. "Switch-reference and Insubordination in Ngarla (Ngayarta, Pama-Nyungan)." Australian Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 174–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1566887.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Bárány, András, and Irina Nikolaeva. "Possessive and non-identity relations in Turkic switch-reference." Studies in Language 44, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 606–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19061.bar.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper provides an overview of non-canonical patterns of switch-reference involving the converb in -(V)p in selected Turkic languages. This converb is usually described as a same-subject converb, but we show that it can conform to McKenzie’s (2012) extended definition of “same-subject” as expressing the identity of topic situations, rather than subject referents. In addition to tracking cross-clausal subject identity, -(V)p can be used when the possessor of the subject of one clause corefers with the subject of another clause and when the events expressed by the two clauses are in a close temporal and/or causal relationship. Based on Stirling (1993) and Bárány & Nikolaeva (2019), we argue that the role of possessors in Turkic switch-reference is captured by lexically specified conditions licensing the use of -(V)p when two subjects are in a possessive relation. Finally, we suggest that both types of non-canonical switch-reference can be seen as ensuring discourse continuity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Jendraschek, Gerd. "Switch-reference constructions in Iatmul: Forms, functions, and development." Lingua 119, no. 9 (September 2009): 1316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.02.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

BEER, ZACK. "Switch-reference in the Ye shes rgyas pa'i mdo." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000731.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper seeks to contribute to understanding of the dynamics of reference relation and subordination in Tibetan grammar. As a way of shedding light on this complex topic, it examines a translated sūtra, the Ye shes rgyas pa'i mdo, which contains numerous stories relating interactions and conversations between a variety of characters. A close reading of several representative passages of this text reveals some of the systematic structures of subordination. Despite not being outlined as a principle in traditional Tibetan grammars, subordination is seen here to be clearly reinforced by, and at times entirely encoded in, the use of the converb –nas to express coreference, and in the verbal noun and converb structures –pa dang and -pa las to connote cross-reference. The paper thus aims to show how attention to the functioning of subordinating structures serves the reader in the interpretation of complex passages where such structures at times provide the only key to the attribution of agency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Camacho, José. "On case concord: the syntax of switch-reference clauses." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 28, no. 2 (May 2010): 239–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-010-9093-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hill, Nathan W. "Accusative alignment in the Old Tibetan switch reference system." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 45, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.22007.hil.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The use of ནས་ -nas to mark cross-clausal co-reference in Version I of the Old Tibetan Rāmāyaṇa reveals accusative alignment in Tibetan syntax, which in turn vindicates the notion of ‘subject’ applied to Tibetan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lucero, Audrey, Kevin Donley, and Bobbie Bermúdez. "The English referencing behaviors of first- and second-grade Spanish–English emergent bilinguals in oral narrative retells." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 1243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716421000278.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study investigated differences in the English referencing behaviors in the context of oral narrative retell between typically developing first- and second-grade Spanish–English emergent bilingual children in dual language immersion and English-only instructional contexts (N = 105). Children heard and retold Mercer Mayer wordless picture books, and analyses were conducted to examine how they used nominals and pronominals to maintain and switch reference to potential thematic protagonists in the story. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant grade-level differences in the proportion of pronominals used to switch and maintain reference to BOY/S (boy and dog or frog), as well as to switch to BOY. In contrast, instructional context differences were significant only for reference to the DOG or FROG. The finding that second graders in both dual language immersion and English-only programs continued to demonstrate an overreliance on pronominal forms to switch reference in a second language suggests that differences in literacy and oral language development may extend beyond the grades that we investigated. It is therefore important to continue investigating the referencing behaviors of emergent bilingual children throughout the elementary years of schooling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Sarvasy, Hannah. "Breaking the clause chains." Studies in Language 39, no. 3 (October 26, 2015): 664–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.3.05sar.

Full text

Abstract:

Clause chaining in Papuan languages is a keystone of the literature on switch-reference (Haiman & Munro 1983, Stirling 1993). Canonically, a clause chain is considered to comprise one or more ‘medial’ clauses, followed by a single ‘final’ clause. In Nungon and other Papuan languages, canonical clause chains coexist with non-canonical clause chains, which either feature medial clauses postposed after the final clause, or lack a final clause altogether. I examine the functions of non-canonical medial clauses in Nungon and other Papuan languages in a first attempt at a typology of these uses, given scanty data. Non-canonical medial clauses are argued to represent canny use of the features of clause chains and switch-reference systems to convey meaning efficiently. The exposition also solves an outstanding puzzle of the Amele switch-reference system (Roberts 1988, Stirling 1993).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Boyle, John P. "Switch-Reference in Hidatsa: The Evolution of a Grammatical System." International Journal of American Linguistics 77, no. 3 (July 2011): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660975.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bradshaw, Joel. "Null Subjects, Switch-Reference, and Serialization in Jabem and Numbami." Oceanic Linguistics 38, no. 2 (1999): 270–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.1999.0003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Roberts, John R. "Switch‐reference in Papuan languages: A syntactic or Extrasyntactic device?" Australian Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (June 1988): 75–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268608808599392.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Arun, V., B. Shanthi, and M. Arumugam. "Analysis of Binary DC Source Reduced Switch 7-level Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp70-76.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes a binary DC source reduced switch 7-level inverter. Binary DC source reduced switch inverter is triggered by the Unipolar PWM strategy having sinusoidal and trapezoidal reference with triangular carriers. These Pulse Width Modulating (PWM) strategies include Phase Disposition (PD), Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Carrier Overlapping (CO). Performance factors like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), VRMS (fundamental) and crest factor are evaluated for various modulation indices. Simulations were performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK. It is observed that UPDPWM strategy with trapezoidal reference provides output with relatively low distortion and UCOPWM strategy with trapezoidal reference provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

de Vries, Lourens. "From clause conjoining to clause chaining in Dumut languages of New Guinea." Studies in Language 34, no. 2 (August 13, 2010): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.2.04vri.

Full text

Abstract:

The Dumut languages Mandobo, South Wambon and North Wambon are a subgroup of the Awyu-Dumut family. They form a dialect chain that represents stages of the development from clause conjoining with independent verb forms to clause chaining with dependent verb forms that express switch-reference. South Wambon represents the first stage in which there is coordination reduction of tense and subject person-number suffixes in thematic continuity conditions. This process created three verb types: fully finite verbs; semi-finite verbs and non-finite verbs. Coordination reduction leaves the coordinating conjunctions intact and this explains the presence of coordinators with all verb types, including dependent verbs. Coordination reduction creates verb forms that signal subject continuity but it does not create subject discontinuity forms and there is no switch-reference in South Wambon. However, the introduction of dependent subject continuity forms gives South Wambon speakers a choice in subject continuity conditions between dependent forms and independent verb forms. Since speakers prefer dependent forms under these conditions, a frequency pattern emerges that associates independent forms with subject discontinuity conditions and that sets the stage for the development of medial verb forms and switch-reference. North Wambon and Mandobo represent the second stage in which subject discontinuity forms develop. North Wambon transforms conjoined semi-finite independent verbs into two types of special medial verb forms that express switch-reference. In Mandobo any medially occurring independent verb form is reinterpreted as a Different Subject form. The two-stage hypothesis revives the coordination reduction theory of Haiman (1983a) as an explanation for the origin of (certain) switch-reference systems by viewing coordination reduction as an explanation of SS forms only. In this way, the two-stage theory overcomes the problems of limited applicability that Roberts (1997: 190) noted for the original theory of Haiman (1983a).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Limerick, Philip P. "First-person singular and third-person subject pronoun variation: The case of Mexican Spanish in the U.S. state of Georgia." Lenguaje 49, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 104–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v49i1.10453.

Full text

Abstract:

The current study analyzes variable subject pronoun expression (SPE) for first-person singular (1sg) and third-person subjects in a variety of Mexican Spanish spoken by first-generation Mexican immigrants in the state of Georgia, Southeastern U.S. Conversational data from sociolinguistic interviews are employed to examine tokens of 1sg and third-person variable SPE and their usage patterns, considering factors such as tense-mood-aspect (TMA), switch reference, polarity, and verb class by means of logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that all four factors influence 1sg variation, but that third-person variation is restricted to switch reference and TMA. In addition, a significant link between switch reference and TMA is found for third-person subjects, but not for 1sg. The findings lend further support to previous scholars advocating the importance of studying individual grammatical persons in SPE research as this can reveal previously obfuscated nuances in the patterns of subject variation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yuan, Dong, Xiao Jun Ma, and Wei Wei. "Multimode Adaptive Control for Tank Gun Control System Based on Tracking Differentiator." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.79.

Full text

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems such as switch impulsion, insurmountability for influence caused by nonlinearity in one tank gun control system which adopts double PID controller to realize the multimode switch control between high speed and low speed movement, the system math model is built up; And then, Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) method based on nonroutine reference model is brought in and the adaptive gun controller is designed. Consequently, the compensation of nonlinearity and multimode control are implemented. Furthermore, the Tracking Differentiator (TD) is affiliated to the front of controller in order to restrain the impulsion caused by mode switch. Finally, the validity of control method in this paper is verified by simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

de Vries, Lourens. "Towards a typology of tail–head linkage in Papuan languages." Studies in Language 29, no. 2 (August 2, 2005): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.2.04vri.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article a typological overview of tail–head linkage (THL) in Papuan languages is presented. There are two types of THL, chained THL and thematized THL. The chained type is the default type and its morphosyntactic form follows from the basic clause linkage type in a given Papuan language, for example when switch reference constructions are the basic type of clause linkage, then the default type of THL takes the form of switch reference constructions. Chained THL carries referential coherence mechanisms (e.g. gender agreements, switch reference) and event sequencing mechanisms (e.g. sequence-simultaneity morphology) across chain boundaries. The second, marked, type of THL is with nominalized clauses that discontinue the event and participant lines. The head clause in this type of THL is a thematic NP that is syntactically separate from the chain and this reflects thematic discontinuity: the thematic head clause is off-sequence. In languages like Wambon and Usan the two types of THL select different verb types: medial verbs that express switch reference (same versus different subject) and/or sequence-simultaneity distinctions occur in the chained type and independent verbs that cannot express these distinctions occur in the second, thematic type. THL has four functions, referential coherence, processing ease, thematic continuity (chained type) and thematic discontinuity (thematized type). The phonological form of THL (slowly pronounced, rising intonation, pause phenomena) reflects its processing function to give speakers and addressees a break between two chains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Muehlbauer, Jeffrey. "The Relation of Switch-Reference, Animacy, and Obviation in Plains Cree." International Journal of American Linguistics 78, no. 2 (April 2012): 203–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664480.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Watanabe, Yasuko. "Clause-Chaining, Switch-Reference and Action/Event Continuity in Japanese Discourse." Studies in Language 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 127–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18.1.07wat.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigates the clause-chaining mechanism exhibited in Japanese. Clause-chaining is characterized by a string of clauses with non-finite (or partly non-finite) verb forms followed by a clause with a finite verb. The basic property of clause-chaining devices is to conjoin two or more clauses in a (more or less) chronological order. In this paper, the discourse function of the clause-chaining devices, te, to and zero-conjunction, is interpreted in terms of the notion of action/event continuity. First, general properties of the clause-chaining devices, including various degrees of clause integration, are discussed. Then, the notion of action/event continuity in discourse is introduced, and a hypothesis that the clause-chaining devices in Japanese are coding action/event continuity or discontinuity is advanced. The hypothesis will be tested by examining continuity of referent, aspect, time, and location. Firstly, this paper studies switch-reference properties of the clause-chaining devices along with their correlations with subject marking devices (wa, ga and zero anaphora). As a corollary of the hypothesis, I offer a functional explanation of a well-known phenomenon: that generally only the subject marking device ga appears in a subordinate clause. Later, the paper will investigate the significance of aspectual coding in clause-chaining. Finally, it will investigate how referential, aspectual, temporal, and locational continuity correlate with the overall discourse coherence of action/event continuity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Watanabe, Akira. "FEATURE COPYING AND BINDING: EVIDENCE FROM COMPEMENTIZER AGREEMENT AND SWITCH REFERENCE." Syntax 3, no. 3 (December 2000): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9612.00031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Shizgal, Peter. "The Janus faces of addiction." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043247.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHeyman proposes that external stimuli can promote a switch from a local to a global frame of reference for evaluating the consequences of behavior and that such a change might be critical to breaking the grip of drag addiction. Could incentive stimuli promote a switch in the opposite direction and thus contribute to relapse in the recovered addict?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Xi, Xiaotong, Biao Yang, Zhaozhao Gao, Liubiao Chen, Yuan Zhou, and Junjie Wang. "Helium gas-gap heat switch for Sub-Kelvin refrigeration system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The heat switch is an indispensable thermal control device in the low-temperature system. The helium gas-gap heat switch plays a key role in Sub-Kelvin sorption coolers and adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators, and its effective switching between thermal conducting (ON state) and insulating (OFF state) is achieved by changing the pressure of the gas in the gap. In this paper, a4He gas-gap heat switch was designed. And the thermal characteristics at different cold block temperatures were experimentally tested, which provides a reference for the development of high-efficiency gas-gap heat switches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Zuo, Xin, Jian-wei Liu, Xin Wang, and Hua-qing Liang. "Adaptive PID and Model Reference Adaptive Control Switch Controller for Nonlinear Hydraulic Actuator." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6970146.

Full text

Abstract:

Nonlinear systems are modeled as piecewise linear systems at multiple operating points, where the operating points are modeled as switches between constituent linearized systems. In this paper, adaptive piecewise linear switch controller is proposed for improving the response time and tracking performance of the hydraulic actuator control system, which is essentially piecewise linear. The controller composed of PID and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) adaptively chooses the proportion of these two components and makes the designed system have faster response time at the transient phase and better tracking performance, simultaneously. Then, their stability and tracking performance are analyzed and evaluated by the hydraulic actuator control system, the hydraulic actuator is controlled by the electrohydraulic system, and its model is built, which has piecewise linear characteristic. Then the controller results are compared between PID and MRAC and the switch controller designed in this paper is applied to the hydraulic actuator; it is obvious that adaptive switch controller has better effects both on response time and on tracking performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Xiong, Zai Bao, Wei Lu, Xiao Hui Long, and Xiao Chen. "Study on Switch Mode of Bus Coupler Protection in 330kV Substation of Zambia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.774.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to switch line protection to bus coupler protection when bus coupler circuit breaker is in place of by pass state for line bay efficially and reliable, according to experience of Chinese substation building. this paper presents 3 switch modes. At last, reference with the habits of Zambia , this paper presentsone better mode for Zambia substation through comparing the effectiveness and reliability of the 3 switchmodes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Liu, Min, Xinyang Wu, Yanxu Niu, Haotian Yang, Yingmin Zhu, and Weidong Wang. "Research Progress of MEMS Inertial Switches." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030359.

Full text

Abstract:

As a typical type of MEMS acceleration sensor, the inertial switch can alter its on-off state while the environmental accelerations satisfy threshold value. An exhaustive summary of the design concept, performance aspects, and fabrication methods of the micro electromechanical system (MEMS) inertial switch is provided. Different MEMS inertial switch studies were reviewed that emphasized acceleration directional and threshold sensitivity, contact characteristics, and their superiorities and disadvantages. Furthermore, the specific fabrication methods offer an applicability reference for the preparation process for the designed inertial switch, including non-silicon surface micromachining technology, standard silicon micromachining technology, and the special fabrication method for the liquid inertial switch. At the end, the main conclusions of the current challenges and prospects about MEMS inertial switches are drawn to assist with the development of research in the field of future engineering applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Hou, Wang, Tang, and Zhang. "Design of a RF Switch Used in Redundant Atomic Clock Configurations." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102331.

Full text

Abstract:

Atomic clocks provide frequency reference signals for communication, aerospace, satellite navigation and other systems. The redundant configuration of atomic clocks is necessary for ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. A radio frequency (RF) switch is usually used as a switching device in the switching system of the host atomic clock and the backup atomic clock. When the atomic clock fails, the switching between the host and the backup clock can be carried out quickly. Aiming at the fast switching requirements of atomic clock RF signals, this paper proposes a new series-shunt Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) switch design. In this paper, the evaluation of the RF switches is conducted by using the metrics of switching speed, insertion loss, isolation, return loss at on state and return loss at off state. Experimental result shows that the new PIN switch has better and more comprehensive performance metrics than the electromechanical switch, FET switch and conventional PIN switch. In particular, the switching speed is 53 ns faster than the conventional series-shunt PIN switch.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ward, Catherine, Mena Farag, Thomas A. Pollak, Ester Coutinho, and Sotiris Posporelis. "Suicidal and self‐injurious behavior following adalimumab reference‐to‐generic biosimilar switch." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 76, no. 2 (December 7, 2021): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13315.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pustet, Regina. "Switch-Reference or Coordination? A Quantitative Approach to Clause Linkage in Lakota." International Journal of American Linguistics 79, no. 2 (April 2013): 153–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669627.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Baker, Mark, and Livia Camargo Souza. "Agree without Agreement: Switch-reference and reflexive voice in two Panoan languages." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 38, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 1053–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-019-09463-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Elbarbary, Z. M. S. "Experimental Comparison between Four and Six Switch Inverters Fed FLC Based Speed Sensorless IM Drives at Very Low Speed." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp130-146.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>This paper introduces experimental comparison study between six and four switch inverter fed three phase induction motor drive system. The control strategy of the drive is based on speed sensoreless vector control using model reference adaptive system as a speed estimator. The adaptive mechanism of speed control loop depends on fuzzy logic control. Four switch inverter conFigureurations reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, the complexity of the control algorithms, interface circuits, the computation of real-time implementation, volume-compactness and reliability of the drive system. The robustness of the proposed model reference adaptive system based on four switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) fed induction motor drive is verified experimentally at different operating conditions. Experimental work is carried using digital signal processor (DSP1103) for a 1.1 kW motor. A performance comparison of the proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive with a conventional six switch three-phase inverter (SSTP) inverter system is also made in terms of speed response. The results show that the proposed drive system provides a fast speed response and good disturbance rejection capability. The proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive is found quite acceptable considering its performance, cost reduction and other advantages features.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

SANKOFF, DAVID. "A formal production-based explanation of the facts of code-switching." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, no. 1 (April 1998): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672899800011x.

Full text

Abstract:

We construct a production model of code-switched discourse, in order to explain empirical observations about switch point distribution, well-formedness of monolingual fragments, conservation of constituent structure and lack of constraint between successive switch points. The two monolingual grammars are modeled by congruent context-free phrase structure grammars. Each code-switched sentence makes alternate reference to two virtual monolingual sentences, one in each language, and, in the immediate vicinity of switch points, to their constituent structures. Imposing conservative conditions on when a constituent should be labeled as to language, and invoking a constraint against real-time “look-ahead” from one code-switch to the next, we prove that the existence of a consistent tree labeling, easily monitored by the speaker, implies a constraint on local equivalence of constituent order in the two languages around a switch point. This constitutes an explanation, without invoking a “code-switching grammar”, of the observed tendency for equivalence-point code-switching.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Shi, Qiang, Wei Wei Li, and Bing Ai. "Experimental Investigation on Breaking Characteristic of Load Switch in Medium High Voltage Ring Network Cabinet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.858.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on an experimental investigation of the arc plasma behavior in current breaking process of a certain type of 12kV ring network cabinet’s SF6 load switch. From the frames obtained by high-speed photography, the characteristic of the arc movement was revealed. According to analysis, the structure of load switch was optimized and its breaking capacity about transfer current was improved. This study may provide a reference for design and optimization of load switches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zsigmond, Andor-Attila, and András Kelemen. "Implementation of Grid Synchronization Methods on a Real Time Development System." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseme-2021-0005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper presents a study regarding the implementation of two representative grid synchronization methods, intended to be used in the control structure of a three phase switch mode voltage rectifier. The methods considered are the Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop (SRF PLL) and the Double Synchronous Frame Phase Locked Loop (DSRF PLL), respectively. These synchronization methods have been compared on a real time development system type dSpace 1104 from the point of view of their performance in case of an unbalanced mains voltage system. Finally, the influence of the chosen grid synchronization method on the performance of a synchronous reference frame controlled three-phase switch mode voltage rectifier is studied by simulation, and better results are demonstrated to be provided by the use of the DSRF PLL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Yu, Shi Qiu. "Analysis of SVPWM Driving Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.521.

Full text

Abstract:

The switch turn-on schedule is given according to principle of Voltage Space Vector PWM, SVPWM modulation function and its discrete function are introduced, the switch drive logic function is derived too. Based on DSP TMS320F2812, a five-phase SVPWM drive out is realized, and the single-end and double-end drive output signal are measured, the signal spectrums are analyzed, the results has important reference value to the designs of inverter power and system of variable frequency and speed control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Femenias, G. "Reference-based dual switch and stay diversity systems over correlated Nakagami fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 52, no. 4 (July 2003): 902–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2003.814217.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Switch-reference'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles