Academic literature on the topic 'Switch probability effects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Switch probability effects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Switch probability effects"
1
Gluzberg, Boris, Vadim Korolev, Alexey Loktev, Irina Shishkina, and Mikhail Berezovsky. "Switch operation safety." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913801017.
Full textAbstract:
The article studied the safety of passing the rolling stock by railway switches. On railway switches, counter rails provide the safe passage of the rolling stock by the wheelsets through the harmful space of the cross. The levels of dynamic effects arising from the passage of carriages by the railway switch significantly depend on the relative position of the wheelsets and elements of the switch, which is determined by the combination of their main geometric dimensions. To calculate the most unfavorable combinations of wheelset and gauge dimensions, taking into account the tolerances adopted for these dimensions, the method of probability compositions is used, based on the application of the theory of probability. The calculating apparatus of the approach using conditional probabilities of events based on the formulas of total probability and Bayes formula. The level of impact of the wheels on the counter-rail is regulated by rationing the values of the “impact effect” on the bent and catching parts of the counter-rail.
2
Zhan, Zhuozhao, Geertruida H. de Bock, and Edwin R. van den Heuvel. "Statistical methods for unidirectional switch designs: Past, present, and future." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 9 (January 26, 2017): 2872–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216689280.
Full textAbstract:
Clinical trials may apply or use a sequential introduction of a new treatment to determine its efficacy or effectiveness with respect to a control treatment. The reasons for choosing a particular switch design have different origins. For instance, they may be implemented for ethical or logistic reasons or for studying disease-modifying effects. Large-scale pragmatic trials with complex interventions often use stepped wedge designs (SWDs), where all participants start at the control group, and during the trial, the control treatment is switched to the new intervention at different moments. They typically use cross-sectional data and cluster randomization. On the other hand, new drugs for inhibition of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease typically use delayed start designs (DSDs). Here, participants start in a parallel group design and at a certain moment in the trial, (part of) the control group switches to the new treatment. The studies are longitudinal in nature, and individuals are being randomized. Statistical methods for these unidirectional switch designs (USD) are quite complex and incomparable, and they have been developed by various authors under different terminologies, model specifications, and assumptions. This imposes unnecessary barriers for researchers to compare results or choose the most appropriate method for their own needs. This paper provides an overview of past and current statistical developments for the USDs (SWD and DSD). All designs are formulated in a unified framework of treatment patterns to make comparisons between switch designs easier. The focus is primarily on statistical models, methods of estimation, sample size calculation, and optimal designs for estimation of the treatment effect. Other relevant open issues are being discussed as well to provide suggestions for future research in USDs.
3
Wu, Songtao, Jianmin He, and Shouwei Li. "Effects of fundamentals acquisition and strategy switch on stock price dynamics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 491 (February 2018): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.09.072.
Full text
4
Cheng, Weijun, Xiaoting Wang, Tengfei Ma, and Gang Wang. "On the Performance Analysis of Switched Diversity Combining Receivers over Fisher–Snedecor ℱ Composite Fading Channels." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093014.
Full textAbstract:
In some emerging wireless applications, such as wearable communication and low-power sensor network applications, wireless devices or nodes not only require simple physical implementation approaches but also require certain reliable receiver techniques to overcome the effects of multipath or shadowed fading. Switched diversity combining (SDC) systems could be a simple and promising solution to the above requirements. Recently, a Fisher–Snedecor F composited fading model has gained much interest because of its modeling accuracy and calculation tractability. However, the performance of SDC systems over F fading channels has not yet been analyzed in the open literature. To this end, this paper presents a systematic analysis of SDC systems over F fading channels, including dual-branch switch-and-stay combining (SSC), multibranch switch-and examine combining (SEC), and SEC with post-examining selection (SECps) systems. We first investigate the statistical characteristics of univariate and bivariate F distributions. Then, these statistical expressions are introduced into the above SDC systems and the statistical metrics of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for these systems are deduced in different F fading scenarios. Thirdly, certain exact and novel expressions of performance criteria, such as the outage probability, the average bit error probability and average symbol error probability, as well as the average channel capacity for SSC, SEC, and SECps are derived. To find the optimum performance, optimal analysis is performed for the independent and identically distributed cases. Finally, numerical evaluation and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis under various F fading scenarios. According to the obtained results, the multipath fading parameter has more influence on the performance of SDC systems than the shadowing parameter, the correlation coefficient, or the average SNR. Importantly, the SDC systems can provide switched diversity gains only when the switching threshold is not too large or too small compared to the average SNR.
5
Pronzato, P., M. E. Cazzaniga, G. Mustacchi, A. De Matteis, F. Di Costanzo, C. Verusio, N. Marzano, E. Rulli, and I. Floriani. "Factors influencing the switch from Tamoxifen (TAM) to Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) as adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer (EBC) patients (pts). Results from the NORA study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 10633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10633.
Full textAbstract:
10633 Background: Results from recent trials indicate that AIs as adjuvant treatment, either as up-front therapy or sequencing after TAM, can improve the clinical outcome of EBC pts. It is therefore important to assess the prevalence of the AI use in adjuvant setting and the reasons associated to the choice of this treatment. PATIENTS AND Methods: The NORA trial is an observational study, aimed at investigating adjuvant treatment modalities, that consecutively enrolled 3515 EBC pts, according to the following criteria: 10 pts each year starting from 2000 (retrospective cohort) and 20 pts starting from the beginning of 2003 or the date of ethical approval, if subsequent (prospective cohort). Using data from NORA, we focused on the subgroup of pts who switched from TAM to AIs in order to determine which factors are more likely to be associated with the probability of switching. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox’s regression model. Results: Out of 2075 pts who started TAM, 329 (15.9%) switched to AIs. They had a median age of 63.1 yrs, 147 (45.9%) were N+, 190 (57.8%) received chemotherapy, 179 (54.6%) were T1, 248 (77.5%) were ER+/PgR+. Switch from TAM to AIs was influenced by N+ status, previous chemotherapy and age, whereas no effect was observed for T size or HR status. Previous chemotherapy increases the probability of switching by 27% (95% CI -4% to +70%, p = 0.10), each age decade increase by 35% (95% CI +21% to +52%, p < 0.0001), N+ status by 16% (95% CI +1% to 34%, p = 0.03). Conclusion: As expected, high risk N+ pts have higher probabilities to be switched in comparison to other groups, probably due to the encouraging results of AIs trials. In previously treated or older age pts, TAM side effects could have determined the switch. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
6
Latimer, NR, IR White, K. Tilling, and U. Siebert. "Improved two-stage estimation to adjust for treatment switching in randomised trials: g-estimation to address time-dependent confounding." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 10 (March 30, 2020): 2900–2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220912524.
Full textAbstract:
In oncology trials, control group patients often switch onto the experimental treatment during follow-up, usually after disease progression. In this case, an intention-to-treat analysis will not address the policy question of interest – that of whether the new treatment represents an effective and cost-effective use of health care resources, compared to the standard treatment. Rank preserving structural failure time models (RPSFTM), inverse probability of censoring weights (IPCW) and two-stage estimation (TSE) have often been used to adjust for switching to inform treatment reimbursement policy decisions. TSE has been applied using a simple approach (TSEsimp), assuming no time-dependent confounding between the time of disease progression and the time of switch. This is problematic if there is a delay between progression and switch. In this paper we introduce TSEgest, which uses structural nested models and g-estimation to account for time-dependent confounding, and compare it to TSEsimp, RPSFTM and IPCW. We simulated scenarios where control group patients could switch onto the experimental treatment with and without time-dependent confounding being present. We varied switching proportions, treatment effects and censoring proportions. We assessed adjustment methods according to their estimation of control group restricted mean survival times that would have been observed in the absence of switching. All methods performed well in scenarios with no time-dependent confounding. TSEgest and RPSFTM continued to perform well in scenarios with time-dependent confounding, but TSEsimp resulted in substantial bias. IPCW also performed well in scenarios with time-dependent confounding, except when inverse probability weights were high in relation to the size of the group being subjected to weighting, which occurred when there was a combination of modest sample size and high switching proportions. TSEgest represents a useful addition to the collection of methods that may be used to adjust for treatment switching in trials in order to address policy-relevant questions.
7
WANG, CAN-JUN. "DELAYS INDUCE DIFFERENT SWITCH IN A STOCHASTIC SINGLE GENETIC REGULATION SYSTEM WITH A POSITIVE AUTOREGULATORY FEEDBACK LOOP." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 11 (April 25, 2013): 1350085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213500859.
Full textAbstract:
The steady properties of a stochastic single genetic regulation system with the different time delays, which appear in the deterministic and fluctuating forces, are investigated based on the small delay time approximation method. Using the approximation probability density approach, the delayed Fokker–Planck equation is obtained. The effects of two different time delays on the stationary probability distribution and the mean value are discussed. It is found that with the time delay τ1 in the deterministic force increasing, the TF-A monomer concentration shifts from "off" state to "on" state. However, with the time delay τ2 in the fluctuating force increasing, the TF-A monomer concentration shifts from "on" state to "off" state. In the switch process, two kinds of time delays play an opposite role. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with numerical results.
8
Huang, Tao, Qian Gu, Zhangyan Deng, Chilun Tsai, Yue Xue, Jimeng Zhang, Liye Zou, Zuosong Chen, and Kun Wang. "Executive Function Performance in Young Adults When Cycling at an Active Workstation: An fNIRS Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071119.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of self-paced cycling at an active workstation on executive functions and cortical activity. Methods: In a crossover study design, 37 young adults (45.9% females) were randomly assigned to the following two task conditions: (1) performing cognitive tests during sitting, (2) performing cognitive tests while cycling at an active workstation. Executive functions were assessed by the Stroop color and word test and the task-switching paradigm. Cortical activity was monitored using a multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Results: The behavioral results showed that there were no significant differences on the Stroop interference effects (P = 0.66) between the sitting and the cycling conditions. In all probability, no differences on the global switch costs (P = 0.90) and local switch costs (P = 0.67) were observed between the sitting and the cycling conditions. For the fNIRS results, the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in response to the Stroop interference in channels 5, 10, and 12 were decreased during the cycling condition (all Ps < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Conversely, the oxy-Hb associated with the global switch costs in channels 3, 29, and 31 were increased during the cycling condition (all Ps < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Conclusions: The findings indicated that behavioral performances on executive functions were not affected by cycling at an active workstation, while cognitive resources were reallocated during cycling at an active workstation.
9
Jenkins, Jade Marcus, Terri J. Sabol, and George Farkas. "Double Down or Switch It Up: Should Low-Income Children Stay in Head Start for 2 Years or Switch Programs?" Evaluation Review 42, no. 3 (June 2018): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x18786591.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Recent growth in subsidized preschool opportunities in the United States for low-income 4-year-old children has allowed federal Head Start programs to fund more slots for 3-year-old children. In turn, when Age-3 Head Start participants turn four, they may choose to switch into one of the many alternative care options or choose to stay in Head Start for a second year. Objectives: We analyze a nationally representative sample of Age-3 Head Start participants to examine whether children who stay in Head Start for a second year at Age 4 exhibit greater school readiness and subsequent cognitive and behavioral performance compared with children who switch out of Head Start into alternative care. We also examine differences between children who stay at the same Head Start center at Age 4 with those who switch to a different Head Start center. Research Design: Child fixed effects analyses coupled with inverse probability of treatment weights to remove observable, time-invariant differences between Head Start stayers and switchers. Subjects: Cohort of Age-3 Head Start attendees from the Head Start Impact Study. Measures: Child cognitive and behavioral skills assessed by trained administrators annually at ages 3–7. Results: Age-3 Head Start participants’ outcomes do not differ at the end of preschool, kindergarten, or first grade based on their choice of Age-4 program. Staying at the same Head Start center for 2 years may be beneficial for behavioral skills. Conclusions: For low-income families, there exist many equally beneficial options to support their children’s school readiness through public preschool programs.
10
Petkovic, Milica, and Goran Djordjevic. "Performance analysis of coherent FSO system with SSC receiver." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 13, no. 3 (2016): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1603395p.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the performance of coherent free-space optical (FSO) system employing the switch-and-stay (SSC) dual diversity receiver. The intensity fluctuations of the optical signal are modeled by Gamma-Gamma distribution, being caused by atmospheric turbulence. In addition, pointing errors are taken into account. Novel analytical expressions for the outage probability are derived. The general scenario of unbalanced average signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of independent and identically distributed SSC branches is considered, which is further simplified to the balanced SNR case. The effects of various system and channel parameters are investigated and discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Switch probability effects"
1
Chabi, Mohamed. "The effect of repeated calls on the end to end blocking probability for circuit-switched traffic in nonhierarchical networks." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17882.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Switch probability effects"
1
Mathur, Sanjay, Lin Sun, Shankhadeep Das, Dimitrios Peroulis, Andrew Kovacs, Juan Zeng, and Jayathi Y. Murthy. "Uncertainty Quantification of Pull-In Phenomenon in Capacitive RF-MEMS." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47260.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this paper is to elucidate the effects of device geometry and fabrication process variations on the statistical pull-in performance of an electrostatically-actuated capacitive radio frequency micro electro-mechanical system (RF-MEMS) switch through the use of uncertainty quantification. The prediction of switch dynamics and pull-in voltage involves the coupled interaction of elastodynamics, fluid dynamics, and electrostatics. A comprehensive computational framework based on the finite volume method (FVM) is developed to account for these effects. The immersed boundary method (IBM) is employed to couple the fluid, structure and electrostatics. A population of switches is fabricated, and geometry and material properties measured; these measurements provide the probabilistic input information needed for uncertainty quantification. Deterministic simulations are first made for a specific device, and the gap-versus-voltage and pull-in voltage predicted compare favorably with measurements and theoretical estimation. Uncertainty quantification of dynamic pull-in is performed next, using the stochastic collocation method for uncertainty propagation. Probability density functions (PDFs) of pull-in voltage and gap-versus-time are computed. The primary determinants of uncertainty in pull-in voltage are found to be the membrane thickness and gap size, with uncertainty in residual stress having a relatively small effect.
2
Nguyen, Dong T., and Ser Tong Quek. "Reliability of Switched Model-Based Controller for Vessel Dynamic Positioning With Switching Under Estimated Motion Frequency." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29430.
Full textAbstract:
In switched-control methodology which integrates several controllers handling different environmental conditions for dynamic positioning (DP) systems in marine vessels, the supervisor uses the estimated wave peak frequency (WPF) to classify the existing environmental condition so as to switch to the appropriate controller. The WPF is assumed to be same as the peak frequency of the vessel’s response spectrum at wave frequency estimated by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the measured position and heading. Using a short window width leads to error in the WPF estimates whereas a longer width causes significant time lag in control activation. This paper addresses the effect of uncertainty in the estimation of WPF by FFT on the reliability of the switched-controller based DP vessel. The probability of the supervisor switching to a wrong controller due to WPF estimation error is first evaluated for four different sea states. The failure probabilities of the system with and without WPF uncertainty are then evaluated and compared. Numerical simulation based on a supply vessel shows that the failure probability of the switched-controller DP system due to the uncertainty in the estimated WPF by FFT did not increase much compared to the failure probability of a perfect switched-controller DP system.