Journal articles on the topic 'SWIR imaging'
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1
Carr, Jessica A., Daniel Franke, Justin R. Caram, Collin F. Perkinson, Mari Saif, Vasileios Askoxylakis, Meenal Datta, et al. "Shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging with the clinically approved near-infrared dye indocyanine green." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 17 (April 6, 2018): 4465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718917115.
Abstract:
Fluorescence imaging is a method of real-time molecular tracking in vivo that has enabled many clinical technologies. Imaging in the shortwave IR (SWIR; 1,000–2,000 nm) promises higher contrast, sensitivity, and penetration depths compared with conventional visible and near-IR (NIR) fluorescence imaging. However, adoption of SWIR imaging in clinical settings has been limited, partially due to the absence of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved fluorophores with peak emission in the SWIR. Here, we show that commercially available NIR dyes, including the FDA-approved contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG), exhibit optical properties suitable for in vivo SWIR fluorescence imaging. Even though their emission spectra peak in the NIR, these dyes outperform commercial SWIR fluorophores and can be imaged in the SWIR, even beyond 1,500 nm. We show real-time fluorescence imaging using ICG at clinically relevant doses, including intravital microscopy, noninvasive imaging in blood and lymph vessels, and imaging of hepatobiliary clearance, and show increased contrast compared with NIR fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, we show tumor-targeted SWIR imaging with IRDye 800CW-labeled trastuzumab, an NIR dye being tested in multiple clinical trials. Our findings suggest that high-contrast SWIR fluorescence imaging can be implemented alongside existing imaging modalities by switching the detection of conventional NIR fluorescence systems from silicon-based NIR cameras to emerging indium gallium arsenide-based SWIR cameras. Using ICG in particular opens the possibility of translating SWIR fluorescence imaging to human clinical applications. Indeed, our findings suggest that emerging SWIR-fluorescent in vivo contrast agents should be benchmarked against the SWIR emission of ICG in blood.
2
Naczynski, Dominik Jan, Jason H. Stafford, Silvan Türkcan, Cesare Jenkins, Ai Leen Koh, Conroy Sun, and Lei Xing. "Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles for Short-Wave Infrared Fluorescence Bioimaging and Molecular Targeting of αVβ3-Expressing Tumors." Molecular Imaging 17 (January 1, 2018): 153601211879913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012118799131.
Abstract:
The use of short-wave infrared (SWIR) light for fluorescence bioimaging offers the advantage of reduced photon scattering and improved tissue penetration compared to traditional shorter wavelength imaging approaches. While several nanomaterials have been shown capable of generating SWIR emissions, rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (REs) have emerged as an exceptionally bright and biocompatible class of SWIR emitters. Here, we demonstrate SWIR imaging of REs for several applications, including lymphatic mapping, real-time monitoring of probe biodistribution, and molecular targeting of the αvβ3 integrin in a tumor model. We further quantified the resolution and depth penetration limits of SWIR light emitted by REs in a customized imaging unit engineered for SWIR imaging of live small animals. Our results indicate that SWIR light has broad utility for preclinical biomedical imaging and demonstrates the potential for molecular imaging using targeted REs.
3
Zhu, Yihua, and Daniel Fried. "Measurement of the Depth of Lesions on Proximal Surfaces with SWIR Multispectral Transillumination and Reflectance Imaging." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030597.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dual short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) transillumination and reflectance multispectral imaging devices for imaging interproximal lesions with radiography using extracted teeth that had been imaged with micro-computed tomography (microCT). Thirty-six extracted teeth with 67 lesions on the proximal surfaces were imaged using a newly fabricated SWIR multispectral proximal transillumination and reflectance imaging device along with an existing SWIR multispectral occlusal transillumination and reflectance device. The ability of SWIR imaging and radiography to detect lesions and accurately assess lesion dimensions were compared using microCT as a standard. Occlusal and proximal transillumination and occlusal reflectance performed best for imaging interproximal lesions while proximal reflectance was not useful for imaging interproximal lesions from tooth buccal and lingual surfaces. There was high correlation of the lesion dimensions measured in occlusal and proximal transillumination images compared to microCT and moderate correlation in occlusal reflectance images. The correlation between the lesion depth measured in radiographs and the lesion depth measured with microCT was not significant. This study demonstrates that SWIR occlusal and proximal transillumination and SWIR occlusal reflectance images are useful for imaging interproximal lesions and they provide more accurate measurements of lesion severity.
4
Thimsen, Elijah, Bryce Sadtler, and Mikhail Y. Berezin. "Shortwave-infrared (SWIR) emitters for biological imaging: a review of challenges and opportunities." Nanophotonics 6, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0039.
Abstract:
AbstractShortwave infrared radiation (SWIR) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from approximately 900 nm to 2500 nm. Recent advances in imaging systems have expanded the application of SWIR emitters from traditional fields in materials science to biomedical imaging, and the new detectors in SWIR opened an opportunity of deep tissue imaging. Achieving deep photon penetration while maintaining high resolution is one of the main objectives and challenges in bioimaging used for the investigation of diverse processes in living organisms. The application of SWIR emitters in biological settings is, however, hampered by low quantum efficiency. So far, photoluminescent properties in the SWIR region have not been improved by extending concepts that have been developed for the visible (400–650 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 700–900 nm) wavelengths, which indicates that the governing behavior is fundamentally different in the SWIR. The focus of this minireview is to examine the mechanisms behind the low efficiency of SWIR emitters as well as to highlight the progress in their design for biological applications. Several common mechanisms will be considered in this review: (a) the effect of the energy gap between the excited and ground state on the quantum efficiency, (b) the coupling of the excited electronic states in SWIR emitters to vibrational states in the surrounding matrix, and (c) the role of environment in quenching the excited states. General strategies to improve the quantum yields for a diverse type of SWIR emitters will be also presented.
5
Zhu, Banghe, and Henry Jonathan. "A Review of Image Sensors Used in Near-Infrared and Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Imaging." Sensors 24, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113539.
Abstract:
To translate near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging into the clinic, the paired imaging device needs to detect trace doses of fluorescent imaging agents. Except for the filtration scheme and excitation light source, the image sensor used will finally determine the detection limitations of NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems. In this review, we investigate the current state-of-the-art image sensors used in NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems and discuss the advantages and limitations of their characteristics, such as readout architecture and noise factors. Finally, the imaging performance of these image sensors is evaluated and compared.
6
Zhu, Yihua, Chung Ng, Oanh Le, Yi-Ching Ho, and Daniel Fried. "Diagnostic Performance of Multispectral SWIR Transillumination and Reflectance Imaging for Caries Detection." Diagnostics 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172824.
Abstract:
The aim of this clinical study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dual short wavelength infrared (SWIR) occlusal transillumination and reflectance multispectral imaging with conventional visual assessment and radiography for caries detection on premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontics reasons. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and micro-computed tomography (microCT) performed after tooth extraction were used as gold standards. The custom-fabricated imaging probe was 3D-printed and the imaging system employed a SWIR camera and fiber-optic light sources emitting light at 1300 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1600 nm for reflectance measurements. Teeth (n = 135) on 40 test subjects were imaged in vivo using the SWIR imaging prototype in the study and teeth were extracted after imaging. Our study demonstrates for the first time that near-simultaneous real-time transillumination and reflectance video can be successfully acquired for caries detection. Both SWIR imaging modalities had markedly higher sensitivity for lesions on proximal and occlusal surfaces compared to conventional methods (visual and radiographic). Reflectance imaging at 1600 nm had higher sensitivity and specificity than transillumination at 1300 nm. The combined SWIR methods yielded higher specificity but the combined sensitivity was lower than for each individual method.
7
Pavlović, Miloš S., Petar D. Milanović, Miloš S. Stanković, Dragana B. Perić, Ilija V. Popadić, and Miroslav V. Perić. "Deep Learning Based SWIR Object Detection in Long-Range Surveillance Systems: An Automated Cross-Spectral Approach." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072562.
Abstract:
SWIR imaging bears considerable advantages over visible-light (color) and thermal images in certain challenging propagation conditions. Thus, the SWIR imaging channel is frequently used in multi-spectral imaging systems (MSIS) for long-range surveillance in combination with color and thermal imaging to improve the probability of correct operation in various day, night and climate conditions. Integration of deep-learning (DL)-based real-time object detection in MSIS enables an increase in efficient utilization for complex long-range surveillance solutions such as border or critical assets control. Unfortunately, a lack of datasets for DL-based object detection models training for the SWIR channel limits their performance. To overcome this, by using the MSIS setting we propose a new cross-spectral automatic data annotation methodology for SWIR channel training dataset creation, in which the visible-light channel provides a source for detecting object types and bounding boxes which are then transformed to the SWIR channel. A mathematical image transformation that overcomes differences between the SWIR and color channel and their image distortion effects for various magnifications are explained in detail. With the proposed cross-spectral methodology, the goal of the paper is to improve object detection in SWIR images captured in challenging outdoor scenes. Experimental tests for two object types (cars and persons) using a state-of-the-art YOLOX model demonstrate that retraining with the proposed automatic cross-spectrally created SWIR image dataset significantly improves average detection precision. We achieved excellent improvements in detection performance in various variants of the YOLOX model (nano, tiny and x).
8
Xu, Heng, Jun Chen, Zhujun Feng, Kan Fu, Yusen Qiao, Zheng Zhang, Wenjin Wang, et al. "Shortwave infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging of nerves for minimizing the risk of intraoperative nerve injury." Nanoscale 11, no. 42 (2019): 19736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr06066a.
Abstract:
A novel nerve specific imaging agent based on SWIR QD-based in vivo imaging can markedly minimize the risk of iatrogenic nerve injuries during surgeries by providing real-time and long-time SWIR images of peripheral nerves in specific.
9
Lee, Jae Woong. "Trends in SWIR Imaging and Applications." Ceramist 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2018.21.2.06.
10
Salimi, Mohammadhossein, Majid Roshanfar, Nima Tabatabaei, and Bobak Mosadegh. "Machine Learning-Assisted Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) Techniques for Biomedical Applications: Towards Personalized Medicine." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010033.
Abstract:
Personalized medicine transforms healthcare by adapting interventions to individuals’ unique genetic, molecular, and clinical profiles. To maximize diagnostic and/or therapeutic efficacy, personalized medicine requires advanced imaging devices and sensors for accurate assessment and monitoring of individual patient conditions or responses to therapeutics. In the field of biomedical optics, short-wave infrared (SWIR) techniques offer an array of capabilities that hold promise to significantly enhance diagnostics, imaging, and therapeutic interventions. SWIR techniques provide in vivo information, which was previously inaccessible, by making use of its capacity to penetrate biological tissues with reduced attenuation and enable researchers and clinicians to delve deeper into anatomical structures, physiological processes, and molecular interactions. Combining SWIR techniques with machine learning (ML), which is a powerful tool for analyzing information, holds the potential to provide unprecedented accuracy for disease detection, precision in treatment guidance, and correlations of complex biological features, opening the way for the data-driven personalized medicine field. Despite numerous biomedical demonstrations that utilize cutting-edge SWIR techniques, the clinical potential of this approach has remained significantly underexplored. This paper demonstrates how the synergy between SWIR imaging and ML is reshaping biomedical research and clinical applications. As the paper showcases the growing significance of SWIR imaging techniques that are empowered by ML, it calls for continued collaboration between researchers, engineers, and clinicians to boost the translation of this technology into clinics, ultimately bridging the gap between cutting-edge technology and its potential for personalized medicine.
11
Nunez, Johanna H., Caroline Park, Audra Clark, Chiaka Akarichi, Brett Arnoldo, Samuel P. Mandell, Deborah L. Carlson, et al. "533 Human Case Characterizations of Skin Burn Using Novel Multi-Spectral Short Wave Infrared Imaging." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S101—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.162.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Determining the depth of skin burns in patients is critical for surgical decision making, but currently lacks accuracy in clinical practice. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) light penetrates tissue more than visual or near-infrared light and is very sensitive to water content. We have shown in animal models that imaging of skin burns in the SWIR range distinguishes between superficial and deep tissue necrosis. Here we present the first 2 cases of multi-spectral SWIR imaging of human burn injury as a first step toward a non-invasive, label-free, technique for burn depth determination. Methods Two subjects admitted for mixed depth, thermal, 6% and 7% total body surface area (TBSA), burns were studied. Prior to burn excision, a novel system, based on a specialized camera, imaged the burn areas and normal skin at 4 different SWIR bands. Standard photographs from imaged areas were collected and presented for 5 independent, blinded, surgeons’ assessments. In SWIR images, 3-5 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in burned and adjacent normal skin and the reflected light intensity in each ROI was averaged. Results Visual and SWIR images were collected for 9 burn areas in the hands, arms, and shoulder of 2 patients (Panel A). Fifty ROIs from the burn areas were assessed by the surgeons and 30 (60%) ROIs were agreed as being superficial or superficial partial thickness (n=5), deep partial thickness (n=11), or full thickness (n=14) burns by a majority (60% or above consensus together with a possible disagreement only between deep partial and full thickness burn). In Panel B the cumulative SWIR reflectance intensity at the 4 SWIR bands for the 3 burn groups, determined by expert surgeon evaluation, and normal skin are compared. The reflectance from superficial and superficial partial thickness burns (yellow) were 102.7±1.2%, 102.3±0.7% and 103.4±1.4% of the normal skin reflectance for 1200, 1650 and 1940 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the reflectance from deep partial thickness burns (grey) were 96.7±0.1% and 94.7±0.1%, and for full thickness burn (red) were 96.1±1.4% and 93.7±1.6% of normal skin reflectance for 1650 and 1940 nm, respectively. Conclusions We present the first human SWIR study demonstrating a distinct reflectance intensity of SWIR wavelengths for different burn depths based on surgeon assessments. The results motivate further studies of SWIR imaging of burns in the hope to non-invasively and accurately identify operative versus non-operative burns.
12
Nunez, Johanna, Benjamin Levi, Jonathan Hong, Deborah Carlson, Ryan Huebinger, Rodney Chan, Bingchun Wan, et al. "72 Multi-Spectral SWIR Imaging in Humans Reveals Correlations with Distinct Skin Burn Depths." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.046.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Burn depth determination is a critical aspect of burn patient care but currently lacks accuracy in clinical practice. We have shown first in animal models and then in a two-patient characterization that Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) imaging, which penetrates tissue better than visual or near-infrared light and is very sensitive to water content, can distinguish between superficial and deep tissue necrosis. Here we present the findings from our pilot study of 10 patients showing the use of multi-spectral SWIR imaging of human burn injury as a potential technique for burn depth determination. Methods Ten patients admitted for mixed depth thermal injuries between 5-40% TBSA were analyzed using our SWIR assessment tool. Prior to burn excision the SWIR system was used to image burn areas and normal skin at 4 different SWIR wavelengths (Figure 1A). Standard photographs from imaged areas were collected and presented for 5 independent, blinded, surgeons’ assessments. Using the visual and SWIR images, 5-15 regions of interest (ROI) were selected from each of the burned areas and normalized to adjacent normal skin and the reflected light intensity in each ROI was averaged at each wavelength. Statistics were done using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Visual and SWIR images were collected from burn areas in 10 patients for a total of 273 burn ROIs. The ROIs were assessed by the surgeons with ROIs being agreed upon as being superficial or superficial partial thickness (SPT) (n=47), deep partial thickness (DPT) (n=97), or full thickness (FT) (n=129) burns by a majority (60% or above) consensus. As seen in Figure 1B, the reflectance intensities (RIs) from superficial and SPT burns were significantly different than the DPT burns at the 1940 nm wavelength (p=0.05) and significantly different than FT burns at 1200 nm (p=0.008) and 1940 nm (p=0.009). When DPT and FT burns were compared there was a significant difference a 1200 nm (p=0.003) and 2250 nm (p=0.01). Conclusions Here we present a 10 patient SWIR pilot study demonstrating distinct ROIs of SWIR wavelengths for different burn depths based on consensus surgeon assessments. Overall, as burn depth increases, the 1200 and 2250 nm wavelengths show increasing RIs and 1940 nm show decreasing RIs. These results motivate further studies of SWIR imaging including pending histological analysis in the hope to non-invasively and accurately identify operative versus non-operative burns. Applicability of Research to Practice This new SWIR technology may enable us to more objectively assess burn depth, leading to improved surgical decision making and better patient outcomes.
13
Zhao, Huijie, Zefu Xu, Hongzhi Jiang, and Guorui Jia. "SWIR AOTF Imaging Spectrometer Based on Single-pixel Imaging." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020390.
Abstract:
An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is a new type of mono-wavelength generator, and an AOTF imaging spectrometer can obtain spectral images of interest. However, due to the limitation of AOTF aperture and acceptance angle, the light passing through the AOTF imaging spectrometer is weak, especially in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region. In weak light conditions, the noise of a non-deep cooling mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector is high compared to the camera response. Thus, effective spectral images cannot be obtained. In this study, the single-pixel imaging (SPI) technique was applied to the AOTF imaging spectrometer, which can obtain spectral images due to the short-focus lens that collects light into a small area. In our experiment, we proved that the irradiance of a short-focus system is much higher than that of a long-focus system in relation to the AOTF imaging spectrometer. Then, an SPI experimental setup was built to obtain spectral images in which traditional systems cannot obtain. This work provides an efficient way to detect spectral images from 1000 to 2200 nm.
14
Li, Dongyu, Dan Wang, Xinyuan Zhao, Wang Xi, Abudureheman Zebibula, Nuernisha Alifu, Jian-Feng Chen, and Jun Qian. "Short-wave infrared emitted/excited fluorescence from carbon dots and preliminary applications in bioimaging." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2, no. 7 (2018): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00151k.
Abstract:
The fluorescence characteristics of carbon dots based on the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral range were investigated. SWIR emissions from the fluorescent carbon dots were used for in vivo imaging.
15
Blais-Ouellette, Sebastien, David Rioux, Daniel A. Heller, Daniel Roxbury, Frédéric Leblond, and Alireza Akbarzadeh. "(Invited) Advances in Swir In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Instrumentation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 8 (July 7, 2022): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-018676mtgabs.
Abstract:
The development of SWIR, or NIR II, imaging capabilities have significantly accelerated in the past few years. Initially most often developed out of necessity to observe specific phenomena or biosensors, NIR II instrumentation has evolved as a proper research field. Here we will focus on the latest advances in imaging and spectroscopic modalities, including novel depth sectioning methods, multimodal imaging, and agile spectroscopic measurements. Translational aspects of SWIR imaging and sensing will be discussed as well, focusing on intraoperative imaging and deployable sensors for biosensing applications.
16
Ma, Te, Laurence Schimleck, Joseph Dahlen, Seung-Chul Yoon, Tetsuya Inagaki, Satoru Tsuchikawa, Anna Sandak, and Jakub Sandak. "Comparative Performance of NIR-Hyperspectral Imaging Systems." Foundations 2, no. 3 (June 22, 2022): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2030035.
Abstract:
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for the rapid estimation of a wide range of wood properties. Typically, NIRS studies on wood have utilized benchtop spectrometers, but efforts to utilize NIR hyperspectral imaging to examine wood and wood products have increased. Compared to benchtop NIR systems, hyperspectral imaging has several advantages (speed, visualization of spatial variability), but the data typically have a lower signal-to-noise ratio as well as fewer wavelengths saved; thus, hyperspectral imaging systems have a larger spectral sampling interval (SSI). Furthermore, the SSI and wavelength range varies considerably among different HSI cameras. NIR-HSI systems based on indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detectors have a wavelength range typically from 900 to 1700 nm, while short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging (SWIR-HSI) systems based on mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors have the ‘full’ NIR wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. These factors may influence the performance of wood property calibrations. We compared one NIR-HSI (900–1700 nm) and three SWIR-HSI (1000–2500 nm) commercially available cameras with an NIRS benchtop spectrometer (1100–2500 nm). The performance of specific gravity (SG) and stiffness (MOE) calibration models was compared with one-hundred Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) samples. The limited wavelength range of an NIR-HSI camera provided the best models for MOE, whereas the NIR-HSI and two SWIR-HSI cameras provided similar SG results. SWIR-HSI models heavily favored wavelengths greater than 1900 nm.
17
Blais-Ouellette, Sebastien, David Rioux, Stephane Marcet, and Wendy Chung. "Development of SWIR Clinical Imaging and Spectroscopic Instruments." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0191148mtgabs.
Abstract:
The last decade saw a tremendous evolution of nanocarbon-based biosensors. Most often based on SWIR, or NIR-II (1 - 1.7µm) fluorescence, these novel technologies prompted the development of new imaging and spectroscopic instruments. As these nanosensors are moving from basic and preclinical research to medical and veterinary applications, the instrumentation has to be adapted to large animals, including humans. This talk will focus on the challenges and promises of clinical fluorescence spectrometers and imagers for the SWIR window.
18
Dong, Sen, Zhi Xiong, Rongbing Li, Yaohong Chen, and Hao Wang. "High-Performance Enhancement of SWIR Images." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132001.
Abstract:
Short-wave infrared imaging technology has rapidly developed over the past decade. However, image detail and contrast enhancement techniques, which are crucial for infrared imaging systems, are rarely dedicated to SWIR imaging systems. Moreover, the existing IR image enhancement methods generally have difficulty providing real-time performance, which plays a significant role in imaging systems with high data rates. In this paper, we propose a simple and real-time SWIR image enhancement approach based on the difference of Gaussian filter and histogram remapping, and illustrate the implementation of the proposed method on FPGA. The experimental results demonstrated that our method achieves promising detail and contrast enhancement performance with a frame rate of around 50 fps for high-definition images, and that extremely high frame rates can be achieved with pipelined architecture.
19
Carr, Jessica A., Tulio A. Valdez, Oliver T. Bruns, and Moungi G. Bawendi. "Using the shortwave infrared to image middle ear pathologies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 36 (August 22, 2016): 9989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610529113.
Abstract:
Visualizing structures deep inside opaque biological tissues is one of the central challenges in biomedical imaging. Optical imaging with visible light provides high resolution and sensitivity; however, scattering and absorption of light by tissue limits the imaging depth to superficial features. Imaging with shortwave infrared light (SWIR, 1–2 μm) shares many advantages of visible imaging, but light scattering in tissue is reduced, providing sufficient optical penetration depth to noninvasively interrogate subsurface tissue features. However, the clinical potential of this approach has been largely unexplored because suitable detectors, until recently, have been either unavailable or cost prohibitive. Here, taking advantage of newly available detector technology, we demonstrate the potential of SWIR light to improve diagnostics through the development of a medical otoscope for determining middle ear pathologies. We show that SWIR otoscopy has the potential to provide valuable diagnostic information complementary to that provided by visible pneumotoscopy. We show that in healthy adult human ears, deeper tissue penetration of SWIR light allows better visualization of middle ear structures through the tympanic membrane, including the ossicular chain, promontory, round window niche, and chorda tympani. In addition, we investigate the potential for detection of middle ear fluid, which has significant implications for diagnosing otitis media, the overdiagnosis of which is a primary factor in increased antibiotic resistance. Middle ear fluid shows strong light absorption between 1,400 and 1,550 nm, enabling straightforward fluid detection in a model using the SWIR otoscope. Moreover, our device is easily translatable to the clinic, as the ergonomics, visual output, and operation are similar to a conventional otoscope.
20
Allik, Toomas H., Roberta E. Dixon, Lenard V. Ramboyong, Mark Roberts, Thomas J. Soyka, George Trifon, and Lori Medley. "Novel Electro-Optic Imaging Technologies for Day/Night Oil Spill Detection." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 299609. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-299609.1.
Abstract:
Joint program between the U.S. Departments of the Interior and Defense to bring knowledge, expertise and military, low-light level and hyperspectral imaging technologies to remote oil spill detection. Program emphasis is to determine remote infrared imaging techniques for the quantification of oil spill thickness. Spectral characteristics of various crude oils in the SWIR (1–2 microns), MWIR (3–5 microns) and LWIR (8–12 microns) were measured. Analysis of laboratory data and Deepwater Horizon hyperspectral imagery showed the utility of the SWIR region to detect crude oil and emulsions. We have evaluated two SWIR wavelengths (1200 nm and 1250 nm) for thickness assessment. An infrared, 3-color imager is discussed along with field tests at the BSEE's Ohmsett test facility.
21
Wu, Taixia, Guanghua Li, Zehua Yang, Hongming Zhang, Yong Lei, Nan Wang, and Lifu Zhang. "Shortwave Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy for Analysis of Ancient Paintings." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 5 (November 24, 2016): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816660724.
Abstract:
Spectral analysis is one of the main non-destructive techniques used to examine cultural relics. Hyperspectral imaging technology, especially on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band, can clearly extract information from paintings, such as color, pigment composition, damage characteristics, and painting techniques. All of these characteristics have significant scientific and practical value in the study of ancient paintings and other relics and in their protection and restoration. In this study, an ancient painting, numbered Gu-6541, which had been found in the Forbidden City, served as a sample. A ground-based SWIR imaging spectrometer was used to produce hyperspectral images with high spatial and spectral resolution. Results indicated that SWIR imaging spectral data greatly facilitates the extraction of line features used in drafting, even using a single band image. It can be used to identify and classify mineral pigments used in paintings. These images can detect alterations and traces of daub used in painting corrections and, combined with hyperspectral data analysis methods such as band combination or principal component analysis, such information can be extracted to highlight outcomes of interest. In brief, the SWIR imaging spectral technique was found to have a highly favorable effect on the extraction of line features from drawings and on the identification of colors, classification of paintings, and extraction of hidden information.
22
Neville, Robert A., Neil Rowlands, Richard Marois, and Ian Powell. "SFSI: Canada's First Airborne SWIR Imaging Spectrometer." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 21, no. 3 (August 1995): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1995.10874626.
23
Trondsen, Trond S., John Meriwether, Craig Unick, Andrew Gerrard, Matthew Cooper, and Devin Wyatt. "Short Wave Infrared Imaging for Auroral Physics and Aeronomy Studies." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 41, no. 2 (June 2024): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2024.41.2.121.
Abstract:
Advances in solar-terrestrial physics are generally linked to the development of innovative new sensor technologies, affording us ever better sensitivity, higher resolution, and broader spectral response. Recent advances in low-noise InGaAs sensor technology have enabled the realization of low-light-level scientific imaging within the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper describes a new and highly sensitive ultra-wide angle imager that offers an expansion of auroral and airglow imaging capabilities into the SWIR spectral range of 900–1,700 nm. The imager has already proven successful in large-area remote sensing of mesospheric temperatures and in providing intensity maps showing the propagation and dissipation of atmospheric gravity waves and ripples. The addition of an automated filter wheel expands the range of applications of an already versatile SWIR detector. Several potential applications are proposed herein, with an emphasis on auroral science. The combined data from this type of instrument and other existing instrumentation holds a strong potential to further enhance our understanding of the geospace environment.
24
Ng, Morgan, Yi-Ching Ho, Spencer Wycoff, Yihua Zhu, and Daniel Fried. "Short-Wavelength Infrared Imaging of Infected and Affected Dentin." Diagnostics 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070744.
Abstract:
Stains produced by bacteria or those found in blood and food byproducts accumulate in highly porous caries lesions. They can interfere with accurate diagnosis and the selective removal of carious tissue during cavity preparations. Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging studies have shown that stain molecules do not absorb light beyond 1200 nm. The objective of this study was to image affected and infected dentin atSWIR wavelengths. Sections of 3 mm thickness were cut from the extracted teeth with deep dentinal lesions. The sound (normal), affected (stained), and infected (demineralized) dentin on each section were examined with reflected light at wavelengths from 400 to 1700 nm, red and green fluorescence, and with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to measure the mineral density at each location investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the reflected light intensity at 400–850 nm and for fluorescence between the sound, affected, and infected dentin. SWIR imaging did not show significant reductions in reflectivity for the affected and infected dentin. SWIR images may be valuable for monitoring the lateral spread of dentinal lesions on the occlusal surfaces of teeth.
25
Zhu, Yihua. "The future of dentistry: Exploring the latest advancements in dental imaging." Open Access Government 42, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-042-11287.
Abstract:
The future of dentistry: Exploring the latest advancements in dental imaging Advancements in dental imaging over the past two decades have been remarkable, such as cross-polarization OCT; Yihua Zhu and his team at the University of California, San Francisco, have been investigating different diagnostic imaging methods. Yihua Zhu and his team at the University of California have extensively explored innovative imaging techniques, comparing them with conventional methods. Their focus has been on enhancing short wavelength infrared (SWIR) technologies, developing a dual probe for investigating dental cavities, and, more recently, introducing a novel SWIR multispectral transillumination and reflective imaging method. This research signifies a significant leap in providing a highly sensitive and efficient approach to visualizing dental cavities, tracking tooth decay progression, and assessing prevalent dental issues.
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SCHILLING, BRADLEY W., STEPHEN R. CHINN, BRIAN THOMAS, and TIMOTHY J. SCHOLZ. "EYESAFE ACTIVE IMAGING OF HARD TARGETS: AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNIQUES UNDER INVESTIGATION BY NVESD." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2008): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005412.
Abstract:
The U.S. Army is actively pursuing 3D active imaging techniques using laser sources emitting at 1.5 μm. This eyesafe short wave infrared (SWIR) waveband is advantageous due to both the improved eye safety and atmospheric propagation through obscurants. NVESD has several active programs in this area, which will be reviewed in this paper. These are: 1) single-pixel scanned imaging laser radar, 2) 2D gated SWIR imaging, and 3) 3D-flash laser radar. These systems are being evaluated for various targeting scenarios, including as potential payloads on unmanned air-vehicles, ground vehicles and other sensor suites. Applications include low-cost long-range target identification, identification of heavily obscured targets, obstacle avoidance, and high resolution imaging.
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Ru, Chenlei, Zhenhao Li, and Renzhong Tang. "A Hyperspectral Imaging Approach for Classifying Geographical Origins of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Using the Fusion of Spectrum-Image in VNIR and SWIR Ranges (VNIR-SWIR-FuSI)." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092045.
Abstract:
Hyperspectral data processing technique has gained increasing interests in the field of chemical and biomedical analysis. However, appropriate approaches to fusing features of hyperspectral data-cube are still lacking. In this paper, a new data fusion approach was proposed and applied to discriminate Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) slices from different geographical origins using hyperspectral imaging. Spectral and image features were extracted from hyperspectral data in visible and near-infrared (VNIR, 435–1042 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR, 898–1751 nm) ranges, respectively. Effective wavelengths were extracted from pre-processed spectral data by successive projection algorithm (SPA). Meanwhile, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM) were employed to extract textural variables. The fusion of spectrum-image in VNIR and SWIR ranges (VNIR-SWIR-FuSI) was implemented to integrate those features on three fusion dimensions, i.e., VNIR and SWIR fusion, spectrum and image fusion, and all data fusion. Based on data fusion, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) were utilized to establish calibration models. The results demonstrated that VNIR-SWIR-FuSI could achieve the best accuracies on both full bands (97.3%) and SPA bands (93.2%). In particular, VNIR-SWIR-FuSI on SPA bands achieved a classification accuracy of 93.2% with only 23 bands, which was significantly better than those based on spectra (80.9%) or images (79.7%). Thus it is more rapid and possible for industry applications. The current study demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technique with data fusion holds the potential for rapid and nondestructive sorting of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
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YUAN Li-yin, 袁立银, 何志平 HE Zhi-ping, 舒嵘 SHU Rong, and 王建宇 WANG Jian-yu. "Optical Design of a SWIR PGP Imaging Spectrometer." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 6 (2011): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114006.0831.
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Rutz, Frank, Rolf Aidam, Henning Heußen, Wolfgang Bronner, Robert Rehm, Matthias Benecke, Alexander Sieck, Simon Brunner, Benjamin Göhler, and Peter Lutzmann. "InGaAs APD matrix sensors for SWIR gated viewing." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0039.
Abstract:
Abstract Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) detection systems are increasingly in demand for surveillance, reconnaissance, and remote sensing applications. Eye-safe SWIR lasers can be utilized for active imaging systems with high image contrast and long detection range. The gated-viewing (GV) technique using short-pulse lasers and fast-gated cameras in the nanosecond range enables utilizing the distance information in addition to the signal intensity of the acquired images. The InGaAs material system is very well suited for the fabrication of high-performance SWIR photodetectors providing a typical cutoff wavelength of 1.7 μm, which covers the emission lines of available laser sources at typical telecom wavelengths around 1.55 μm. However, the usually short integration times needed for GV leads to very small photosignals. We report on the development of SWIR avalanche photodetector (APD) arrays with 640 × 512 pixels and 15 μm pixel pitch based on the InGaAs material system. The InGaAs-APD focal plane arrays have been successfully integrated into SWIR cameras which yield gain values of M ≈ 10 on camera level at a reverse bias voltage around 21 V and are the first InGaAs-based SWIR cameras worldwide providing a 640 × 512 image format and utilizing avalanche gain for signal amplification. The camera performance is demonstrated by SWIR laser GV sample images.
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Naczynski, Dominik J., Mei Chee Tan, Richard E. Riman, and Prabhas V. Moghe. "Rare earth nanoprobes for functional biomolecular imaging and theranostics." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 20 (2014): 2958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00094c.
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Kim, Yong-Kyoung, Insuck Baek, Kyung-Min Lee, Geonwoo Kim, Seyeon Kim, Sung-Youn Kim, Diane Chan, Timothy J. Herrman, Namkuk Kim, and Moon S. Kim. "Rapid Detection of Single- and Co-Contaminant Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Ground Maize Using Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques." Toxins 15, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070472.
Abstract:
Aflatoxins and fumonisins, commonly found in maize and maize-derived products, frequently co-occur and can cause dangerous illness in humans and animals if ingested in large amounts. Efforts are being made to develop suitable analytical methods for screening that can rapidly detect mycotoxins in order to prevent illness through early detection. A method for classifying contaminated maize by applying hyperspectral imaging techniques including reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions, and fluorescence was investigated. Machine learning classification models in combination with different preprocessing methods were applied to screen ground maize samples for naturally occurring aflatoxin and fumonisin as single contaminants and as co-contaminants. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel were employed as classification models using cut-off values of each mycotoxin. The classification performance of the SVM was better than that of PLS-DA, and the highest classification accuracies for fluorescence, VNIR, and SWIR were 89.1%, 71.7%, and 95.7%, respectively. SWIR imaging with the SVM model resulted in higher classification accuracies compared to the fluorescence and VNIR models, suggesting that as an alternative to conventional wet chemical methods, the hyperspectral SWIR imaging detection model may be the more effective and efficient analytical tool for mycotoxin analysis compared to fluorescence or VNIR imaging models. These methods represent a food safety screening tool capable of rapidly detecting mycotoxins in maize or other food ingredients consumed by animals or humans.
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van Hees, Richard M., Paul J. J. Tol, Sidney Cadot, Matthijs Krijger, Stefan T. Persijn, Tim A. van Kempen, Ralph Snel, Ilse Aben, and Ruud W M. Hoogeveen. "Determination of the TROPOMI-SWIR instrument spectral response function." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2018): 3917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3917-2018.
Abstract:
Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is the single instrument on board the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing imaging spectrometer with bands in the ultraviolet and visible, the near infrared and the shortwave infrared (SWIR). An accurate instrument spectral response function (ISRF) is required in the SWIR band where absorption lines of CO, methane and water vapor overlap. In this paper, we report on the determination of the TROPOMI-SWIR ISRF during an extensive on-ground calibration campaign. Measurements are taken with a monochromatic light source scanning the whole detector, using the spectrometer itself to determine the light intensity and wavelength. The accuracy of the resulting ISRF calibration key data is well within the requirement for trace-gas retrievals. Long-term in-flight monitoring of SWIR ISRF is achieved using five on-board diode lasers.
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Batshev, Vladislav, Alexander Machikhin, Grigoriy Martynov, Vitold Pozhar, Sergey Boritko, Milana Sharikova, Vladimir Lomonov, and Alexander Vinogradov. "Polarizer-Free AOTF-Based SWIR Hyperspectral Imaging for Biomedical Applications." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 8, 2020): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164439.
Abstract:
Optical biomedical imaging in short wave infrared (SWIR) range within 0.9–1.7 μm is a rapidly developing technique. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in cost-effective and robust hardware for hyperspectral imaging data acquisition in this range. Tunable-filter-based solutions are of particular interest as they provide image processing flexibility and effectiveness in terms of collected data volume. Acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) provide a unique set of features necessary for high-quality SWIR hyperspectral imaging. In this paper, we discuss a polarizer-free configuration of an imaging AOTF that provides a compact and easy-to-integrate design of the whole imager. We have carried out image quality analysis of this system, assembled it and validated its efficiency through multiple experiments. The developed system can be helpful in many hyperspectral applications including biomedical analyses.
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Neville, R. A., and I. Powell. "Design of SFSI: An Imaging Spectrometer in the SWIR." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 18, no. 4 (October 1992): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1992.10855326.
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Jemec, Jurij, Franjo Pernuš, Boštjan Likar, and Miran Bürmen. "Deconvolution-based restoration of SWIR pushbroom imaging spectrometer images." Optics Express 24, no. 21 (October 14, 2016): 24704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.024704.
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Xiang, Boyang, Guiru Gu, Nagarajan Ramaswamyd, Christopher Drew, and Xuejun Lu. "Voltage-dependent extended shortwave infrared (e-SWIR) photodetection-band tuning utilizing the Moss–Burstein effect." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56, no. 5 (December 29, 2022): 055101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aca9da.
Abstract:
Abstract Extended shortwave infrared (e-SWIR) photodetectors and imaging focal plane arrays covering the wavelength beyond the conventional In0.53Ga0.47As cutoff wavelength of 1.65 micrometers (µm) can find numerous applications in infrared sensing and imaging. This paper reports voltage-tunable e-SWIR photodetectors based on the conventional gallium antimonide (GaSb) n–i–p and p–i–n homojunctions on GaSb substrates, which offer bias-dependent photodetection band tuning with a simple structure and high material crystal quality due to the perfect lattice matching on the substrates. Detection bands between the cutoff wavelengths of 1.7 µm and 1.9 µm can be tuned with a low reverse bias voltage of <0.1 volts (V). The mechanism of the voltage-dependent band-tuning was analyzed and attributed to the Moss–Burstein effect, which changes the electron and hole filling factors under different reverse bias voltages. This analysis agreed with the experimental data. The Moss–Burstein effect-induced voltage-dependent band-tuning mechanism can provide useful guidance for the designs of e-SWIR photodetectors.
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Shah, Jay V., Jake N. Siebert, Xinyu Zhao, Shuqing He, Richard E. Riman, Mei Chee Tan, Mark C. Pierce, Edmund C. Lattime, Vidya Ganapathy, and Prabhas V. Moghe. "Abstract 4178: Non-invasive shortwave infrared imaging of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration for monitoring responses to combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 4178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4178.
Abstract:
Abstract Although triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be treated with anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, there remains a challenge in effectively monitoring therapeutic responses. Current non-invasive clinical imaging tools to evaluate response to treatment are reliant upon measurements of tumor volume and may fail to distinguish true progression from increased immune cell infiltration. Invasive biopsy sampling and immunohistochemistry (IHC) can elucidate changes in the immune landscape of treated tumors, but these methods are not conducive to providing real-time information. This study presents shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging as a potential tool to detect treatment-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration non-invasively and in real time using rare earth metal-doped nanoparticles encapsulated in human serum albumin nanocomposites (ReANCs). ReANCs were chemically conjugated with anti-CD8α antibodies as targeting ligands to facilitate binding of the nanoprobes to CTLs with high specificity in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. After treating the mice with combination anti-PD-1 and doxorubicin, volumetric analysis of the mammary fat pad tumors did not show any significant impact of treatment compared to single treatment and untreated control mice. However, increased CTL infiltration in the tumors of mice that received combination treatment was detected by in vivo SWIR imaging. CTL infiltration was validated with ex vivo IHC staining, and a monotonic relationship was observed between SWIR fluorescence and CD8 positivity. IHC staining of other immune markers, including CD45, CD3, CD4, and PD-L1, showed that combination treatment may influence in the expression of these markers, presenting additional targets that could be imaged with ReANCs in the future. In conclusion, the increase in SWIR signal from CD8-targeted ReANCs in tumors treated with combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy and the relationship with IHC staining highlight the ability to use SWIR imaging for non-invasive assessment of changes in immune dynamics following treatment. Citation Format: Jay V. Shah, Jake N. Siebert, Xinyu Zhao, Shuqing He, Richard E. Riman, Mei Chee Tan, Mark C. Pierce, Edmund C. Lattime, Vidya Ganapathy, Prabhas V. Moghe. Non-invasive shortwave infrared imaging of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration for monitoring responses to combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4178.
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Tsuboi, Setsuko, and Takashi Jin. "Shortwave-infrared (SWIR) fluorescence molecular imaging using indocyanine green–antibody conjugates for the optical diagnostics of cancerous tumours." RSC Advances 10, no. 47 (2020): 28171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04710d.
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Kumar, H., A. K. Sharma, and A. S. Rajawat. "APPLICATIONS OF IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY FOR NON-METALLIC MINERAL EXPLORATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 27, 2018): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-835-2018.
Abstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Imaging spectroscopy/hyperspectral remote sensing technique acquires images in a very narrow and contiguous spectral bands. High spectral resolution data provided by imaging spectrometers enables remote compositional mapping of earth surface. In the present study, we demonstrate the potentials of airborne AVIRIS-NG datasets for identification and mapping of non-metallic minerals. Several minerals such as carbonates, sulphates and phyllosilicate exhibit diagnostic absorption feature in Short Wave Infrared Region (SWIR) (2.0&ndash;2.5<span class="thinspace"></span>&mu;m). Therefore, mapping of wavelength of deepest absorption in SWIR is very useful for exploratory earth surface composition/mineral mapping. To map the mineralogical diversity in the parts of Banswara region, Rajasthan, wavelength of deepest absorption feature and absorption band depth in SWIR region was calculated at each pixel. It was found that majority of pixels showed absorption near &sim;2.31, 2.33 and 2.20<span class="thinspace"></span>&mu;m. Detailed analysis of spectra of image revealed dolomite as dominant mineral at pixels showing deepest absorption at 2.31<span class="thinspace"></span>&mu;m. Calcite and clays were found to be present at pixels showing deepest absorption feature near 2.33 and 2.20<span class="thinspace"></span>&mu;m respectively. It is noted that mapping wavelength position of deepest feature is a very fast and reliable indicator of mineralogy. The mineral map of calcite and dolomite shall be useful for locating new mining prospect in the region.</p>
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Iida, Tatsuto, Shunsuke Kiya, Kosuke Kubota, Takashi Jin, Akitoshi Seiyama, and Yasutomo Nomura. "Monte Carlo Modeling of Shortwave-Infrared Fluorescence Photon Migration in Voxelized Media for the Detection of Breast Cancer." Diagnostics 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110961.
Abstract:
Recent progress regarding shortwave-infrared (SWIR) molecular imaging technology has inspired another modality of noninvasive diagnosis for early breast cancer detection in which previous mammography or sonography would be compensated. Although a SWIR fluorescence image of a small breast cancer of several millimeters was obtained from experiments with small animals, detailed numerical analyses before clinical application were required, since various parameters such as size as well as body hair differed between humans and small experimental animals. In this study, the feasibility of SWIR was compared against visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region, using the Monte Carlo simulation in voxelized media. In this model, due to the implementation of the excitation gradient, fluorescence is based on rational mechanisms, whereas fluorescence within breast cancer is spatially proportional to excitation intensity. The fluence map of SWIR simulation with excitation gradient indicated signals near the upper surface of the cancer, and stronger than those of the NIR. Furthermore, there was a dependency on the fluence signal distribution on the contour of the breast tissue, as well as the internal structure, due to the implementation of digital anatomical data for the Visible Human Project. The fluorescence signal was observed to become weaker in all regions including the VIS, the NIR, and the SWIR region, when fluorescence-labeled cancer either became smaller or was embedded in a deeper area. However, fluorescence in SWIR alone from a cancer of 4 mm diameter was judged to be detectable at a depth of 1.4 cm.
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Ayasse, Alana K., Philip E. Dennison, Markus Foote, Andrew K. Thorpe, Sarang Joshi, Robert O. Green, Riley M. Duren, David R. Thompson, and Dar A. Roberts. "Methane Mapping with Future Satellite Imaging Spectrometers." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243054.
Abstract:
This study evaluates a new generation of satellite imaging spectrometers to measure point source methane emissions from anthropogenic sources. We used the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation(AVIRIS-NG) images with known methane plumes to create two simulated satellite products. One simulation had a 30 m spatial resolution with ~200 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) and the other had a 60 m spatial resolution with ~400 SNR in the SWIR; both products had a 7.5 nm spectral spacing. We applied a linear matched filter with a sparsity prior and an albedo correction to detect and quantify the methane emission in the original AVIRIS-NG images and in both satellite simulations. We also calculated an emission flux for all images. We found that all methane plumes were detectable in all satellite simulations. The flux calculations for the simulated satellite images correlated well with the calculated flux for the original AVIRIS-NG images. We also found that coarsening spatial resolution had the largest impact on the sensitivity of the results. These results suggest that methane detection and quantification of point sources will be possible with the next generation of satellite imaging spectrometers.
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Platnick, Steven, Kerry Meyer, Nandana Amarasinghe, Galina Wind, Paul A. Hubanks, and Robert E. Holz. "Sensitivity of Multispectral Imager Liquid Water Cloud Microphysical Retrievals to the Index of Refraction." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244165.
Abstract:
A cloud property retrieved from multispectral imagers having spectral channels in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and/or midwave infrared (MWIR) is the cloud effective particle radius (CER), a radiatively relevant weighting of the cloud particle size distribution. The physical basis of the CER retrieval is the dependence of SWIR/MWIR cloud reflectance on the cloud particle single scattering albedo, which in turn depends on the complex index of refraction of bulk liquid water (or ice) in addition to the cloud particle size. There is a general consistency in the choice of the liquid water index of refraction by the cloud remote sensing community, largely due to the few available independent datasets and compilations. Here we examine the sensitivity of CER retrievals to the available laboratory index of refraction datasets in the SWIR and MWIR using the retrieval software package that produces NASA’s standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer suite (VIIRS) continuity cloud products. The sensitivity study incorporates two laboratory index of refraction datasets that include measurements at supercooled water temperatures, one in the SWIR and one in the MWIR. Neither has been broadly utilized in the cloud remote sensing community. It is shown that these two new datasets can significantly change CER retrievals (e.g., 1–2 µm) relative to common datasets used by the community. Further, index of refraction data for a 265 K water temperature gives more consistent retrievals between the two spectrally distinct 2.2 µm atmospheric window channels on MODIS and VIIRS. As a result, 265 K values from the SWIR and MWIR index of refraction datasets were adopted for use in the production version of the continuity cloud product. The results indicate the need to better understand temperature-dependent bulk water absorption and uncertainties in these spectral regions.
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Bachmann, Martin, and Tobias Storch. "First Nighttime Light Spectra by Satellite—By EnMAP." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (August 14, 2023): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164025.
Abstract:
For the first time, nighttime VIS/NIR—SWIR (visible and near-infrared—shortwave infrared) spectra from a satellite mission have been analyzed using the EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) high-resolution imaging spectrometer. This article focuses on the spectral characteristics. Firstly, we checked the spectral calibration of EnMAP using sodium light emissions. Here, By applying a newly devised general method, we estimated shifts of +0.3nm for VIS/NIR and −0.2nm for SWIR; the uncertainties were found to be within the range of [−0.4nm,+0.2nm] for VIS/NIR and [−1.2nm,+1.0nm] for SWIR. These results emphasize the high accuracy of the spectral calibration of EnMAP and illustrate the feasibility of methods based on nighttime Earth observations for the spectral calibration of future nighttime satellite missions. Secondly, by employing a straightforward general method, we identified the dominant lighting types and thermal emissions in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on a per-pixel basis, and we considered the consistency of the outcomes. The identification and mapping of different types of LED (light-emitting diode) illuminations were achieved—with 75% of the identified dominant lighting types identified in VIS/NIR—as well as high- and low-pressure sodium and metal halide, which made up 22% of the identified dominant lighting types in VIS/NIR and 29% in SWIR and other illumination sources, as well as high temperatures, where 33% of the identified dominant emission types in SWIR were achieved from space using EnMAP due to the elevated illumination levels in the observed location. These results illustrate the feasibility of the precise identification of lighting types and thermal emissions based on nighttime high-resolution imaging spectroscopy satellite products; moreover, they support the specification of spectral characteristics for upcoming nighttime missions.
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Park, Jong-Jin, Jeong-Seok Cho, Gyuseok Lee, Dae-Yong Yun, Seul-Ki Park, Kee-Jai Park, and Jeong-Ho Lim. "Detection of Red Pepper Powder Adulteration with Allura Red and Red Pepper Seeds Using Hyperspectral Imaging." Foods 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183471.
Abstract:
This study used shortwave infrared (SWIR) technology to determine whether red pepper powder was artificially adulterated with Allura Red and red pepper seeds. First, the ratio of red pepper pericarp to seed was adjusted to 100:0 (P100), 75:25 (P75), 50:50 (P50), 25:75 (P25), or 0:100 (P0), and Allura Red was added to the red pepper pericarp/seed mixture at 0.05% (A), 0.1% (B), and 0.15% (C). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) using the L, a, and b values; hue angle; and chroma showed that the pure pericarp powder (P100) was not easily distinguished from some adulterated samples (P50A-C, P75A-C, and P100B,C). Adulterated red pepper powder was detected by applying machine learning techniques, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), linear support vector machine (LSVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), based on spectra obtained from SWIR (1,000–1,700 nm). Linear discriminant analysis determined adulteration with 100% accuracy when the samples were divided into four categories (acceptable, adulterated by Allura Red, adulterated by seeds, and adulterated by seeds and Allura Red). The application of SWIR technology and machine learning detects adulteration with Allura Red and seeds in red pepper powder.
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Gabrieli, Francesca, John K. Delaney, Robert G. Erdmann, Victor Gonzalez, Annelies van Loon, Patrick Smulders, Roy Berkeveld, Robert van Langh, and Katrien Keune. "Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy (RIS) for Operation Night Watch: Challenges and Achievements of Imaging Rembrandt’s Masterpiece in the Glass Chamber at the Rijksmuseum." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 6855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206855.
Abstract:
Visible and infrared reflectance imaging spectroscopy is one of the several non-invasive techniques used during Operation Night Watch for the study of Rembrandt’s iconic masterpiece The Night Watch (1642). The goals of this project include the identification and mapping of the artists’ materials, providing information about the painting technique used as well as documenting the painting’s current state and ultimately determining the possible conservation plan. The large size of the painting (3.78 m by 4.53 m) and the diversity of the technical investigations being performed make Operation Night Watch the largest research project ever undertaken at the Rijksmuseum. To construct a complete reflectance image cube at a high spatial resolution (168 µm2) and spectral resolution (2.54 to 6 nm), the painting was imaged with two high-sensitivity line scanning hyperspectral cameras (VNIR 400 to 1000 nm, 2.54 nm, and SWIR 900 to 2500 nm, 6 nm). Given the large size of the painting, a custom computer-controlled 3-D imaging frame was constructed to move each camera, along with lights, across the painting surface. A third axis, normal to the painting, was added along with a distance-sensing system which kept the cameras in focus during the scanning. A total of 200 hyperspectral image swaths were collected, mosaicked and registered to a high-resolution color image to sub-pixel accuracy using a novel registration algorithm. The preliminary analysis of the VNIR and SWIR reflectance images has identified many of the pigments used and their distribution across the painting. The SWIR, in particular, has provided an improved visualization of the preparatory sketches and changes in the painted composition. These data sets, when combined with the results from the other spectral imaging modalities and paint sample analyses, will provide the most complete understanding of the materials and painting techniques used by Rembrandt in The Night Watch.
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Alisaac, Elias, Jan Behmann, Anna Rathgeb, Petr Karlovsky, Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne, and Anne-Katrin Mahlein. "Assessment of Fusarium Infection and Mycotoxin Contamination of Wheat Kernels and Flour Using Hyperspectral Imaging." Toxins 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2019): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100556.
Abstract:
Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics in wheat and contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins has become an increasing problem over the last decades. This prompted the need for non-invasive and non-destructive techniques to screen cereal grains for Fusarium infection, which is usually accompanied by mycotoxin contamination. This study tested the potential of hyperspectral imaging to monitor the infection of wheat kernels and flour with three Fusarium species. Kernels of two wheat varieties inoculated at anthesis with F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. poae were investigated. Hyperspectral images of kernels and flour were taken in the visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) (400–1000 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) (1000–2500 nm) ranges. The fungal DNA and mycotoxin contents were quantified. Spectral reflectance of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) was significantly higher than non-inoculated ones. In contrast, spectral reflectance of flour from non-inoculated kernels was higher than that of FDK in the VIS and lower in the NIR and SWIR ranges. Spectral reflectance of kernels was positively correlated with fungal DNA and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents. In the case of the flour, this correlation exceeded r = −0.80 in the VIS range. Remarkable peaks of correlation appeared at 1193, 1231, 1446 to 1465, and 1742 to 2500 nm in the SWIR range.
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Lutz, Yves, Alexis Matwyschuk, and Jean-Michel Poyet. "Experimental SWIR gated viewing in accumulation mode." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0038.
Abstract:
Abstract The recent availability of imaging sensors able to work in accumulation mode in the SWIR spectral range allows the realization of new efficient range-gated viewing systems. Such systems relax the illumination constraint so that the energy required to build an image can be distributed over several laser pulses. Semiconductor or fiber lasers can be used instead of high peak power solid state lasers. Such a system was realized in our laboratory, tested, and compared to a more classical flash system under outdoor conditions. In a first step, images of the same scenes recorded in the same weather conditions were compared to those recorded with a classical system working in flash mode. The MTF analysis shows an improvement of up to 40% with the system working in accumulation mode. In order to remove the influence of two different laser sources as well as of two different cameras, a second experiment was conducted. For this purpose, a shorter range and only one system were employed. Both operating modes, the flash and the accumulation mode, were examined. The second experiment confirms that accumulation mode can decrease significantly the value of the scintillation index resulting in a higher resistance to optical perturbations. These results increase the relevance of the accumulation mode for active imaging applications in the SWIR spectral region.
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Pouyet, Emeline, Tsveta Miteva, Neda Rohani, and Laurence de Viguerie. "Artificial Intelligence for Pigment Classification Task in the Short-Wave Infrared Range." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 6150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186150.
Abstract:
Hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR, “extended NIR”, ca. 1000 to 2500 nm) has proven to provide enhanced characterization of paint materials. However, the interpretation of the results remains challenging due to the intrinsic complexity of the SWIR spectra, presenting both broad and narrow absorption features with possible overlaps. To cope with the high dimensionality and spectral complexity of such datasets acquired in the SWIR domain, one data treatment approach is tested, inspired by innovative development in the cultural heritage field: the use of a pigment spectral database (extracted from model and historical samples) combined with a deep neural network (DNN). This approach allows for multi-label pigment classification within each pixel of the data cube. Conventional Spectral Angle Mapping and DNN results obtained on both pigment reference samples and a Buddhist painting (thangka) are discussed.
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Jenal, Alexander, Georg Bareth, Andreas Bolten, Caspar Kneer, Immanuel Weber, and Jens Bongartz. "Development of a VNIR/SWIR Multispectral Imaging System for Vegetation Monitoring with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245507.
Abstract:
Short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging systems with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rarely used for remote sensing applications, like for vegetation monitoring. The reasons are that in the past, sensor systems covering the SWIR range were too expensive, too heavy, or not performing well enough, as, in contrast, it is the case in the visible and near-infrared range (VNIR). Therefore, our main objective is the development of a novel modular two-channel multispectral imaging system with a broad spectral sensitivity from the visible to the short-wave infrared spectrum (approx. 400 nm to 1700 nm) that is compact, lightweight and energy-efficient enough for UAV-based remote sensing applications. Various established vegetation indices (VIs) for mapping vegetation traits can then be set up by selecting any suitable filter combination. The study describes the selection of the individual components, starting with suitable camera modules, the optical as well as the control and storage parts. Special bandpass filters are used to select the desired wavelengths to be captured. A unique flange system has been developed, which also allows the filters to be interchanged quickly in order to adapt the system to a new application in a short time. The characterization of the system was performed in the laboratory with an integrating sphere and a climatic chamber. Finally, the integration of the novel modular VNIR/SWIR imaging system into a UAV and a subsequent first outdoor test flight, in which the functionality was tested, are described.
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Levi, Benjamin, Charles Hwang, Sergey Mirinov, Stewart Wang, Mark Hemmila, Paul Cederna, Michael Morris, and Omer Berenfeld. "116 Short Wave Infrared Light Imaging Distinguishes Superficial from Deep Burns." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S77—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.119.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Burns represent a significant public health burden that rely on accurate diagnosis of burn depth. The gold standard for burn injury depth remains visual clinician appraisal. Candidate modalities for objective and standardized diagnostics have failed to reach wide adoption due to limitations in practicality, cost, and reproducibility. Here we utilize short wave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) which involves analysis of a subset of the infrared spectrum, between 1000–2500 nm, and has previously been described in the assessment of water composition in human skin. Given literature highlighting moisture as a potential biomarker for tissue viability, we hypothesized a similar application in a novel, healthcare context for assessing tissue damage following contact burn injury. Methods A custom imaging system was constructed with tungsten-filament light source, filters centered at 1200, 1650, 1940, and 2250 nm, and a SWIR camera. Phantom models of agar slabs were constructed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mm thickness and spectrally interrogated in epi-illumination and trans-illumination configurations (Fig A, top). For verification of moisture detection, filter paper was wetted with 50 µL H2O and imaged. For burns study, Yorkshire pigs (N=5) were injured with both short (20 s) and long (40 s) exposure burns to assess varying degrees of burn injury for SWIR and biopsy histology (H&E, picrosirius). In vivo imaging occurred 72 hours after burn injury. For quantifications, a 50x50 pixel region was selected from the center of each burn site to determine average reflectance. Results Absorbance of SWIR light was found to depend on agar thickness, increasing with depth and moisture in substrates. 1940 nm absorbance was sensitive with full absorbance even in agar slabs as thin as 1 mm (Fig A, bottom). Water directly applied to paper demonstrated sharp demarcation of dry vs. wet regions consistent with absorptive patterns seen in agar (Fig B). Short (S) and long (L) regions of porcine burns were imaged (Fig C-D). Two-way ANOVA analysis across 5 animals revealed that reflected fraction was different for each wavelength (p< 0.001) and for both burn exposure times (p=0.011). Imaged wavelengths of 1200, 1650 and 2250, but not 1940 nm, showed a significant 10–20% higher reflectance in the long duration burn in comparison to the short or unburned regions (Fig E). Analysis of biopsies in each treatment region confirmed deeper damage with longer injury times (long: 922±45 vs short: 590±57 mm, n=10/group, p< 0.001, Fig F). Conclusions There exists a need in burn care for a reliable, objective measure of tissue viability following burn injury. SWIR spectroscopy can delineate moisture content in phantom models and distinguish burn depth in porcine models. Applicability of Research to Practice This work to be particularly timely given the need and demand for more objective diagnostic modalities in contemporary burn depth assessment.