Journal articles: 'Swimming – Training'

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Zacca, Rodrigo, Ricardo Jorge P. Fernandes, David B. Pyne, and Flávio Antônio de S. Castro. "Swimming Training Assessment." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, no. 5 (May 2016): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001239.

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COSTILL, D. L., R. THOMAS, R. A. ROBERGS, D. PASCOE, C. LAMBERT, S. BARR, and W. J. FINK. "Adaptations to swimming training." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23, no. 3 (March 1991): 371???377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199103000-00017.

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Wirth, Klaus, Michael Keiner, Stefan Fuhrmann, Alfred Nimmerichter, and G. Gregory Haff. "Strength Training in Swimming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095369.

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This narrative review deals with the topic of strength training in swimming, which has been a controversial issue for decades. It is not only about the importance for the performance at start, turn and swim speed, but also about the question of how to design a strength training program. Different approaches are discussed in the literature, with two aspects in the foreground. On the one hand is the discussion about the optimal intensity in strength training and, on the other hand, is the question of how specific strength training should be designed. In addition to a summary of the current state of research regarding the importance of strength training for swimming, the article shows which physiological adaptations should be achieved in order to be able to increase performance in the long term. Furthermore, an attempt is made to explain why some training contents seem to be rather unsuitable when it comes to increasing strength as a basis for higher performance in the start, turn and clean swimming. Practical training consequences are then derived from this. Regardless of the athlete’s performance development, preventive aspects should also be considered in the discussion. The article provides a critical overview of the abovementioned key issues. The most important points when designing a strength training program for swimming are a sufficiently high-load intensity to increase maximum strength, which in turn is the basis for power, year-round strength training, parallel to swim training and working on the transfer of acquired strength skills in swim training, and not through supposedly specific strength training exercises on land or in the water.

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Vasile, Luciela. "Endurance Training in Performance Swimming." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 117 (March 2014): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.206.

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Risman, Iqbal, and Adnan Fardi. "The Effect of Interval Squat Thrust Training and Circuit Training Against Swimming Speed of 50 Meters Breastsroke." Jurnal Performa Olahraga 4, no. 02 (December 19, 2019): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpo107019.

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Ability of swimming 50 meters breaststroke swimming subjects specializing in FIK UNP coaching is the background of research problems. This study aims to determine the effect of interval squat thrust training and circuit training exercises on swimming speed of 50 meters breaststroke. Type of experimental research, two groups pretest-posttest. The population of swimming students specializing in FIK UNP training is 26 people, 21 men and 5 women. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique, which is 18 men. Data collection by carrying out the initial test and final test swimming speed of 50 meters breaststroke. The data analysis technique uses the mean different test formula (t test) significant level α = 0.05. From the analysis of the data the results are obtained: there is a significant effect of interval squat thrust training on swimming speed of 50 meters breaststroke (12.94 th> tb.86) from mean 62.32 to 58.99 seconds. There is a significant effect of circuit training exercises on swimming speed of 50 meters breaststroke (11.03 th> 1.86) from mean 63.96 to 59.61 seconds. There was no significant difference between squat thrust training at intervals with circuit training with swimming speed of 50 meters breaststroke (th 0.1206 <tb 1.86).

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Lekina, Daniela. "ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN`S SWIMMING AT SWIMMING CLUB “PIRIN”." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3102617l.

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The aim of the study is to analyze the level of swimming training for athletes who have mastered the techniques of swimming styles with a marked sporting focus. The effectiveness of the training was determined by the achieved growth rate of the test results at the end of the training period of one year. We have defined the efficiency of the training thanks to the positive test results from the conduced test by the end of the training period for the year. The test contained physical and swimming exercises.The results from these exercises show that 1) our training process has been carried out correctly which is the reason for the high test results at the end of the year; 2) The analyze from the results could be used for children with high sport perspectives.In conclusion ,the children’s swimming training has positively influenced the following directions: Positive physical changes have been achieved; Interest is swimming sport had been created; The techniques of various auxiliary and specially preparatory exercises are mastered; Techiques of swimming styles are built.

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Kang, Shin Beum, and Hyun Ju Lee. "The Effect of Weight, Circuit Training and Swimming Training on Cardiorespiratory Function and Swimming Record." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 18 (November 30, 2002): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2002.11.18.867.

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Selçuk Deyirmenci, Hatice, and Selma Karacan. "The effects of 12-weeks thera-band training on swimming performance at 11-13 age group swimmers 11-13 yaş grubu erkek yüzme sporcularında 12 haftalık terabant antrenmanının yüzme performansına etkileri." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 4958. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4858.

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Elastic tapes are one of the functional equipments used for strength development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance band trainings on swimming performance in 11-13 year old male swimming athletes. The swimmer who regularly swim for at least two years were at random divided 2 groups. Group1, swimming+thera-band (STG) (n=12, age= 12,00±0,60 years, height=147,75±8,12 cm, body weight=41,91±9,26 kg) participated 2 days swimming and swimming training plus 3 days resistance with theraband during 12 weeks while Group 2, swimming group (SG), (n=12, age=11,91±0,79 years, height=148,25±9,25cm body weight =43,50±9,05 kg) continued just 5 days swimming training per week. To evaluate the swimming performances of the groups, 50m, 100m, 150m and 200m freestyle transition tests with 25m, 50m freestyle swimming were measured before and after training. Wilcoxon paired test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical program in the analysis of the obtained data. At the end of the interview, significant decrease were found in both groups of 25m, 50m freestyle swimming grades and 200m grades (p<0,05). As a result of the findings, it can be said that therabant training which is done as a land work with swimming training leads to positive changes in the performance development of children aged 11-13 years.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetElastik bantlar kuvvet gelişimi için kullanılan fonksiyonel ekipmanlardan biridir. Bu araştırma, yaşları 11-13 arasında olan erkek yüzme sporcularında direnç bandı antrenmanının yüzme performansına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Düzenli olarak en az iki yıl yüzme antrenmanı yapan erkek yüzücüler rastgele iki gruba ayrılmıştır. 1. Grup yüzme+thera-band (YTG) (n=12, yaş=12,00±0,60 yıl, boy=147,75±8,12 cm, v.ağ=41,91±9,26 kg) 12 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün yüzme, 3 gün de yüzmeye ek olarak therabant ile kuvvet antrenmanı 2. Grup yüzme (YG) (n=12, yaş=11,91±0,79 yıl, boy=148,25±9,25cm v.ağ=43,50±9,05 kg) haftada 5 gün sadece yüzme antrenmanları uygulanmıştır. Grupların yüzme performanslarını değerlendirmek için 25m, 50m serbest stil yüzme ile 50m, 100m, 150m ve 200m serbest stil geçiş testleri antrenman öncesi ve sonrası ölçülmüştür. Bulgular SPSS 15.0 istatistik paket programında analiz edilmiş ve parametrik olmayan analizlerden Mann Whitney U testi ile Wilcoxon İkili İlişki testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda her iki grubunda 25m, 50m serbest stil yüzme dereceleri ile 200m yüzme derecelerinde anlamlı azalmalar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, yüzme antrenmanları ile birlikte kara çalışması olarak yaptırılan therabant antrenmanlarının 11-13 yaşları arasındaki çocukların performans gelişimlerinde olumlu değişimlere neden olduğu söylenebilir.Elastic tapes are one of the functional equipments used for strength development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance band trainings on swimming performance in 11-13 year old male swimming athletes. The swimmer who regularly swim for at least two years were at random divided 2 groups. Group1, swimming+thera-band (STG) (n=12, age= 12,00±0,60 years, height=147,75±8,12 cm, body weight=41,91±9,26 kg) participated 2 days swimming and swimming training plus 3 days resistance with theraband during 12 weeks while Group 2, swimming group (SG), (n=12, age=11,91±0,79 years, height=148,25±9,25cm body weight =43,50±9,05 kg) continued just 5 days swimming training per week. To evaluate the swimming performances of the groups, 50m, 100m, 150m and 200m freestyle transition tests with 25m, 50m freestyle swimming were measured before and after training. Wilcoxon paired test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical program in the analysis of the obtained data. At the end of the interview, significant decrease were found in both groups of 25m, 50m freestyle swimming grades and 200m grades (p<0,05). As a result of the findings, it can be said that therabant training which is done as a land work with swimming training leads to positive changes in the performance development of children aged 11-13 years.

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Dolejšová, Miroslava, Zdeněk Melichárek, and Marcela Kubalčíková. "Plavecká úroveň studentů Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně v letech 2002–2013." Studia sportiva 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2014): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2014-2-4.

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The aim of this paper is to compare the swimming fitness of students at our university. We wanted to know whether the non-swimmers could improve their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We wanted to know whether the students of our university improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We wondered whether the swimming fitness of our university students has changed in 10 years. The first part of the analysis covered the years 2007 to 2013. We examined whether the non-swimmers were able to improve the swimming fitness. At the same time we examined whether the students improved the swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We used the tests of proportions to analyse the data. The second part of the analysis covered the years 2002 and 2012. We measured the times of students both at the beginning and at the end of the swimming training in these years. We wondered whether the swimming fitness of university students has changed in 10 years. To compare the swimming fitness in 2002 and 2012 we used the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. To compare the swimming fitness in 10 years we applied the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test.We found that 138 non-swimmers improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. It has been shown that non-swimmers made up less than 10 % of the total number of students who attended the swimming training between the years 2007 and 2013. All non-swimmers improved in academic years 2007/2008, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. 92 non-swimmers swam the limit of 100 meters. We have shown that 60 % of non-swimmers improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. Furthermore, we found that a third of students mismanaged to swim the limit of 100 meters. The required limit of 100 meters swam 1 029 students. 3 432 students improved the swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. Furthermore, we found that the swimming fitness of students improved both in 2002 and 2012. Finally, we found that the swimming fitness of our students has improved in 10 years. We managed to prove almost all the statistical hypothesis at the significance level of 0.05 and therefore we could consider them to be statistically significant. The procedure that we used to analyse the swimming fitness of students at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín may be beneficial for analysis of the swimming fitness not only at other universities, but in different workplaces that deal with measuring the performance of athletes.

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Sadowski, Jerzy, Andrzej Mastalerz, Wilhelm Gromisz, Ewa Jówko, and Mariusz Buszta. "The Effects Of Swimming And Dry-Land Resistance Training Programme On Non-Swimmers." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2015-0011.

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AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of combined swimming and dry-land resistance training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in non-swimmers.Material and methods. Thirty male non-swimmers took part in the research. They were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: experimental (n=17) and control (n=13). The experimental group took part in combined swimming and dry-land resistance training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The swimming and dry-land resistance training programme lasted twelve weeks (48 training sessions of swimming and 36 sessions of dry-land resistance training). Average training volume and intensity were the same for all swimmers throughout the study protocol. The training programme included dominant aerobic work in front crawl.Results. Dry-land resistance training applied in the experimental group significantly improved the upper body strength. In spite of the theory that dry-land strength training is probably not specific enough to improve the sprint swim performance, the experimental group tended to demonstrate greater improvement in sprint performance. The imitation of the underwater phase of shoulder work during front crawl provided by the ergometer can be a useful training method in non-swimmers.

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Konstantaki, Maria, Edward Winter, and Ian Swaine. "Effects of Arms-Only Swimming Training on Performance, Movement Economy, and Aerobic Power." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 3, no. 3 (September 2008): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.3.294.

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Context:Forward propulsion in freestyle swimming is predominantly achieved through arm action. Few studies have assessed the effects of arm training on arm power and swimming performance, yet there have not been any investigations on the effects of arms-only swimming training on swimming performance and physiological responses to arm exercise.Purpose:To investigate the changes in arms-only and full-stroke swimming performance, movement economy and aerobic power after an arms-only swimming training program.Methods:Fifteen male county level swimmers were assigned either to an experimental (ES, n = 8) or control group (CS, n = 7). For six weeks ES performed arms-only freestyle swimming exercises for 20% of their weekly training distance three times per week, whereas CS performed their usual swimming training. Before and after the training program, both groups performed a) two time trials, 186 m using arms-only (186ARMS) and 372 m using full-stroke (372FULL) freestyle swimming, and b) an incremental arm-pulling exercise test. The time to complete the trials was recorded. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak exercise intensity (EIpeak) submaximal oxygen uptake at 60 W (VO2−60) and exercise intensity at ventilatory threshold (VTW) were determined from the exercise test.Results:After training, ES had improved in 186ARMS (−14.2 ± 3.6%, P = .03), VO2−60 (−22.5 ± 2.3%, P = .04), EIpeak (+17.8 ± 4.2%, P = .03), and VTW (+18.9 ± 2.3%, P = .02), but not in VO2peak (P = .09) or in 372FULL (P = .07). None of the measures changed in CS (P > .05).Conclusion:Arms-only swimming training at 20% of the weekly training distance is an effective method to improve arm conditioning during the preparatory phase of the annual training cycle.

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Chu, Donald A. "ATHLETIC TRAINING ISSUES IN SYNCHRONIZED SWIMMING." Clinics in Sports Medicine 18, no. 2 (April 1999): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70157-5.

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Porter, K., P. Blanch, H. Walker, and A. Shield. "Supraspinatus tendon response to swimming training." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (January 2017): e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.223.

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Lemaître, Frédéric, Ludovic Seifert, Didier Polin, Jérôme Juge, Claire Tourny-Chollet, and Didier Chollet. "Apnea Training Effects on Swimming Coordination." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 6 (September 2009): 1909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b073a8.

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Wahyudi M, Edi, Yudi Hendrayana, Amung Ma’mun, and Boyke Mulyana. "Aerobic Interval Training in Freestyle Swimming." International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 8, no. 4 (August 2020): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080406.

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Kostoulas, Kounalakis, Toubekis, Kaniadakis, Karagiannis, Mavraganis, Karatrantou, and Gerodimos. "The Effect of a Combat Swimming Training Program on Swimming Performance." Proceedings 25, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019025006.

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Aim: To explore the effect of a combat swimming training program (CSTP), with and without equipment, on swimming performance. Material & Method: 45 male army officer cadets volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (CG) and two experimental groups. The experimental groups participated in a 4-week combat swimming training program with equipment (CSTPE) or without equipment (CSTPS). Prior to and after the CSTP, all groups performed a 400-m and a 4 × 50-m swimming task, and the time to complete the task, peak blood lactate, and peak heart rate were measured. Results: The time to complete the 400-m and 4 × 50-m trials improved significantly only in the CSTPE group (490 ± 66 s pre and 463 ± 50 s post for 400 m; and 205 ± 28 s pre and 192 ± 19 s post for 4 × 50 m; p < 0.05), while the CG and CTSPS groups did not improve their time significantly in either trial. All groups presented similar peak lactate and peak heart rate values. Conclusions: The results suggest that only the CSTPE group improved swimming performance in both the 400-m and 4 × 50-m trials.

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Watanabe, T., A. Morimoto, Y. Sakata, N. Tan, K. Morimoto, and N. Murakami. "Running training attenuates the ACTH responses in rats to swimming and cage-switch stress." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2452.

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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of running training on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) response in rats to swimming or cage-switch stress to determine whether, after physical training, a cross-adaptation develops in the ACTH responses induced by different types of stresses. Rats were trained by two different kinds of exercises and for two different periods of training: 1) swimming for 4 wk (4W-swimming), 2) running for 4 wk (4W-running), and 3) running for 10 wk (10W-running). Remaining rats were used for control for 4 wk (4W-control) and 10 wk (10W-control). The ACTH response induced by swimming stress was reduced after training by swimming (62.4%) or by running (13.8–16.4%). These training periods also attenuated the ACTH response induced by cage-switch stress (62.4% in the swimming group, 23.8–34.6% in the running groups). After swimming stress, the 4W-swimming and 10W-running groups showed smaller increases in blood glucose than the control groups. In addition, the increased levels of blood lactate in all the trained rats were significantly smaller than those in the control groups, suggesting that an adaptation was achieved after physical training. These results suggest that after running training, cross-adaptation is developed in the ACTH response induced by different types of physical (swimming) or psychological (cage-switch) stresses.

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Arsoniadis, Gavriil, Petros Botonis, Gregory C. Bogdanis, Gerasimos Terzis, and Argyris Toubekis. "Acute and Long-Term Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Swimming Training on Swimming Performance." Sports 10, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10030029.

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Dry-land resistance exercise (RT) is routinely applied concurrent to swimming (SWIM) training sessions in a year-round training plan. To date, the impact of the acute effect of RT on SWIM or SWIM on RT performance and the long-term RT-SWIM or SWIM-RT training outcome has received limited attention. The existing studies indicate that acute RT or SWIM training may temporarily decrease subsequent muscle function. Concurrent application of RT-SWIM or SWIM-RT may induce similar physiological alterations. Such alterations are dependent on the recovery duration between sessions. Considering the long-term effects of RT-SWIM, the limited existing data present improvements in front crawl swimming performance, dry-land upper and lower body maximum strength, and peak power in swim turn. Accordingly, SWIM-RT training order induces swimming performance improvements in front crawl and increments in maximum dry-land upper and lower body strength. Concurrent application of RT-SWIM or SWIM-RT training applied within a training day leads in similar performance gains after six to twelve weeks of training. The current review suggests that recovery duration between RT and SWIM is a predisposing factor that may determine the training outcome. Competitive swimmers may benefit after concurrent application with both training order scenarios during a training cycle.

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Nata, Anggri Dwi, Achmad Sofyan Hanif, and Abdul Sukur. "Model Technique on Grabstart Swimming Branch using Video Media for Deaf-Children." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.4.1.54-58.

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The goal of this study was to produce a grabstart swimming training model using video media in deaf children and to determine the effectiveness, efficiency and attractiveness of the training model. This study uses adopted model from Research & Development by Borg and Gall. Subjects of the study were 40 deaf children consisting of 20 experimental groups and 20 control groups. The instrument used was a swimming-start skill test. The research steps were needs-analysis, expert evaluation, small and large group-test. The effectiveness test determines the level of deaf swimming-start skills of children after being given a grabstart swimming training model. Based on the average pretest-posttest value of the experimental group that were 49.92 to 56.18, there was an increase of 6.26 while the average value of the pretest-posttest control group was 50.02 to 52.20 with an increase of 2.18. Thus, it could be seen that training using the grabstart swimming training model using video media is more effective than the control group. We concluded that (1) the grabstart training model of swimming sports using video media can be developed and applied to deaf children, (2) the grabstart training model of swimming sport using video media is effective in improving the deaf children's swimming-start skills.

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Hlukhov, I. "General characteristics of training programs at different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students of higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(138) (July 27, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.7(138).08.

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Within the increasing of practical significance and efficiency of physical education, it is necessary to develop certain methodic thesis and programs of swimming training for students of higher education institutions and to carry out these experimental checks. Purpose: to provide a general description of training programs at different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students of higher education institutions. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization (it was clarified the degree of disclosure research issues in the scientific and methodological literature), study of documentary materials (it was founded requirements to the structure and content of student swimming training), system analysis (it was detected signs and characteristics of swimming system for students of higher education institutions). Results. Within the methodical part of the swimming training system, we have identified the possibility of using in the natural environment the educational process of physical education for students of four interconnected by type of sequential combination of training programs. This programs cover different levels of individual and motivational orientation of swimming lessons for students of higher education institutions and, accordingly, swimming preparedness. Considering, that the means and methods of swimming are widely known and thoroughly disclosed in the special literature, our attention we turned to setting tasks for individual classes of different, consistently combined programs at the individual and motivational levels of swimming training system students of higher education institutions. Conclusions. Within the implementation of the methodical component of the swimming training system for students of the higher education institutions, it have been identified four individual and motivational levels of classes. For each of these levels it was carried out a selection of goals, tasks, means and methods of training. For students at the first level, the characteristic difference is the presence of a significant fear of being in the water and the lack of ability to swim. For students at the second level - a low level of fear of being in the water and lack of ability to swim. For students at the third level - the presence of skills to stay afloat and swim in any way (original methods without the use of swimming techniques or a separate style of swimming). For students at the fourth level - the possession of swimming skills and the desire to engage and improve techniques in the future.

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Hermosilla, Francisco, Ross Sanders, Fernando González-Mohíno, Inmaculada Yustres, and José M. González-Rave. "Effects of Dry-Land Training Programs on Swimming Turn Performance: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179340.

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Swimming coaches have prescribed dry-land training programs over the years to improve the overall swimming performance (starts, clean swimming, turns and finish). The main aim of the present systematic review was to examine the effects of dry-land strength and conditioning programs on swimming turns. Four online databases were scrutinised, data were extracted using the Preferred PRISMA guidelines and the PEDro scale was applied. A total of 1259 articles were retrieved from database searches. From the 19 studies which were full-text evaluated, six studies were included in the review process. The review indicated that plyometric, strength, ballistic and core training programs were implemented for improving swimming turn performance. Strength, ballistic and plyometric training focusing on neural enhancement seem to be effective for improving swimming turn performance. The data related to training of the core were not conclusive. Coaches should consider incorporating exercises focusing on improving the neuromuscular factor of the leg-extensor muscles into their daily dry-land training programs. More researches are needed to provide a better understanding of the training methods effects and training organisations for improving swimming turn performance.

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Shaw, Gregory, Kevin T. Boyd, Louise M. Burke, and Anu Koivisto. "Nutrition for Swimming." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0015.

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Swimming is a sport that requires considerable training commitment to reach individual performance goals. Nutrition requirements are specific to the macrocycle, microcycle, and individual session. Swimmers should ensure suitable energy availability to support training while maintaining long term health. Carbohydrate intake, both over the day and in relation to a workout, should be manipulated (3–10g/kg of body mass/day) according to the fuel demands of training and the varying importance of undertaking these sessions with high carbohydrate availability. Swimmers should aim to consume 0.3g of high-biological-value protein per kilogram of body mass immediately after key sessions and at regular intervals throughout the day to promote tissue adaptation. A mixed diet consisting of a variety of nutrient-dense food choices should be sufficient to meet the micronutrient requirements of most swimmers. Specific dietary supplements may prove beneficial to swimmers in unique situations, but should be tried only with the support of trained professionals. All swimmers, particularly adolescent and youth swimmers, are encouraged to focus on a well-planned diet to maximize training performance, which ensures sufficient energy availability especially during periods of growth and development. Swimmers are encouraged to avoid rapid weight fluctuations; rather, optimal body composition should be achieved over longer periods by modest dietary modifications that improve their food choices. During periods of reduced energy expenditure (taper, injury, off season) swimmers are encouraged to match energy intake to requirement. Swimmers undertaking demanding competition programs should ensure suitable recovery practices are used to maintain adequate glycogen stores over the entirety of the competition period.

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PARMAR, DINESH. "The Effect of Plymetrich Training on the Competitive Swimming Bloch Start." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/113.

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Lapierre, Stephanie, Brett Baker, and Hirofumi Tanaka. "Age-related Changes in Training Stimuli and Performance in Masters Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 11 (August 21, 2018): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0608-3568.

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AbstractAge-related decreases in performance are thought to be driven by decreases in exercise training stimuli. We determined the influence of changes in training stimuli with advancing age on swimming performance using cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses. Totals of 692 and 98 competitive swimmers belonging to the US Masters Swimming Association were analyzed in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Swimming times increased with advancing age, and age was the strongest predictor of swimming performance, followed by training volume, in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. In the cross-sectional data analyses, an increase in training volume by 10 km/month, was associated with improved performance by 0.69 s regardless of age. In the longitudinal analyses, training volume was not a significant predictor for younger swimmers. In middle-aged swimmers, however, increases in training volume resulted in faster swimming times, and its effect was more pronounced in older swimmers. We concluded that there was a graded positive relationship between yearly increases in training volume and improved swimming performance, and that such effects were greater with advancing age.

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Hluhov, I. "Basic methodical provisions for swimming training of students higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(134) (April 16, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.4(134).05.

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Analysis of data on swimming training and determination of system components allow to assert the need to do appropriate methodical support. Purpose: to generalize the content of the basic methodical provisions of swimming training for integration into the education system of students higher education institutions. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, study of documentary materials, system analysis. Results. It is recommended to division of classes into the following types: training, training-game, game, individual training, control, mass bathing. This step is done for providing methodically correct swimming training. Significant experience in the implementation of swimming training tasks for different groups of population is defined by the availability of thorough information of educational and methodical nature. The issue of swimming training as an integral part of personal development has received considerable attention since the middle of the twentieth century. In the sequence of training, in addition of stages, it is necessary to provide the degree of assimilation educational material. In general, we can offer a scheme in the form of "new element - development - consolidation - control - a new element." In the educational process, it is recommended to form at students a sufficient arsenal of specific swimming actions. There was identified need to combine technical exercises into complexes defined by target installations. Changing the speed of movement, tempo-rhythmic execution of movements (in full coordination or different biolanks) are regulators for observance of methodical tasks. Conclusions. The generalization of scientific and methodical literature gives us reason to assert the existence of an extremely large number of information sources on swimming training for different groups of the population. In order to avoid duplication of fundamental approaches to swimming training and adhering to the paradigm of this process in the methodical component should focus on the content of successive tasks of different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students. To swimming training of student youth and maintain content priorities, it is necessary to focus on achieving a certain level of skill in accordance with the goals of a certain individual and motivational level of classes. The basic prerequisites are the laying the broad technical base, which provides mastering and improvement different ways of swimming techniques and gradual increase of physical fitness and improvement of the physical qualities development.

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Muthusamy, Sivaguru, Ambusam Subramaniam, and K. Balasubramanian. "EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZED TRAINING AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN IMPROVING SWIMMING PERFORMANCE AMONG COLLEGIATE SWIMMERS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, Spl-1- GCSGD_2020 (March 25, 2021): S125—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(spl-1-gcsgd_2020).s125.s132.

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Previous researches have been conducted to determine the types of training to improve swimming performance. Nevertheless, no study has been done on the individualized training approach among swimmers. Hence, this study aimed (i) to examine the effects of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance (ii) to examine the effects of combined respiratory muscle training with individualized training on swimming performance, and (iii) to compare the differences between the isolated respiratory muscle training, combined intervention of respiratory muscle training with individualized training and usual training on swimming performance. For this, 45 collegiate swimmers with no previous injuries and swims regularly for at least 1 hour per week participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups; Group A: Respiratory muscle training and Individualized Training, Group B: Respiratory muscle training alone, and Group C: Usual training session. The difference within the groups after four weeks of the intervention was analyzed using Paired T-test, while the differences between intervention groups were analyzed using repeated measure two-way ANOVA. Both the intervention groups (Group A and B) showed significant improvement after four weeks of intervention, whereas in group comparison, Group A showed tremendous improvement in swimming performance (F (17,238) = 8.385, p<0.05, np2 = 0.375). Thus, the current study has proven that the combination of respiratory muscle training with individualized training could further enhance the swimming performance in terms of heart rate, Vo2 max, stroke volume, perceived exertion, and SWOLF score. Future studies on athletic swimmers with a larger sample size are recommended to further examine the individualized training approach.

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Nugent, Frank J., Thomas M. Comyns, and Giles D. Warrington. "Quality Versus Quantity Debate in Swimming: Perceptions and Training Practices of Expert Swimming Coaches." Journal of Human Kinetics 57, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0056.

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AbstractThe debate over low-volume, high-intensity training versus high-volume, low-intensity training, commonly known as Quality versus Quantity, respectively, is a frequent topic of discussion among swimming coaches and academics. The aim of this study was to explore expert coaches’ perceptions of quality and quantity coaching philosophies in competitive swimming and to investigate their current training practices. A purposeful sample of 11 expert swimming coaches was recruited for this study. The study was a mixed methods design and involved each coach participating in 1 semi-structured interview and completing 1 closed-ended questionnaire. The main findings of this study were that coaches felt quality training programmes would lead to short term results for youth swimmers, but were in many cases more appropriate for senior swimmers. The coaches suggested that quantity training programmes built an aerobic base for youth swimmers, promoted technical development through a focus on slower swimming and helped to enhance recovery from training or competition. However, the coaches continuously suggested that quantity training programmes must be performed with good technique and they felt this was a misunderstood element. This study was a critical step towards gaining a richer and broader understanding on the debate over Quality versus Quantity training from an expert swimming coaches’ perspective which was not currently available in the research literature.

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Amara, Sofiene, Tiago Manuel Barbosa, Oussama Gaied Chortane, Raouf Hammami, Ahmed Attia, Sabri Gaied Chortane, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Lower Body Strength, Leg Kick Swimming, and Sport-Specific Performance in Competitive Swimmers." Biology 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020299.

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The present study investigated the effect of 9 weeks of combined resistance training (aquatic and dry land resistance) on maximum lower body strength, leg kick, and swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Twenty-two male national competitive swimmers were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group (EG: age = 16.2 ± 0.3 years) or control group (CG: age = 16.3 ± 0.3 years). The EG performed a combined resistance training while the CG group completed their usual training. One repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, 30 m leg kick, and swimming performance (100 m front crawl, start and turn) were evaluated in pre and post test. The findings showed a significant increase in 1RM back squat (d = 1.90; 14.94 ± 1.32%) after 9 weeks of combined resistance training. In addition, ours results revealed a significant improvement in 30 m leg kick swimming (d = 2.11; 5.84 ± 0.16%) and in all swimming, start and turn performances (d = 1.83 to 2.77; 2.69 ± 0.18% to 15.14 ± 1.06%) in EG. All dependent variables remained unchanged in the CG. To sum up, 9 weeks of combined resistance training can improve the maximum lower body strength and leg kick swimming performance. These improvements can be the essential factors that subsequently positively affected swimming, start and turn performances. Combined resistance training is an effective training that can be incorporated by coaches and swimmers into their programs to improve strength, leg kick swimming, and, subsequently, swimming performance in competitive swimmers.

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Muhammad Firdaus, Abdul Sukur, Hernawan, and Rizka Antoni. "The development of training model of backstroke swimming skills for children age 8-10 years old." Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/gjik.131.01.

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The research aims to result in the development of training model of backstroke swimming skills for children aged 8-10years. The subjects in this research and development were trainees of children aged 8-10 years in Elsa Nasution Swimming Club and Tirta Jaya Banten. The research method used was the research and development model from Borg and Gall. The data collection technique used was the result of expert validation and effectiveness test through an assessment instrument with t-test statistical data analysis. The results of research and development of Training Model of Backstroke Swimming Skills for Children Age 8-10 Years Old showed that (1) The Development of Training Model of Backstroke Swimming Skills for Children Age 8-10 Years Old Children significantly improved the backstroke swimming skills of trainees, (2) Based on data analysis the average pre-test value was 9.9 and the post-test average was 17.2, 2.233 t-value -20,679 with a significance level of 0.05, it can be said that the Development of Training Model of Backstroke Swimming Skills for Children aged 8-10 Years can improve backstroke swimming skills and effective to be applied in the process of backstroke swimming training for children age 8-10 years old.

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Alp, Mahmut, and Gurhan Suna. "Effects of Interval Sprint Trainings on Heart Rate and 50 m Swimming Performances of Young Male Swimmers." Journal of Education and Learning 9, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n2p242.

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Achieving superior performance in swimming, as in other sports, depends on the customization of training for young athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sprint interval trainings on heart rate and 50 m swimming performances of young male swimmers. 24 young male swimmers joined to the study by having their parents confirm the “Parental Permission Form”. Swimmers randomly divided into two groups as normal training group and interval sprint training group. As normal training group continued the routine swimming training, interval sprint trainings (8 x 50 interval repeats in crawl and backstroke styles) were applied to the other group additionally for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, at least 30 min a day. Rested-maximum heart rate, 50 m sprint swimming test in crawl and backstroke styles were applied to the swimmers in 1st and 8th weeks of the period. The analysis of data was made in the statistical package program by using “Descriptive statistics”, “Paired t Test” and “Independent t Test” for comparison. Results of pre- and post-test comparison of each group, significant differences were found in resting heart rate values of normal training group and all values of interval sprint training group (p < .05). Results of comparison between groups, differences found statistically significant in 8th week maximum heart rate, crawl and backstroke performances (p < .05). To conclude, we could say that the reason of finding significant differences in rested and maximum heart rate is the positive effects of physical activity on the cardio-vascular system (adaptation). And, the reason for the positive effects on sprint interval performance is depended on sprint interval swimming was acute origination of body’s physiological reaction to rising energy need during short time and intensive physical activity even in micro plan.

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Amon Sandri Purba and Irwansyah Siregar. "PENGARUH FAST INTERVAL TRAINING (FIT) TERHADAP HASIL KECEPATAN RENANG GAYA BEBAS 100 METER PADA ATLET K.U II LUMBA-LUMBA SWIMMING CLUB BINJAI TAHUN 2021." Journal Physical Health Recreation 2, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55081/jphr.v2i1.516.

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This research was carried out at the Swimming Club Binjai Dolphins at the Tirta Raerim Mencharm swimming pool in the Peacock Meadows, North Sumatra. held on November 10 to January 28, 2021 for 8 weeks with a frequency of 2 times a week.This study aims to determine the effect of fast interval training (FIT) on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the K.U II Dolphin Swimming Club Binjai. The research method used in this study is an experimental method with a sample of 8 people with a purposive sampling research design. Then the sample did an initial test (pre-test), namely with a 100-meter swimming test, then the sample was given Fast Interval Training (FIT) training then after 8 weeks of programmed exercise the sample did a final test (post-test).The results of the analysis of the hypothesis, that there is a significant effect of fast interval training (FIT) training on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the K.U II Dolphin Swimming Club Binjai athletes. 2021 year. The results of the t-test obtained tcount = 0.3096 and t-table = 0.258. At the real level = 0.05 then t-count > t-table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, HO is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of Fast Interval Training (FIT) on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the KU II Lumba-lumba Swimming Club Binjai athletes 2021.

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Zhang, Yansheng, and Chunying Zhao. "FEEDBACK OF BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF BLOOD SUGAR CONTROL BY SWIMMING EXERCISE." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 4 (August 2021): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0094.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: According to the metabolic characteristics of ultra-long-distance swimming and the characteristics of energy utilization and absorption during exercise, we have formulated a nutritional supplement plan for crossing to study the influence of swimming sports on blood sugar and give biochemical feedback indicators. Objective: To lay a foundation for studying the nutrition supplement rules during long-term exercise by taking the athletes’ blood after training to determine the changes in blood sugar, adjusting and determining the nutritional supplement plan during training. Methods: We monitor athletes’ physical function changes and biochemical indicators during training and study the changes of these biochemical indicators and athletes’ physical functions after long-term swimming exercises to scientifically arrange the exercise intensity and load during the training period. Results: The urine indexes after exercise did not change much, reflecting the exercise load's low intensity. The changes in blood lactic acid and blood urea indexes after exercise also confirmed this. During the training period, the athletes’ hemoglobin and red blood cell parameters are in the ideal range, indicating that the athlete's physical function is in good condition. During the training period, the training load intensity and load are reasonable according to ultra-long-distance swimming's energy supply characteristics. After training, the changes in blood glucose indicators reflect that the nutritional supplement program we formulated for athletes is reasonable and feasible. Conclusions: By monitoring the blood sugar and biochemical indicators of swimmers, it can help athletes to arrange exercise intensity scientifically and load during the training period, to better carry out open water competitions in China, and to arrange training and scientific nutrition during the training period scientifically. Lay the foundation for the establishment of nutrition supplement theory and training theory for super long-time sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

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Safari, Mohammad Amin, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Rasoul Rezaei, Hadi Aligholi, and Serge Brand. "The Effect of Swimming on Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Corticosterone in Stressed and Unstressed Rats." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186675.

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This study assessed the effect of swimming training on anxiety-like behaviors and corticosterone. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five study conditions: swimming training (ST); exposure to chronic mild stress (CS); exposure to chronic mild stress followed by swimming training (CS + ST); exposure to chronic mild stress followed by a recovery period (CS + recovery); control. The exercise training consisted of 60 min of swimming exercise per day, for five days a week, and four consecutive weeks. A chronic mild stress program (CMS) was applied for a period of four weeks. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by open field test (OFT). The number of excrements and blood corticosterone were used as physiological parameters of anxiety. To assess corticosterone, blood samples were taken 48 h after the last session of experiments. Compared to other study conditions, the lowest anxiety-like behaviors and corticosterone concentrations were observed in the ST condition in unstressed rats. In stressed rats, as in the ST + CS group, swimming training probably reduced some anxiety behaviors, but the results showed increased corticosterone compared to control and CS + Recovery. Anxiety parameters and corticosterone concentrations were greatest in the CS condition. In the ST group, anxiety parameters were less than for the ST + CS group. In the CS + Recovery group, anxiety parameters were less than for the CS group. In summary, self-paced swimming training could attenuate some anxiety parameters in both stressed and non-stressed rats. The effect of swimming training in unstressed rats was more prominent than in stressed rats. In stressed rats, a period of recovery was more effective than swimming training in reducing corticosterone. Mechanisms of anxiety reduction other than cortisol should be investigated in future research.

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Sadowski, Jerzy, Andrzej Mastalerz, Wilhelm Gromisz, and Tomasz Niźnikowski. "Effectiveness of the Power Dry-Land Training Programmes in Youth Swimmers." Journal of Human Kinetics 32, no. 1 (May 1, 2012): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0025-5.

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Effectiveness of the Power Dry-Land Training Programmes in Youth Swimmers The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the dry-land power training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in youth swimmers. Twenty six male swimmers, free from injuries and training regularly at least 6 times a week, were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental (n=14, mean age 14.0 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.67±0.08 m and mean body mass 55.71 ±9.55 kg) and control (n=12, mean age 14.1 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.61±0.11 m and mean body mass 49.07 ±8.25 kg). The experimental group took part in a combined swimming and dry-land power training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The training programmes in water included a dominant aerobic work in front crawl. In this research the experimental group tended to present slightly greater improvements in sprint performance. However, the stroke frequency insignificantly decreased (-4.30%, p>0.05) in the experimental group and increased (6.28%, p>0.05) in the control group. The distance per stroke insignificantly increased in the experimental group (5.98%, p>0.05) and insignificantly decreased in the control group (-5.36%, p>0.05). A significant improvement of tethered swimming force for the experimental group (9.64%, p<0.02) was found, whereas the increase was not statistically significant in the control group (2.86%, p>0.05). The main data cannot clearly state that power training allowed an enhancement in swimming performance, although a tendency to improve swimming performance in tethered swimming was noticed.

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Dakal, N., K. Smirnov, O. Cherevychko, and Igor Sikorsky. "FEATURES OF TEACHING SWIMMING TECHNIQUES OF STUDENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF TRAINING." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(136) (May 22, 2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).01.

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In the stattі of rozkrito special features of the technology of swimming of students-sailors at different stages of training. The statistic has seen the formulation of the technique of an athlete-swimming from the point of view of the dynamic dynamics, and it has been established that the complex process of sports training from swimming can be cleverly adapted to the period. It is emphasized that when swimming technology is introduced, it is necessary to use the lines, holding out which swimmers will take away the latest sports results. Immediately before the start of classes in the pool with students was an introductory lecture, which focused on the impact of swimming on the human body, determined its health value, on different ways of swimming, including applied, rules of conduct in the pool. Analysis of the training of outstanding swimmers of today in the vast majority of cases shows that for many years a diverse functional base was created, and only in its presence and with the achievement of optimal age to demonstrate higher achievements, the most powerful training reserves are realized. Strict adherence to the principles of sequence of increasing the training load is of great importance in the process of planning long-term training. In this case, training loads at all stages of training generally correspond to the functional capabilities of the athlete, which contributes to a systematic increase in the level of training.

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Mohanalakshm, Dr P. "Effects of Swimming Combined Training on Lipid Profiles in Male Adolescent Swimmers." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 11 (November 22, 2016): 14071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i11.89.

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Aspenes, Stian Thoresen, and Trine Karlsen. "Exercise-Training Intervention Studies in Competitive Swimming." Sports Medicine 42, no. 6 (June 2012): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11630760-000000000-00000.

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TANAKA, HIROFUMI, DAVID L. COSTILL, ROBERT THOMAS, WILLIAM J. FINK, and JEFFREY J. WIDRICK. "Dry-land resistance training for competitive swimming." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, no. 8 (August 1993): 952???959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199308000-00011.

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Monteiro, Cristina P., José Pedro Morgado, Maria Teresa Seixas, Marta Alvim, Mafalda Bourbon, Júlia Teles, Joana Filipa Reis, Catarina Nunes Matias, Maria José Laires, and Francisco Alves. "Immune Response To Long Term Swimming Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000488094.09976.3e.

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Girold, Sébastien, Paul Calmels, Didier Maurin, Nicolas Milhau, and Jean-Claude Chatard. "Assisted and Resisted Sprint Training in Swimming." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 3 (2006): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/r-16754.1.

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GIROLD, SÉBASTIEN, PAUL CALMELS, DIDIER MAURIN, NICOLAS MILHAU, and JEAN-CLAUDE CHATARD. "ASSISTED AND RESISTED SPRINT TRAINING IN SWIMMING." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 3 (August 2006): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200608000-00015.

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Bales, James, and Karrn Bales. "Swimming Overuse Injuries Associated With Triathlon Training." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 20, no. 4 (December 2012): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsa.0b013e318261093b.

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Pope, James R., and Brian J. Mihalik. "A Training Program for Swimming Pool Operators." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 56, no. 7 (September 1985): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1985.10604278.

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Pupišová, Zuzana, Vladimír Franek, and Jaroslav Kompán. "Organism response to load in swimming training." Slovak Journal of Sport Science 7, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/sjss.2021.7.2.31-39.

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Martinescu-Bădălan, Fabiana. "Study on the Importance of Land-Centered Training for the Freestyle Swimming Technique for Military Students." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0094.

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Abstract Swimming is a very important component of the military training. This can be proven by the fact that swimming is a beneficial sport for the human body because the joints are not tensed like in running, increases heart rate, but also stimulates blood circulation. At the same time, while swimming, absolutely all muscle groups are involved, which means automatically shaping them and, over time, increasing the body’s resistance. The study found the following: • students’ results at the 50 m freestyle swimming test are positively influenced if an additional training program is respected; • additional physical training leads to improved performance.

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González-Ravé, José María, Anthony P. Turner, and Shaun M. Phillips. "Adaptations to Swimming Training in Athletes with Down’s Syndrome." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249175.

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Swimming training programs may help to limit declines in cardiovascular conditioning, muscle strength, mobility and social functioning in individuals with Down’s Syndrome (DS): (1) Background: This study aims to analyze the effects of a periodized swimming training program on swimming speed, lower body force and power and body composition in a group of swimmers with DS; (2) Methods: Nine swimmers with DS (2 men and 7 women; aged 21–30 years-old) completed an 18-week periodized swimming program. The swimmers were assessed, pre and post-training, for 25 m, 50 m and 100 m freestyle swim performance, countermovement jump performance and body composition; (3) Results: Significant and large improvements in 25 m (mean −6.39%, p < 0.05, d = 1.51), 50 m (mean −4.95%, p < 0.01, d = 2.08) and 100 m (mean −3.08%, p < 0.05, d = 1.44) freestyle performance were observed following training, with no significant changes in body composition or consistent changes in jump performance (although a large mean 14.6% decrease in relative peak force, p < 0.05, d = 1.23) (4) Conclusions: A periodized 18-week training intervention may improve swimming performance in a small group of trained swimmers with DS, with less clear changes in jump performance or body composition. This program provides a training profile for coaches working with swimmers with DS and a platform for further research into the benefits of swimming training with this under-represented population.

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Budrienė, Lina, Vaida Karpavičiūtė, and Vilma Dudonienė. "Functional Training Effect on Functional Movements and Physical Capacity in 10 to 13-Year-Old Children Attending Swimming Activities." Reabilitacijos mokslai: slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 1, no. 24 (August 20, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v1i24.1072.

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Background. Functional training is used both in rehabilitation - to restore lost functions, and in professional sports - to improve results in competitions. Functional training is characterized by complex training of physical features, and it develops specific movements. The aim was to evaluate functional training effect on functional movements, static endurance of trunk muscles and dynamic balance in children aged 10 to 13 attending swimming activities. Methods. The study involved 24 children in the age group of 10–13 who attended swimming activities 5 times a week. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: subject (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Participants of the subject group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed functional training of 10-week once a week with supervision of a physiotherapist. The participants of the control group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed a routine swimmer training of 10-week once a week in the gym under the supervision of a sports coach. Static endurance, dynamic balance, leg muscle’s explosive force and swimming competition results corresponding to the time interval of the beginning and end of the study were assessed before and after the interventions. Results. All the evaluated indicators had tendency to improve, but significant differences between the results of the two groups were found in the static endurance of the abdomen and trunk lateral muscles, dynamic balance, functional movements, long jump results and 50-meter swimming results. Conclusion. Functional training under the supervision of a physiotherapist can significantly improve the functional and physical capacity of children attending swimming activities. Keywords: physical characteristics, functional training, endurance, balance, functional movements.

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Gönener, Ahmet, Utku Gönener, Ozan Yılmaz, Tuğçe Horoz, and Deniz Demirci. "The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers’ 100 m freestyle swimming performance." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 3950. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4825.

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The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p<0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years.

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Alagöz, İsmet, Sema Can, Erkan Demirkan, Tuğrul Özkadı, and Emre Demir. "Effect of different training models on motoric and swimming performance in prepubescent swimmers." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 25, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0503.

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Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different training programs on the improvement of motoric and swimming performance prepubescent swimmers. Material and Methods. Forty-five children between the ages of 9 -11 years with at least 2 years of training experiences, participated in the study. Three different [(1) dry-land with elastic resistance band group + swimming (ERB); (2) dry-land without elastic resistance band (DL) + swimming and (3) swimming group (SG) with swimming training alone] training group were formed. And a 12-week training program was implemented thought the study. Biceps, chest, waist, hip, thigh body circumference measurements were taken from all participants. Vertical jump (VJ), flexed-arm strength (FAS), speed, upper body strength (UBS), Standing horizontal jump (SHJ), flexibility, aerobic endurance (AE), balance, and 50 m freestyle swimming (FS) score were tested on the participants. As statistical analysis, normality and homogeneity of variance assumption were checked (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively). A non-normal distribution was found. The values of each variable were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and median. The training effects within the groups were evaluated using analyses of Friedman for repeated measures and the level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results. There was a significant difference in SHJ, UBS, FAS, speed, and FS score among the assessment times 1-3 and 1-4 in both of ERB and DL training groups (p<0.05). ERB and DL training were significantly effective compared to the SG on VJ, FAS, speed, UBS, and freestyle swimming performance (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study findings showed that DL training more effected relatively on motoric performance.

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Osváth, Péter, Miklós Szűcs, Denise Börzsei, Renáta Szabó, Zelma Nadin Lesi, Zsolt Turcsán, Médea Veszelka, et al. "Andrological Aspects of Exercise: Moderate Swimming Protects against Isoproterenol Induced Testis and Semen Abnormalities in Rats." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030436.

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The development and progression of male infertility are closely linked to a sedentary lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the protective effects of moderate swimming exercise on the male reproductive system in isoproterenol-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-interventional controls (CTRL), (2) isoproterenol-treated (ISO), (3) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO (PRE + ISO), (4) ISO + post-treatment swimming training (ISO+POST), (5) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO + post-treatment swimming training (PRE + ISO + POST) groups. Testicular oxidative stress was induced by ISO injection (1.0 mg/kg). Rats in the pre- or post-training groups were trained five days a week. At the end of the experimental period, serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and total glutathione (GSH) content, as well as myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen, were measured. Serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and GSH content were found to be significantly reduced, while MPO, TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen were elevated after the ISO treatment compared to the CTRL group. Moderate-intensity swimming exercise effectively alleviated the negative effects of high oxidative stress. Our findings provide the first evidence that moderate-intensity swimming exercise confers sustained protection from isoproterenol-induced adverse effects on testicular inflammation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swimming – Training'

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