Journal articles: 'Swimming methods'

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Petukhova, Evgeniia. "METHODS OF WATER DECONTAMINATION IN SWIMMING POOLS." PNRPU Construction and Architecture Bulletin 8, no. 2 (2017): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2017.2.04.

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Bayyat, Manal M., Samira M. Orabi, and Mohammad H. Abu Altaieb. "Life Skills Acquired in Relation to Teaching Methods Used Through Swimming Context." Asian Social Science 12, no. 6 (May 20, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p223.

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This study aims: (1) to examine life skills acquired by students attending different levels of swimming courses. (2) To investigate the relation between teaching/learning methods used by swimming teachers and the level of life skills acquired. The population of this study were students who attended one of the three levels of the swimming courses in the Faculty of Physical Education /University of Jordan (n= 236). The sample of the study consisted of 142 students. Both “Life skills through swimming context scale” and “Teaching/ Learning methods in swimming context scale” were used to collect the required data. The data was analyzed using descriptive and statistical analysis. Results showed that the sample acquired the life skills through swimming context on a high level scale. Students believed that communication and self-confidence/self-esteem were the most important skills acquired (86%), followed by teamwork (85%), decision-making/responsibility (84%) and problem-solving (80%). There was a significant relation between life skills acquired and the teaching/ learning methodologies used including brainstorming, demonstration and guided practice, small groups, games and situation analysis. Therefore swimming context using the efficient participatory teaching methods proved to have a positive effect on life skills and youth development.

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Gollock, Matthew J., Kristopher J. Hunter, Douglas A. Syme, Marcus Freeman, R. Scott McKinley, and A. Kurt Gamperl. "Potential methods for measuring the activity patterns and energy use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 7 (July 2009): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-062.

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As there are no commercially available acoustic telemetry devices for quantifying the swimming activity and activity-related metabolic expenditures of a wide range of marine species, we (i) examined the suitability of three methods (electromyography; sonomicrometry; and tail differential pressure tags (DPT)) for measuring the swimming speed of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), and indirectly, metabolic rate (MO2) and (ii) measured the activity pattern of free-swimming cod carrying the DPT. All three methods yielded significant relationships with swim speed during a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) test. However, only the DPT was able to discern between swimming speed differences of 0.1 body lengths (BL)·s–1 and provide a strong relationship with MO2. Further, we found that free-swimming cod fitted with the DPT swam at an average speed of 0.33 BL·s–1, the speed previously reported to result in minimal cost of transport for this species. While the DPT has considerable potential for assessing the bioenergetics of marine fishes, the swimming economy of tagged Atlantic cod was lower above 0.4 BL·s–1 as compared with untagged fish, and Ucrit was reduced by 25%. These latter effects are likely related to the tag’s present size (39 g) and design.

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BALAN, Valeria, and Anna Maria ION. "Organizing the Swimming Traineeship by Using Coaching Methods." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.

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Currently, the educational activity of a teacher is always facing many challenges to which teacher must respond and timely resolve. Training for an educational career starts since the first academic year and continues during all the study years within the license cycle. But the student should not be trained only at theoretical level but also to be put in the situation to apply the theoretical knowledge and skills acquired, during the traineeships. Such traineeships shall develop under the coordination of a group of experts who help the student and render him/her in the role of instructional – educational process coordinator. To this end, the group of experts benefits of a set of coaching methods that facilitates the activity during the traineeship. Those methods could not be arbitrary used but in connection to the traineeship contents and goals. All such initiative has the role to prepare the student for the educational career he/she opted for.

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Wakeling, James M. "Computational methods for the analysis of swimming biomechanics." Experimental Biology Online 5, no. 2 (December 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-000-0002-7.

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Miranda, Humberto, Paolo Sirieiro, Igor Nasser, Gabriel Andrade Paz, and Ward Dobbs. "Different Methods Of Post Activation Potential On Swimming." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000682808.34969.0d.

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Grigoriou, Rafaila, Thomas Nikodelis, Dimitris Kugiumtzis, and Iraklis Kollias. "Classification methods can identify external constrains in swimming." Journal of Biomechanics 82 (January 2019): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.036.

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Bogdanoviča, Irina, and Viesturs Lāriņš. "BACKSTROKE TEACHING METHODS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN WITH RESIDUAL PRIMITIVE REFLEXES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 28, 2021): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol4.6256.

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There are studies suggesting that primitive reflexes can remain active in healthy children. Formal backstroke teaching is a part of many aquatic curriculum program. Even though the links with a problem during swimming learning with retained primitive reflexes were mentioned, there are no studies about effect of different backstroke teaching methods in healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Aim of the study is to define the effect of teaching methods for backstroke in healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Subjects: 6-7 years old healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Methods: A part practice backstroke teaching method for the first group (12 children) has been focused on teaching of separate components (leg kicks, arm pulls, and breathing) before fitting them together, while another 12 participants in second group learnt backstroke separate components of arm-to-leg integration before combining them together inside of cycle. After 12 weeks of practice backstroke proficiency and heart rate during maximal continuous backstroke swimming were analyzed. The obtained results show significant differences between the two groups. The results of the second group are linked with better backstroke proficiency, significantly longer swimming distance and lower heart rate during swimming.

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Obrazhey, Olga. "Consideration of the Somatotype in the Development of Primary Teaching Swimming Methods of Children." PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS AND HEALTH CULTURE IN MODERN SOCIETY, no. 4 (2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-04-29-34.

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Podrihalo, Olha, Leonid Podrigalo, Władysław Jagiełło, Sergii Iermakov, and Tetiana Yermakova. "Substantiation of Methods for Predicting Success in Artistic Swimming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 8739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168739.

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To develop a methodology for predicting success in artistic swimming based on a set of morphofunctional indicators and indices, 30 schoolgirls, average age (12.00 ± 0.22), were divided into two groups. Group 1: 15 athletes, training experience 4–5 years. Group 2: 15 schoolgirls without training experience. For each participant, we determined the length and weight of the body, the circumference of the chest, vital lung capacity, and the circumference of the biceps in a tense and at rest. The Erisman index, biceps index, and the ratio of proper and actual vital lung capacity was calculated. Them, we conducted the Stange and Genchi hypoxic tests, and flexibility tests for “Split”, “Crab position”, and “Forward bend”. Prediction was conducted using the Wald test with the calculation of predictive coefficients and their informativeness. A predictive table containing results of functional tests and indices of artistic swimming athletes is developed. It includes nine criteria, which informativeness varied in the range of 395.70–31.98. The content of the prediction consists of evaluating the results, determining the appropriate predictive coefficient, and summing these coefficients before reaching one of the predictive thresholds. The conducted research allowed us to substantiate and develop a method for predicting the success of female athletes with the use of morphofunctional indicators and indices.

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Shanbrom, Corey, Jonas Balisacan, George Wilkens, and Monique Chyba. "Geometric Methods for Efficient Planar Swimming of Copepod Nauplii." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060706.

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Copepod nauplii are larval crustaceans with important ecological functions. Due to their small size, they experience an environment of low Reynolds number within their aquatic habitat. Here we provide a mathematical model of a swimming copepod nauplius with two legs moving in a plane. This model allows for both rotation and two-dimensional displacement by the periodic deformation of the swimmer’s body. The system is studied from the framework of optimal control theory, with a simple cost function designed to approximate the mechanical energy expended by the copepod. We find that this model is sufficiently realistic to recreate behavior similar to those of observed copepod nauplii, yet much of the mathematical analysis is tractable. In particular, we show that the system is controllable, but there exist singular configurations where the degree of non-holonomy is non-generic. We also partially characterize the abnormal extremals and provide explicit examples of families of abnormal curves. Finally, we numerically simulate normal extremals and observe some interesting and surprising phenomena.

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Peterson Silveira, Soares, Zacca, Alves, Fernandes, de Souza Castro, and Vilas-Boas. "A Biophysical Analysis on the Arm Stroke Efficiency in Front Crawl Swimming: Comparing Methods and Determining the Main Performance Predictors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 26, 2019): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234715.

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Purpose: to compare different methods to assess the arm stroke efficiency (?F ), whenswimming front crawl using the arms only on the Measurement of Active Drag System (MADSystem) and in a free-swimming condition, and to identify biophysical adaptations to swimming onthe MAD System and the main biophysical predictors of maximal swimming speed in the 200 mfront crawl using the arms only (?200m). Methods: fourteen swimmers performed twice a 5 × 200 mincremental trial swimming the front crawl stroke using the arms only, once swimming freely, andonce swimming on the MAD System. The total metabolic power was assessed in both conditions.The biomechanical parameters were obtained from video analysis and force data recorded on theMAD System. The ?F was calculated using: (i) direct measures of mechanical and metabolic power(power-based method); (ii) forward speed/hand speed ratio (speed-based method), and (iii) thesimplified paddle-wheel model. Results: both methods to assess ?F on the MAD System differed (p< 0.001) from the expected values for this condition (?F = 1), with the speed-based method providingthe closest values (?F~0.96). In the free-swimming condition, the power-based (?F~0.75), speedbased(?F~0.62), and paddle-wheel (?F~0.39) efficiencies were significantly different (p < 0.001).Although all methods provided values within the limits of agreement, the speed-based methodprovided the closest values to the “actual efficiency”. The main biophysical predictors of ?200mwere included in two models: biomechanical (R2 = 0.98) and physiological (R2 = 0.98). Conclusions:our results suggest that the speed-based method provides the closest values to the “actual ?F” andconfirm that swimming performance depends on the balance of biomechanical and bioenergeticparameters

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Mische Lawson, Lisa, Julie D’Adamo, Kayle Campbell, Bethany Hermreck, Sarah Holz, Jenna Moxley, Kayla Nance, Megan Nolla, and Anna Travis. "A Qualitative Investigation of Swimming Experiences of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Families." Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 13 (January 2019): 117955651987221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179556519872214.

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Objective: To understand the swimming experience from the perspective of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Methods: We interviewed 12 diverse families using a semi-structured interview with follow-up probing questions related to their swimming experiences. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by researchers. Results: Themes included family water activities, safety, characteristics of ASD, instructional methods, swim skills, swimming preferences, barriers/challenges, and benefits of swimming. Findings indicate positive experiences and skill acquisition were prevalent when instructional methods matched a child’s unique needs. Parents revealed they were more confident in safety as their children’s swimming competence improved. Individualized instructional methods and unique characteristics of ASD may influence perceived safety.

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Pristiawati, Ani. "Pembelajaran Dengan Penggunaan Media Pada Renang Gaya Dada Mahasiswa PJKR Angkatan 2013 Di Stkip Pasundan Cimahi." Jurnal Olahraga 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37742/jo.v2i1.60.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in learning media for breaststroke swimming skills in swimming. The sample of this study consisted of 39 students majoring in Health and Recreation Physical Education, at STKIP Pasundan Cimahi. This research is an action research using a cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, evaluation and reflection. And the media used are noodle swimming and 1500 ml bottles. The results showed that (1) Overall the use of media was very helpful in learning to develop methods for breaststroke swimming skills. (2) There is an increase from cycle 1 to cycle 2 breaststroke swimming skills. (3) The use of noodle swimming and 1500 ml bottles, was successful because of increased breaststroke swimming skills. (4) The lack of learning media, can help add insight and methods of learning chest swimming

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Jia, Laibing, and Xiaopeng Chen. "Undulation locomotion analysis of fish in cruising swimming." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 14 (March 7, 2018): 2494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218760061.

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The locomotion of fish swimming is an important topic in the bio- and bio-inspired mechanics. The study of this locomotion provides a fundamental knowledge about how a fish interacts with ambient fluid and utilizes the flow vortex. Cruising swimming is a most common way adopted by fish in moving. In this study, we measured the undulation locomotion of fish in cruising swimming. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition is adopted to analyze the measured data. We found that in the cruising swimming, the first two proper orthogonal modes capture the major features of the total motion. Two approaching methods are given to depict the undulation locomotion approximately with only six parameters. Comparing with the traditional methods depicting the swimming of a fish, they are less complicated than directly using measured swimming data and they are more physical than using an artificial assumed swimming locomotion. The undulation locomotion analysis using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition proposed here provides a quantitative way to depict the motion and its major locomotion modes.

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Jeon, Young Han. "Problems and Improverment Methods of Elementary School (survival)Swimming Education." Korean Journal of the Elementary Physical Education 26, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26844/ksepe.2020.26.1.107.

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Schultz, William W. "Power Requirements of Swimming: Do New Methods Resolve Old Questions?" Integrative and Comparative Biology 42, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.5.1018.

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Greenhow, Danielle, Heidi Harley, Wendi Fellner, Adrienne Cardwell, and David Mann. "Methods for determining free-swimming positioning and echolocation beam patterns." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (May 2013): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4805258.

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Ilyas, Huma, Ilyas Masih, and Jan van der Hoek. "Disinfection Methods for Swimming Pool Water: Byproduct Formation and Control." Water 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2018): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10060797.

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Pelarigo, Jailton G., Ricardo J. Fernandes, João Ribeiro, Benedito S. Denadai, Camila C. Greco, and João P. Vilas-Boas. "Comparison of Different Methods for the Swimming Aerobic Capacity Evaluation." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32, no. 12 (December 2018): 3542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001873.

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Gani, Ruslan Abdul, Hasanuddin Jumareng, Kuswahyudi Kuswahyudi, Oman Unju Subandi, and Edi Setiawan. "Implementation Of Modification Game Methods To Improve Breaststroke Swimming Skills." Halaman Olahraga Nusantara (Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan) 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v4i2.5404.

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Hessler, Robert R. "Swimming in Crustacea." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 76, no. 2-3 (1985): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010385.

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ABSTRACTAn analysis of swimming in living crustaceans is presented in order to elucidate the range of ways this function has been achieved, and to reveal the principles which constrain it. The study focuses on Gnathophausia ingens, a primitive, bathypelagic malacostracan that swims with thoracic exopods and pleopods. These structures consist of a muscular peduncle and one or two flagella that are fringed with setulate setae. The basic motion is rowing with the limb and setal fan extended on the power stroke and flexed on recovery.A survey of other crustaceans shows that rowing with this type of swimming structure dominates throughout, although paddles often replace the flagella. Particularly pervasive is the large relative area of setae, whose effectiveness must stem from the ability to extend and flex passively and from the high drag generated on the power stroke by the setules at low Reynolds numbers.A review of reconstructions of Palaeozoic trilobites and marrellomorphs reveals the likelihood that if swimming was the function of the exites, they operated inefficiently or were employed in other methods as well. Sculling and drag reduction on the recovery stroke through feathering rather than flexion are possible alternatives. The more common occurrence of paddle-like limb shafts and blade-like marginal structures in other Palaeozoic arthropods is also noted.

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Ruiz-Navarro, Jesús J., Pedro G. Morouço, and Raúl Arellano. "Relationship Between Tethered Swimming in a Flume and Swimming Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 8 (September 1, 2020): 1087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0466.

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Purpose: To study the relationship between tethered swimming in a flume at different speeds and swimming performance. Methods: Sixteen regional-level swimmers performed 25-, 50-, and 100-m front-crawl trials and four 30-s tethered-swimming tests at 0, 0.926, 1.124, and 1.389 m·s−1 water-flow velocities. Average and maximum force, average and maximum impulse, and intracyclic force variation (dF) were estimated for each tethered-swimming trial. Swimming velocity and intracyclic velocity variation (dv) were obtained for each free-swimming trial. Stroke rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were registered for all trials. Results: Tethered-swimming variables, both at 1.124 m·s−1 and at 1.389 m·s−1 water-flow velocities, were positively associated with 25-m swimming velocity (P < .05). Average force and maximum impulse in stationary swimming were significantly associated with 25-m swimming velocity (P < .05). A positive relationship between water-flow velocities with dF was observed. Swimming performance was not related to dF or dv. Neither stroke rate nor RPE differed between the 4 tethered conditions and mean 50-m free-swimming velocity (P > .05). Conclusions: Measuring force in a swimming flume at higher water-flow velocities is a better indicator of performance than stationary tethered swimming. It enables assessment of the ability to effectively apply force in the water.

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Tian, Fang-Bao, and Li Wang. "Numerical Modeling of Sperm Swimming." Fluids 6, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020073.

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Due to rising human infertility, sperm motility has been an important subject. Among the hundreds of millions of sperms on the journey up the oviducts, only a few excellent travelers will reach the eggs. This journey is affected by many factors, some of which include sperm quality, sperm density, fluid rheology and chemotaxis. In addition, the sperm swimming through different body tracks and fluids involves complex sperm flagellar, complex fluid environment, and multi-sperm and sperm-wall interactions. Therefore, this topic has generated substantial research interest. In this paper, we present a review of computational studies on sperm swimming from an engineering perspective with focus on both simplified theoretical methods and fluid–structure interaction methods. Several open issues in this field are highlighted.

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Hlukhov, I. "General characteristics of training programs at different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students of higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(138) (July 27, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.7(138).08.

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Within the increasing of practical significance and efficiency of physical education, it is necessary to develop certain methodic thesis and programs of swimming training for students of higher education institutions and to carry out these experimental checks. Purpose: to provide a general description of training programs at different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students of higher education institutions. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization (it was clarified the degree of disclosure research issues in the scientific and methodological literature), study of documentary materials (it was founded requirements to the structure and content of student swimming training), system analysis (it was detected signs and characteristics of swimming system for students of higher education institutions). Results. Within the methodical part of the swimming training system, we have identified the possibility of using in the natural environment the educational process of physical education for students of four interconnected by type of sequential combination of training programs. This programs cover different levels of individual and motivational orientation of swimming lessons for students of higher education institutions and, accordingly, swimming preparedness. Considering, that the means and methods of swimming are widely known and thoroughly disclosed in the special literature, our attention we turned to setting tasks for individual classes of different, consistently combined programs at the individual and motivational levels of swimming training system students of higher education institutions. Conclusions. Within the implementation of the methodical component of the swimming training system for students of the higher education institutions, it have been identified four individual and motivational levels of classes. For each of these levels it was carried out a selection of goals, tasks, means and methods of training. For students at the first level, the characteristic difference is the presence of a significant fear of being in the water and the lack of ability to swim. For students at the second level - a low level of fear of being in the water and lack of ability to swim. For students at the third level - the presence of skills to stay afloat and swim in any way (original methods without the use of swimming techniques or a separate style of swimming). For students at the fourth level - the possession of swimming skills and the desire to engage and improve techniques in the future.

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Beck, W. R., G. Gomes de Araujo, and C. A. Gobatto. "Methods of exercise intensity and lactataemia determination of lactate minimum test in rats." Comparative Exercise Physiology 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep12004.

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The lactate minimum test (LMT) is a useful protocol for determining the intensity corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state. Nevertheless, different methods to determine LMT variables are found in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyse three different methods for determining the effort intensity (LMTi) and lactataemia (LMTLAC) corresponding to LMT. We subjected seventeen rats to LMT in a swimming ergometer, following three steps: (1) acidosis induction phase; (2) recovery of nine minutes; and (3) incremental swimming intensity phase. We determined the LMTi and LMTLAC using three methods: visual inspection (VI - non-mathematic), second order polynomial function (fPOLY - mathematic) and spline function (fSPL - mathematic). Results showed no significant differences between the LMTi or LMTLAC values determined using VI (5.32+0.50% bw and 5.62+0.78 mM, respectively), fPOLY (5.31+0.53% bw and 5.64+0.72 mM, respectively) and fSPL (5.32+0.54% bw and 5.59+0.76 mM, respectively). We found significant correlations between the three methods (P<0.05). We concluded that the determination of the intensity and lactataemia corresponding to LMT are not influenced by mathematic or non-mathematic methods in swimming sedentary rats.

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Webb, Paul W. "Composition and Mechanics of Routine Swimming of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-074.

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Routine swimming encompasses all volitional motions of fish. It is usually assumed to be quasi-steady, i.e. routine swimming is mechanically equivalent to steady swimming. Routine swimming of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was dominated by unsteady motions of linear and centripetal (angular) acceleration. Constant-speed swimming was rare. Mean speeds and acceleration rates were small. Tail-beat frequencies were nevertheless strongly correlated with mean swimming speed, but increased more rapidly with increasing speed in routine swimming than in steady swimming. Tail-beat amplitudes and propulsive wavelengths were similar to values seen in steady swimming. The composition of routine swimming and analysis of the force balance showed that routine swimming was not quasi-steady. Therefore, forces and rates of working should be estimated from a complete description of whole-body deformation. This is impractical. Drag dominated resistance in routine swimming, such that average thrust (= resistance) may be computed from mean speed and/or averaged kinematic variables for the trailing edge with a correction factor of approximately 3. Analysis of routine swimming may permit comparisons among a wider range of vertebrates than possible with commonly used methods.

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Johansen, J. L., C. J. Fulton, and D. R. Bellwood. "Estimating the sustained swimming ability of coral reef fishes." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06136.

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Sustained swimming ability can play a critical role in the ecology of fishes, particularly in terms of their distribution among habitats of differing flow conditions. However, the relative utility of various measures of swimming ability remains to be determined. The present study assessed the swimming speed performances of coral reef fishes using a range of experimental methods. This included a novel technique that measures the speed at which labriform fishes change gait from purely pectoral to pectoral-and-caudal propulsion over sustained time scales of >200 min (termed Up–nE). Measures of Up–cE were compared with two commonly used experimental metrics: critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and critical transition speed (Up–c). All three methods revealed consistent differences among taxa, and provided a reliable means of comparing swimming speed performances. Notably, two experimental measures (Up–c and Up–cE) appeared to more closely reflect the swimming speeds displayed by the same coral reef fishes in the field.

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Babalich, Viktoriya, Tetyana Malenyuk, Olena Golub, and Alexander Broyakovsʹkyy. "CORRECTIONAL CORRECTION ABILITIES IN YOUNG CHILDREN SCHOOL AGE WITH DISABILITIES HEARING BY SWIMMING MACHINES." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-207.

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Introduction. This article addresses the issue of improving of children with hearing impairments. Using swimming facilities, we aimed to improve coordination preparedness, as well as swimming skills of hearing impaired children. The hypothesis of the study is to correct deviations in the development of children with hearing impairments, in particular coordination of movements, which can be achieved by developing a program and guidelines for the use of swimming equipment. The purpose of: To scientifically program substantiated correction children coordination of primary school age with hearing impairment by swimming means for full physical development. To solve this goal were used following research methods: theoretical analysis, analysis of pedagogical experience, observation, diagnostic methods (conversation, testing); pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, formative); methods of statistical processing of received information. The study involved children with mild pathologies of the auditory analyzer aged 8-9 years. Results. In the result of research was proved the positive impact of swimming on the coordination correction of children with hearing impairment. Confirmation of positive dynamics is an improvement in the results of test assignments. The greatest increase of indicators was achieved in a test task performed in water (P <0.05). The practical: The implemented program using specially matched solutions and methods that take into specifics of disease positively influenced the formation of coordination preparedness for children with hearing impairments. At the same time use of swimming aids contributed to the mastery of a vital skill for every person - the ability to swim. Key words: hearing impaired children, adaptive swimming, rehabilitation, pathology, physical fitness.

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Zaguzova, Svetlana A., Alexander Yu Keino, and Angelina A. Protopopova. "Impact of wellness swimming technique on women 40–50 years old with cardiovascular pathology." Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, no. 9 (2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-1(9)-61-67.

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Currently, traditional and non-traditional means are widely used in recreational swimming. Traditional means of recreational swimming include all methods of sports and applied swimming. Unconventional forms of swimming classes include hydroaerobics (aquaerobics), hydroshaping, hydroprophylaxis, etc. Functional tasks (general strengthening effect, improvement of respiratory and circulatory function, strengthening of certain muscle groups, posture correction, etc.) determine the choice of swimming style or individual elements from the swimming style for recreational classes. In some cases, it is advisable to depart from the principles of sports swimming and combine different styles, for example, hands work as a breaststroke, and legs work as a front crowl. Combinations of movements from different swimming styles are easier for many people to coordinate, so they absorb them faster and easier in wellness swimming. Occupation of wellness swimming is recommended both for people who have deviations in their state of health, and simply for those who want to strengthen body and increase its functionality. A gradual increase in the load with a reasonable dosage of swimming exercises both on land and in water characterizes occupations of this type of swimming. Groups for classes are formed taking into account the age, gender, form and degree of disease, different levels of swimming fitness of those involved.

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Kim, MJ, J. Choi, N. Kim, and GC Han. "Behavioral changes of zebrafish according to cisplatin-induced toxicity of the balance system." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 11 (February 6, 2014): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327114521046.

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Background and objectives: Zebrafish are commonly used as experimental animals in otolaryngology studies. However, the behavioral characteristics of these fish are not well known, especially those related to the vestibular system. The goal of this study was to evaluate behavioral changes in zebrafish due to toxicity in the balance system. Materials and methods: Zebrafish were exposed to 1000 μM cisplatin for 6 h. We, then, periodically monitored swimming depth, total swimming distance, peak swimming velocity, and mean swimming velocity of the fish for approximately 21 days. Results: Total swimming distance ( p < 0.0001), peak swimming velocity ( p = 0.0063), and mean swimming velocity ( p < 0.0001) in the cisplatin-administered group were significantly decreased when compared with control fish. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that cisplatin can alter the locomotion behavior of zebrafish.

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Dvorianinova, Elena V., Irina N. Lutkova, and Oksana V. Terexina. "The analysis of sports motor skills development among children with musculoskeletal system disorders by the means of adaptive swimming." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 186 (2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-186-162-167.

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We present the analysis of sports motor skills development among children with musculoskeletal system disorders by the means of adaptive swimming. The developed methods of sports training for children with musculoskeletal system lesion in adaptive swimming at the initial stage was designed for three years. All children were students of the adaptive swimming school. The structure and duration of classes, the content of each part of the class on land and in water are presented. Features of the preparation and organization of classes are described. It was noted that when mastering sports swimming methods, back crawl is easier for children with musculoskeletal system lesion, since the breathing process proceeds naturally, and it is not necessary to lower the face into the water, it is easier for children to coordinate movements with breathing. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the developed program of sports training for the initial stage of children with musculoskeletal system lesion by adaptive swimming, both for learning swimming techniques and for correcting the deficiencies in physical, psychomotor development and social adaptation of children.

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Khimich, I., and V. Parakhonko. "Features of using innovative technologies in swimming classes of students of higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(133) (March 22, 2021): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.3(133).27.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of innovative technologies in swimming lessons for students of higher education institutions. It is found that the development of a large number of swimming movements simultaneously by all methods of swimming first light, then sports and elements of applied swimming allows at the initial stage to choose the easiest way first and gradually move to complex. This reduces the duration of the entire period of development of swimming techniques. It is established that the use of innovative technologies in teaching swimming to students contributes to the formation of their need for a healthy lifestyle, increase their level of preparedness and functionality of the body. Analysis of swimming programs used in higher education institutions shows that classes are usually built according to the traditional method with the parallel development of two similar in structure methods of rabbit on the chest and rabbit on the back. At the same time, the peculiarities of sex and age, interests, motives and needs of students, as well as individual features and tendencies to master a certain type of motor activity are not sufficiently taken into account. The organization of swimming lessons with young students in the mode of training, taking into account the above features, can significantly affect the formation of their need for a healthy lifestyle, health and prevent further deterioration.

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Musiyenko, O. V., R. V. Chopyk, and N. B. Kizlo. "Influence of swimming on sensory functioning, quality of life and behavior of children with autism." Health, sport, rehabilitation 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2020.06.03.07.

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Aim: to establish the influence of swimming as a means of adaptive physical education on behavior, emotional state, sensory, motor coordination and quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Material and methods. Three children with autism who were swimming were examined. Research methods: pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, method of expert evaluations, questionnaires.Results. There is a significant improvement in the behavior of children with ASD: reducing aggression and autoaggression, reducing the frequency of stereotyped movements, reducing opposition, improving emotional state, improving willpower, improving coordination and dexterity. According to the results of expert assessment, against the background of increasing the results of dexterity, the formation of swimming skills, a significant increase in positive emotions, the acquisition of communication skills there is a significant reduction in problem behavior. Swimming is a powerful sensory stimulus for children with ASD, they improve their sensory profile by promoting proper sensory responses. Swimming contributes to a significant increase in the quality of life of both children and their parents.Conclusions: Swimming is a powerful sensory stimulus for children with ASD. As a result of swimming lessons in children with ASD there is an improvement in behavior, development of communication skills, development of smooth movements, growth of positive emotions, development of swimming skills. Swimming also helps to improve the quality of life of children with ASD and their parents. In children with ASD, swimming helps to improve certain indicators of the sensory profile. Individual swimming lessons can be recommended for children with ASD as an effective means of adaptive physical education.

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Hlukhov, I., and M. Pityn. "Subjective assessment by students ohigher education institution of their swimming preparation level (on Kherson State University example)." (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(130) (February 22, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).10.

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Given the clear priorities underlying physical education of student youth, it is mandatory for them to mastering the system of applied skills. At the same time, the objectification of the orientation of content of the swimming instruction system for students of free higher education institution should be carried out taking into account the opinions of the subjects of this process, namely students. Addressing students of different courses, we tried to find ways to optimize swimming preparation of students of higher education institutions and to cover as large a contingent as possible. Purpose: to determine the subjective opinion of students of Kherson State University on the level of their own swimming preparation. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, study of documentary materials, sociological methods of survey (questionnaire), methods of mathematical statistics. Organization. There were involved in the survey (during September-October 2020) applicants of higher education of the first (bachelor's) and second (master's) degrees of Kherson State University. In total, there were 1513 respondents, including 646 of first- year students, 458 of second-year students, 164 of third-year students, 213 of fourth-year students, and only 32 of 5-6-year students (expressed a desire to participate in the survey). Results. The results of a student’s different courses survey on the subjective attitude to their own level of swimming skills points to gradual decrease of particles attributable to various answers, starting with the option "I cannot swim" and as swimming preparation requirements increase. It was revealed the necessity of the expressed pedagogical influences on a considerable quantity of students of higher education institutions concerning correction of abilities and skills of swimming. Despite a certain hierarchy of answers, for each of the options for the level of swimming skills, we provide a generalized goal and system of tasks for the educational process of swimming in physical education of higher education institution. It is worth emphasizing the need to differentiate the methodological and organizational parts of the swimming system, because, given the integrity of the student contingent, motivational priorities, the existing level of swimming skills, attracting students, joint involvement of even one academic group in swimming is a complicated process.

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Mohanty, Prabina R., and Abam Fasal. "Efficacy of tympanometry screening methods for early clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200159.

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The diagnosis is suspected clinically based on microscopic otoscopy, audiometry, and tympanometry. Thin-section computed tomography of the temporal bone helps to confirm the diagnosis. This case report aimed to promote the importance of tympanometry screening as a diagnostic tool for middle ear pathology. A case of 27-year-old patient came to ENT-OPD at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapur with the complaint of decreased hearing since 2 years. The history of intermittant tinnitus and swimming habit with head bath regularly were found in the patient. Also, there were no significant family history of hearing loss, ear discharge, and ear pain. This case report concluded that the continuous head bath may leads to middle ear pathologies like otosclerosis and give importance to tympanometry test for early clinical diagnosis and suggesting for avoiding swimming, and also use of ear plugs as necessary during head bath.

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Hogarth, Luke, Brendan Burkett, Peter Van de Vliet, and Carl Payton. "Maximal Fully Tethered Swim Performance in Para Swimmers With Physical Impairment." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0515.

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The assessment of swimming propulsion should be a cornerstone of Paralympic swimming classification. However, current methods do not objectively account for this component. Purpose: To evaluate the swimming propulsion of swimmers with and without physical impairment using a 30-second maximal fully tethered freestyle swim test. Methods: Tethered forces were recorded during maximal fully tethered swimming in 80 competitive swimmers with (n = 70) and without (n = 10) physical impairment. The relationships between absolute and normalized tether forces and maximal freestyle swim speed were established using general additive models. Results: Para swimmers with physical impairment had lower absolute and normalized tether forces than able-bodied swimmers, and there were moderate positive correlations found between tether forces and sport class (τ = .52–.55, P < .001). There was a nonlinear relationship between tether force and maximal freestyle swim speed in the participant cohort (adjusted R2 = .78–.80, P < .001). Para swimmers with limb deficiency showed stronger relationships between tether force and maximal freestyle swim speed (adjusted R2 = .78–.82, P < .001) than did Para swimmers with hypertonia (adjusted R2 = .54–.73, P < .001) and impaired muscle power (adjusted R2 = .61–.70, P < .001). Conclusions: Physical impairments affect Para swimmers’ tether forces during maximal fully tethered freestyle swimming, explaining a significant proportion of their activity limitation. It is recommended that maximal fully tethered swimming be included in Paralympic swimming classification as an objective assessment of swimming propulsion.

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Bathija, Geeta V., and Roopakala Narasimha. "A cross-sectional study on health related behaviors among swimming pool users and sanitary conditions of swimming pools in Hubballi city." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195465.

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Background: With evolving and advancing civilization, man-made water recreational environments such as swimming pools, not only offer health promotions and social benefits but are also accompanied with health risks. It is necessary to properly manage and consistently monitor swimming pool to make sure about water treatment methods and health, to protect health of the users. This study aimed to assess the health related behaviours in swimming pool users and to study sanitary condition of swimming pool.Methods: A cross-sectional study done in Hubballi city among swimming pool users. A semi-structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire applied to 200 participants of 3 swimming pools. Data collected regarding socio-demographic details, swimming pool regulations, health related events and health benefits and sanitary conditions of swimming pool.Results: Among 200 participants, 65% were males and 35% were females. 78.5% of the participants had knowledge about swimming pool regulation. 68% had unhealthy habits in swimming pool, among these 62% had at least one reported symptom. 73% of males had unhealthy habits and 57% had at least one reported symptom (p<0.05 significant). As the experience in swimming increases, unhealthy habits decreases (p<0.05 significant) and symptoms will be decreased (p<0.05 significant).Conclusions: In our study majority of the participants had unhealthy habits and knowledge about swimming pool regulations. All swimming pools were chlorinated and pH was maintained within WHO recommended guidelines.

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Matsuda, Yuji, Yoshihisa Sakurai, Keita Akashi, and Yasuyuki Kubo. "A Practical Estimation Method for Center of Mass Velocity in Swimming Direction During Front Crawl Swimming." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0188.

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Center of mass (CoM) velocity variation in swimming direction is related to swimming performance and efficiency. However, it is difficult to calculate the CoM velocity during swimming. Therefore, we aimed to establish a practical estimation method for the CoM velocity in swimming direction during front crawl swimming with underwater cameras. Ten swimmers were recorded during front crawl swimming (25 m, maximal effort) using a motion capture system with 18 underwater and 9 land cameras. Three CoM velocity estimation methods were constructed (single-hip velocity, both-hips velocity, and both-hips velocity with simulated arm velocity correction). Each model was validated against the actual CoM velocity. The difference between the single-hip velocity and the actual CoM velocity in swimming direction was significantly larger compared with that of the other 2 models. Furthermore, the accuracy of CoM velocity estimation was increased when both-hips velocity was corrected using the simulated arm velocity. The method allowed estimation of the CoM velocity with only 2 underwater cameras with a maximal difference of 0.06 m·s−1. This study established a novel and practical method for the estimation of the CoM velocity in swimming direction during front crawl swimming.

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Kolmogorov, Sergei, Andrei Vorontsov, and João Paulo Vilas-Boas. "Metabolic Power, Active Drag, Mechanical and Propelling Efficiency of Elite Swimmers at 100 Meter Events in Different Competitive Swimming Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 8511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188511.

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Eight elite swimmers—four females and four males—were studied, each of whom specialized in different swimming techniques and ranked among the top 10 in the world in the 100 m event in their swimming specialty. Methods included a complex of physiological, biomechanical and hydrodynamic procedures, as well as mathematical modeling. During the special preparation period for the 2017 Swimming World Championship, all subjects performed an 8 × 100 m swimming step-test using their main swimming technique. The relationships between velocity, mechanical and metabolic power were obtained and analyzed for each swimming technique. It was found that, at the last stage of the test, in all swimming techniques, men demonstrated higher values of metabolic power (Pai = 3346–3560 W) and higher mechanical efficiency (eg = 0.062–0.068) than women (Pai = 2248–2575 W; eg = 0.049–0.052). As for propelling efficiency, women (ep = 0.67–0.71) and men (ep = 0.65–0.71) did not differ from each other. Results showed that the frontal component of active drag force is the main reason for the existing differences in maximal swimming velocity between different techniques, since no relevant differences were observed for mechanical and propelling efficiencies among swimming techniques.

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Huang, Liya, Jun Xu, Han Guo, Yujie Wang, Jun Zhao, and Jianqi Sun. "Quantitative study of the influence of swimming therapy on osteoporosis rat models based on synchrotron radiation computed tomogaphy." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751800276x.

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Osteoporosis is a bone disease with a variety of causes, leading to bone pain and fragility to fracture. Major treatment methods include nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy and surgical treatment, among which exercise therapy, such as swimming, is the most effective. To investigate the optimal swimming therapy regime for postmenopausal women, the effects of eight weeks of different intensity swimming exercises were studied in rat models. After the swimming program, lumbar vertebrae were dissected from all the rats and scanned by synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). Histomorphometry analysis and finite-element analysis were carried out on the trabecular structure of the L4 lumbar based on the acquired SRCT slices. Histomorphometry analysis showed that swimming can alleviate the decrease in bone strength induced by estrogen deficiency, and moderate-intensity swimming was found to have the most significant effect.

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Liu, H. "Simulation-Based Biological Fluid Dynamics in Animal Locomotion." Applied Mechanics Reviews 58, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1946047.

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This article presents a wide-ranging review of the simulation-based biological fluid dynamic models that have been developed and used in animal swimming and flying. The prominent feature of biological fluid dynamics is the relatively low Reynolds number, e.g. ranging from 100 to 104 for most insects; and, in general, the highly unsteady motion and the geometric variation of the object result in large-scale vortex flow structure. We start by reviewing literature in the areas of fish swimming and insect flight to address the usefulness and the difficulties of the conventional theoretical models, the experimental physical models, and the computational mechanical models. Then we give a detailed description of the methodology of the simulation-based biological fluid dynamics, with a specific focus on three kinds of modeling methods: (1) morphological modeling methods, (2) kinematic modeling methods, and (3) computational fluid dynamic methods. An extended discussion on the verification and validation problem is also presented. Next, we present an overall review on the most representative simulation-based studies in undulatory swimming and in flapping flight over the past decade. Then two case studies, of the tadpole swimming and the hawkmoth hovering analyses, are presented to demonstrate the context for and the feasibility of using simulation-based biological fluid dynamics to understanding swimming and flying mechanisms. Finally, we conclude with comments on the effectiveness of the simulation-based methods, and also on its constraints.

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Obrazhey, Olga. "Overcoming the Fear of Water at the Initial Stage of Learning to Swim." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 1(37) (March 31, 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-01-66-71.

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The article deals with the fear of children of primary school age to open water, which appears at the initial stage of teaching swimming and is a serious obstacle to mastering the skills of swimming. Analysis of the scientific researches indicate a lack of reasonable methods of overcoming fears associated with the water during swimming training and scientific methodological developments in the prevention and overcoming fears associated with water, which leads to certain problems and violations of logical consistency in teaching swimming. The following empirical methods as questionnaires, interviews, pedagogical observations are used. The article presents the results of a study of this problem, especially: the results of the survey of primary school children who arrived at the base of the summer camp «Lastochka» in Skadovsk of Kherson region in 2016 during the month of June as well as conversations and observations with them that took place in real conditions of training swimming. This study provided the opportunity to determine the origin of fear causes of primary school age children, to reveal the reasons and statistics of accidents at open water, to identify factors fear of open water of primary school age children. The article indicates signs of the most important physical symptoms associated with the fear of open water. Methodical recommendations developed to overcome fears at the initial stage of swimming lessons in open water based on the principles of psychological impact on the minds of everyone as well as the use of innovative techniques while swimming. Methodical recommendations focus on the preparation and organization of lessons with children of primary school age, with the problem of fear of open water. They aim to overcome fear and to achieve the main goals of the swimming lessons in the summer camp to teach swimming every child.

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Gay, Ana, Gracia López-Contreras, Ricardo J. Fernandes, and Raúl Arellano. "Is Swimmers’ Performance Influenced by Wetsuit Use?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0891.

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Purpose: To observe changes in performance, physiological, and general kinematic variables induced by the use of wetsuits vs swimsuits in both swimming-pool and swimming-flume conditions. Methods: In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 33 swimmers (26.46 [11.72] y old) performed 2 × 400-m maximal front crawl in a 25-m swimming pool (with wetsuit and swimsuit), and their mean velocities were used later in 2 swimming-flume trials with both suits. Velocity, blood lactate concentration, heart rate (HR), Borg scale (rating of perceived exertion), stroke rate, stroke length (SL), stroke index, and propelling efficiency were evaluated. Results: The 400-m performance in the swimming pool was 0.07 m·s−1 faster when using the wetsuit than when using the swimsuit, evidencing a reduction of ∼6% in time elapsed (P < .001). Maximal HR, maximal blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, stroke rate, and propelling efficiency were similar when using both swimsuits, but SL and stroke index presented higher values with the wetsuit in both the swimming pool and the swimming flume. Comparing swimming conditions, maximal HR and maximal blood lactate concentration were lower, and SL, stroke index, and propelling efficiency were higher when swimming in the flume than when swimming in the pool with both suits. Conclusions: The 6% velocity improvement was the result of an increase of 4% in SL. Swimmers reduced stroke rate and increased SL to benefit from the hydrodynamic reduction of the wetsuit and increase their swimming efficiency. Wetsuits might be utilized during training seasons to improve adaptations while swimming.

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Hubená, Kristýna. "Diagnostics of Swimming Skills in Preparatory Swimming Teaching of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 61, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2021-0008.

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Summary Aim: The aim of this study is to present the results of the evaluation of the Preparatory Swimming Intervention Programme for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PAS). Methods: The study used a method of participating observation by which evaluators diagnosed swimming skills. The diagnostic tool was Štochl’s scale of swimming skills evaluation (Štochl et al. 2005). A nonparametric sign test was chosen for the analysis of the results. Results: The results of the sign test showed that all probands studied had an overall improvement in all skills between measurements 1 and 2, 3 and 4 and also 1 and 4. In a comparison of individual probands, swimming skills improved between the 1st and 2nd measurements in two of them. The third proband achieved the greatest improvement between the 3rd and 4th measurements, the fourth between the 1st and 4th measurements. The fifth proband did not achieve a statistically significant improvement in the acquisition of swimming skills. Conclusions: The results of this study show that for the area of preparatory swimming lessons for children with PAS, it is possible to use the Štochl scale (Štochl 2002) for diagnosing swimming skills, thus enabling quantitative data to monitor the level of acquired swimming skills in these individuals.

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Hlukhov, Ivan. "Substantiation of preparedness control content in the system of students’ teaching swimming in higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(127) (November 27, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.7(127).08.

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Focusing on the clear priorities underlying the physical education of student youth, it is mandatory for them to master the system of applied skills. In order to objectify the effectiveness of the swimming teaching system for students of higher education institutions and to study the dynamics of individual indicators of preparedness, we consider it expedient to seek help from experts to find ways to improve this process. The purpose of the study: to establish the means and indicators of preparedness control students of higher education institutions in the swimming teaching system. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature data, analysis of documentary materials, expert survey, methods of mathematical statistics. Organization. In the expert survey during May-August 2020 took part 18 specialists (average work experience 18.2 years, sports qualification from candidate of master of sport to Honored master of sports of Ukraine). Results. It is established that for the final levels of students’ swimming teaching system in control at the first place is the functional support of the relevant modes of muscles work, adaptation to the conditions of overcoming segments different in nature and length, conditions of educational and training process. Experts do not have a single opinion on the objective criteria for the control of novice students (those who are at the first level of swimming skills). They did not need to find out the swimming skills of students at these levels of swimming skills. With the increase of students' mastery of swimming skills, the ratio of general competencies (physical fitness, physical development, etc.) and special (swimming fitness) has shifted towards the former. Conclusions. For the first time was considered the issue of swimming preparedness control of students during their education in a higher education institution and the implementation of a holistic and hierarchical swimming teaching system. There was established a possibility of increasing the number of tests (control exercises) to increase the level of students' swimming skills and the availability of a significant number of tests that can be included in the variable part of the control unit. At the same time, there are differences in the standardized part at different levels.

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Debastiani, Jean Carlos, André Santana Junior, Alana Ludemila de Freitas Tavares, Juliana Roncini Gomes da Costa, Luiz Gustavo Vasconcelos Machado, Regina Inês Kunz, Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro, Rose Meire Costa, and Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini. "THE ACTION OF SERICIN PROTEIN ON INITIAL NERVE REPAIR, ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH SWIMMING IN WISTAR RATS." Coluna/Columna 18, no. 4 (December 2019): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120191804181924.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effects of sericin treatment, associated or not with swimming with load exercise, on initial sciatic nerve repair after compression in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty animals were divided into five groups: control, injury, injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming. During the axonotmesis procedure, the sericin was applied to the injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming groups. The injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups performed the swimming with load exercise for five days, beginning on the third postoperative day (PO), and were evaluated for function, nociception and allodynia. Euthanasia was performed on the 8th PO day and fragments of the nerve were collected and prepared for quantitative and descriptive analysis in relation to the total amount of viable nerve fibers and non-viable nerve fibers, nerve fiber diameter, axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness. Results: There was no significant improvement in the sciatic functional index up to the eighth day. The Von Frey test of the surgical scar and plantar fascia indicated a reduction in pain and allodynia for the injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups. The morphological analysis presented similar characteristics in the injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups, but there was a significant difference in the number of smaller non-viable nerve fibers in the injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups as compared to the others. Conclusions: Isolated sericin protein presented proinflammatory characteristics. There was improvement of allodynia and a decrease in the pain at the site of the surgical incision, possibly linked to an aquatic effect. There was no acceleration of nerve repair on the eighth day after the injury. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.

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Gagnon, D. A., and P. E. Arratia. "The cost of swimming in generalized Newtonian fluids: experiments with C. elegans." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 800 (July 14, 2016): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.420.

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Numerous natural processes are contingent on microorganisms’ ability to swim through fluids with non-Newtonian rheology. Here, we use the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and tracking methods to experimentally investigate the dynamics of undulatory swimming in shear-thinning fluids. Theory and simulation have proposed that the cost of swimming, or mechanical power, should be lower in a shear-thinning fluid compared to a Newtonian fluid of the same zero-shear viscosity. We aim to provide an experimental investigation into the cost of swimming in a shear-thinning fluid from (i) an estimate of the mechanical power of the swimmer and (ii) the viscous dissipation rate of the flow field, which should yield equivalent results for a self-propelled low Reynolds number swimmer. We find the cost of swimming in shear-thinning fluids is less than or equal to the cost of swimming in Newtonian fluids of the same zero-shear viscosity; furthermore, the cost of swimming in shear-thinning fluids scales with a fluid’s effective viscosity and can be predicted using fluid rheology and simple swimming kinematics. Our results agree reasonably well with previous theoretical predictions and provide a framework for understanding the cost of swimming in generalized Newtonian fluids.

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Turan, Nazlı, Ümide Demir Özkay, Nafiz Öncü Can, and Özgür Devrim Can. "Investigating the Antidepressant-like Effects of some Benzimidazolepiperidine Derivatives by In-Vivo Experimental Methods." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 16, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180815666181004103112.

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Background: Benzimidazole and piperidine rings are important pharmacophore groups for drug design studies. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity of some 2-(4- substituted-phenyl)-1-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. Methods: Tail-suspension Test (TST) and Modified Forced Swimming Tests (MFST) were used to assess antidepressant-like activities of the test compounds. Moreover, locomotor activity performances of the animals were evaluated by an activity cage device. Results: In the TST and MFST, compounds 2c-2h (10 mg/kg) and the reference drug fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time of mice indicating the antidepressant-like activities of these compounds. Further, in MFST, the same compounds induced significant enhancement in the duration of active swimming behaviors without affecting the climbing performance of the animals. This prolongation in the swimming time, similar to fluoxetine, pointed out that antidepressant- like activity of the compounds 2c-2h might be related to the serotonergic rather than noradrenergic mechanisms. Besides, results of the activity cage tests demonstrated that none of the tested compounds caused an alteration in the locomotor activities of mice, signifying that antidepressantlike effects presented in this study were specific. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of this present study supported the previous papers reporting the therapeutic potential of compounds carrying benzimidazole and/or piperidine rings in their structure and emphasized, once again, the importance of these pharmacophore groups in drug design studies.

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Mooney, Robert, Gavin Corley, Alan Godfrey, Conor Osborough, Leo R. Quinlan, and Gearóid ÓLaighin. "Application of Video-Based Methods for Competitive Swimming Analysis: A Systematic Review." Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal 1, no. 5 (December 4, 2015): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/semoj-1-121.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swimming methods'

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