Academic literature on the topic 'Swimming for children – Western Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Swimming for children – Western Australia"
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Paterson, B. "Western Australia with 2.4 children." BMJ 325, no. 7374 (November 23, 2002): 175Sa—175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.s175a.
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Abbott, B., R. Lugg, B. Devine, A. Cook, and P. Weinstein. "Microbial risk classifications for recreational waters and applications to the Swan and Canning Rivers in Western Australia." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2011): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.016.
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Protecting recreational water quality where ‘whole-of-body contact’ activities occur is important from a public health and economic perspective. Numerous studies have demonstrated that infectious illnesses occur when swimming in faecally polluted waters. With the release of the 2008 Australian recreational water guidelines, the Western Australian (WA) Department of Health conducted a formal evaluation to highlight the advantages of applying the microbial risk management framework to 27 swimming beaches in the Swan and Canning Rivers in Perth, WA. This involved a two-phase approach: (i) calculation of 95th percentiles using historical enterococci data; and (ii) undertaking sanitary inspections. The outcomes were combined to assign provisional risk classifications for each site. The classifications are used to promote informed choices as a risk management strategy. The study indicates that the majority of swimming beaches in the Swan-Canning Rivers are classified as ‘very good’ to ‘good’ and are considered safe for swimming. The remaining sites were classified as ‘poor’, which is likely to be attributed to environmental influences. Information from the study was communicated to the public via a series of press releases and the Healthy Swimming website. The guidelines provide a sound approach to managing recreational water quality issues, but some limitations were identified.
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NG-HUBLIN, J. S. Y., D. HARGRAVE, B. COMBS, and U. RYAN. "Investigation of a swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 5 (June 26, 2014): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881400106x.
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SUMMARYCryptosporidiosis is a gastroenteric disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, which manifests primarily as watery diarrhoea. Transmitted via the faecal–oral route, infection with the parasite can occur through ingestion of water, food or other fomites contaminated with its infective oocyst stage. In the months of November and December 2012, there were 18 notified cases of cryptosporidiosis from Broome, Western Australia. The 5-year average for the Kimberley region for this period is <1 case. Interviews conducted by Broome local government staff on the notified cases revealed that 11/18 cases had been swimming at the Broome public swimming pool. Molecular analyses of extracted DNA performed on 8/18 microscopy-positive faecal samples from interviewed cases and three water samples from different locations at the hypervariable glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene, identified the C. hominis IbA10G2 subtype in all human samples and one water sample.
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Lehmann, D. "Benefits of swimming pools in two remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia: intervention study." BMJ 327, no. 7412 (August 23, 2003): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7412.415.
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Douglas, M. "Educating Blind and Visually Impaired Children in Western Australia." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 83, no. 1 (January 1989): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8908300117.
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The vastness of Western Australia presents special problems for the provision of equal education to blind and visually impaired children who are mainstreamed in schools throughout the state, especially those who are in underpopulated areas. This article describes the history of education of blind and visually impaired people in the state, culminating in the granting of integrated education in the 1970s and the subsequent effects of mainstreaming. It also discusses the special problems of itinerant teachers, who often travel hundreds of miles, by car, and airplane, to see one student.
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JONES, T. W., and T. R. HENDERSON. "Urinary calculi in children in Western Australia: 1972–86." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 25, no. 2 (April 1989): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1989.tb01424.x.
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Threlfall, Timothy, Neil Kent, Peter Garcia-Webb, Elizabeth Byrnes, and Paul Psaila-Savona. "Blood lead levels in children in Perth, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 12, 2010): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00172.x.
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Close, Paul G., Tom J. Ryan, David L. Morgan, Stephen J. Beatty, and Craig S. Lawrence. "First record of ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ by juvenile Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, 1846 (Galaxiidae) from south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 2 (2014): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14004.
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Upstream migration of juvenile stages of temperate Australian amphidromous fish typically coincides with seasonally low river discharge when hydraulic (e.g. cascades) and physical (e.g. rock bars) barriers may be common. The ability to ‘climb’ or ‘jump’ may be expected to assist in negotiating low-flow barriers; however, it is presumed to be limited to a few native Australian freshwater fishes. Juvenile stages of Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, 1846 were observed ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ to successfully negotiate a low, vertical weir wall during their upstream recruitment migrations in south-western Australia. Based on this observation, we propose initial definitions for ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ to describe locomotory strategies employed by fishes to negotiate obstacles that would otherwise prevent free passage by normal swimming behaviour. Greater knowledge of the climbing, jumping and swimming performance, especially for small-bodied species and early life stages, will help improve the management of instream barriers for this critically endangered species and other freshwater fishes of southern Australia.
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KARANOVIC, TOMISLAV, and STEFAN M. EBERHARD. "Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas." Zootaxa 2059, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2059.1.5.
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A new species of the genus Speleophria is described from a cave in the Nullarbor region in southern Western Australia. Its congeners include species from the Balearics, Croatia, Bermuda, Yucatan peninsula and north-western Western Australia, all considered to be Tethyan relicts. However, the discovery of the new speleophriid in the Nullarbor region has important biogeographic and ecological implications. From the biogeographic perspective, it either suggests dispersal as the process determining the current distribution pattern of the aquatic fauna found on the Roe Plains or significantly extends the Tethyan track across Australia, from the north-western coastal margin of the continent to the southern coastal margin. From an ecologic perspective, the new speleophriid suggests the possible existence of anchialine habitats in southern Australia. Speleophria nullarborensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its four congeners by its plesiomorphic 3-segmented endopod of the first swimming leg (2-segmented in other species) and unusually long innermost apical seta on the caudal ramus. Another character that easily distinguishes our new species, and seems to be an autapomorphic feature, is its constricted preanal somite.
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Petrass, Lauren A., Kate Simpson, Jenny Blitvich, Rhiannon Birch, and Bernadette Matthews. "Exploring the impact of a student-centred survival swimming programme for primary school students in Australia: the perceptions of parents, children and teachers." European Physical Education Review 27, no. 3 (February 3, 2021): 684–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20985880.
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Teaching basic swimming, water safety and rescue skills is recommended by the World Health Organization for all school-aged children. However, there is a lack of evidence on effective pedagogies to develop swimming competency and the success of swimming lessons as a drowning prevention intervention. This study used a self-report questionnaire and practical testing procedures to examine the effectiveness of a 10-week student-centred aquatic programme designed for children aged 10–12 years. The study also determined whether the non-traditional swimming programme was accepted by swim teachers, school teachers and principals, and parents from a range of schools from different geographical regions in Victoria, Australia. A total of 204 students were enrolled in the programme. The pre-programme results indicated a good level of swimming, water safety and aquatic knowledge, but low swimming ability. Swimming ability significantly improved from pre-programme to post-programme, with no significant post-programme ability differences between male and female children or for participants from different programmes. Qualitative feedback collected through questionnaires, interviews and/or focus groups from students ( n = 73) and parents ( n = 69), school teachers and principals ( n = 14), swim teachers and swim school managers ( n = 21) indicated strong support from principals and swim teachers for the student-centred pedagogy, and all stakeholders valued the focus on survival swimming competencies. This research highlights the importance of including stakeholders when designing and implementing aquatics programmes. The study has resulted in a well-founded, effective programme with tailored resources and instructional materials that are available for swim centres and schools that would enable schools globally to adopt and implement this programme.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Swimming for children – Western Australia"
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Strange, Cecily. "The relationship of psycho-social factors to swimming competency and attendance at swimming programs among year seven students." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0041.
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Children in upper primary school who have not made progress along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum may be at a greater risk in an aquatic environment because they have not developed the swimming competency, endurance and skills needed for survival in threatening aquatic situations. Three groups representing different socio-economic and geographical areas were selected to explore the relationships between psycho-social factors and the development of swimming ability among year seven students. Two groups from lower socio-economic areas were chosen. The first group was directly on the coast with easy access to the beach, while the second group was inland in the foothills of Perth. As higher socio-economic areas in Perth are generally not far from the coast only one group from a higher socio-economic coastal area was chosen. The participants were 540 year seven students, 282 of whom were males and 258 of whom were females. The primary variable of interest was the current swimming stage of year seven participants, and the differences between genders and/or locality groups. The primary research questions investigated differences between locality groups and/or genders for; a) perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, b) perceived swimming competency, confidence in deep water and importance placed on learning to swim well. c) perceived social support for sport and swimming activities and d) attendance at Interm, Vacswim and other swimming programs and aquatic venue experience. Relationships between swimming stage and the above variables were analysed. The secondary research questions investigated the most frequent reasons given by the students for not attending or discontinuing participation inVacswim, and whether there were differences between locality groups or genders. Findings indicated that the lower socio-economic groups had a significantly lower swimming stage and lower perceived self-worth than the higher socioeconomic group. Students from the lower socio-economic inland area had the lowest mean swimming stage as well as lower perceived social support for sport and swimming than either of the other two groups in the study. The two lower socioeconomic groups also attended less swimming instruction and placed less emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than the higher socio-economic group. Despite these findings, the lower socio-economic groups did not view themselves as any less able in terms of athletic and swimming competence. However, as the two lower socio-economic groups have not progressed along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum to the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999), these groups could be viewed as at-risk in an aquatic environment. At the same time, there was evidence that attendance at Interm along with attendance at another swimming program enabled participants to reach the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999). Girls generally had a higher swimming stage than boys in the lower socio-economic areas, attended year seven Interm and Vacswim more than boys, reported more social support for sport and swimming, and placed more emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than boys. While many of these relationships between swimming stage and psycho-social factors have been intuitively accepted within the swimming teaching industry, we now have a better understanding of the strength and direction of these relationships.
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Lymbery, Jennifer Ann Walters. "Giardia and cryptosporidium infection in childcare centres in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070327.94029.
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Giardia and Cryptospovidium are both recognised as important causes of infectious diarrhoea in children worldwide, and childcare centres have been shown to be a major site of infection. The incidence of infectious diarrhoea in children attending childcare centres has been estimated at between two to five times greater than in children cared for at home. Both Giardia and Cryptospovidium have a faecal-oral route of transmission that facilitates their spread in childcare environments, but can also be interrupted through the use of efficient hygiene protocols such as handwashing. Despite their importance as causes of infectious diarrhoea, there are no data on the prevalence or transmission dynamics of these parasites in Australian childcare centres.
The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and incidence of both Giardia and Ciyptosporidium in children attending childcare centres in Perth,Western Australia. Data were collected on asymptomatic infection, seasonal trends, the transmission dynamics of the parasites and risk factors for infection. The second part of the study involved the development, implementation and evaluation of a health intervention package designed to interrupt the transmission of causative organisms of infectious diarrhoea in childcare centres. This intervention was based on appropriate and effective handwashing.
Over a period of 23 months, 1 172 faecal samples were collected from non-toilet-trained children (n=306) attending 14 childcare centres in Perth, Western Australia. Where possible, family and contacts of infected children were also sampled to determine the dynamics of infection in the community. Information on syrnptomology of infections and risk factors for infection was obtained by the administration of a questionnaire to parents of all the children in the study.
Over all the childcare centres in the study, 7.8% of children were positive for Giardia and 10.8% were positive for Cryptosporidiunz. Of these, 37.5% of the Giardia-positive children returned positive samples on two to four occasions, but not always consecutively, suggesting either continuous or repeated infection with the parasite. Only 12% of children who were Cryptosporidiurn-positive were infected for two consecutive months.
The major findings of this study included a significant seasonal peak in the prevalence of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium, with 50% of Giardia and 73% of Cryptosporidiurn infections occurring during the autumn months of March, April and May, and a high proportion of asymptomatic Giardia infections (45%), compared with only 13.5% of asymptomatic Cryptosporidiurn infections.
There was evidence for the transmission of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections to household contacts of infected children. Of the children who were found to be positive, faecal samples were also collected from 28 family members of those children with Giardia and from 14 family members of those with Cryptosporidiunz. Of these, 17.9% family members of the children with Giardia and 28.6% of family members of the Cryptosporidiuin children returned positive faecal samples. The only significant risk factor for Giardia infection was the number of adults living in the household, with infection more likely to occur in children who had a greater number of adults in the household. Significant risk factors for Clyptosporidium infection included the age of the child: the mean age of the positive children (20.6 months) was higher than in the negative children (16.6 months), and the length of time enrolled at the centre. Children who were positive had attended for a longer time than those who were negative (1 1.2 and 7.8 months respectively).
These results have important implications for the control of infection with these organisms, both within and beyond childcare centres. Since these parasites can be readily transmitted by an asymptomatic carrier, the high percentage of asymptomatic cases in this study, particularly of Giardia, strengthens the argument for health interventions which are directed at interrupting the trailsmission of the parasite.
A health intervention programme was developed that focused on handwashing procedures and was targeted at the carers, the children and the parents of the children in the centres. It was designed to be a low-cost programme both financially, and in the time and effort required to implement the programme within the childcare centre, to enhance compliance with the intervention. The success of the programme in changing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of carers was evaluated through a pre- and posttest questionnaire. This showed that the programme successfully improved the knowledge of the carers in the test centres in several important areas of infection control. These included knowledge about specific organisms causing infectious diarrhoea in childcare centres, transmission of these by asymptomatic individuals and increased knowledge about effective handwashing technique. Because it has been repeatedly shown that increased knowledge does not always translate into improved practices, and that interventions are not always successful in maintaining an improvement in the desired practices, a subjective evaluation was also performed. This was designed to determine how effective the intervention was perceived to be by the carers themselves, and whether they would continue to use the intervention over time. The results showed that the majority of the carers (>88%) found the intervention appropriate and useful in teaching both the carers and the children within the centres, the importance of handwashing. Twelve months after the intervention had first been implemented, 57% of the centres in the study were still using the intervention at least once per month and a further 2996, while using it less than this, still continued to use it occasionally. This is important information, since an intervention can only be useful if it is actually being used.
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Reilly, Lucy. "Progressive modification : how parents deal with home schooling their children with intellectual disabilities." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0035.
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While home schooling is by no means a new phenomenon, the last three decades have seen an increasing trend in the engagement of this educational alternative. In many countries, including Australia, a growing number of families are opting to remove their children from the traditional schooling system for numerous reasons and educate them at home. In response to the recent home schooling movement a research base in this area of education has emerged. However, the majority of research has been undertaken primarily in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, with very few studies having examined home schooling in Australia. The existing corpus of research is also relatively small and incomplete. Also, certain categories of home schoolers and the processes involved in their undertaking of this modern version of a historically enduring educational alternative have been overlooked. In particular, children with disabilities appear to be one of the home schooling groups that have attracted very little research world wide. This group constituted the focus of the study reported in this thesis. Its particular concern was with generating theory regarding how parents deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year. Data gathering was largely carried out through individual, face-to-face semi-structured interviewing and participant observation in the interpretivist qualitative research tradition. However, informal interviews, telephone interviews and documents were also used to gather supplementary data for the study. Data were coded and analysed using the open coding method of the grounded theory model and through the development and testing of propositions. The central research question which guided theory generation was as follows: 'How do parents within the Perth metropolitan area in the state of Western Australia deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year?' The central proposition of the theory generated is that parents do so through progressive modification and that this involves them progressing through three stages over a period of one year. The first stage is designated the stage of drawing upon readily-available resources. The second stage is designated the stage of drawing upon support networks in a systematic fashion. The third stage is designated the stage of proceeding with confidence on the basis of having a set of principles for establishing a workable pattern of home schooling individualised for each circumstance. This theory provides a new perspective on how parents deal with the home schooling of their children with intellectual disabilities over a period of one year. A number of implications for further theory development, policy and practice are drawn from it. Several recommendations for further research are also made.
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au, marnev@cygnus uwa edu, and Neville James Green. "Access, equality and opportunity? : the education of Aboriginal children in Western Australia 1840-1978." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071218.141027.
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This thesis is a history of schooling for Indigenous children in Western Australia between
the commencement of the first Aboriginal school in Perth in 1840 and 1978. The thesis
represents the view that, for most of this period, and regardless of policy, education for
Indigenous children was directed towards changing their beliefs and behaviours from
being distinctly Aboriginal to recognizably European. Four major policies for Aborigines
provide the framework for the thesis, these being amalgamation (1840-1852),
protection (1886-1951), assimilation (1951-1972) and self-determination (1973- ).
The amalgamation of the Indigenous popuIation with the small colonial society in
Western Australia was a short-lived policy adopted by the British Colonial Office.
Protection, a policy formalised by Western Australian legislation in 1886, 1905 and
1936, dominated Aboriginal affairs for the first half of the 2ofh century. Under this policy
the Indigenous population was regarded as two distinct groups - a diminishing traditional
population to be segregated and protected and an increasing part-Aboriginal population
that was to be trained and made 'useful'. In 1951 Western Australia accepted a policy of
assimilation, coordinated by the Commonwealth government, which anticipated that all
people of Aboriginal descent would eventually be assimilated into the mainstream
Australian society. This policy was replaced in 1973 by one of Aboriginal community
self-determination, an initiative of the Commonwealth government and adopted
throughout Australia.
The attempts at directed cultural change were evident in the 'Native' schools that opened
in Perth, Fremantle and Guildford in the 1840s where it was assumed that the separation
of children from their families and a Christian education would achieve the transition
from a 'savage to civilized' state. For another century the education of Indigenous
children on missions and in government settlements was founded upon similar
assumptions. The thesis acknowledges that the principal change agents, such as the Chief
Protectors of Aborigines, mission administrators and the teachers in direct contact with
the children, seriously underestimated both the enduring nature of Indigenous culture and
the prejudice in Australian society.
Between 1912 and 1941 a few government schools in the southern districts of Western
Australia refused to admit Aboriginal children. The exclusion of these children is
examined against a background of impoverished living conditions, restrictive legislation
and mounting public pressure on the State and Commonwealth governments for a change
in policy. The change did not begin to occur until 1951 when the Commonwealth and
States agreed to a policy of assimilation. In Western Australia this policy extended
education to all Aboriginal children. The thesis explores the provision of government
teachers to Aboriginal schools in remote areas of Western Australia between 1951 and
1978. The final chapter examines Indigenous perceptions of independent community
schools within the fust five years of the policy of self-determination and contrasts the
objectives and management of two schools, Strelley in the Pilbara and Oombulguni in
the Kimberley.
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Millei, Zsuzsa. "A genealogical study of 'the child' as the subject of pre-compulsory education in Western Australia." Millei, Zsuzsa (2007) A genealogical study of 'the child' as the subject of pre-compulsory education in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/203/.
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The study produces a genealogy of 'the child' as the shifting subject constituted by the confluence of discourses that are utilized by, and surround, Western Australian precompulsory education. The analysis is approached as a genealogy of governmentality building on the work of Foucault and Rose, which enables the consideration of the research question that guides this study: How has 'the child' come to be constituted as a subject of regimes of practices of pre-compulsory education in Western Australia?
This study does not explore how the historical discourses changed in relation to 'the child' as a universal subject of early education, but it examines the multiple ways 'the child' was constituted by these discourses as the subject at which government is to be aimed, and whose characteristics government must harness and instrumentalize. Besides addressing the research question, the study also develops a set of intertwining arguments. In these the author contends that 'the child' is invented through historically contingent ideas about the individual and that the way in which 'the child' is constituted in pre-compulsory education shifts in concert with the changing problematizations about the government of the population and individuals. Further, the study demonstrates the necessity to understand the provision of pre-compulsory education as a political practice.
Looking at pre-compulsory education as a political practice de-stabilizes the takenfor-granted constitutions of 'the child' embedded in present theories, practices and research with children in the field of early childhood education. It also enables the de- and reconstruction of the notions of children's 'participation', 'empowerment' and 'citizenship'. The continuous de- and reconstruction of these notions and the destabilization of the constitutions of 'the child' creates a framework in which improvement is possible, rather than a utopian, wholesale and, thus revolutionary, transformation in early education (Branson and Miller, 1991, p. 187). This study also contributes to the critiques of classroom discipline approaches by reconceptualizing them as technologies of government in order to reveal the power relations they silently wield.
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Freemantle, Cecily Jane. "Indicators of infant and childhood mortality for indigenous and non-indigenous infants and children born in Western Australia from 1980 to 1997 inclusive." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0020.
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[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Background : The excess burden of mortality born by young Indigenous Australians and the disparity in infant and childhood mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians have been well documented. The accuracy and completeness of national data describing the health of Indigenous Australians is inconsistent. The Western Australia (WA) Maternal and Child Health Research Database (MCHRDB), is a linked total population database that includes perinatal maternal and infant data, and infant and childhood morbidity and mortality data. Overall, these data are more than 99% complete, with a similar high level of completeness and validity for Indigenous Western Australians. Aim : The aim of this thesis is to measure Indigenous infant (0 to <1 year) and childhood (>=1 to <19 years) mortality and the disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants and children in WA for birth cohorts from 1980 to 1997 inclusive. To achieve this aim a number of secondary aims were identified, including the measurement of certain maternal and infant variables, and the age-specific, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for WA infants and children. Method : The study comprises a longitudinal birth cohort study, the primary data source being the MCHRDB. Data included on the MCHRDB are complete for all births in WA from 1980 onwards, with new birth cohorts linked on an annual basis. Maternal and infant variables and the geographical location of the residence and the time of birth and death were included in the descriptive and multivariate analyses. Each infant and childhood death was coded using a three-digit code developed primarily for research purposes. The descriptive analyses of mortality referred to the probability of dying in infancy and in childhood as the cumulative mortality risk (CMR), for various diseases and various population subgroups. Age-specific childhood rates were also calculated. The results of multivariate analyses included the fitting of Cox and Poisson regression models, and estimates of effect were represented as hazard ratios (Cox regression) and relative rates (Poisson regression). Results : Between 1980 and 1997, births to Indigenous mothers accounted for 6% of total WA births. Approximately 46% of Indigenous births were to mothers living in a remote location compared to 9% of non-Indigenous births. Indigenous mothers gave birth at an earlier age (30% of births were to teenage mothers compared to 6% of non-Indigenous births), and were more likely to be single than non-Indigenous mothers (40% Indigenous, 9% non-Indigenous). Indigenous infants had more siblings, were born at an earlier gestation and with a lower birth weight and percentage of expected birth weight. The CMR for Indigenous infants was 22 per 1000 live births compared with 6.7 for non- Indigenous infants, a relative risk (RR) of 3.3 (95%CI 3.0, 3.6). While there was a decrease in the CMR over the birth year groups for both populations, the disparity between the rate of Indigenous and non-Indigenous infant mortality increased. The Indigenous postneonatal (>28 to 365 days) mortality rate (11.7 per 1,000 neonatal survivors) was higher than the neonatal (0 to 28 days) mortality rate (10.3 per 1,000 live births). This profile differed from that for non-Indigenous infants, where the neonatal mortality rate (4.3 per 1,000 live births) was nearly twice that of the postneonatal mortality rate (2.4 per 1,000 neonatal survivors). The main causes of infant mortality among Indigenous infants were potentially preventable. These causes were infection followed by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which differed from the main causes for non-Indigenous infants, sequelae of prematurity and birth defects. The CMR attributable to SIDS increased over the years amongst Indigenous infants and decreased significantly over the years in the non-Indigenous population. Furthermore, the disparity in mortality between the two populations increased and, in 1995 to 1997, was over seven times higher amongst Indigenous infants. The CMR was highest amongst infants living in remote locations for all causes of death except for Indigenous deaths attributable to SIDS, where the risk of death was highest amongst infants living in metropolitan locations. With the exception of infection, there was no difference in cause-specific mortality amongst Indigenous infants according to geographical location. Indigenous infants living in a remote location were at a significantly increased risk of death due to infection compared with their peers living in a rural or metropolitan location. The risk of death for Indigenous children was more than three times higher than for non-Indigenous children. This risk was significantly increased when most of the perinatal maternal and infant variables were considered.
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Jewell, Trevor. "Martu tjitji pakani : Martu child rearing and its implications for the child welfare system." University of Western Australia. Social Work and Social Policy Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0147.
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In this research, I explore my belief that one the reasons for the continuing poor outcomes for Indigenous people was that State-wide and national programs ignored unique local Indigenous culture and did not actively involve local Indigenous people in the development of programs for their area. I chose to examine this perception through investigation of the tension between Indigenous culture and worldview and the dominant White values of the child welfare system (broadly defined), through description of Martu child rearing practices and beliefs in the remote Western Australian town of Wiluna. The Martu live in a remote environment of material poverty, high levels of unemployment, low levels of educational achievement and poor health outcomes. The research sponsored by the Ngangganawili Aboriginal Health Service and located in its Early Childhood Centre, uses an Indigenous research approach based on Brayboy's (2005) TribalCrit to explore Martu child rearing practices, beliefs and values. It uses the stories told by the Martu in Wiluna about the way they and their families were brought up and observations of Martu families to answer research questions around Martu definitions of children and families, their concerns for their children, ways of ensuring the well being of their children, and whether there is a Martu child welfare approach. The research then considers the implications of these Martu practices for the broadly defined child welfare system. The stories told by the Martu show that they have a unique way of bringing up their children that is different to those in the dominant White culture. This uniqueness is derived from a combination of the recent colonisation of the Martu, their culture and their post colonisation experiences. The implications of Martu child rearing for the child welfare system are based on the assumption that Martu are wholly dependent on poorly designed and targeted government provided or funded services, and the current ways of delivering these services is failing the Martu. The research concludes that the key to improving outcomes for Martu children and their families is for the agencies delivering these services to form close working relationships with the Martu; operate within, understand, appreciate, and respect Martu Law and culture; understand their (personal and agency) and Martu post colonisation histories; and allow for Martu control, definition of priorities and development of strategies to address the problems.
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au, Zsuzsanna Millei@newcastle edu, and Zsuzsa Millei. "A genealogical study of the child as the subject of pre-compulsory education in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081002.80627.
Full textAbstract:
The study produces a genealogy of the child as the shifting subject constituted by the confluence of discourses that are utilized by, and surround, Western Australian precompulsory education. The analysis is approached as a genealogy of governmentality building on the work of Foucault and Rose, which enables the consideration of the research question that guides this study: How has the child come to be constituted as a subject of regimes of practices of pre-compulsory education in Western Australia?
This study does not explore how the historical discourses changed in relation to the child as a universal subject of early education, but it examines the multiple ways the child was constituted by these discourses as the subject at which government is to be aimed, and whose characteristics government must harness and instrumentalize. Besides addressing the research question, the study also develops a set of intertwining arguments. In these the author contends that the child is invented through historically contingent ideas about the individual and that the way in which the child is constituted in pre-compulsory education shifts in concert with the changing problematizations about the government of the population and individuals. Further, the study demonstrates the necessity to understand the provision of pre-compulsory education as a political practice.
Looking at pre-compulsory education as a political practice de-stabilizes the takenfor-granted constitutions of the child embedded in present theories, practices and research with children in the field of early childhood education. It also enables the de- and reconstruction of the notions of childrens participation, empowerment and citizenship. The continuous de- and reconstruction of these notions and the destabilization of the constitutions of the child creates a framework in which improvement is possible, rather than a utopian, wholesale and, thus revolutionary, transformation in early education (Branson & Miller, 1991, p. 187). This study also contributes to the critiques of classroom discipline approaches by reconceptualizing them as technologies of government in order to reveal the power relations they silently wield.
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Danaher, Patrick Alan, and danaher@usq edu au. "Learning on the Run: Traveller Education for Itinerant Show Children in Coastal and Western Queensland." Central Queensland University. Education and Innovation, 2001. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060830.110820.
Full textAbstract:
Learning on the Run refers to the educational experiences of the primary
school children travelling along the agricultural show circuits in coastal and
western Queensland. This thesis examines those educational experiences by
drawing on the voices of the show children, their parents, their home tutors
and their teachers from the Brisbane School of Distance Education, which
from 1989 to 1999 implemented a specialised program of Traveller education
for these children (in 2000 a separate school was established for them).
The thesis focusses on the interplay among marginalisation, resistance
and transformation in the spaces of the show peoples itinerancy. It deploys
Michel de Certeaus (1984, 1986) concept of tactics of consumption and
Mikhail Bakhtins (1986a) notions of outsiddness and creative understanding
to interrogate the show peoples engagement with their absence of
place, the construction of their otherness and forms of seemingly
unproblematic knowledge about their schooling. Data gathering techniques
included semi-structured interviews with forty-two people between 1992 and
2000 in seven sites in Queensland - Mackay, Bundaberg (over two years),
Emerald, Brisbane, Rockhampton and Yeppoon - and document collection.
The thesiss major finding is that the show peoples resistance and
transformation of their marginalising experiences have enabled them to initiate
and implement a significant counternarrative to the traditional narrative (and
associated stereotypes) attending their itinerancy. This counternarrative has
underpinned a fundamental change in their schooling provision, from a
structure that worked to marginalise and disempower them to a specialised
form of Traveller education. This change contributes crucially to understanding
and theorising the spaces of itinerancy, and highlights the broader
significance of the Queensland show peoples learning on the run.
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Dahari, Zainurin. "The effect of price and health information in shifting young children [sic] preference towards healthier food." UWA Business School, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Young children have becoming an important target by marketers. Marketers have used many strategies to influence their food choices including advertising and free gifts. According to literature, young children, are cognitively vulnerable and may make unhealthy decisions about their food choices that could lead to serious problems associated with being overweight and obese. This thesis examines whether price and health claim information can shift young childrens' choices towards healthier foods. Most of the previous published research literature has focused on adults. Those findings, using surveys and experiments, suggest that adults' food preferences and choices can be influenced by setting price and by providing health information. These findings suggest that these strategies may have a potential effect in young children decision making. The literature on Children Socialization and Information Processing Theory in consumer behaviour suggests that most young children under 8 are not cognitively skilled to use price and health claim information for their decision making. Nonetheless, most 5 to 8 year olds are making purchases of food at their school canteen several times a week. In order to test for the effects of price and nutrition information, several experiments that used discrete choice modelling were conducted to determine their choices, the reliability of their choices and the between their experimental choice behaviour and their choice in the market place. More than one hundred young children, aged from five to eight years old, completed the discrete choice experiments conducted in two primary schools in the suburbs of Perth. The choice experiments on subjects that had previous experience with the food items, but did not know their relative nutritional value, showed a strong positive effect of price. In other words, higher priced options were often in more demand. Although this may appear a poor response to price by an observer, children have little knowledge of food costs, so they may use price as a surrogate for quality. Price level was also a main effect in reducing the share of unhealthy choices. The results of the analyses also show that young children can provide reliable choice decisions within 5 months of experiment. However, their experimental choices were not associated with their later choices in the canteen. These findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of price and health claim information in changing young childrens' preference toward healthy choices, and the potential usefulness of using discrete choice techniques to shift children to more healthy food options.
Books on the topic "Swimming for children – Western Australia"
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The marine fishes of North-Western Australia: A field guide for anglers and divers : a general guide to inshore fishes of tropical Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 1988.
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Judith, Thompson. Childhood cancer incidence, mortality and survival in Western Australia, 1982-1991. [Western Australia]: Health Statistics Branch & Epidemiology Branch, State Health Purchasing Authority with assistance from Health Promotion Services, Health Dept. of Western Australia, 1995.
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Howieson, N. The identification of creatively gifted children in primary schools in Western Australia: Research project. [Western Australia]: Western Australian College of Advanced Education, 1986.
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Ann, Delroy, Patuto Michael, and Western Australian Museum, eds. The stolen generations: Separation of aboriginal children from their families in Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 1999.
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Settlers, servants and slaves: Aboriginal and European children in nineteenth-century Western Australia. Nedlands, W.A: University of Western Australia Press, 2002.
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Gregg, Alison. Catalysts for change: The influence of individuals in establishing children's library services in Western Australia. [Perth, Western Australia: LISWA, 1995.
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Australia, Western. Creating connections, 2000-2005: A five year plan for families and children in Western Australia. West Perth, WA: Family & Children's Policy Office, 2000.
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Hayward, Linda. Petrol sniffing in Western Australia: An analysis of morbidity and mortality in 1981-86 and the prevalence of petrol sniffing in aboriginal children in the western desert region in 1987. Perth: Health Dept. of Western Australia, 1988.
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Office, Western Australia Family &. Children's Policy. Creating connections: A profile of current initiatives : government, business, and community sectors working together for families and children in Western Australia. West Perth, WA: Family & Children's Policy Office, 2000.
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Buti, Tony. After the removal: A submission by the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (Inc) to the National Inquiry into Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families. [Perth]: Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (Inc.), 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Swimming for children – Western Australia"
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Choo, Christine. "The Health Of Aboriginal Children in Western Australia 1829–1960." In Aboriginal Children, History and Health, 102–16. New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315666501-6.
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Sullivan, D., and T. Jackiewicz. "A comprehensive approach to reducing the supply of tobacco to children in Western Australia." In Tobacco: The Growing Epidemic, 673–76. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0769-9_286.
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Free, Sally-Ann. "Group Support for Parents of Gifted Children in the Western Region of Melbourne, Australia." In Giftedness and Talent, 75–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6701-3_5.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "Degrees of Intimacy." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0037.
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When we arrived in Vancouver at the start of our vacation, the tabloid headline at the newspaper stand caught our attention. “World’s Bravest Mom,” it shrieked. We stopped to read. The story was simple; it needed no journalistic embellishment. Dusk, August 19, 1996. Mrs. Cindy Parolin is horseback riding with her four children in Tulameen, in southern British Columbia’s Okanagan region. Without warning, a cougar springs out of the vegetation, hurtling at the neck of one of the horses. In the confusion, Steven Parolin, age six, falls off his horse and is seized by the cougar. Mrs. Parolin, armed only with a riding crop, jumps off her horse and challenges the cougar, which drops the bleeding child and springs at her. Ordering her other children to take their wounded brother and go for help, Mrs. Parolin confronts the cougar alone. By the time rescuers reach her an hour later, she is dying. The cat, shot soon afterward, was a small one, little more than sixty pounds. Adult male cougars can weigh as much as 200 pounds, we learn the next day from the BC Environment’s pamphlet entitled “Safety Guide to Cougars.” We are on our way to Garibaldi Provincial Park, where we plan to do some hiking, and have stopped in the park head-quarters for information. “Most British Columbians live all their lives without a glimpse of a cougar, much less a confrontation with one,” says the pamphlet, noting that five people have been killed by cougars in British Columbia in the past hundred years. (Actually, the number is now higher; cougar attacks have become increasingly common in the western United States and Canada in recent years.) “Seeing a cougar should be an exciting and rewarding experience, with both you and the cougar coming away unharmed.”However, the pamphlet notes, cougars seem to be attracted to children as prey, possibly because of “their high-pitched voices, small size, and erratic movements.” When hiking, “make enough noise to prevent surprising a cougar . . . carry a sturdy walking stick to be used as a weapon if necessary,” and “keep children close-at-hand and under control.”
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Eickelkamp, Ute. "Self-possessed." In People and Change in Indigenous Australia. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824867966.003.0004.
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Based on fieldwork with Anangu (Western Desert) children, I examine the psychological meaning of autonomy and its structural counterpart, relatedness, from a developmental perspective and in the context of settlement life today. Drawing on psychoanalysis, I show how autonomy evolves out of recognition and the mastery of social and emotional technique. These afford a sense of belonging and as such function as a form of self-containment. Crucially, as an experiential reality, autonomy relies on the social and emotional mechanism of mirroring from the early stages of life, because parts of the self (“part-objects” or “subselves”) are acknowledged to be located in others, including in the cultural and humanized natural environment. This means that, in order to achieve cohesion, the developing self needs to be appropriated by others who internalize these part-objects and share in the child’s identity—the child becomes self-possessed. Consideration is given throughout to culturally external factors that impact how much separation of self from others is tolerated and desired.
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Saydi, Maryam, and Ian D. Bishop. "Residential Resource Consumption." In New Approaches, Methods, and Tools in Urban E-Planning, 251–87. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5999-3.ch009.
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Residential energy and water consumption depend on dwelling structure and the behaviour of residents. Aspects of residential behaviour can be derived from census data. Dwelling information is harder to obtain. Using both aerial and street-level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured in each of 40 postal areas in and around Melbourne, Australia. This approach saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data not otherwise available. The census and dwelling data were compared with resource usage statistics in linear regression models. It was found that energy and water use are highly correlated, with socio-economic variables better explaining water consumption and dwelling structure factors better explaining energy consumption. Nevertheless, the proportions of households that include a couple with children and have a swimming pool provided useful models of variations in both energy and water use. Applications to planning through spatially explicit scenario testing were developed in ArcGIS ModelBuilder.
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HEATH, ANTHONY, and SIN YI CHEUNG. "The Comparative Study of Ethnic Minority Disadvantage." In Unequal Chances. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263860.003.0001.
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Ethnic minority disadvantage in the labour market has been a matter of growing concern in many developed countries in recent years. Discrimination on the basis of ascriptive factors, such as social origins or ethnicity, is generally regarded to be a source of economic inefficiency and waste. More importantly, it is a source of social injustice and social exclusion. This book explores ethnic inequalities in the labour market, particularly with respect to access to jobs. It examines whether ethnic minorities compete on equal terms in the labour market with equally qualified members of the charter populations and focuses on the experiences of the ‘second generation’, that is, the children of migrants who have themselves grown up and been educated in the countries of destination. In addition to the classic immigration countries of Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United States, the book also covers the major new immigration countries of Western Europe, such as Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, and Sweden, as well as South Africa.
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Waters, Cerith S., and Susan Pawlby. "Young motherhood, perinatal depression, and children’s development." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0020.
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The aim of this chapter is to examine young women’s experience of mental health problems during the perinatal period. We shall argue that women who were young at the time of their transition to parenthood are at elevated risk for perinatal depression, in their first and subsequent pregnancies. Evidence for the impact of perinatal depression on children’s development will be outlined, and we propose that the elevated rates of mental health problems among young mothers may partly account for the increased prevalence of adverse outcomes often seen among their children. However, for these young women and their offspring, the impact of perinatal depression may be compounded by many other social, psychological, and biological risk factors, and young women’s circumstances may exacerbate their own and their children’s difficulties. Therefore any clinical strategies regarding the identification and treatment of depression during the antenatal and postnatal months may need to take into account the age of women, with women bearing children earlier and later than the average presenting different challenges for health professionals. Across the industrialized nations the demographics of parenthood are changing, with both men and women first becoming parents at increasingly older ages (Bosch 1998; Martin et al. 2005; Ventura et al. 2001). In the UK for example, the average maternal age at first birth in 1971 was 23.7 years, compared to the present figure of 29.5 years (ONS 2012). Correspondingly, over the last four decades, birth rates for women aged 30 and over have increased extensively, whilst those for women in their teenage years and early twenties have declined (ONS 2012, 2007). Since the 1970s, the proportion of children born to women aged 20–24 in the UK has been decreasing, with women aged 30–34 years now displaying the highest birth rates (ONS 2010). These changes in the demography of parenthood are not confined to the UK with similar trends toward delayed first births observed across Western Europe (Ventura et al. 2001), the United States (Mirowsky 2002), New Zealand (Woodward et al. 2006) and Australia (Barnes 2003). Thus, a transition to parenthood during adolescence and the early 20s is non-normative for Western women, and the implications of this ‘off-time’ transition (Elder 1997, 1998) for the mother’s and the child’s mental health warrants attention.
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Myers, Cynthia D., and Margaret L. Stuber. "Spirituality and Complementary and Alternative Medicine." In Comprehensive Handbook of Childhood Cancer and Sickle Cell Disease. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169850.003.0015.
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The use of complementary and alternative medicine by children with cancer appears to be common, with 31% to 84% of pediatric oncology samples reportedly using at least one complementary or alternative therapy according to surveys conducted in several regions of the world, including North America (Fernandez et al., 1998; T. Friedman et al., 1997; Kelly et al., 2000; Neuhouser et al., 2001); Australia (Sawyer et al., 1994); the Netherlands (Grootenhuis et al., 1998); Finland (Mottonen & Uhari, 1997); and Taiwan (Yeh et al., 2000). This chapter reviews the medical literature regarding complementary and alternative medicine in relation to pediatric oncology. To begin, the issue of defining complementary and alternative medicine is addressed. Studies of complementary and alternative medicine use by the general adult population and by adults with cancer as well as by pediatric oncology samples are described to highlight issues concerning definitions of complementary and alternative medicine and to ascertain the prevalence of use of specific complementary and alternative medicine modalities. Available reports of clinical trials testing complementary and alternative medicine modalities in the context of pediatric cancer are summarized. Finally, a discussion is provided on spirituality and religion in relation to complementary and alternative medicine and the challenges faced by children with cancer and their families. Complementary and alternative medicine was described by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) at the National Institutes of Health as “a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.” The NCCAM indicated that the term complementary therapy refers to therapies used in conjunction with conventional medicine; alternative therapies are those that are used in place of conventional medicine, for which conventional medicine is defined as medicine as practiced by holders of medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) degrees and other health professionals, including physical therapists, psychologists, and registered nurses. According to the NCCAM, additional terms for conventional medicine include allopathy, Western, mainstream, orthodox, regular medicine, and biomedicine; additional terms for complementary and alternative medicine include unconventional, nonconventional, and unproven medicine.
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Mitchell, Peter. "Why Donkeys?" In The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0007.
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Donkeys carried Christ into Jerusalem, transported the Greek god Dionysus to his childhood home on Mount Nysa and into battle against the Giants, and provided a mount for Muhammad, who supposedly used it to summon his companions. Long before the arrival of the horse, they were ridden by kings in the Near East, buried near Egypt’s first pharaohs, and sacrificed to ancient gods across the Fertile Crescent and as far beyond it as Baluchistan and Badajoz. Along with their hybrid offspring, the mule, donkeys formed—and in places still form—a core technology for moving goods at both local and international levels, especially in areas of rugged or mountainous terrain: agricultural produce throughout the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, and beyond; tin and wool for Bronze Age merchants between Assyria and Anatolia; supplies for the Roman army; New World silver to Caribbean ports for shipment to Spain; salt in contemporary and medieval Ethiopia; household necessities and even the dead in the modern Moroccan city of Fez. Their muscles ground flour in the Classical Mediterranean, powered water wheels in Islamic Andalucía, and helped deliver stone columns from Egypt’s deserts to build the Pantheon in Rome. Today, they remain a critical resource for many of the world’s poor, their use promoted by numerous development projects. At the same time, conservation authorities in places as distant from each other as Australia and the United States seek to control the numbers of feral donkeys using means that pose impossible-to-resolve ethical questions. And yet, for most twenty-first-century individuals in the Western world, donkeys are among the least considered of the animals that people have domesticated. Tellingly, for example, a recent overview of the archaeology of animals completely omits them, while nevertheless including the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), a tree-nesting bird kept by Pre-Columbian Native Americans, in its table of ‘major domestic animals’. Rarely seen and even more rarely eaten, donkeys are perhaps met with on foreign holidays or encountered as unusual companion animals, participants in school Christmas celebrations, or seaside attractions for small children.
Conference papers on the topic "Swimming for children – Western Australia"
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Ridge, Ashley, and Lauren Nimmo. "PA 09-1-0718 The safety of public swimming pools in western australia and future prevention strategies." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.51.
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Nossent, J., W. Raymond, H. Keen, C. Inderjeeth, and D. Preen. "AB1316 Hospital admission trends and short-term outcome for iga vasculitis in children and adults in western australia." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.2663.
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Brew, Bronwyn, Alison Gibberd, Guy Marks, Natalie Strobel, Wendy Allen, Louisa Jorm, Georgina Chambers, Sandra Eades, and Bridgette Mcnamara. "Late Breaking Abstract - Identifying preventable early risk factors for asthma in Indigenous children: a population cohort study in Western Australia." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4638.
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Adam Assim, Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin Bin, and Mohamad Maulana Bin Magiman. "Sociocultural Imperatives of Collaborative Interactions among Malaysian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Children in an Educational Environment." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.16-1.
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This paper seeks to describe the vital traits of sociocultural artifacts within collaborative social interactive patterns exhibited by indigenous and non-indigenous children in a computer environment. The case investigative method was used in one pre-primary centre in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, to examine the patterns of collaboration among young children whilst working with computers. To assess the children’s current social skills and computer competence, and their general social interaction with peers, the researcher interviewed the children and their teacher through a semi-structured interview, to guide the discussion. Both observational comments, descriptions and data analyses were presented with anecdotes. 243 interactions were identified and classified into 16 interaction patterns. The frequency of occurrence of identified interactions was analysed in the form of descriptive statistics. Factors facilitating the collaborative interaction of children whilst engaged in computer activities were found to be related to the sociological imperatives of the immediate contexts of the social interactions involved. Associated with the main findings were three major variables: (1) The classroom teacher variable (philosophy and educational beliefs, task-structure and computer management); (2) the software variable (sociocultural appropriateness, developmentally appropriateness, content, design, and programmed task-structure); and (3) the child variable (computer competency and attitude towards computer, social goals, social skills, and personal relationship with collaborators). By identifying the imperatives of sociocultural traits of collaborative social interactions of children, and factors that may facilitate or inhibit these interactions, sociologists, social anthropologists, educationists, linguists, and early childhood educators will be in a better position to integrate the computer into their classroom and to promote positive sociocultural-appropriate prosocial interaction among indigenous and non-indigenous children whilst engaged at the computer.