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1
Strange, Cecily. "The relationship of psycho-social factors to swimming competency and attendance at swimming programs among year seven students." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0041.
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Children in upper primary school who have not made progress along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum may be at a greater risk in an aquatic environment because they have not developed the swimming competency, endurance and skills needed for survival in threatening aquatic situations. Three groups representing different socio-economic and geographical areas were selected to explore the relationships between psycho-social factors and the development of swimming ability among year seven students. Two groups from lower socio-economic areas were chosen. The first group was directly on the coast with easy access to the beach, while the second group was inland in the foothills of Perth. As higher socio-economic areas in Perth are generally not far from the coast only one group from a higher socio-economic coastal area was chosen. The participants were 540 year seven students, 282 of whom were males and 258 of whom were females. The primary variable of interest was the current swimming stage of year seven participants, and the differences between genders and/or locality groups. The primary research questions investigated differences between locality groups and/or genders for; a) perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, b) perceived swimming competency, confidence in deep water and importance placed on learning to swim well. c) perceived social support for sport and swimming activities and d) attendance at Interm, Vacswim and other swimming programs and aquatic venue experience. Relationships between swimming stage and the above variables were analysed. The secondary research questions investigated the most frequent reasons given by the students for not attending or discontinuing participation inVacswim, and whether there were differences between locality groups or genders. Findings indicated that the lower socio-economic groups had a significantly lower swimming stage and lower perceived self-worth than the higher socioeconomic group. Students from the lower socio-economic inland area had the lowest mean swimming stage as well as lower perceived social support for sport and swimming than either of the other two groups in the study. The two lower socioeconomic groups also attended less swimming instruction and placed less emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than the higher socio-economic group. Despite these findings, the lower socio-economic groups did not view themselves as any less able in terms of athletic and swimming competence. However, as the two lower socio-economic groups have not progressed along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum to the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999), these groups could be viewed as at-risk in an aquatic environment. At the same time, there was evidence that attendance at Interm along with attendance at another swimming program enabled participants to reach the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999). Girls generally had a higher swimming stage than boys in the lower socio-economic areas, attended year seven Interm and Vacswim more than boys, reported more social support for sport and swimming, and placed more emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than boys. While many of these relationships between swimming stage and psycho-social factors have been intuitively accepted within the swimming teaching industry, we now have a better understanding of the strength and direction of these relationships.
2
Scallen, Stephen. "An empirical examination of the zone of optimal functioning theory." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834513.
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This study examined Hanin's (1980) zone of optimal functioning (ZOF) theory. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether being in or out of a ZOF could be used to predict performance of 19 female and 16 male varsity college swimmers. Determining ZOFs required a two part strategy. In part one, subjects retrospectively revealed optimal anxiety using the SAI and CSAI-2 anxiety inventories. Standard deviations from this portion of the study were used to determine the size of individual ZOFs. Each swimmer was assigned SAI, cognitive, somatic, and selfconfidence ZOFs. In part two, swimmers rated level of anxiety prior to competition. Pre-competition anxiety scores were compared to individual ZOFs to determine if swimmers were within or outside their ZOFs prior to performance. A performance score of 1 was assigned to swimmers whose competition time was better than their mean time for previous competition, while a score of 0 was assigned to those swimmers whose performance time was worsethan their mean time for previous competition. Tetrachoric correlations were computed to determine the magnitude of relationship between location about ZOF and subsequent performance score. Results indicated that being within SAI and somatic ZOFs were related to above average performance for male swimmers. A somatic-cognitive interaction was also significant for male swimmers. No significant relationships were identified for female swimmers possibly due to questionable reliability and validity of anxiety responses for females. It was concluded that data for male swimmers supported ZOF theory.School of Physical Education
3
Chambers, Timothy. "Personal constructs on resilience in swimming." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0023.
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[Truncated abstract] Resilience is a concept that originated from behavioural science; a branch of research aimed at explaining unexpected benign or malignant outcomes associated with human development. It is a psychological construct that encompasses both cognitive and behavioural responses to negative situations and appears to exist at both an individual and group level. As a concept, resilience receives considerable attention from researchers within developmental psychology fields, who primarily identify numerous risk and protective factors. Within sport, however, researchers have demonstrated a preference for the examination of more traditional concepts, such as coping strategies. Moreover, few investigations in either domain employ a cogent theoretical framework to guide the research. Therefore, the present research program utilises Personal Construct Psychology (PCP; Kelly, 1955) principles to direct the proposed research. PCP is a theory about theories that emphasised our underlying ambition to make sense of the world, the events people encounter and themselves. According to Kelly, PCP is guided by the fundamental postulate and 11 corollaries. The PCP research template employed by the current research program promotes the utilisation of multimethod designs (i.e., qualitative and quantitative investigations) in order to understand and facilitate the development of resilience in swimming. Three research investigations are proposed to examine resilience in swimming, and are structured according to PCP. Each investigation is outlined below. Study 1. An interview protocol based upon key elements of Kelly s (1955) psychotherapy retrospective interview protocol was employed to elicit an understanding of resilience in swimming. Fourteen interviews were scheduled with elite Australian swimmers and swimming coaches, utilising the interview schedule. ... Study 3. The aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a resilience intervention for youth swimmers. Utilising the data generated from the first study, a resilience enhancement program was designed and delivered to 16 developmental swimmers over a period of three months. Resilience was measured pre, during and post intervention, and three months after the intervention. Resilience was also measured on an age and ability matched control group (n = 20), at the same time points. Results revealed improvements in resilience for the experimental group following the completion of the resilience program. In summary, the present research program employed a PCP (Kelly, 1955) research template to guide the aforementioned studies of resilience. The data collected from the research investigations contributed considerable knowledge to the resilience concept, and the sport psychology field. The qualitative study was the first of its kind to examine the concept in swimming, revealing several elements and process pertaining to resilience that later formed the foundations for the resilience intervention. General conclusions propose that future research combine psychological measurement of resilience and more traditional sport psychology concepts, in addition to the development of a sport specific psychometric measure of resilience.
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Walder, Cristine P. "Psychological aspects of day-case surgery for children." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317582.
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陳文娟 and Man-kuen Sonia Chan. "Communicative intent in children with autism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37090288.
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Smith, Anna Magdalena. "Food choices of tactile defensive children." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020371.
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This research explores a different view of the picky or fussy eater. Although occupational therapists and speech therapists are aware that children with sensory defensiveness and specific tactile defensiveness have different eating habits, this has not been described before.
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Chan, Holing Sarah, and 陳可苓. "The associations between video gaming, sleep, and neuropsychological functioning in Hong Kong children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209534.
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This study examined the associations between video gaming, sleep, and neuropsychological functioning. A total of 143 mother-children dyads were included in the study. The children’s neurocognitive functions were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children– Fourth Edition (Hong Kong), the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch), and the Grooved Pegboard Test. Sleep quality was measured by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Problematic behaviors were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). It was found that (1) more video gaming was associated with poorer subjective sleep quality and shorter total bed time, but not any actual reported sleep time or any domains of problematic sleep in children, (2) playing video games before bed was not associated with more sleep problems in children, (3) children with more sleep problems were perceived to have more internalizing and externalizing behaviors, (4) sleep problem was negatively associated with tests of perceptual reasoning abilities, and had a moderating effect on the relationship between video-gaming and a hand-eye coordination task. Results implied video gaming might not be predominantly bad for children, and the use of it as a training tool must target specific cognitive skills in order to be effective. Children’s sleep problems should be part of a clinical computation and adequately addressed.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
8
Tang, Ho-ming Raymond. "Empathy and psychological adjustment in Chinese children with asthma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29789497.
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Strosnider, Deborah Vivian 1958. "AN EXPLORATION OF PERCEPTIONS OF PAIN IN CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275484.
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梁希然 and Hei-yin Leung. "Emotional responsiveness and expressiveness of young children with autism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37091062.
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鄧嘉雯 and Ka-man Traci Tang. "An investigation of play in young children with autism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37091694.
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McKegney, Sherrie. "Silenced suffering : the disenfranchised grief of birthmothers compulsorily separated from their children." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81253.
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Few efforts have been made to understand the subjective experiences of birthparents involved in the child welfare system, especially of those who have had their parental rights permanently removed. The research undertaken seeks an initial investigation of this neglected issue, providing accounts of four birthmothers' experiences of having one or more of their children involuntarily and permanently removed from their care as a result of child neglect. Implicit in this research is the assumption that these mothers do indeed suffer tremendous grief over the loss of their children, regardless of child welfare agencies' assessments of their parenting capacities. Furthermore, the research critically evaluates how child welfare practice and policy might serve to exacerbate incumbent issues of loss, ultimately disenfranchising this already isolated and stigmatized population. Therefore, this qualitative study endeavours to assist not only child protection workers, but also the greater community in better understanding what it is like to be a "child welfare parent" who has had her parental rights terminated, and to be aware of the existing imbalance of power between child welfare agencies and the clientele they serve. The study ultimately aims to help ensure that human dignity and genuine respect are not lost in the work of child protection.
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Kumar, Arati. "Level of challenge and task persistence : a study of children in a cognitive activity /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063215/.
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Meltzer, Janet R. "Psychological adjustment in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148758564557603.
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Luna, Solorzano Maria Isela 1964. "THE "TAKING CARE OF MYSELF" PHENOMENON IN MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA (PEDIATRICS, HISPANIC PATIENTS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277226.
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Jarkman, Björn Gunilla. "Refugee Children and Families : Psychological Health, Brief Family Intervention and Ethical Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97333.
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Background: There are more than 45 million refugees and displaced people in the world. Children constitute almost half of the refugee population. It is an enormous challenge and a complex situation for refugee children and families escaping from their home country, to a new system of society to which they have to adapt and where they have to recapture a sense of coherence. This thesis focuses on the psychological health of younger refugee children before and after an intervention with family therapy sessions. The experiences and perceptions of refugee families who fled to Sweden as a result of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 and who have permanent residence permits were explored. The ethical aspects of treatment of traumatized refugee children and families were also analysed. Aims: To investigate parent-child agreement on the psychological symptoms of the refugee children; to explore refugee children’s well-being before and after three sessions of family therapy; to explore, in more detail, the complexity of various family members’ experiences and perceptions of their life before the war, during the war and their escape, and in their new life in Sweden; and also to highlight ethical issues and conduct ethical analyses using basic ethical principles that take into account the varying perspectives of the actors involved with regard to the psychological treatment of refugee children and families. Methods: Data was collected using parental interviews and psychological assessments of children aged five to twelve years. In the first study, 13 children were assessed using the Erica Method and compared with a Swedish reference group consisting of 80 children. In the second study, the Erica Method assessments from before and after an intervention with brief family therapy were compared for ten out of those 13 children, complemented by parental interviews. Family therapy sessions were videotaped, and in the third study, the verbatim transcripts of nine family therapy sessions were analysed using a qualitative method with directed content analysis. Finally, the basic ethical principles in two case studies of teenage refugee children concerning psychological treatment were analysed taking into account the varying perspectives of the actors involved in the treatment. Results: Parents’ assessments of their children’s psychological health according to a symptom and behaviour interview did not correlate with the findings of the psychological assessments of children using the Erica Method. The majority of the parents were unaware of their children’s psychological problems, as identified in the psychological assessments. There was a higher rate of not-normal sandboxes (Erica Method) in this group of refugee children, compared to the Swedish reference group. A statistically significant number of cases had improved after a brief family therapy intervention when evaluated with Erica Method. Three main categories emerged from the analysis of the family therapy sessions: “Everyday life at home”, “Influence of war on everyday life”, and “The new life”. The three main categories were comprised of a total of ten subcategories: the family, work and school/preschool, the war, the escape, reflections, employment, health, relatives and friends, a limited future, and transition to the new life. A structured ethical analysis concerning the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice is feasible and valuable when dealing with refugee children and families in clinical practice as well as in research. Conclusion: The findings from these studies show the importance of highlighting individual perspectives from the point of view of children, parents, and siblings in order to better understand the complexity of family systems. Family interventions could be beneficial for refugee children and families, even if the children do not present with overt psychological problems. Salutogenic perspectives facilitate the provision of support to refugee families. Such support helps refugee families to adapt to a new system of society and recapture a sense of coherence. In research as well as in treatment sessions, basic ethical principles, from the point of view of all actors involved, is recommended to be taken into consideration.
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Conte, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). "Differences in Parenting Stress Between Parents of Children with ADHD, Children with Internalizing Behavior Problems, and Non-Referred Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278890/.
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Recently, researchers have begun to explore the associated impacts of ADHD on parent and family functioning, with an increasing focus on parenting stress. Accumulating empirical evidence is mixed, suggesting that parents of children with ADHD report increased levels of parenting stress when compared to parents of children with learning disabilities, and parents of non-referred children, but report equally stressful parenting levels when compared to parents of children with externalizing behavior problems. Results of the present study comparing reported parenting stress levels between
parents of children with ADHD, children with internalizing behavior problems, and nonreferred children, were partially supportive of results found in past studies indicating higher levels of parenting stress among parents of children with ADHD. However, strong gender effects were found between mothers and fathers, which mediated the overall results.
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Klopper, Ilana. "The relationship between exposure to violence and moral development of adolescents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1526.
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South Africa currently has one of the highest levels of crime in the world. The high prevalence of violence in South African culture has led to the increased exposure to violence of individuals of all ages. The South African Police Service annual report for 2008/2009 reported 48 732 crimes ranging from murder, attempted murder to sexual offences and common assault against children under the age of 18 years. In addition, young people between the ages from 12 to 22 are generally victimized at twice the adult rate and even higher for violent crimes. It is the belief of various theorists that exposure to violence can alter one’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes- the three core components that are essential to moral development. The role that exposure to violence has on the development of aggressive behavior has been thoroughly researched; however the implications that this exposure has on the moral development of adolescents remains vague. This study explored and described the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development amongst adolescent learners. A quantitative exploratory descriptive research design was employed and the participants were selected by means of non-probability, convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 53 participants at a coeducational high school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The demographic data of the participants was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. The participants’ exposure to violence was explored by using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire- South African Adaptation (HTQ-SAA), while their moral development was assessed by means of the Moral Judgment Test (MJT). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and both the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi square test was computed to draw inferences regarding the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development. The results of the study revealed that all of the participants were exposed to violence directly or indirectly on one or more occasion; however the frequency with which the participants were exposed to violence was lower than expected. The results of the MJT further indicated very low to low moral judgement competence scores for the majority of the sample. No significant correlation or association was found between the two constructs.
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Larery, Angela R. D. "Hierarchical neuropsychological functioning in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3949/.
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common types of pediatric cancers. Improvements in treatment within the last 20 years have resulted in reduced mortality and a greater focus upon quality of life. Several researchers have documented neuropsychological impairments in children following treatment for ALL; however, there have not been any comparative studies documenting differences in neuropsychological functioning based upon treatment modality despite the documented effects of radiation therapy and combined radiation/chemotherapy upon the developing brain. In addition, past studies have focused on unitary measures, ignoring the hierarchical relationship between basic cognitive functions and more abstract skills. This study examined the neuropsychological functioning of 81 children who were treated for ALL at a metropolitan children's hospital. All children were tested a minimum of two years after the final treatment session and were administered the NEPSY. Results do not support any interactions or main effects with the exception of the age of the child at diagnosis. Children diagnosed prior to the age of 5 showed greater impairments on tasks measuring attention, memory, and visuospatial reasoning in comparison to peers diagnosed after age 6.
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Peterson, Jordan Bernt. "Potential psychological markers for the predisposition to alcoholism." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39261.
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Sons of male alcoholics (SOMAs) are at increased risk for the development of alcoholism, and are apparently characterized by other abnormalities. It is possible that one or more of these abnormalities might serve as a marker for the alcoholic predisposition. Research described in this thesis, conducted in the hopes of identifying such a marker, was designed (1) to separate the relative pharmacological and psychological effects of acute alcohol intoxication upon neuropsychological functioning; (2) to investigate the neuropsychological function of SOMAs with a multigenerational family history of male alcoholism; (3) to examine the relationship between SOMAs' neuropsychological function and their cardiovascular hyper-reactivity to threat of and aversive stimuli; and (4) to investigate the relationship between a number of cardiovascular response patterns and voluntary weekly alcohol consumption. These studies are linked conceptually, within the context of a general theory of information-processing and action.
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Doudt, Karen Diane. "An analysis of changes in behavior of young children following the 1984 North Carolina tornadoes." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/438083.
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The purpose of this study was to identify and describe changes in behaviors of young children as reported by their parents following the March 28, 1984, tornadoes in eastern North Carolina.The population for the study consisted of 130 children (three, four and five-year-olds) whose parents had registered for disaster assistance with the American Red Cross after the tornado.The research instrument was the Pre- and PostDisaster Behavior Instrument constructed by the researcher to obtain data from parents regarding changes in behavior of the children following the tornado. Twenty-four interviewers were trained to administer the questionnaire to parents. The instrument yielded frequencies of forty selected behaviors during three time periods: (1) before the tornado to right after the tornado; (2) before the tornado to eight months after the tornado and (3) right after the tornado to eight months after the tornado. The McNemar test was employed to determine statistical significance between the responses for the three time periods. Statistical significance was reported provided two criteria were met: (1) ten percent or more of the subjects reported a change; and (2) the change was significant at the .05 level.FindingsChanges in behavior were found to be statistically significant in the three defined time periods. Females displayed more behavior changes than males, and retained those changes in behavior eight months after the tornado. Three and five year old children displayed more behavior changes than four year olds. Young children whose homes were destroyed experienced more behavior changes than children whose homes received minor or major damage. Children who were indirect victims exhibited a higher proportion of behavior changes than direct victims. The children who were at home during the tornado made more significant changes in behavior than children who were not at home.Fourteen changes in behavior were statistically significant at the .0000 level. Two behaviors, fear of loud sounds and fear of the wind, were reported to change significantly for more than half of the subjects. A significant relationship was found to exist between a limited number of parent behaviors and changes in child behaviors.
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Lo, Ka-yee, and 勞嘉儀. "Therapeutic play intervention in promoting psychological well-being inhospitalized children with cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43251389.
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Wang, Chaoping Violet. "Parenting styles and parents' attitudes toward learning and performance in their children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3048.
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The study attempted to show that parenting styles are directly related to parents' goals with respect to their children's education. Parents' goals, and the behaviors they motivate, were assumed to be a mechanism accounting for well-established effects of parenting style on children's school achievement. The sample consisted of 223 undergraduate college mothers enrolled in psychology courses. The results indicated that parents' use of an authoritative style was positively related to their adoption of learning goals with respect to their child, as evident, for example, in their use of a process focus and indirect homework assistance strategies. Moreover, mothers' use of an authoritarian style was positively related to their adoption of performance goals, as evident in their use of a product focus. Results are discussed in terms of goal theory and the limitations of self-report methods.
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Goff, Frances R. "Adult children of alcoholics : psychological functioning and problem alcohol use." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833462.
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Whereas many studies of adult children of alcoholics (COAs) have utilized clinical subjects, subjects in this study (n = 229) were relatively well functioning college students. The Children ofAlcoholics Screening Test (CAST; Jones, 1983) was utilized to define parental alcoholism.Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that COAs were more likely to exhibit symptoms related to poor psychological adjustment than were their non-COA peers. No significant psychological differences in male and female COAs were found. COAs scored significantly higher than non-COAs (p.< .01) on the Alienation scale of the Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI; Lanyon, 1978), indicating the greater similarity of COAs to those with psychiatric problems. Social Nonconformity, as a measure of psychopathic behavior, was higher for COAs than for non-COAs (p. < .001). COAs from lower income families demonstrated higher scores on the Discomfort scale (p < .01), which measures symptoms. Those subjects who reported parental greater symptomatology and anxiety than those who reported no parental depression (p. ( .001). Although parental divorce rates were higher for COAs (32.4%) as compared to non-COAs (10.9%), no significant association with any of the psychological variables was found for parental divorce.In comparison to non-COAs, both male and female COAs evidenced greater problem alcohol use (p < .001) measured by the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST; Selzer, 1971). As demonstrated by a MAST score of 7 or more, 88.8% of male COAs and 30.5% of female COAs indicated serious alcohol-related problems. Parental depression was also significantly related to problem alcohol use in subjects. It was found that the MacAndrew scale (MAC; MacAndrew, 1965) was of little utility for identifying subjects with problem alcohol use.Department of Educational Psychology
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Martinez, Teran Mercedes Leticia 1960. "MATERNAL BELIEFS AND FEEDING PRACTICES CONCERNING CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA AMONG MEXICANS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276571.
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Magane, Melidah Sekgena. "Father absence : psychological experiences of black rural adolescents." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27706.
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Yuen, Nga-yee Ada, and 袁雅儀. "The role of hope and rumination in childhood cancer adjustment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209670.
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In support of Snyder’s cognitive theory, hope has been found to be a positive factor in psychological adjustment among adult cancer patients and non-cancer paediatric patients with various illnesses. Nonetheless, Snyder’s cognitive theory of hope has not been specifically examined among childhood cancer patients and survivors. Unlike adult cancer patients, childhood cancer patients and survivors are characterized by early onset age in their cancer diagnosis which may mean that they face different psychological and physiological challenges. The identification of positive factors that attenuate negative psychological adjustment outcomes may be crucial in the development of effective therapeutic interventions.
Despite that previous studies support the correlation between hope and positive adjustment outcomes, the exact cognitive mechanism that underpins the cognitive theory of hope remains underexplored. Although Snyder postulated that hope is goal-directed thinking which comprises willpower and waypower, he failed to establish any association between hope and rumination. The role of rumination in predicting the onset of mood symptoms and maintaining psychopathology has been well-researched, but it is conceptually meaningful to investigate the potential association between hope and rumination and their respective roles in affecting psychological adjustments in cancer experiences.
The current thesis improves on the understanding of relationships between hope, rumination and cancer adjustment, and expands on studies of cancer adjustment by tapping into both positive and negative psychological outcomes, and examines how these two juxtaposed outcomes are associated with hope as mediated by positive and negative ruminations respectively.
Eighty-nine childhood cancer survivors from the Children’s Cancer Foundation in Hong Kong took part in questionnaires that measured their levels of hope, rumination, mood symptoms and self-perceived positive changes or post-traumatic growth (PTG). The findings suggest that hope is negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, which are specifically mediated by negative cancer-related rumination. Hope is also positively correlated with PTG, which is specifically mediated by positive cancer-related rumination. These results provide empirical evidence to support the postulation by Snyder that low hope individuals adjust poorly because they are more likely to have negative rumination. High hope individuals adjust better as they are more likely to engage in positive rumination which is associated with PTG. The overall findings provide a possible explanation for the cognitive mechanism that underlies hope.
A supplementary pilot study conducted measuring 20 childhood cancer patients’ hope level and mood symptoms over a period of nine months post-acute treatment also suggests patients have fewer prospective depressive symptoms have higher hope level in early measurement.
The findings of the current thesis have important clinical implications. The understanding of hope and its association with rumination and cancer adjustment may inform the specific development of hope-based therapeutic interventions for childhood cancer patients and survivors, such as the hope-based storybook developed in this study with the aim to increase the hope levels of childhood cancer patients.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
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Hamzah, Siti Hajar Binti. "Dental fear in children and adolescents from the public's perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46848964.
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Robinson, Derek, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Partnerships in performance : effective referral and collaboration between hockey coaches and psychologists." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/204.
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This study investigated the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) coaches' perceptions of the existing process of referral and collaboration between themselves and psychologists, as well as ways to improve this process. Thirteen of the 15 head coaches were interviewed. The Coach Interview Questionnair provided the framework for the semi-structured interviews. Participants provided responses which included demographic information, information regarding the current referral process, their current level of collaboration, their satisfaction, attitudes and beliefs about referral and collaboration, as well as what player problems require referrals. The findings indicated that there is a substantial need for psychologists to be involved with junior "A" hockey players. A comprehensive guidance and counselling program is recommended to the AJHL in response to the expressed needs for psychological services.x, 177 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Jacobson, Judy Rick. "Psychological and social effects of infant heart transplant on families." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/501.
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Jordaan, Cabriere. "An exploration of affirming family communication in families with adolescent children." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020054.
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Affirming or positive family communication is important to equip families and individuals to meet life challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between affirming family communication and family functioning, as well as the relationship between family functioning and the quality of communication between the adolescent and the father and mother respectively. Following this, affirming family communication was explored qualitatively from the perspective of the adolescent. A cross-sectional, quantitative survey research design was combined with an exploratory, qualitative design. The quantitative data was collected by asking participants to complete self-report questionnaires. The qualitative component consisted of focus groups discussing the topic of affirming family communication. One hundred first-year Psychology students of Stellenbosch University in South Africa completed the questionnaires. Fourteen of these students also participated in the focus groups. The quantitative results revealed a significant positive correlation between affirming family communication and family functioning. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between family functioning and openness in communication between the adolescent and the mother and father respectively. Three core categories (with sub- categories) emerged from the content analysis of the focus group discussions. These core categories were verbal affirming communication, non-verbal affirming communication and functional affirming communication. The findings of this study highlight the importance of affirming family communication, especially in families with adolescent children, while also providing a description of affirming family communication from the adolescent’s perspective.
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Wong, Kathy, and 王潔瑩. "Visual salience of children with high-functioning autism and their understanding of emotions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50639055.
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The present research investigated the nature of emotional understanding difficulties commonly observed among children with High-functioning Autism (HFA). The first study examined HFA children’s understanding of the literal meaning of emotion labels (symbolic representation of emotions). Participants were 27 children with HFA, aged 11 to 15, and 24 children with typical development (TD), matched on age and cognitive ability. They were asked to define 12 basic and complex emotions and to provide examples or personal experiences for each emotion. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in their ability to provide lexical definitions for both simple and complex emotions. They also did not differ significantly either in their ability to apply the emotion labels in daily examples or personal experiences. The second study examined the visual attention of the same groups of children and their ability to identify emotions (iconic representation of emotions), using eye-tracking technology. Participants were asked to view pictures and video clips with a target person showing an emotion. There were a total of four conditions: (i) photo showing the face of the person only; (ii) photo showing the target person along with another person ; (iii) silent video clip showing the target person with another person, with a short interaction prior to the showing of the target emotion; and (iv) video clip similar to Condition iii, but with auditory and visual distractions present. We wanted to examine if the children with HFA would identify the target emotions (3 basic emotions and 3 complex emotions) as well as the TD group, and whether their patterns of visual attention would be similar in response to stimuli with different degrees of contextual complexity. Results showed that the visual fixation time of children with HFA was similar to that of the TD group when the stimulus was a still picture showing a face only, and their accuracy in naming the emotions did not differ significantly. However, as the stimulus became more complex, being photographs with a background or video-clips with interactions, the HFA group attended less to the face of the person who displayed the emotions, and they became less accurate in naming both basic and complex emotions than their TD peers. The results also showed a trend of children with HFA attending more to the body of the people than TD children. The two studies provided evidence that HFA children’s difficulty with emotional perception is more a result of attentional idiosyncrasies in the face of complex daily situations than problems at the level of conceptual understanding.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
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Jongmans, Marian Jacqueline. "Perceptuo-motor competence in prematurely born children at school age : neurological and psychological aspects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021529/.
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This thesis focuses on perceptuo—motor competence in children born prematurely. The cohort, now 6 years of age, was highly selected and consisted of 183 children whose early cranial ultrasound appearance was well documented. In the literature review issues regarding the detection and classification of brain lesions, the outcome of follow up studies, and the description, identification and sub—grouping of children with perceptuo— motor problems are discussed. This is followed by an outline of the study undertaken and the results obtained. Overall differences in the performance on the neurological, perceptuo—motor, cognitive, behaviour and self—concept measures between the premature and reference groups are described. Prematurely born children showed more minor neurological signs and were less competent in age—appropriate perceptuo—motor tasks. Cognitive ability was generally lower in this group, but no differences with respect to the behaviour and self— concept measures were found. The relationship between early brain lesion and later perceptuo—motor competence was explored. Major haemorrhagic and/or ischaemic lesions were related to poor outcome. The prognosis of children with minor haemorrhagic and/or ischaemic lesions was more favourable although these children are clearly at an increased risk for more subtle perceptuo—motor problems as they grow up. The analyses suggested that among the group of children with perceptuo—motor problems six separate sub—groups existed. In addition to two sub—groups whose profile showed either average or below average performance across tasks, there were four sub— groups who showed specific problems with dynamic or static balance, ball skills or constructional tasks, respectively. Finally, the characteristics of children with poor constructional ability were examined in more detail. Using performance on a specially for this study designed form board task as an example, it was shown that in addition to quantitative profiles, qualitative descriptions of performance are important to gain a better understanding of subtle perceptuo—motor impairment in individual children.
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Young, Sharon Y. "Zookie: A program on self protection for pre-school age children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/389.
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Scheepers, Lucas Johannes. "Gesinsgehardheid in gesinne waarin 'n kind oorlede is." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17905.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A child’s death represents a traumatic loss, which can be understood as a crisis impacting on the family as a functioning unit. The purpose of the current study was to investigate grief and resilience in families in which a child has died, while specifically focusing on the internal resistance resource of family hardiness. A cross-sectional research design was implemented concurrently with intensive interviews conducted according to the principles of grounded theory. In total, 35 bereaved parents from the Western Cape participated in the study as representatives of 23 families. The participants each completed three questionnaires, a biographical questionnaire, the Family Hardiness Index and the Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8. Pearson and Spearman correlational analyses indicated significant positive correlations between family hardiness scores (including scores on the subscales for commitment, challenge and control) and family adaptation (measured by use of the Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8). Significant associations were also found between certain biographical variables and family hardiness. Intensive interviews were, furthermore, conducted with participants representing 12 different families. The analysis of interviewtranscriptions resulted in the formulation of various thematic categories, such as grief-reactions, continuing bonds, external support, religion, as well as the core category of family hardiness. A grounded theory was thus developed concerning grief and resilience in families in which a child has died. The results of the study reveal the importance of qualitative methods to explore the unique experiences of bereaved parents and families with the purpose of constructing applied interventions on the family level. The family hardiness concept was also clarified and shown to be a possible resistance resource conducive to family adaptation following the loss of a child.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dood van `n kind is `n traumatiese verlies, wat beskou kan word as `n krisis wat `n impak het op die gesin as `n funksionerende eenheid. Die doelwit van die huidige studie was om verdriet en veerkragtigheid in gesinne waarin `n kind oorlede is, te ondersoek, met `n spesifieke fokus op die interne weerstandsbron van gesinsgehardheid. `n Dwars-snit opname navorsingsontwerp is gebruik in oorleg met intensiewe onderhoude, wat volgens die beginsels van gegronde teorie gevoer is. In totaal is 35 ouers, woonagtig in die Wes-Kaap, betrek by die studie, wat opgetree het as verteenwoordigers van 23 gesinne. Die deelnemers het elk drie vraelyste voltooi, naamlik `n biografiese vraelys, die Gesinsgehardheid Indeks en die Gesinsgehegtheid en Veranderlikheid Indeks 8. Pearson en Spearman korrelasie-berekeninge het aangedui dat gesinsgehardheid-tellings (asook die tellings op die subskale vir toewyding, uitdaging en beheer) beduidend positief korreleer met gesinsaanpassing (gemeet met die Gesinsgehegtheid en Veranderlikheid Indeks 8). Beduidende verhoudings is ook gevind tussen sekere biografiese veranderlikes en gesinsgehardheid. Verder is intensiewe onderhoude gevoer met die verteenwoordigers van 12 gesinne. Die ontleding van onderhoud-transkripsies het gelei tot die formulering van verskeie tematiese kategorieë, naamlik verdriet-reaksies, die voortdurende verbintenis, eksterne ondersteuning en godsdiens, asook die kern-kategorie van gesinsgehardheid. `n Gegronde teorie is sodoende ontwikkel, wat betrekking het op verdriet en veerkragtigheid in gesinne waarin `n kind oorlede is. Die resultate van die studie wys op die belang van kwalitatiewe metodes om die uniekheid van bedroefde ouers en gesinne se ervarings te verken met die doel om gepaste intervensies op gesinsvlak te ontwikkel. Die konsep van gesinsgehardheid is ook verhelder en aangedui as `n moontlike weerstandsbron, wat bevorderlik is vir gesinne se aanpassing ná die verlies van `n kind.
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Hunt, Sonya. "Bereaved parents : central issues of bereavement." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/640.
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Chu, Wing-sze, and 朱詠詩. "An investigation of physical activity participation pattern and level in relation to metamotivational profiles in Hong Kong children usingreversal theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013846.
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Au, W. M., and 區慧敏. "Childhood obesity in Hong Kong: medical and psychological sequelae." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971416.
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Ruggill, Jane Sanders 1943. "Learning and behavioral outcome of coccidioidal meningitis in children." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277010.
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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States. Hematogenous dissemination of the etiologic agent produces a chronic basilar meningitis in a small percentage of children. While new and aggressive therapy has decreased mortality, children with coccidioidal meningitis (CM) continue to suffer significant morbidity. A comprehensive investigation of intellectual, achievement, and behavioral outcomes in a series of 9 children who were diagnosed and treated for CM at the Arizona Health Sciences Center between 1977 and 1988 was conducted. Nearest-age siblings were also evaluated. Findings revealed compromised cognitive abilities and an increased incidence of academic and behavioral difficulties in the patient group as compared to normative expectations and the performance of siblings. Results support the need for timely educational interventions to assist such patients in maximizing their potential in the academic environment.
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Wong, Sin-man, and 黃倩雯. "Executive functioning of students with high functioning autism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45589689.
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Roark, Beth A. "The relationship of Saturday morning television commercials viewed and the food consumption of third graders." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722788.
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The relationship of Saturday morning television food commercials viewed and the food consumption of third graders in the Franklin County Community School Corporation in Franklin County, Indiana, was investigated. Such information should help parents, dietitians, and teachers educate children, ultimately producing a healthier population. The results of this study could possibly assist the federal agencies revise guidelines to help protect the children.The independent variable measured was food commercials viewed on Saturday morning; the dependent variable was food consumed. The instrument was designed, pilot-tested, and administered by the researcher with subjects’ identities remaining anonymous.Following data collection, the relationship between the variables was tested using phi coefficient. The phi value of .470 was considered to be significant beyond the .05 level to .00000 level. It was concluded that foods viewed on television are significantly correlated with foods consumed.Department of Home Economics
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Bertoia, Judi. "Drawings from a dying child : a case study approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28964.
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Only in the past two decades have adults become aware that terminally ill children do know at some level when they are dying. This research used a case study format to investigate the changes in how one child dying of leukemia viewed herself. Specifically, it looked for symbolic and emotional themes which emerged in the material, including Decathexis (separation) and Rebirth. Each of twenty-eight drawings created by this child was analyzed in-depth for content by the researcher. Convergent material from hospital records and a parent journal supplemented the stories and teacher notes accompanying the drawings. Six experts from three countries also categorized each drawing for images of Decathexis and Rebirth. Initially, themes of threats, dreams, trickery and intuition appeared along with fear and sadness. Once the child seemed to clearly understand that she would die, these changed to fading and distancing images, indicative of separation. There was a slight increase in images supporting themes of resignation and happiness. Physical deterioration and resistance appeared throughout the series as distortions of a girl and dilapidated and edged houses. Themes of a new home and travel also appeared throughout. The classification by experts according to Decathexis and Rebirth resulted in unanimous agreement on twenty-five per cent of the pictures and two thirds of the experts agreed on the placement of eighty-six per cent of the pictures. It would appear that on one level the child knew from the beginning that she would die, but at another level she resisted that knowledge for a time. As clear awareness of death was developing, defensive themes such as trickery and dreaming appeared in stories which accompanied the drawings. However, the images, themes and convergent material suggest that she reconciled the dual awareness levels and worked towards acceptance of her fate.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Jones, Tracy L. "Depression, Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Coping in Children and Adolescents Newly Diagnosed with Cancer and Children and Adolescents on Cancer Treatment for a Period of Seven Months or Longer." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2467/.
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Differences in self-reported depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and coping were evaluated in two groups of pediatric oncology patients: newly diagnosed (less than six months post-diagnosis) (n=5) and patients on cancer treatment for seven months or longer (n=5). Participants (6 males, 4 females, ages 7-17 years) completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI-2); nine of the ten participants discussed in a semi-structured interview their personal experiences and feelings about having cancer. Although the newly diagnosed group had a higher mean score on the CDI than the 7 months or greater group, the difference was not significant (p = .054). The newly diagnosed group also had higher mean state and trait anxiety scores on the STAIC, indicating higher anxiety levels, and a slightly lower CFSEI-2 mean score, indicating slightly lower self-esteem than the 7 months or greater group, but differences were not at a statistically significant level (p>.05).
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Bretz, Sheila K. "A study of teacher perceptions of stuttering and dysphonic children." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/426070.
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Frigge, Caren. "Paternal child-feeding attitudes in relationship to the obese or lean status of their elementary school age son." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41551.
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The present study assessed the relationship between the paternal use of food in a contingency manner and the physical status of the respective son.
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been documented to be significant in this country (Mayer, 1968; Collipp, 1975; Forbes, 1975; Hafen, 1981). The etiology of the increasing percentages of obese children is based upon a variety of variables. Parental influence on children's eating habits and socioeconomic variables, which influence parents, appeared to be possible factors in the development of childhood obesity.
Master of Science
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Kellas, Marlen Joyce, and Lynette Christine Wheeler. "Bereavement support groups for elementary school-aged children: The impact on grief related problematic behaviors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1538.
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Anderson-Howe, Heather J. "Participation and motives in sport relative to perceived competence." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68068.
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Children's participation and motives in sport relative to their perceived athletic competence were investigated. One hundred and sixty-three grade 5 and 6 children from a suburban elementary school completed questionnaires designed to assess perceived athletic competence (PAC), sport participation, and participant motives. The sample, when divided into groups by level of sport involvement, revealed that participants at the higher levels had greater PAC than those at the lowest level. Boys and girls did not differ significantly in PAC. The children rated fun and skill/fitness as the most important motives for their participation in sport. When divided on the basis of PAC scores, the top one third of the sample scored significantly higher on all seven motives for participation in sport than the lower one third. Discriminant function analyses revealed that motives of challenge/team atmosphere and skill/fitness best differentiated the high from the low PAC groups. Girls participated to relax and have fun while boys may have been motivated to participate for the challenge and the team atmosphere. The results are interpreted in terms of school and community sport program development.
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Chan, Pak-yan, and 陳柏茵. "Evidence-based interventions to reduce parental peri-operativeanxiety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44622843.
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Westover, Frances Marie. "Group intervention to modify undesirable behavior in children who have experienced parental loss." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1172.
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This study uses a cognitive group intervention approach in an attempt to alter anti-social behavior in elementary school children who experienced parental loss. The findings demonstrate improvement in some behaviors and worsening in others.
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Arca, Genevieve Cordero. "The impact of siblings and parenting style on social skill development in young adult females." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1892.
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