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Academic literature on the topic 'Swimmers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Swimmers"

Ramugade, Manoj, Kishor Sapkale, Sapna Sonkurla, and Abrar Sayed. "Evaluation of prevalence of dental erosion in swimmers in the metropolitan city of India: A cross-sectional study." International Journal of Orofacial Research 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjorofacres.v7i1.776.

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Introduction: Development and research in medical sciences have increased the life expectancy of the masses resulting in the retention of more teeth in the oral cavity. This leads to the occurrence of various wasting diseases of teeth like attrition, abrasion, and erosion. Aim and Objectives: This study evaluates the prevalence of Dental Erosion (DE) and its severity among swimmers of chlorinated pool water in a metropolitan city in India. Material and Methods: In this study, 508 young and adult regular swimmers (including competitive swimmers) from various swimming pools were selected and examined clinically for the presence of DE. A structured questionnaire form was formulated to record the history of habitual swimming activity, diet, gastroesophageal reﬂux disease, history of intake of medications and acidic beverages, etc. for each swimmer. The data obtained were analysed and statistically evaluated. Result: Among 508 swimmer participants, 429 were males and 79 were females. Out of these 338 (66.54%), including 293 (57.67%) male and 45 (8.8%) female swimmers showed DE. The mean age of the swimmer was 33.64 years. The majority of swimmers showed Grade I (n=260, 76.92%) type severity followed by Grade II (n=73, 21.59%) and Grade III (n=5, 1.47%). 79 (15.55%) swimmers showed teeth sensitivity. The statistical test showed a positive correlation between the duration of swimming activity and the non-use of dental protective measures with the severity of DE (P<0.05). Conclusion: Swimmer’s erosion is mainly attributed to the acidic pH of pool water associated with chlorine amount and its severity depends upon the duration and period of swimming irrespective of the swimmer’s gender.

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Tanaka, Takahiro, Satoru Hashizume, Toshiyuki Kurihara, and Tadao Isaka. "The Large and Strong Vortex Around the Trunk and Behind the Swimmer is Associated with Great Performance in Underwater Undulatory Swimming." Journal of Human Kinetics 84, no. 1 (October 25, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0087.

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Abstract Swimmers can produce horizontal body velocity by generating and shedding vortices around their body during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). It has been hypothesized that the horizontal shedding velocity, area and circulation of the vortex around the swimmer’s body are associated with UUS performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the shedding velocity, area and circulation of vortices around swimmers’ bodies are correlated with the horizontal body velocity during UUS. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was conducted to obtain the vortex structure during UUS in nine male swimmers. Morphological and kinematic data of each subject were obtained and used to reconstruct the UUS movement on CFD. The horizontal velocity of the center of vorticity, the area and circulation of vortices around the ventral side of the trunk, dorsal side of shoulder and waist, and behind the swimmer were determined from the simulation results. Positive correlations were found between the vortex area and circulation around the ventral side of the trunk (area r = 0.938, p < 0.05; circulation r = 0.915, p < 0.05) and behind the swimmer (area r = 0.738, p < 0.05; circulation r = -0.680, p < 0.05), and the horizontal body velocity. The horizontal shedding velocity of the center of vorticity of the vortices around the swimmer’s body was not significantly correlated with the horizontal body velocity. These results suggest that the generation of a large and strong vortex around the trunk and behind the swimmer is associated with great UUS performance.

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Kenny, John, SarahJane Cullen, and Giles D. Warrington. "The “Ice-Mile”: Case Study of 2 Swimmers’ Selected Physiological Responses and Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0323.

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Purpose:“Ice-mile” swimming presents significant physiological challenges and potential safety issues, but few data are available. This study examined deep body temperature (BT), respiratory rate (RR), and swim performance in 2 swimmers completing an ice-mile swim of 1 mile (1600 m) in water less than 5°C.Methods:Two male cold-water-habituated swimmers completed a 1-mile lake swim in 3.9°C water. For comparative purposes, they completed an indoor 1-mile swim in 28.1°C water. The Equivital physiological monitoring system was used to record BT and RR before, during, and after each swim. Total time to complete the swims and 400-m splits were recorded.Results:One swimmer became hypothermic after 27 min while swimming, reaching BT of 33.7°C at swim’s end. On exiting the water the swimmers experienced large BT after-drops of –3.6°C and –2.4°C, reaching low points of 33.2°C and 31.3°C 38 and 23 min postswim, respectively. Respiratory rate and swim pace decreased over the course of the ice-mile swim for both swimmers. Swim pace for 1 swimmer declined sharply in the final 400-m lap of the ice mile when he was hypothermic. Both swimmers remained hypothermic 60 min postswim (34.2°C and 33.4°C).Conclusion:Ice-mile swimmers may become hypothermic while swimming, and the postswim BT after drop may expose them to dangerous levels of hypothermia. Pace and RR should be monitored as proxies for a swimmer’s physiological state. Postswim recovery should also be monitored for hypothermia for at least 1 h.

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Wu, Paul Pao-Yen, Toktam Babaei, Michael O’Shea, Kerrie Mengersen, Christopher Drovandi, Katie E. McGibbon, David B. Pyne, Lachlan J. G. Mitchell, and Mark A. Osborne. "Predicting performance in 4 x 200-m freestyle swimming relay events." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254538.

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Aim The aim was to predict and understand variations in swimmer performance between individual and relay events, and develop a predictive model for the 4x200-m swimming freestyle relay event to help inform team selection and strategy. Data and methods Race data for 716 relay finals (4 x 200-m freestyle) from 14 international competitions between 2010–2018 were analysed. Individual 200-m freestyle season best time for the same year was located for each swimmer. Linear regression and machine learning was applied to 4 x 200-m swimming freestyle relay events. Results Compared to the individual event, the lowest ranked swimmer in the team (-0.62 s, CI = [−0.94, −0.30]) and American swimmers (−0.48 s [−0.89, −0.08]) typically swam faster 200-m times in relay events. Random forest models predicted gold, silver, bronze and non-medal with 100%, up to 41%, up to 63%, and 93% sensitivity, respectively. Discussion Team finishing position was strongly associated with the differential time to the fastest team (mean decrease in Gini (MDG) when this variable was omitted = 31.3), world rankings of team members (average ranking MDG of 18.9), and the order of swimmers (MDG = 6.9). Differential times are based on the sum of individual swimmer’s season’s best times, and along with world rankings, reflect team strength. In contrast, the order of swimmers reflects strategy. This type of analysis could assist coaches and support staff in selecting swimmers and team orders for relay events to enhance the likelihood of success.

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Virozub, Evgenia, Oren Wiezel, Alon Wolf, and Yizhar Or. "Planar Multi-Link Swimmers: Experiments and Theoretical Investigation using “Perfect Fluid” Model." Robotica 37, no. 08 (February 18, 2019): 1289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718001510.

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SummaryRobotic swimmers are currently a subject of extensive research and development for several underwater applications. Clever design and planning must rely on simple theoretical models that account for the swimmer’s hydrodynamics in order to optimize its structure and control inputs. In this work, we study a planar snake-like multi-link swimmer by using the “perfect fluid” model that accounts for inertial hydrodynamic forces while neglecting viscous drag effects. The swimmer’s dynamic equations of motion are formulated and reduced into a first-order system due to symmetries and conservation of generalized momentum variables. Focusing on oscillatory inputs of joint angles, we study optimal gaits for 3-link and 5-link swimmers via numerical integration. For the 3-link swimmer, we also provide a small-amplitude asymptotic solution which enables obtaining closed-form approximations for optimal gaits. The theoretical results are then corroborated by experiments and motion measurement of untethered robotic prototypes with three and five links floating in a water pool, showing a reasonable agreement between the experiments and the theoretical model.

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Hamidi Rad, Mahdi, Vincent Gremeaux, Fabien Massé, Farzin Dadashi, and Kamiar Aminian. "SmartSwim, a Novel IMU-Based Coaching Assistance." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093356.

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Swimming coaches provide regular timed and technical feedback to swimmers and guide them efficiently in training sessions. Due to the complexity of swimmers’ performance, which is not visible in qualitative observation, quantitative and objective performance evaluation can better assist the coach in this regard. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used in swimming for objective performance evaluation. In this study, we propose a new performance evaluation feedback (SmartSwim) using IMU and investigate its effects on the swimmer’s weekly progress. Measurements were conducted each week with 15 competitive swimmers for 10 weeks using a Sacrum IMU. The SmartSwim report included a comprehensive representation of performance based on goal metrics of each phase extracted from the IMU signals. The swimmers were divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups. The SmartSwim report for each swimmer in the experimental group was given to the coach, who used it to adjust the training accordingly. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group when comparing each swimmer, each session and the whole sessions. At the level of each individual, more members of the experimental group showed significant downward trend of average lap time (Mann-Kendall trend test, 95% confidence level). While comparing the sessions, the experimental group showed significantly lower lap time than the control group from the sixth session onwards (p-value < 0.05 from t-test). Considering all sessions, the experimental group showed significantly higher progress, lower average lap time, and more consistent records (Mann-Whitney U test at 95% confidence level) than the control group. This study demonstrated that SmartSwim can assist coaching by quantitatively assessing swimmers’ performance, leading to more efficient training.

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Hinrichs, Richard N., and Scott P. McLean. "A Mathematical Model of Competitive Swimming in Pools with Currents." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 7, no. 2 (May 1991): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.7.2.163.

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Swimmers may be placed at a disadvantage when water in a pool is actively circulated during competition. This circulation may produce currents in specific lanes which add to a swimmer’s speed in one direction and subtract from it in the other direction. This article presents a mathematical model of swimming in a lane with a current. It predicts that even small currents can add significantly to a swimmer’s race time. The effects of the current will not equal out over an even number of lengths swum because the swimmer always loses more time swimming against the current than he or she gains from swimming with the current. Mathematical simulations of races of various distances show that the losses in time can range from 100ths of a second in a 100-m sprint to several seconds in the longer distances. Since circulating water may create currents only in specific lanes, some swimmers may be placed at a disadvantage compared to others. A simple solution to the problem of currents is suggested.

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Chambrion, Thomas, Laetitia Giraldi, and Alexandre Munnier. "Optimal strokes for driftless swimmers: A general geometric approach." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017012.

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Swimming consists by definition in propelling through a fluid by means of bodily movements. Thus, from a mathematical point of view, swimming turns into a control problem for which the controls are the deformations of the swimmer. The aim of this paper is to present a unified geometric approach for the optimization of the body deformations of so-called driftless swimmers. The class of driftless swimmers includes, among other, swimmers in a 3D Stokes flow (case of micro-swimmers in viscous fluids) or swimmers in a 2D or 3D potential flow. A general framework is introduced, allowing the complete analysis of five usual nonlinear optimization problems to be carried out. The results are illustrated with examples coming from the literature and with an in-depth study of a swimmer in a 2D potential flow. Numerical tests are also provided.

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van Rees, Wim M., Mattia Gazzola, and Petros Koumoutsakos. "Optimal morphokinematics for undulatory swimmers at intermediate Reynolds numbers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 775 (June 19, 2015): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.283.

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Undulatory locomotion is an archetypal mode of propulsion for natural swimmers across scales. Undulatory swimmers convert transverse body oscillations into forward velocity by a complex interplay between their flexural movements, morphological features and the fluid environment. Natural evolution has produced a wide range of morphokinematic examples of undulatory swimmers that often serve as inspiration for engineering devices. It is, however, unknown to what extent natural swimmers are optimized for hydrodynamic performance. In this work, we reverse-engineer the morphology and gait for fast and efficient swimmers by coupling an evolution strategy to three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of flows at intermediate Reynolds numbers. The fastest swimmer is slender with a narrow tail fin and performs a sequence of C-starts to maximize its average velocity. The most efficient swimmer combines moderate transverse movements with a voluminous head, tapering into a streamlined profile via a pronounced inflection point. These optimal solutions outperform anguilliform swimming zebrafish in both efficiency and speed. We investigate the transition between morphokinematic solutions in the speed–energy space, laying the foundations for the design of high-performance artificial swimming devices.

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Maity, Ruma, and P. S. Burada. "Chemotaxis of two chiral squirmers." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 4 (April 2023): 043611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139016.

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External gradients can strongly influence the collective behavior of microswimmers. In this paper, under an external linear chemical gradient, we study the behavior of two hydrodynamically interacting self-propelled chiral swimmers in the low-Reynolds number regime. We use the generalized squirmer model called the chiral squirmer, a spherically shaped body with an asymmetric surface slip velocity, to represent the swimmer. We find that the external gradient favors the attraction between the swimmers and, in some situations, leads to a bounded state in which the swimmers move in a highly synchronous manner. Furthermore, due to this cooperative motion, these swimmers reach the chemical target faster than individual swimmers. This study may help in understanding the collective behavior of chiral swimmers and in designing synthetic microswimmers for targeted drug delivery.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Swimmers"

West, Patrick L. "The world-swimmers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1251.

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This thesis has two main parts. The first comprises a collection of nineteen short stories, entitled The World-Swimmers. The second takes the form of an exegesis, 'Framing Fictions & Fictional Friendships,' which provides a critical commentary on the collection, and on the nexus of text and context. The stories vary in length from approximately 1,000 to over 4,000 words. Various writing styles are used to develop fictional explorations of a range of themes, which include: the relationship between the natural and the human worlds, the imbrication of local place and international space, obsession, entrapment, and desire. However, perhaps the most salient theme is that of the continuous interplay between ideas and daily life. The exegesis begins with a consideration of the concept of the artistic frame. A general theoretical analysis of framing, inspired by the chapter 'Parergon' in Jacques Derrida's The Truth in Painting, provides an anchor for more particular speculations about a few of the frames, no doubt actually many in number, which close over the unstable boundary of The World-Swimmers. The exegesis also argues that friendship-especially in its non-intuitive Forms-constitutes a stimulating 'matrix of thought' for considering the relationships that my collection has, to its thematic concerns, to the fiction of Jorge Luis Borges, and to certain literary genres. I suggest that The World- Swimmers is primarily a magical-realist text, which nevertheless presents many of the traits of postmodern writing.

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Sein, Mya Lay School of Medicine UNSW. "Shoulder pain in elite swimmers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26165.

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Shoulder pain in elite swimmers is common and its cause is unknown. One hypothesis is that repetitive swimming leads to shoulder laxity, which in turn leads to impingement and shoulder pain. An observational cross-sectional study was designed to test this hypothesis. Eighty elite swimmers (13-25 years of age) completed questionnaires on their swimming training, pain and shoulder function. They were given a standardized clinical shoulder examination, and tested for inferior glenohumeral joint laxity using a noninvasive electronic laxometer designed for this study. Fifty-two swimmers also attended for a shoulder MRI. The laxometer had good-excellent reliability for inter-observer (Intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.74) and intra-observer (ICC = 0.76) assessments of joint laxity. The reliability of MRI-determined supraspinatus tendinosis was excellent with a single experienced musculoskeletal radiologist (intra-observer ICC = 0.85) and fair for an inter-observer assessment including less experienced radiologists (ICC = 0.55). MRIdetermined supraspinatus tendinosis was present in 36/52 (69%) swimmers, including four international-level athletes. A positive impingement sign correlated with supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.49, p = 0.0002). The impingement sign had 100% sensitivity and 65% specificity for diagnosing supraspinatus tendinopathy. Shoulder laxity correlated modestly with impingement (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). There was no association between shoulder laxity and supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.24, p = 0.08). The number of hours swum/week (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) and the weekly mileage (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) both correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendinopathy whereas swimming stroke preference did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis performed with supraspinatus tendinopathy as the dependent variable showed the combination of hours swum/week and weekly mileage correctly predicted tendinopathy in 85% of elite swimmers. These data indicate that: (1) supraspinatus tendinopathy is a major cause of shoulder pain in elite swimmers; and (2) this supraspinatus tendinopathy is induced by the volume/dose of swimming; and (3) shoulder laxity per se has only a minimal association with shoulder impingement in elite swimmers. These finding in humans are consistent with animal and tissue culture findings which support the hypothesis that tendinopathy is related to the dose and duration of load to tendon cells.

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Ferrari, Gillian. "Masters swimmers' perceptions of coaching." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123233.

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Athlete satisfaction is often a direct result of coaching behaviours (Iso-Ahola & Hatfield, 1986). Effective coaches adapt to various antecedents such as level of competition, age, gender, and ability of athletes; there is not a 'one size fits all' model of coaching (Cushion, 2010). Although coaching science research has focused on many different levels of competition, one area that has received scant attention is coaches' of masters swimmers. This is important since only 15% of Canadian adults meet the current Canadian exercise guidelines (Stats Canada, 2013) and 75% of seniors are physically inactive (Warburton, Ashe, Miller, Shi, & Marra, 2009). Although athlete motivation is determined largely by their own beliefs, thoughts, and values, coaches represent an important motivational factor (Deci & Ryan, 2002). The purpose of this study was to explore masters swimmers experiences of coaching. In particular, this study examined the journey of masters swimmers in sport and identified the various coaching characteristics and behaviours that they felt promoted ideal training and competition environments that led to improved social, health, and performance outcomes. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used to guide the current analysis and Braun and Clarke's (2006) guidelines of thematic analysis were used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes within the data. Results revealed three themes which were called master athlete evolution, coaching knowledge and behaviours and outcomes. Despite the differences in career progression and experience of all the swimmers, several common coaching preferences emerged. These coaches established environments where the skills and values taught from their sport were promoted and encouraged in both sport and in life. Creating these positive environments was not about what the coaches did, but rather how they did it. The current coaches fostered environments that provided their athletes with positive social, health, and performance outcomes. This was accomplished through the coaches' influence on their athletes' motivation through their communication, organization, and teaching. Overall, these findings have provided a greater understanding of the preferred coaching behaviours of masters swimmers. Future studies investigating the influence of coaching on masters athletes or the coaching preferences of masters athletes may use these findings to advance research in this domain.
La satisfaction des athlètes, est souvent directement liée, aux actions et comportements des entraîneurs (Iso-Ahola & Hatfield, 1986). Les entraîneurs qui ont un impact positif, savent s'adapter aux antécédents de chaque athlète tels que : le niveau de compétition, l'âge, le sexe et les habilités de leur athlète. C'est pourquoi, il n'y a pas qu'un seul modèle d'entraînement qui convienne à tous (Cushion, 2010). Même si, ces dernières années, beaucoup de recherches scientifiques sur l'entraînement ont porté sur l'impact des différents niveaux de compétitions, un domaine qui a été grandement négligé est l'entraînement des athlètes maîtres. Ceci est primordial, puisque seulement 15% des adultes canadiens répondent aux critères canadiens d'exercices (Stats Canada, 2013) et 75% des personnes de l'âge d'or sont physiquement inactives (Warburton, Ashe, Miller, Shi, & Marra, 2009). Même si la motivation de l'athlète est grandement déterminée par ses propres valeurs et croyances, les entraîneurs jouent aussi un rôle important en tant que motivateur (Deci & Ryan, 2002). C'est pour cette raison que le but de cette recherche est d'identifier et d'expliquer les caractéristiques et les actions que les athlètes maîtres préfèrent de leur entraineur, basé sur les descriptions de maîtres-nageurs. La méthode qualitative descriptive a été utilisée pour guider la présente analyse. Six athlètes, maîtres nageurs décrivent individuellement leur style d'entraînement préféré et les caractéristiques recherchées chez leur entraîneur dans ce sport. Les critères d'analyse thématiques de Braun et Clarke (2006) ont été utilisées pour identifier, analyser et mettre en place des thèmes à travers les informations recueillies. Les résultats ont dévoilé trois thèmes : l'évolution de l'athlète maître, les connaissances et comportements de l'entraîneur et les résultats. Malgré les différences dans la progression de carrière et dans l'expérience de tous les nageurs, plusieurs préférences communes de style d'entraînement sont ressorties. Ces entraîneurs ont mis en place des environnements dans lesquels les habilités et les valeurs enseignées à travers leur sport ont été promues et encouragées dans le sport et dans la vie. Pour créer ces environnements positifs, l'importance n'était pas dans ce que les entraîneurs ont fait, mais plutôt comment ils l'ont fait. Donc, l'importance n'est pas dans le quoi, mais bien dans le comment. Les entraîneurs concernés ont développé des conditions où l'athlète bénéficie de plusieurs aspects positifs sur sa santé, sa performance et sa vie sociale. Ces réalisations ont été obtenues grâce à l'influence que les entraîneurs ont eu sur la motivation des athlètes, à leurs styles de communication, d'organisation et d'enseignement. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de cette étude aide à mieux comprendre les comportements que les maîtres nageurs préfèrent de leurs entraîneurs. Les résultats de cette recherche, à propos de l'influence des entraîneurs sur les athlètes maîtres et de leur type d'entrainement préféré, vont pouvoir servir de base pour d'autres recherches dans ce domaine.

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Labreche, Jane Marie. "The pulmonary profile of competitive swimmers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43744.

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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the nature of the following conditions in competitive swimmers: the occurrence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH), and the relationship to gender and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (Study 1), and the development of exercise-induced pulmonary edema (PE), and changes in oxyhemoglobin saturation (Study 2). Methods: Study 1: Twenty-one well-trained swimmers (10 male, 11 female) completed a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea test and an incremental swim test to exhaustion with pre and post-exercise spirometry. Metabolic data (VO₂, VCO₂, ventilation and heart rate) along with oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) were collected throughout exercise. Study 2: Baseline lung density was obtained in eight well-trained male swimmers using computerized tomography after 24 hours rest. After a standard warm-up, subjects performed 6 x 50m maximal effort intervals on 90 s. Oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate were collected across exercise intervals. Scans were repeated at 45-60 min post-exercise. Results: Study 1: Eleven of the twenty-one subjects tested positive for EIB. No subjects fulfilled our criteria for EIAH (SpO₂ ≤95% or ≥3% drop from resting values) despite a small mean drop in SpO₂ from rest to maximal exercise in both males and females. There was no correlation between EIAH and EIB (p=0.21). Study 2: For the duration of the intervals, mean saturation levels remained close to resting values. Mean lung density significantly increased (p<0.05) from pre to post-exercise, with no significant changes in lung volume between scans (p=0.28). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the swimming environment provides some protection against the development of EIAH in this population regardless of sex or presence of EIB. Furthermore, the development of pulmonary edema does occur and appears to be independent from oxyhemoglobin saturation. These results are likely attributable to the physiological response to water immersion and the horizontal body position associated with this form of exercise.

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Zhang, Yu. "Reactive inkjet printing of silk swimmers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19417/.

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Biological Micro-motors are one of the most remarkable products of evolution; they can perform biological tasks with surprisingly high efficiency. A novel form of miniaturized man-made self-propelled micro-motors based on silk have been designed and fabricated in this thesis. These ‘swimmers’ were made from regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin via 3D reactive inkjet printing under ambient processing conditions. While Bombyx mori silk exhibits impressive mechanical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, environmental stability, and morphologic flexibility, silk swimmers have expanded the range of potential applications even to the biomedical platform and sensitive protein therapeutics. Micro-motors are able to convert chemical or external energy into mechanical motion. Two different types of propulsion mechanisms were studied for silk swimmers: catalytically powered bubble propulsion and surface tension gradient powered.

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Oh, Yim-Taek. "Passive and active drag of paralympic swimmers." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/615953/.

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The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the development of an objective, evidence-based international classification system for para-swimmers by quantifying the effect of physical impairment on passive and active drag. The thesis comprises five studies. Study 1 identified a significant relationship between normalised passive drag and the para-swimmers’ International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Class, but an inconsistent difference in normalised passive drag between adjacent classes. High within-class variability in passive drag indicates that the current classification system does not always differentiate clearly between swimming groups. Study 2 found that anthropometric features of para-swimmers, such as height and body mass, differed significantly between IPC Classes, whereas Shoulder Width, Chest Depth, Shoulder Girth and Torso Girth did not. A weak correlation existed between para-swimmers’ anthropometry and their passive drag, which indicates that other factors, such as impairment type, may be more important predictors of passive drag than anthropometry. Study 3 revealed that certain impairments, such as double-leg amputation above knee level, may predispose a para-swimmer to a relatively high passive drag which disadvantages them in competition. Study 4 compared two methods of estimating active drag during front crawl swimming: the Naval Architecture Based Approach (NABA) and the Active Towing Method (ATM). The means were not statistically different. Using a sensitivity analysis, the NABA was identified as the more reliable method of assessing active drag. Study 5 found that active and passive drag of elite para-swimmers are highly correlated but no relationship existed between active drag and International Paralympic Committee S Class (IPC S Class), indicating that factors other than impairment level may be more important in determining active drag. The relationships discovered between drag, IPC Class, anthropometry and impairments will contribute to the development of the future IPC Classification system.

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Jang, Kyung Tae. "Energy balance in competitive runners and swimmers." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/459903.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the caloric intake and energy output of swimmers and runner during normal daily activities and training. Daily and energy expenditure of twenty college varsity swimmers and runners were measured. Four groups of subjects were categorized as male runners, female runners, male swimmers, and female swimmers with five subjects in each group. An additional twenty runners and swimmers recorded only dietary intake. Despite a large difference in body weight and body fat, the mean daily caloric intake was similar for the two groups (male swimmers: 3377 Kcal/d-1, male runners: 3463 Kcal/d-1, female swimmers: 2491 Kcal/d-1, female runners: 2037 Kcal/d-1). Comparison of data normalized for body weight showed that male runners were more active than swimmers. Male runners burned more calories (53.3 Kcal/kg. d-1) in a twenty four hour period than swimmers (47.6 Kcal/kg.d-1). In the case of the females, the trend was reversed. Female swimmers expended more calories (45 Kcal/kg .d-1) than runners (38.9 Kcal/kg.d-1) despite a lower food intake. Consequently, caloric intake and life style does not seem to explain body fat difference between runners and swimmers. The data in this study suggest that the greater body fat found in swimmers may be related to a physiological adaptation induced by swim training.

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Alqarni, M. S. "Spatial temporal distribution of helical gyrotactic swimmers." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3024800/.

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We consider a spherical swimmer that undergoes helical motion due to the existence of a propulsive torque which is not parallel to a propulsive force that pulls the cell through the fluid. In addition, the cell is bottom-heavy; the centre of gravity is offset from the centre of buoyancy which generates a gravitational torque. In the presence of shear, fluid viscosity generates a further torque. Because cells swim at low Reynolds number, these torques are balanced. This thesis extends the model developed in Bearon (2013) in two distinct directions. Firstly, we consider an extension to the case of a flow where the shear varies with position. We consider a downward flow in a vertical channel. We observe that depending on the parameters, cells may exhibit the classical accumulation towards the centre of the channel or display a new focussing away from the centre. Secondly, we develop the model to describe randomness associated with changes in cell orientation. This is done by developing a Fokker-Planck equation for helical swimmers in terms of Euler angles. The classical Fokker-Planck equation obtained by Pedley and Kessler (1992) is a special case of the equation derived in this thesis. To implement this model numerically as an individual based model, we derive the corresponding stochastic differential equations. The Fokker-Planck equation and stochastic differential equation are extended to examine the spatial-temporal distribution of helical swimmers. We explore in detail how the horizontal distribution of cells in channel flow evolves to an equilibrium state, and how the evolution depends on the model parameters. For non-helical swimmers, we compare the result of the model to the recent experiments of Croze et al (2017).

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Chan, Mee-lee. "An expost facto study of the influence of age group swimmers' competitive experience on their causal attributions for success and failure in academics." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17597262.

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Chan, Wai-him. "The anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of the elite age group swimmer in HK." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36996683.

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Books on the topic "Swimmers"

Wexo, John Bonnett. Swimmers. San Diego, Calif: Wildlife Education, 1989.

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Powell, Jillian. Swimmers. Minneapolis, Minn: Carolrhoda Books, 1992.

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Warner, Willian W. Beautiful swimmers. Harmondsworth: Penguin books, 1987.

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ill, Povelite Kay, ed. Surprising swimmers. Minocqua, Wis: Northword Press, 1996.

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Leggott, Michele J. Swimmers, dancers. Private Bag, Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1991.

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VORONCOV, Andrey. Modern methods of training elite swimmers. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1865999.

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The textbook is based on the personal experience of a well—known specialist in the field of swimming A.R. Vorontsov. Technologies of preparation of swimmers of the highest international level for the largest competitions — the European championships, the world and the Olympic Games are considered. The analysis of the modern system of training in swimming is given. The development of a system of views on the training of swimmers is shown. The modern directions and content of the training process of swimmers of various specializations are highlighted, the features of classes in water and on land are revealed. The modern periodization of the training process is presented and examples of the construction of highly effective training programs by the world's leading trainers in the annual cycle of swimmer training are given. The manual contains an extensive collection of training sessions and training series with a detailed description and methodological explanations of their implementation. For professional swimming coaches, teachers and students of universities of physical culture, as well as for anyone interested in swimming.

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Byars, Betsy Cromer. The night swimmers. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1992.

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Byars, Betsy Cromer. The night swimmers. Oxford: Windrush, 1991.

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Everett, Percival L. Swimming swimmers swimming. Pasadena, CA: Red Hen Press, 2011.

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Byars, Betsy Cromer. The night swimmers. Santa Barbara, Calif: Cornerstone Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Swimmers"

Grossman, Elizabeth. "Swimmers, Hoppers, and Fliers." In Chasing Molecules, 19–40. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-157-3_2.

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Mujika, Iñigo, and Emmet Crowley. "Strength Training for Swimmers." In Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training, 369–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75547-2_25.

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Raffini, Alessandra, Alex Buoite Stella, Miriam Martini, Laura Mazzari, and Agostino Accardo. "Influence of Fatigue in Swimmers Suffering from Swimmer Shoulder Pain." In IFMBE Proceedings, 91–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61628-0_10.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Local Controllability of 2D and 3D Swimmers: The Case of Navier–Stokes Equations." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 91–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_8.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Well-Posedness of 2D or 3D Bio-Mimetic Swimmers: The Case of Stokes Equations." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 41–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_5.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Well-Posedness of 2D or 3D Bio-Mimetic Swimmers: The Case of Navier–Stokes Equations." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 59–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_6.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Transformation of Swimmers’ Forces Acting in a 2D Incompressible Fluid." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 119–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_9.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Transformation of Swimmers’ Forces Acting in a 3D Incompressible Fluid." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 139–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_10.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in a 3D Incompressible Fluid: Empiric Modeling." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 31–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_4.

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Khapalov, Alexander. "Introduction." In Bio-Mimetic Swimmers in Incompressible Fluids, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85285-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Swimmers"

Zheng, Tony, and Yu Sun. "A Data-Driven Analytical System to Optimize Swimming Training and Competition Performance using Machine Learning and Big Data Analysis." In 3rd International Conference on Data Science and Machine Learning (DSML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121508.

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Many swimmers are constantly incorporating new and different training regimes that would let them improve quickly [2]. However, it is difficult for a swimmer to see their progress instantly. This paper develops a tool for swimmers, specifically swimmers, to predict their future results. We applied machine learning and conducted a qualitative evaluation of the approach [3]. The results show that it is possible to determine their future performance with decent accuracy. This application considers the swimmer's performance history, age, weight, and height to predict the most accurate results.

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Caldag, Hakan Osman, and Serhat Yesilyurt. "Dynamics of Artificial Helical Microswimmers Under Confinement." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7632.

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Understanding trajectories of natural and artificial helical swimmers under confinement is important in biology and for controlled swimming in potential medical applications. Swimmers follow helical or straight trajectories depending on whether the helical tail is pushing or pulling the swimmer. To investigate swimming dynamics of helical swimmers further, we present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for simulation of an artificial microswimmer in cylindrical channels. The microswimmer has a cylindrical head and a left-handed helical tail. The kinematic model solves for the position and rotation of the swimmer based on the linear and angular velocities of the force-free swimmer from a CFD model. Third-order Adams-Bashforth solver is used to obtain the orientation and the position of the swimmer. Viscous, gravitational, magnetic and contact forces and torques are considered in the model. The model is validated with experimental results. 3D trajectories, propulsion and tangential velocities are reported.

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Halvorson, Lori M. "Analyzing Compression and Buoyancy in Technical Swimming Suits." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-66275.

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This study entailed a scientific assessment of popular speculations related to technical (i.e. competition) swimming suits. Specific issues addressed include the effects that buoyancy and compression have on reducing the cross-sectional area of a swimmer’s body and thus reducing the form resistance and increasing the velocity of a swimmer. Analyses in this study were done for competitive female swimmers wearing a range of different technical suits. Body compression by the suits was quantified using the percent reduction of the cross-sectional area of a swimmer with each suit. Several race times swam in international competitions corresponded with the relative percent velocity increase for the corresponding suit. The buoyancy of each technical swimming suit was analyzed by determining the volume of air voids in each suit and the density of each suit. The volume and densities were used to calculate the reduced cross-sectional area of a swimmer’s body interacting with the water and the relative velocity increase for the least dense suit. It was found that the Jaked brand suit was the least dense but the overall reduction in the cross-sectional area of the swimmer’s body due to the swimmer floating slightly higher in the water did not indicate a significant speed advantage.

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Lee, Haechan, Miri Moon, Taiwoo Park, Inseok Hwang, Uichin Lee, and Junehwa Song. "Dungeons & swimmers." In UbiComp '13: The 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2494091.2494180.

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Verma, Siddhartha, Panagiotis Hadjidoukas, Philipp Wirth, Diego Rossinelli, and Petros Koumoutsakos. "Pareto Optimal Swimmers." In PASC '17: Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093172.3093232.

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Vasile, Luciela, and Monica Stanescu. "COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING IN SWIMMERS' TRAINING." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-236.

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Purpose: We consider that with computer assisted learning on the simulator (CALS) the swimmers' gestures can be improved through adjusting the command and control program, which represents a major necessity in their trainings. Computer assisted learning on WEBA SWIM ergometer can provide an accurate, intense and instant feedback, since in a motor act the adaptation and the command of higher systems are linked to a retroaction loop. This loop is a performance controller, which quickly diminishes the useless or wrong movements. Methods: The applied methods aimed towards establishing the efficiency of CALS. Eight male swimmers were investigated during an experimental study. The subjects were selected out of the best performers aged 10 to 13, while their physical activity was determined based upon some tests on the motor and technical proficiency. The components of the control group practiced only specific training in the water, while the experimental group benefited also from CALS. The experimental study lasted six months, at a frequency of three training sessions a week. Results: These experimental results validate the hypotheses of our study and, implicitly, prove the efficiency of the CALS. Considering the given outcomes, we think that computer assisted learning on the simulator can be recommended as an efficient complementary training for swimmers. Conclusions: In this discipline, any technical method is made up of successive or concomitant interventions of many muscular groups. They rely on the existence of some complex sets of nervous commands for each muscular group, incorporated into a unitary program of the whole movements. In our opinion, the control process can be realized more efficiently with the help of CALS. Furthermore, the use of some simulator training sessions based on different means and methods, such as those proposed by us, won't generate any more stereotyped efforts. Hence, swimmer's training should be adapted also to terrestrial settings.

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Acemoglu, Alperen, F. Zeynep Temel, and Serhat Yesilyurt. "Characterization and Modeling of Micro Swimmers With Helical Tails and Cylindrical Heads Inside Circular Channels." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73101.

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Micro swimming robots offer many advantages in biomedical applications, such as delivering potent drugs to specific locations in targeted tissues and organs with limited side effects, conducting surgical operations with minimal damage to healthy tissues, treatment of clogged arteries, and collecting biological samples for diagnostic purposes. Reliable navigation techniques for micro swimmers need to be developed to improve the localization of robots inside the human body in future biomedical applications. In order to estimate the dynamic trajectory of magnetically propelled micro swimmers in channels, that mimic blood vessels and other conduits, fluid-micro robot interaction and the effect of the channel wall must be understood well. In this study, swimming of one-link robots with helical tails is modeled with Stokes equations and solved numerically with the finite element method. Forces acting on the robot are set to zero to enforce the force-free swimming and obtain forward, lateral and angular velocities that satisfy the constraints. Effects of the number of helical waves, wave amplitude, relative size of the cylindrical head of micro swimmer and the radial position on angular and linear velocity vectors of micro swimmer are presented.

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Tabak, Ahmet Fatih, and Serhat Yesilyurt. "Validated Reduced Order Models for Simulating Trajectories of Bio-Inspired Artificial Micro-Swimmers." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30857.

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Autonomous micro-swimming robots can be utilized to perform specialized procedures such as in vitro or in vivo medical tasks as well as chemical surveillance or micro manipulation. Maneuverability of the robot is one of the requirements that ensure successful completion of its task. In micro fluidic environments, dynamic trajectories of active micro-swimming robots must be predicted reliably and the response of control inputs must be well-understood. In this work, a reduced-order model, which is based on the resistive force theory, is used to predict the transient, coupled rigid body dynamics and hydrodynamic behavior of bio-inspired artificial micro-swimmers. Conceptual design of the micro-swimmer is biologically inspired: it is composed of a body that carries a payload, control and actuation mechanisms, and a long flagellum either such as an inextensible whip like tail-actuator that deforms and propagates sinusoidal planar waves similar to spermatozoa, or of a rotating rigid helix similar to many bacteria, such as E. Coli. In the reduced-order model of the micro-swimmer, fluid’s resistance to the motion of the body and the tail are computed from resistive force theory, which breaks up the resistance coefficients to local normal and tangential components. Using rotational transformations between a fixed world frame, body frame and the local Frenet-Serret coordinates on the helical tail we obtain the full 6 degrees-of-freedom relationship between the resistive forces and torques and the linear and rotational motions of the swimmer. In the model, only the tail’s frequency (angular velocity for helical tail) is used as a control input in the dynamic equations of the micro-swimming robot. The reduced-order model is validated by means of direct observations of natural micro swimmers presented earlier in the literature and against; results show very good agreement. Three-dimensional, transient CFD simulations of a single degree of freedom swimmer is used to predict resistive force coefficients of a micro-swimmer with a spherical body and flexible tail actuator that uses traveling plane wave deformations for propulsion. Modified coefficients show a very good agreement between the predicted and actual time-dependent swimming speeds, as well as forces and torques along all axes.

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Iossifov, Rumen, and Mihail Kachaunov. "OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SHORT-, MIDDLE- AND LONG-DISTANCE YOUNG SWIMMERS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/81.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare the maximal oxygen consumption of highly trained adolescent swimmers competing in short, middle, and long distances, taking into account their skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass. These data may be useful for better assessing the aerobic capacity of young swimmers and better planning their training loads. A total of 92 swimmers (31 girls and 61 boys) aged 15–17 years who were part of the Bulgarian Youth National Swim-ming Team were included in the study. The participants were divided into groups according to the distance of their main event: short (50 and 100 m), middle (200 and 400 m), and long (800 and 1500 m) distances. Height, weight, muscle mass, and body fat mass of swimmers were measured to assess their physical development and body composition. Maximal aerobic test was performed on a cycle ergometer. There was only one statistically significant difference between female groups – in maximal oxygen consumption per body weight between short- and middle-distance female swimmers. There was a difference in muscle mass in percentages between short- and long-distance male swimmers. Differences between the means of three variables from the maxi-mal aerobic capacity test were revealed: between maximal workload per body weight of short-distance swimmers and middle-distance swimmers, between maximal oxygen consumption per body weight of short-distance swimmers and middle- and long-distance swimmers, and between maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass of short-distance swimmers and middle- and long-distance swimmers. In summary, short-distance swimmers had lower maximal oxygen consumption than middle- and long-distance swimmers. The results suggest that maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass can be used to assess the aerobic capacity of swimmers. The differences in this variable were more pronounced compared to the differences in maximal oxygen consumption per body weight, and in boys, they were even more statistically significant.

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Bougault, V., J. Turmel, and L. Boulet. "Rhinitis in Elite Swimmers." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5696.

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Reports on the topic "Swimmers"

Vosburgh, Rick. Reacquire Identify and Localize Swimmers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533106.

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Enríquez-Enríquez, Diego, Carlos Mecina-Zapata, Hernán Riveros-Cárcamo, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, and Francisco Guede-Rojas. Warm-up strategies and performance in competitive swimmers. A systematized narrative review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0038.

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Review question / Objective: In competitive swimmers, are warm-up strategies effective in improving time trial performance? The aim of this systematized narrative review is to analyze the state of the art regarding the effectiveness of warm-up strategies on time trial performance in competitive swimmers. Condition being studied: Effects of active, passive or mixed warm-up strategies on performance in time trials equal to or less than 200 meters applied in healthy competitive swimmers over 15 years of age. Information sources: An electronic search of the MEDLINE database was performed through PubMed.

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Kim Martini, Kim Martini. Can surfers and swimmers measure waves with their smartwatches? Experiment, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/66516.

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Langenfeld, Chris, and Ryan LaRocque. PowerSwim: A Novel Concept to Enhance Speed and Range of Combat Swimmers. Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582794.

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Valaik, Daniel J., Dale E. Hyde, John F. Schrot, and John R. Thomas. Thermal Protection and Diver Performance in Special Operations Forces Combat Swimmers (Resting Diver Phase). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384687.

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Valaik, D. D., K. Bowman, J. Schrot, and J. R. Thomas. Thermal Protection and Diver Performance in Special Operations Forces Combat Swimmers (Over-The-Beach Phase). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363542.

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Rehn, Karl W., and Penny K. Riggs. Non-Lethal Swimmer Neutralization Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406644.

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Stein, Peter J. Swimmer Detection Sonar Network (SDSN). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533059.

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Koopmann, Gary, and Chris Rahn. Underwater Threat Neutralization: Swimmer Defense. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533143.

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Will, Eric M. Novel Acoustic Projectors for Non-Lethal Swimmer Deterrence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533141.

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