Journal articles: 'SWATT'

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Reynolds, Richard E., and Eduardo Salas. "A Demonstration of Surface Warfare Advanced Training Technology." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 4 (October 1985): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900419.

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This interactive presentation consists of (1) a video tape demonstration of the Surface Warfare Advanced Training Technology (SWATT) research and demonstration training system and (2) this paper describing the system, its purpose, its human factors research areas, and information on the utility of the various training features incorporated in the system.

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Heo, Kyung-Soo, Hyun-Woo Choi, Hyun-Su Jang, and Young-Ik Eom. "Mutual Attestation Protocol using Software-based Attestation Scheme in Sensor Network Environments." KIPS Transactions:PartC 15C, no. 1 (February 29, 2008): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2008.15-c.1.9.

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Aritome, S., Y. Takeuchi, S. Sato, I. Watanabe, K. Shimizu, G. Hemink, and R. Shirota. "A side-wall transfer-transistor cell (SWATT cell) for highly reliable multi-level NAND EEPROMs." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 44, no. 1 (1997): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.554804.

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Młyniec, Agnieszka, and Hanna Bednarek. "Field Dependence, Efficiency of Information Processing in Working Memory and Susceptibility to Orientation Illusions among Architects." Polish Psychological Bulletin 47, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0012.

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Abstract This study examined cognitive predictors of susceptibility to orientation illusions: Poggendorff, Ponzo, and Zöllner. It was assumed that lower efficiency of information processing in WM and higher field dependence are conducive to orientation illusions. 61 architects (30 women) aged M = 29, +/- 1.6, and 49 university students (29 women) aged M = 23.53, +/- 4.24, were tested with Witkin’s EFT to assess their field dependence; the SWATT method was used as a measure of WM efficiency, and susceptibility to visual illusions was verified with a series of computer tasks. We obtained a small range of the explained variance in the regression models including FDI and WM indicators. On the basis of WM efficiency indicators, we managed to confirm the existence of memory predictors of susceptibility to illusions (they are rather weak, as they explain from 6% to 14% of the variance of the dependent variable). Among the architects, lower efficiency of WM processing (weaker inhibition, task-switching) and higher field dependence are responsible for greater susceptibility to orientation illusions.

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Zhang, Ying, Jinliang Hou, Yongpan Cao, Juan Gu, and Chunlin Huang. "OpenMP parallelization of a gridded SWAT (SWATG)." Computers & Geosciences 109 (December 2017): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.08.002.

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Duane, Sinead, Akke Vellinga, Valerie Smith, Marie Tierney, Claire Beecher, Megan Burke, Andrew W. Murphy, and Declan Devane. "The effectiveness of digital multimedia presentation of trial information on recruitment and retention of patients: Protocol for a study within a trial (SWAT)." HRB Open Research 3 (March 30, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12994.1.

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Background: Studies within trials (SWATs) present an opportunity to examine design factors that may impact on the successful delivery of trials. One area in need of research is trial recruitment. Recruiting patients to trials is a major challenge facing trialists. Failure to meet recruitment targets can result in delays and underpowered studies. This SWAT evaluates the effectiveness of hand-held digital multimedia presentation of trial information and standard written patient information to potential participants on recruitment and retention to a host trial. Methods: This is the protocol for SWAT 15, a two-group, embedded parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) (ISRCTN12838042) designed within a host trial - the SATIN trial (ISRCTN88111427), a RCT designed for implementation in the Irish primary care setting. The SWAT eligibility criteria was determined by the host trial. General practices who agree to participate in the host trial will provide women (participants) who are willing to consider participating in the host trial with either a multimedia digital information resource facilitated through a handheld tablet device, plus a written participant information leaflet (Intervention) or a written participant information leaflet (comparator). Outcomes are recruitment and retention to the host SATIN trial and participant’s quality of decision-making. Discussion: Although designed to be implemented in a host trial, the host trial, was suspended and therefore this SWAT was not implemented. The protocol and the lessons learnt whilst developing it offer guidance to researchers who wish to answer similar research questions in the future in a similar context or setting. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12838042 (11/10/2017)

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Salles, Leandro De Almeida, Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima, Henrique Marinho Leite Chaves, Sara Ferrigo, and Heloisa Do Espirito Santo Carvalho. "Impacts of Using Different Soil Databases on Streamflow Simulation in an Experimental Rural Catchment of the Brazilian Savanna (Impactos do Uso de Diferentes Bases de Dados na Simulação da Vazão em uma Represa Experimental Rural da Savanna Brasileira)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 8, no. 1 (October 18, 2015): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.1.p187-195.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil database influence on streamflow simulation using the SWAT model in the experimental catchment of the Pipiripau river (235 km²), located in Brazilian savanna (Cerrado biome). To achieve this goal, two databases were used, one developed with data collected nearby the Pipiripau region (SDB1), and another one with data from literature (SDB2). The evaluation was performed using a streamflow historical time series of 10 years (1989-1998), on monthly and daily basis. The analysis was made without calibration, using only the results from SWATs first simulation, as it was applied in an ungagged basin. For daily simulations, the Nash & Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), the adapted Nash & Sutcliffe model efficiency (ANSE), and the Percent Bias (PBIAS) were respectively -11.88, -11.80, and -23.15% for SDB1, and -9.94, -9.88, and -84.72, for SDB2. For the monthly simulations, the NSE, ANSE, and PBIAS results were, respectively,-1.78, -2.98, and -24.53% for SDB1, and 6.51, 9.88, and -84.72 for SDB2. Even if the PBIAS analysis and the annual water budget results for the SDB1 simulations had better results, the negative values of NSE and ANSE indicates that, without calibration, the simulations failed to represent observed data. It is remarkable that the use of SDB1 visibly improved daily baseflow simulations during the rainy season. The results indicate the importance of developing specific soil databases for different regions, as well as research on other parameters in order to improve SWATs physical basis.

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Fonseca, Cláudia Adriana Bueno da, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Richarde Marques da Silva, Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos, Bilel Zerouali, Daniel Bezerra de Oliveira, and Ahmed Elbeltagi. "Investigating Relationships between Runoff–Erosion Processes and Land Use and Land Cover Using Remote Sensing Multiple Gridded Datasets." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11050272.

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Climate variability, land use and land cover changes (LULCC) have a considerable impact on runoff–erosion processes. This study analyzed the relationships between climate variability and spatiotemporal LULCC on runoff–erosion processes in different scenarios of land use and land cover (LULC) for the Almas River basin, located in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Landsat images from 1991, 2006, and 2017 were used to analyze changes and the LULC scenarios. Two simulations based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were compared: (1) default application using the standard model database (SWATd), and (2) application using remote sensing multiple gridded datasets (albedo and leaf area index) downloaded using the Google Earth Engine (SWATrs). In addition, the SWAT model was applied to analyze the impacts of streamflow and erosion in two hypothetical scenarios of LULC. The first scenario was the optimistic scenario (OS), which represents the sustainable use and preservation of natural vegetation, emphasizing the recovery of permanent preservation areas close to watercourses, hilltops, and mountains, based on the Brazilian forest code. The second scenario was the pessimistic scenario (PS), which presents increased deforestation and expansion of farming activities. The results of the LULC changes show that between 1991 and 2017, the area occupied by agriculture and livestock increased by 75.38%. These results confirmed an increase in the sugarcane plantation and the number of cattle in the basin. The SWAT results showed that the difference between the simulated streamflow for the PS was 26.42%, compared with the OS. The sediment yield average estimation in the PS was 0.035 ton/ha/year, whereas in the OS, it was 0.025 ton/ha/year (i.e., a decrease of 21.88%). The results demonstrated that the basin has a greater predisposition for increased streamflow and sediment yield due to the LULC changes. In addition, measures to contain the increase in agriculture should be analyzed by regional managers to reduce soil erosion in this biome.

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Cheema, Zumra Nawaz. "Critical Analysis of the Works by Fredrik Barth, Akbar S. Ahmed, and Charles Lindholm on Swat Pashtuns." European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion 6, no. 2 (December 7, 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.1299.

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This paper focused on analysing the three very famous ethnographic works on Pukhtun Society of Swat. First, the work of Fredrik Barth “Political Leadership among Swath Pathans, was analysed then analysis of counter work to Barth’s done by Akbar S. Ahmed, “Millennium and Charisma among Pathans”, then there was critical review of the work by Charles Lindholm “Frontier Perspectives: Essays on Comaritive Anthropology”. Works of Louis Dupree, Talal Asad and Micheal Meeker, have also consulted to critically analyse the works of the mentioned authors. This paper is an effort to examine the fact that the works of Fredrik Barth, Akber S. Ahmed, and Charles Lindholm present partially true picture about the socio-economic settings of Swat Pashtuns but not a fully appropriate, impartial and correct image of that society. If one would fully depend on these works to understand the economic and political circumstances of Swat society, then it would be probably insufficient and misleading owing to a significant difference in the writings of all these writers though written from the same society. It means that all of them were writing from the different positions, from separate cultural, educational and professional backgrounds. Their backgrounds have great influence on their writing, which made their work subjective and biased. Thus, it assumes that though an anthropologist tries to remain impartial and objective while writing about any culture, he cannot be, because of his cultural restriction. So, there is an effort to give an answer to the research question by applying the idea of post-modernist approach of James Clifford “writing culture”, also getting support by the Michel Foucault ideas of “Knowledge/Power” in discourse analysis. Thus, it is supposed here that work of each above mentioned authors is a partial truth, because in an ethnographic work author plays a central role and he writes ethnography as an auto-biography (based on his/her cultural limitation).

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Smith, J., and H. F. Jordaan. "Edgar Swart." South African Medical Journal 110, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2019.v110i1.14457.

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Toerien, Barend J., and Gawie Kellerman. "Swart sendelinge." World Literature Today 66, no. 4 (1992): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40148788.

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Gore, Jerry L. "SWATH SHIPS." Naval Engineers Journal 97, no. 2 (February 1985): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1985.tb03396.x.

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Konings, Jos. "Siebe Swart." Tijdschrift voor VerpleeghuisGeneeskunde 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03078486.

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Molina, Tomás Felipe. "El sistema westfaliano: un análisis desde la teología política de Nicolás Gómez Dávila." Papel Político 21, no. 2 (May 23, 2017): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.papo21-2.swat.

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<p>En este artículo, se quieren analizar las características principales del sistema westfaliano a partir de la teología política que Nicolás Gómez Dávila desarrolla en Textos I. Principalmente, se intentará mostrar que los Estados westfalianos toman los atributos de Dios y sustituyen a la divinidad en el papel que tenía en la Edad Media: reclaman para sí mismos la soberanía y la fundamentación axiológica y ontológica de los elementos del sistema. A partir de lo anterior, el artículo pretende señalar y analizar varios puntos. Primero, la anarquía estructural que surge con Westfalia no es un mero hecho político, sino que también es producto de una decisión teológica fundamental: quitarle a Dios la soberanía y autoridad supremas que jerarquizaban el sistema medieval para dividirlas entre Estados formalmente iguales en situación de anarquía. Segundo, el sistema internacional moderno es nihilista, puesto que con la muerte de Dios ya no hay un orden absoluto de las cosas, sino una situación en la que solo la fuerza de la voluntad estatal decide lo que tiene valor o no. Tercero, la diferencia interpretativa que hay entre Gómez Dávila y las narrativas tradicionales puede leerse como una lucha ideológica por darle contenido a un significante vacío en el sentido de Žižek. Finalmente, la postura de Gómez Dávila podría leerse como una hermenéutica de la sospecha que desvela los aspectos teológicos ocultos en un fenómeno aparentemente secular como el sistema westfaliano.</p>

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Coleman, Elizabeth, Rachel Whitemore, Laura Clark, Karen Daykin, and Miranda Clark. "Pre-notification and personalisation of text-messages to retain participants in a smoking cessation pregnancy RCT: an embedded randomised factorial trial." F1000Research 10 (July 22, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51964.1.

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Background: Low response rates in randomised controlled trials can compromise the reliability of the results, so ways to boost retention are often implemented. Although there is evidence to suggest that sending a text message to participants increases retention, there is little evidence around the timing or personalisation of these messages. Methods: A two-by-two factorial SWAT (study within a trial) was embedded within the MiQuit-3 trial, looking at smoking cessation within pregnant smokers. Participants who reached their 36-week gestational follow-up were randomised to receive a personalised or non-personalised text message, either one week or one day prior to the telephone follow-up. Primary outcomes were completion rate of questionnaire via telephone. Secondary outcomes included: completion rate via any method, time to completion, and number of reminders required. Results In total 194 participants were randomised into the SWAT; 50 to personalised early text, 47 to personalised late text, 50 to non-personalised early text, and 47 to non-personalised late text. There was no evidence that timing of the text message (early: one week before; or late: one day before) had an effect on any of the outcomes. There was evidence that a personalised text would result in fewer completions via telephone compared with a non-personalised text (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.87, p=0.02). However, there was no evidence to show that personalisation or not was better for any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusion Timing of the text message does not appear to influence the retention of participants. Personalisation of a text message may be detrimental to retention; however, more SWATs should be undertaken in this field.

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Michael, Mark A. "To Swat or Not to Swat." Environmental Ethics 18, no. 2 (1996): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics199618230.

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Cochrane, Ann, Charlie Welch, Caroline Fairhurst, Sarah Cockayne, and David J. Torgerson. "An evaluation of a personalised text message reminder compared to a standard text message on postal questionnaire response rates: an embedded randomised controlled trial." F1000Research 9 (February 26, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22361.1.

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Background: Research outcome data is commonly collected using postal questionnaires; however, poor response can introduce bias and reduce statistical power. Text messaging is simple, cost-effective, and can be customised to the individual. Personalised, reminder text messages may improve response rates. Methods: A two-arm, parallel group ‘Study within a Trial’ (SWAT) was embedded within the Occupational Therapist Intervention Study (OTIS), a randomised controlled trial of a home assessment for falls prevention in older people. OTIS participants who provided a mobile phone number were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either a personalised text message (Title, Surname, plus York Trials Unit (YTU) text) or the standard YTU text alone, prior to receiving their four-month post-randomisation follow-up postal questionnaire. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants who returned the questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: time to response, completeness of response, requirement of a reminder letter, and cost-effectiveness. Binary data were compared using logistic regression and time to response by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 403 participants were randomised: 201 to the personalised text and 202 to the standard text. Of the 283 participants included in the final analysis, 278 (98.2%) returned their questionnaire; 136 (97.8%) for the personalised text versus 142 (98.6%) for the standard text (adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.10 to 3.88, p=0.63). The median time to response was nine days in both groups. In total, 271 (97.5%) participants returned a complete questionnaire; 133 (97.8%) in the personalised text versus 138 (97.2%) for the standard text. In total, 21 reminder letters were sent. The additional cost of personalised text messages was £0.04 per participant retained. Conclusions: Personalised texts were not superior to standard texts in any outcome assessed in our study. Further SWATs are needed to perform a meta-analysis and obtain more evidence. Registration: ISRCTN22202133; SWAT 35.

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Hergarten, S., J. Robl, and K. Stüwe. "Generalized swath profiles." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2013): 387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-387-2013.

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Abstract. We present a new method to extend the widely used geomorphic technique of swath profiles towards curved structures such as river valleys. The basic idea consists in using the oriented distance from a given baseline (e.g., a valley floor) as the profile coordinate. The method can be implemented easily and avoids almost all problems related to alternative ideas of generalizing the concept of swath profiles. Some examples of the application to valleys, a large subduction zone, and an impact crater are provided in order to illustrate the capabilities of the method.

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Cross, Jonathan, George Benjamin, and James Dillon. "Swats and Rockers." Musical Times 137, no. 1844 (October 1996): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1003870.

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Valcke, Elke. "Swart Afrikaans gemeenskapstheater." Documenta 17, no. 4 (June 1, 2019): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v17i4.11269.

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Toerien, Barend J., Ernst van Heerden, Ernst van Heerden, and Jean Branford. "Die swart skip." World Literature Today 60, no. 3 (1986): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40142404.

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SWETT, CHESTER. "Dr. Swett Replies." American Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 3 (March 1991): 399—a—400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.3.399-a.

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Currie, A., and M. A. Brown. "Wide-swath SAR." IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing 139, no. 2 (1992): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-2.1992.0016.

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Klein, George C. "Thinking SWAT." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 3, no. 1 (April 28, 2003): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v03n01_05.

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Yusuf, Ilona. "from Swat." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (May 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557241.

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Chapman, Suzy. "Virtual swat." New Scientist 213, no. 2856 (March 2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)60699-x.

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Zare, Mohammad, Shahid Azam, and David Sauchyn. "A Modified SWAT Model to Simulate Soil Water Content and Soil Temperature in Cold Regions: A Case Study of the South Saskatchewan River Basin in Canada." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 10804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710804.

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Soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature are important hydrologic state variables. Accurate model simulation is critical in hydrologic regimes in cold regions dominated by spring snowmelt. In this study, we developed a combined physically-based soil temperature and energy-balance rain-on-snow (ROS) module for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and applied it to the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB). We calibrated the SWAT base (SWAT-B) model and the SWAT modified (SWAT–M) model using daily measured soil temperature and SWC by hydrological response unit (HRU) for the years 2015 to 2020. The results of sensitivity analysis using the SUFI-2 technique in SWAT-CUP indicated that eight parameters have the most significant (p < 0.5) effect on streamflow, soil moisture, and snowmelt. Statistics for the SWAT-B and SWAT-M streamflow models revealed that the new module improved the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) from 0.39 to 0.71 and 0.42 to 0.76 for calibration and validation, respectively. The statistics for SWAT-simulated daily SWC showed that the measured data were a better fit with SWAT-M versus the SWAT-B output. Furthermore, SWAT-B values exceeded SWAT-M output and field measurements, and thus, the range of SWAT-M results was a better fit with observations. SWAT-B tended to underestimate soil temperature in the cold season, while SWAT-M significantly improved soil temperature simulation for winter. This new SWAT module simulated freeze-thaw cycles and captured the influence of snow cover on surface soil ice-water content. Spatial analysis of SWC and soil temperature across the SSRB showed that the SWAT-M model predicted more SWC and lower soil temperature in the western part of SSRB than SWAT-B, with higher soil temperature and lower SWC in the eastern region.

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Lamond, W. J., H. B. Spencer, R. Graham, and A. B. Moore. "Effect of thin layer drying rate and swath architecture on the rate of grass swath drying under controlled conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 113, no. 1 (August 1989): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084616.

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SUMMARYA total of 51 grass swaths was dried in a wind tunnel under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The swath treatments covered a range of conditioning treatments, crop types, maturities and porosities. Drying rates of the swaths were related to crop and swath properties to establish which variables were important in influencing the overall drying rates of the swaths. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the statistical dependence of drying rate on variables reflecting crop and swath properties: the dependence on swath structure was approximately four times greater than the dependence on crop conditioning. Improved swath drying rates could be achieved by lesssophisticated machinery than the current mower conditioners.

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Lamb, G. Robed. "Some Guidance for Hull Form Selection for SWATH Ships." Marine Technology and SNAME News 25, no. 04 (October 1, 1988): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1988.25.4.239.

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Even though in 1987 there were only a dozen SWATH (smali-waterplane-area twin-hull) craft and ships afloat around the world, word of their markedly superior seakeeping performance is spreading rapidly. The number of SWATH vessels is likely to double within five years. As in many other areas of technology, the United States and Japan are the acknowledged leaders in the development and practical application of the SWATH concept. This paper reviews the characteristics of existing SWATH craft and ships from the standpoint of the stated seakeeping objective. Hull form differences between four SWATH craft and ships, including the Navy's SSP Kairnalino, are analyzed and interpreted. Important considerations for the early-stage design of a SWATH ship are discussed. Differences in the range of feasible hull form geometries for coastal areas and unrestricted ocean operations, and for low-speed versus moderately high-speed applications, are pointed out.

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Yuan, Lifeng, and Kenneth J. Forshay. "Evaluating Monthly Flow Prediction Based on SWAT and Support Vector Regression Coupled with Discrete Wavelet Transform." Water 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172649.

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Reliable and accurate streamflow prediction plays a critical role in watershed water resources planning and management. We developed a new hybrid SWAT-WSVR model based on 12 hydrological sites in the Illinois River watershed (IRW), U.S., that integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with a Support Vector Regression (SVR) calibration method coupled with discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) to better support modeling watersheds with limited data availability. Wavelet components of the simulated streamflow from the SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedure (SWAT-CUP) and precipitation time series were used as inputs to SVR to build a hybrid SWAT-WSVR. We examined the performance and potential of the SWAT-WSVR model and compared it with observations, SWAT-CUP, and SWAT-SVR using statistical metrics, Taylor diagrams, and hydrography. The results showed that the average of RMSE-observation’s standard deviation ratio (RSR), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and root mean square error (RMSE) from SWAT-WSVR is 0.02, 1.00, −0.15, and 0.27 m3 s−1 in calibration and 0.14, 0.98, −1.88, and 2.91 m3 s−1 in validation on 12 sites, respectively. Compared with the other two models, the proposed SWAT-WSVR model possessed lower discrepancy and higher accuracy. The rank of the overall performance of the three SWAT-based models during the whole study period was SWAT-WSVR > SWAT-SVR > SWAT-CUP. The developed SWAT-WSVR model supplies an additional calibration approach that can improve the accuracy of the SWAT streamflow simulation of watersheds with limited data.

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Tato, Heryanto, Musadia Afa, and Djunarlin Tojang. "Effect of Procal Lime on the Growth and Results of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Agrotech Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/atj.v2i1.936.

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The results showed that giving doses of procal lime 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) shows the length of the longest plants i.e. 94,83 cm, the number of leaves by administering a dose of lime procal 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) show the number of leaves that most namely 26,78 strands, the age of the plants start flowering by administering a doses of procal lime 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) speed up the start of flowering plants age i.e. 26,78 (days after planting), the age of the plants begin to bear fruit by administering doses procal lime 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) accelerating the age of the plants start fruiting i.e. 29,33 (days after planting), the amount of fruit plants by administering a doses of procal lime 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) show the number of the most plant fruits namely 12,44 and the weight of the fruit plants by administering a doses of procal lime 4,6875 Kg/swath (Ca3) show the weight of the heaviest fruit i.e. 0,55 Kg

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Krebs, Jerome R. "Three‐dimensional migration of swath surveys." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 9 (September 1990): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442941.

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A three‐dimensional (3-D) wave‐equation migration program is used to migrate swath data (swath data are here defined as a very narrow 3-D survey consisting of approximately ten seismic lines and having a width of about 500 m). Three‐dimensionally migrated swath data give an accurate 3-D image of the subsurface and have a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than 2-D data. These advantages are gained at the expense of lateral resolution in the crossline direction and less extensive 3-D subsurface coverage. Since swaths are on the order of one‐tenth the size of a normal 3-D survey, the costs of gathering and processing swath data are about 10 percent those of a conventional 3-D survey. Thus 3-D migrated swath surveys are a practical means of producing 3-D images in areas where the expense of conventional 3-D surveys is not justified. Following 3-D wave‐equation migration, inlines from the swath data are geologically interpretable. However, crosslines from the swath data are dominated by migration artifacts (often called migration smiles), making them uninterpretable. Relatively high‐amplitude portions of these migration smiles indicate where the data were accurately migrated. These facts lead to a two‐step method of interpreting 3-D migrated swath data. First the inlines are interpreted geologically, then the accuracy of that interpretation is verified by tying it to the crossline data.

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Coleman, Elizabeth, Rachel Whitemore, Laura Clark, Karen Daykin, and Miranda Clark. "Pre-notification and personalisation of text messages to increase questionnaire completion in a smoking cessation pregnancy RCT: an embedded randomised factorial trial." F1000Research 10 (September 30, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51964.2.

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Background: Low completion rates of questionnaires in randomised controlled trials can compromise the reliability of the results, so ways to boost questionnaire completion are often implemented. Although there is evidence to suggest that sending a text message to participants increases completion, there is little evidence around the timing or personalisation of these text messages. Methods: A two-by-two factorial SWAT (study within a trial) was embedded within the MiQuit-3 trial, looking at smoking cessation within pregnant smokers. Participants who reached their 36-week gestational follow-up were randomised to receive a personalised or non-personalised text message, either one week or one day prior to their follow-up. Primary outcomes were completion rate of questionnaire via telephone. Secondary outcomes included: completion rate via any method, time to completion, and number of attempts to contact required. Results In total 194 participants were randomised into the SWAT to receive a text message that was personalised early(n=50), personalised late (n=47), non-personalised early(n=50), or non-personalised late(n=47). There was no evidence that timing of the text message (early: one week before; or late: one day before) had an effect on any of the outcomes. There was evidence that a personalised text message would result in fewer completions compared with a non-personalised text message when data was collected only via the telephone(adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.87, p=0.02). However, these results were not significant when looking at completion via any method (adjusted OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.30-1.24, p=0.17). There was no evidence to show that personalisation or not was better for any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusion Timing of the text message does not appear to influence the completion of questionnaires. Personalisation of a text message may be detrimental to questionnaire completion, if data is only collected via the telephone - however, more SWATs should be undertaken in this field.

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Gunn, Kpoti M., Anthony R. Buda, Heather E. Preisendanz, Raj Cibin, Casey D. Kennedy, and Tamie L. Veith. "Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13711.

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HighlightsWe used SWAT-VSA to assess the effects of climate change with rising CO2 on the water balance of a karst basin.For future climate, SWAT-VSA with rising CO2 yielded 7.1% less ET and 6.3% more runoff than standard SWAT-VSA.Rising CO2 also affected variable source areas, with greater ET declines and runoff increases in the wettest soils.Findings suggest CO2 effects on water balance should be included in future climate change studies with SWAT-VSA.Abstract. Characterizing the effects of climate change on hydrology is important to watershed management. In this study, we used SWAT-VSA to examine the effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 (CO2) on the water balance of Spring Creek watershed, a mixed land-use karst basin in the Upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. First, we modified the stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI) routines of SWAT-VSA’s Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) procedure and enabled the model to accept daily CO2 data. Using downscaled climate projections from nine global climate models (GCMs), we then compared water balance estimations from baseline SWAT-VSA against two modified versions of SWAT-VSA. One SWAT-VSA version integrated daily CO2 levels (SWAT-VSA_CO2), while another version added flexible stomatal conductance and LAI routines (SWAT-VSA_CO2+Plant) to the dynamic CO2 capacity. Under current climate (1985-2015), the three SWAT-VSA models produced generally similar water balance estimations, with 51% of precipitation lost to ET and the remainder converted to runoff (10%), lateral flow (9%), and percolate (30%). For future climate (2020-2065), water balance simulations diverged between baseline SWAT-VSA and the two modified SWAT-VSA models with CO2. Notably, variable stomatal conductance and LAI routines produced no detectable effects beyond that of CO2. For the 2020-2065 period, baseline SWAT-VSA projected ET increases of 0.7 mm year-1, while SWAT-VSA models with CO2 suggested that annual ET could decline by approximately -0.4 mm year-1 over the same period. As a result, the two CO2-based SWAT-VSA models predicted streamflow increases of almost 1.6 mm year-1 over the 2020-2065 period, which were roughly double the streamflow increases projected by baseline SWAT-VSA. In general, SWAT-VSA models with CO2 effects produced 22.4% more streamflow in 2045-2065 than the SWAT-VSA model without CO2. Results also showed that adding daily CO2 to SWAT-VSA reduced ET in wetter parts of Spring Creek watershed, leading to greater runoff losses from variable source areas compared to baseline SWAT-VSA. Findings from the study highlight the importance of considering increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in water balance simulations with SWAT-VSA in order to gain a fuller appreciation of the hydrologic uncertainties with climate change. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Hydrologic model, Water balance, Watershed.

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Fausan, Ahmad, Asep Sapei, Yuli Suharnoto, and Nora Herdiana Pandjaitan. "Analysis of Maros River Discharge Using the Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) Program." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i1.146-160.

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Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) which is developed in America was used to analyze the effect of land management on discharge, sedimentation, and water quality in a river basin area. The hydrological conditions in the Americas are different from Indonesia, so a modified SWAT is done. This research aimed to implement a modified SWAT program to predict the results of a better discharge analysis based on hydrological analysis in the sub-Watershed area. About 13.90% of the area was paddy fields. The evaluation of the module had been done by looking at the coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) based on the comparison of simulated discharge results with an observation discharge. Research began with delineation DEM, HRU formation, simulation, calibration, and validation. The R² value for daily data on modified SWAT was 0,725. It was better than the original SWAT and SWAT with Pothole, which were 0,706 and 0,708 respectively. Likewise, the NSE value for daily data on modified SWAT was 0,721, on original SWAT and on SWAT with Pothole was 0,668 and 0,685 respectively. The analysis result showed that the modified SWAT provide good discharge prediction results, indicated by relatively high R2 and NSE values.Keywords: hydrological analysis,modified SWAT, paddy field, pothole, SWAT

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Dubrovsky, V. "Main things to know about small waterplane area ships." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 3, no. 397 (August 6, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-3-397-75-82.

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Object and purpose of research. The object of study is small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) ships whose main advantage is their excellent seaworthiness. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the broad capabilities of such vessels. Materials and methods. The knowledge from foreign literature along with the author’s data are employed. Comparison methods focus on the main specific features of the technology for different fields of application. Main results. Brief review of the SWATH background is given highlighting the main trends of development. Common features and differences of each SWATH type is identified. The revealed merits and disadvantages, design details point to a broad range of possible applications. Conclusion. SWATH architecture may provide a considerable improvement in seaworthiness of small and medium displacement vessels. SWATH is an economically viable option for all types of marine vessels with a relatively large deck area, so-called capacity carriers, like passenger, research, ro-ro, naval ships, etc. For more efficient application it is recommended that alternative SWATH projects should be developed at an early design of vessels for the above missions.

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Yen, Haw, Seonggyu Park, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Raghavan Srinivasan, Celray James Chawanda, Ruoyu Wang, Qingyu Feng, et al. "IPEAT+: A Built-In Optimization and Automatic Calibration Tool of SWAT+." Water 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081681.

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For almost 30 years, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been successfully implemented to address issues around various scientific subjects in the world. On the other hand, it has been reaching to the limit of potential flexibility in further development by the current structure. The new generation SWAT, dubbed SWAT+, was released recently with entirely new coding features. SWAT+ is designed to have far more advanced functions and capacities to handle challenging watershed modeling tasks for hydrologic and water quality processes. However, it is still inevitable to conduct model calibration before the SWAT+ model is applied to engineering projects and research programs. The primary goal of this study is to develop an open-source, easy-to-operate automatic calibration tool for SWAT+, dubbed IPEAT+ (Integrated Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis Tool Plus). There are four major advantages: (i) Open-source code to general users; (ii) compiled and integrated directly with SWAT+ source code as a single executable; (iii) supported by the SWAT developer group; and, (iv) built with efficient optimization technique. The coupling work between IPEAT+ and SWAT+ is fairly simple, which can be conducted by users with minor efforts. IPEAT+ will be regularly updated with the latest SWAT+ revision. If users would like to integrate IPEAT+ with various versions of SWAT+, only few lines in the SWAT+ source code are required to be updated. IPEAT+ is the first automatic calibration tool integrated with SWAT+ source code. Users can take advantage of the tool to pursue more cutting-edge and forward-thinking scientific questions.

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Grover, Raj, John Maybank, Brian C. Caldwell, and Thomas M. Wolf. "Airborne off-target losses and deposition characteristics from a self-propelled, high speed and high clearance ground sprayer." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-169.

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In order to quantify the drift and deposition characteristics of a self-propelled, high-speed, and high-clearance sprayer, a series of 15 field trials was carried out applying a herbicide:dye mix along a test swath. Three different types of nozzle tips were used, an XR11002 (Extended Range XR Teejet®), and two "low-drift" tips, a DG11002 (Drift Guard Teejet®) and a TT11002 (Turbo Teejet®). On-swath and off-swath deposits were sampled using petri-dish collectors, while the airborne cloud was sampled 5 m downwind of the swath using Rotorod® samplers. In wind speeds of 10 to 31 km h−1, airborne droplet drift was reduced by a factor of two with both "low drift" designs. The differences in the behaviour of the two low-drift tips from the standard tips were attributed to reductions in the total volume emitted as drift-prone droplets by the low-drift tips, resulting from their inherent design characteristics. On-swath deposit uniformity was best with the DG11002 tips and worst with the TT11002 tips, with the XR11002 tips being intermediate. Off-swath-deposits increased with wind speed. Off-swath deposits between 5 and 10 m were proportional to the total airborne mass at 5 m. Key words: Pesticide, Spra-Coupe, droplet drift, flat-fan tips, deposition variability, droplet size, droplet volume

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van der Laan, Tom, Isabelle Boom, Joshua Maliepaard, Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman, Amy C. Harms, and Thomas Hankemeier. "Data-Independent Acquisition for the Quantification and Identification of Metabolites in Plasma." Metabolites 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120514.

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A popular fragmentation technique for non-targeted analysis is called data-independent acquisition (DIA), because it provides fragmentation data for all analytes in a specific mass range. In this work, we demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of DIA. Two types of chromatography (fractionation/3 min and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)/18 min) and three DIA protocols (variable sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH), fixed SWATH and MSALL) were used to evaluate the performance of DIA. Our results show that fast chromatography and MSALL often results in product ion overlap and complex MS/MS spectra, which reduces the quantitative and qualitative power of these DIA protocols. The combination of SWATH and HILIC allowed for the correct identification of 20 metabolites using the NIST library. After SWATH window customization (i.e., variable SWATH), we were able to quantify ten structural isomers with a mean accuracy of 103% (91–113%). The robustness of the variable SWATH and HILIC method was demonstrated by the accurate quantification of these structural isomers in 10 highly diverse blood samples. Since the combination of variable SWATH and HILIC results in good quantitative and qualitative fragmentation data, it is promising for both targeted and untargeted platforms. This should decrease the number of platforms needed in metabolomics and increase the value of a single analysis.

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Her, Younggu, and Jeahak Jeong. "SWAT+ versus SWAT2012: Comparison of Sub-Daily Urban Runoff Simulations." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12600.

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Abstract. The current FORTRAN code of SWAT (SWAT2012) is being rebuilt to ease new model and module development by incorporating object-oriented programming techniques into defining spatial objects and calculating variables. SWAT+, the new SWAT code, is expected to offer flexible watershed representation with linked spatial objects. Ideally, SWAT+ produces outputs that are comparable to SWAT2012, if not identical, when the two versions of SWAT are set with the same input for a watershed. However, the drastic restructuring of the source code may cause unexpected results in the output, especially when compared with the current SWAT2012 model that has a long history of model validation. In this technical note, we compare sub-daily, daily, and monthly hydrographs provided by SWAT2012 and SWAT+ that were prepared for a small urban watershed in Austin, Texas. The model parameters were calibrated to 15 min and daily runoff observed in the watershed. SWAT+ was on par with SWAT2012 in predicting streamflow at daily and monthly scales. However, the HRU-level flow routing scheme newly added to SWAT+ created multiple peaks in the sub-daily hydrographs, suggesting a need to further improve the water transport simulation strategies. This technical note provides ideas of how SWAT+ is organized and if a SWAT modeler can maintain consistency in modeling results when shifting from the original code to the new code. In addition, this technical note discusses the potential for improved SWAT+ modeling. Keywords: Model calibration, Storm event, Sub-daily simulation, SWAT, Urban watershed.

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Zhang, Dejian, Wenjie Fu, Qiaoying Lin, and Xingwei Chen. "WOF-SWAT: A Web-Based Open-Source Framework for Investigating the Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities Through Online Simulation and Visualization of SWAT Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090368.

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This study developed a web-based open-source framework based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), named WOF-SWAT (web-based open-source framework for SWAT), to investigate individual and combined impacts of climate change, land use change, and point-source pollutants on watershed-scale hydrological and chemical processes. The architecture, workflows, interfaces, and key processes of WOF-SWAT are described and discussed. Using a previously developed well-calibrated hydrological model of the Jinjiang River basin, four scenarios were simulated in WOF-SWAT and other traditional desktop-based tools (i.e., ArcSWAT and SWAT-CUP) to examine the credibility, efficiency, and functionality of WOF-SWAT. The results show that, in combination with a well-calibrated watershed model, WOF-SWAT is sufficiently sound and reasonable to investigate individual and combined impacts of climate change, land use change, and point-source pollutants. We thus conclude that WOF-SWAT can be used as a substitute for other tools to carry out similar tasks in a web-based environment while providing more user-friendly interfaces, accessibility, and efficiency. We also discuss ongoing and possible future efforts to develop WOF-SWAT into a fully-fledged watershed research and management framework.

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Nguyen, Van, Jörg Dietrich, Bhumika Uniyal, and Dang Tran. "Verification and Correction of the Hydrologic Routing in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool." Water 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101419.

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The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one of the most widely used eco-hydrological models. SWAT has been undergoing constant changes since its development. However, compartment review and testing of SWAT, especially the hydrologic routing functions, are comparably limited. In this study, the daily hydrologic routing subroutines of different SWAT versions were reviewed and tested using a well observed segment of the Weser River located in Germany. Results show several problems with the routing subroutines of SWAT. The variable storage subroutine of SWAT (Revision 664) does not transform the stream flow. Unphysical results could be obtained with the variable storage routing of SWAT (Revision 528). The Muskingum subroutine of SWAT (Revisions 664 and 528) overestimates daily channel evaporation (resulting in a bias of up to 6.3% in streamflow in our case studies) and underestimates daily transmission losses. Simulated results show that the timing and shape of flood waves, as well as the volume of low flows, could be improved with a corrected Muskingum subroutine. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that the SWAT user community review their existing SWAT models to see how the aforementioned issues will affect their methods, findings, and conclusions.

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Upadhyay, Pawan, Anna Linhoss, Chris Kelble, Steve Ashby, Naja Murphy, and Prem B. Parajuli. "Applications of the SWAT Model for Coastal Watersheds: Review and Recommendations." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 2 (2022): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14848.

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HighlightsA systematic review was performed of SWAT applications in coastal watersheds.Three percent of SWAT applications have occurred in coastal watersheds.SWAT performed better at a monthly time step versus a daily time step.Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was the most common metric used for evaluating simulations.More research should be conducted on coupling SWAT with hydrodynamic models in tidal systems.Abstract. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a watershed to river basin scale model widely used to simulate the quality and quantity of surface water and groundwater. SWAT has been applied in a wide variety of geographical landscapes around the world. This review presents a comprehensive summary of SWAT applications for coastal watersheds. Thirty-four articles were identified as coastal applications of SWAT, which account for 3% of the total published studies using SWAT. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was the most common metric used to evaluate SWAT simulations. The SWAT model calibration and validation studies in coastal watersheds reported higher NSE values for monthly flow simulation (NSE up to 0.95) than for daily flow simulation (NSE up to 0.89). Among all the studies, 34% of the reported NSE values (flow and water quality combined) were >0.75. The majority (58%) of flow values were reported daily, while the majority (81%) of water quality values were reported monthly. Only two studies combined SWAT with a hydrodynamic model to account for tide-storm surge processes. SWAT may be applied more readily and successfully to coastal watersheds if a user-friendly method is developed for coupling SWAT with hydrodynamic models to simulate the tidal influence. Keywords: Bay, Coast, Estuary, Gulf, Hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Water quality model, Watershed model.

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Shao, Guangwen, Danrong Zhang, Yiqing Guan, Yuebo Xie, and Feng Huang. "Application of SWAT Model with a Modified Groundwater Module to the Semi-Arid Hailiutu River Catchment, Northwest China." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072031.

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In the original soil and water assessment Tool (SWAT) model (SWAT-O), the contributions of shallow aquifers and deep aquifers to streamflow are simulated using the linear reservoir method. The movement of groundwater was limited in the hydrological response unit which is a minimum calculation unit in the SWAT. However, this computational method may not be suitable for the areas where a groundwater system is complicated, and the river is predominately recharged by groundwater. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced groundwater module which divides shallow aquifers into upper and lower aquifers, integrates all the deep aquifers of a sub-basin into a regional aquifer, and simulates interactive water amount between lower aquifer and deep aquifer using water depth difference. The modified groundwater module was introduced to the original SWAT model, hereby referred to as SWAT-MG. The SWAT-MG and SWAT-O models were applied to the Hailiutu River catchment, which is a semi-arid wind sandy grass shoal catchment. Results showed that both models underestimated streamflow in peak flow, while the simulated streamflow of SWAT-MG was closer the observed values than that of SWAT-O. Three evaluation criteria (NSE, RSR, PBIAS) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models and the results showed that SWAT-MG had a better performance than SWAT-O. The baseflow index of Hailiutu River which was calculated by the results of SWAT-MG was 96.78%, which means the streamflow is predominately recharged by groundwater, and this conforms to the actual situation of Hailiutu River catchment. This indicates that a SWAT model with a modified groundwater module could better represent the groundwater flow behavior in the study area.

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Chrismianto, Deddy, Aldy Sabat Tindaon, and Eko Sasmito Hadi. "Studi Perancangan Fisheries Patrol Vessel Tipe Lambung SWATH ( Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) untuk Pengawasan Perikanan Daerah Perairan Selat Malaka." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 17, no. 1 (May 14, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v17i1.3023.

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<p>Kapal pengawas perikanan memiliki jumlah armada yang kurang dalam melakukan tugasnya untuk keberlangsungan kedaulatan wilayah perairan Indonesia yang aman dari para pelaku Illegal fishing. Penggunaan tipe lambung Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) dipilih karena tipe kapal ini memiliki luasan bidang garis air yang minimum sehingga memiliki tahanan kapal yang rendah dan memaksimalkan stabilitas kapal dengan kecepatan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kapal pengawas perikanan dengan tipe lambung SWATH. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah menggunakan kapal pembanding dan melakukan analisa performa kapal dari segi hambatan kapal, serta analisis pengaruh variasi komponen lambung SWATH terhadap nilai hambatan. Hasil desain kapal pengawas perikanan didapatkan ukuran utama kapal dan dimensi lambung SWATH yaitu LOA 33,6 m, LPP 26 m, lebar 7,4 m, sarat 2 m, tinggi 7 m, panjang gondola 29,7 m, jarak antar gondola 5,4 m, panjang nose 3 m, tinggi nose 1,1 m dan kecepatan 24 knot. Penerapan lambung SWATH dapat mengurangi nilai hambatan kapal sebesar 17,34%. Untuk analisa olahgerak kapal dan stabilitas kapal didapatkan bahwa kapal SWATH memiliki hasil yang baik dan memenuhi kriteria yang di persyaratkan.</p>

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Bo, Huijuan, Xiaohua Dong, Zhonghua Li, Gebrehiwet Reta, Lu li, and Chong Wei. "Comparison of Two Versions of SWAT Models in Predicting the Streamflow in the Xuanmiaoguan Reservoir Catchment." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.011.

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Correct streamflow prediction is critical for determining the availability and efficiency of watershed spatial plans and water resource management. In the Xuanmiaoguan (XMG) Reservoir Catchment, two different versions of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model are compared to discharge predictions. One version is the Topo-SWAT, in which the overland flow is generated by saturation excess (Dunne) runoff mechanism, while the other is driven by infiltration excess runoff mechanism, i.e., the Regular-SWAT. These SWAT models were calibrated and validated with discharge at daily and monthly steps, and then, the annual runoff volume and spatial distribution of runoff generation areas were also discussed. At the monthly scale, the un-calibrated Topo-SWAT model outperformed the un-calibrated Regular-SWAT model throughout the whole time (2010-2016). The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NSE) using Topo-SWAT and Regular-SWAT were 0.59, 0.58 for calibration and 0.69, 0.72 for validation for daily streamflow, and 0.69, 0.65 for calibration and 0.73, 0.88 for validation for monthly streamflow, respectively, based on the parameter sensitivity analysis results. There was a 5-year understatement for yearly runoff volume using Regular-SWAT, but a 4-year underestimation using Topo-SWAT, which had a different year in 2015. Regular-SWAT and Topo-SWAT have significantly different geographical distributions of runoff generating locations within the watershed for one occurrence (greater rainfall). The findings reveal the most accurate contributing regions for runoff generation in the research catchment, allowing for more effective implementation of best management techniques (BMPs).

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Steenhuis, Tammo S., Elliot M. Schneiderman, Rajith Mukundan, Linh Hoang, Mamaru Moges, and Emmet M. Owens. "Revisiting SWAT as a Saturation-Excess Runoff Model." Water 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071427.

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The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is employed throughout the world to simulate watershed processes. A limitation of this model is that locations of saturation excess overland flow in hilly and mountainous regions with an impermeable layer at shallow depth cannot be simulated realistically. The objective of this research is to overcome this limitation with minor changes in the original SWAT code. The new approach is called SWAT-with-impervious-layers (SWAT-wil). Adaptations consisted of redefining the hillslope length, restricting downward percolation from the root zone, and redefining hydrologic response units (HRUs) such that they are associated with the landscape position. Finally, input parameters were chosen such that overland flow from variable saturated areas (VSAs) corresponds to the variable source interpretation of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number runoff equation. We tested the model for the Town Brook watershed in the Catskill Mountains. The results showed that the discharge calculated with SWAT-wil agreed with observed outflow and results simulated with the original SWAT and SWAT-hillslope (SWAT-HS) models that had a surface aquifer that transferred water between groups of HRUs. The locations of the periodically saturated runoff areas were predicted by SWAT-wil at the right locations. Current users can utilize the SWAT-wil approach for catchments where VSA hydrology predominates.

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Hogarth, Peter. "Cost Effective Swath Bathymetry." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788057982.

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Between 23rd and 25th July 2001 GeoSwath, a high specification shallow water wide swath bathymetry system, was used to survey the entire Portsmouth NH Harbor area. This paper deals with the results of this survey, illustrating the potential for significant reductions in the high costs, which have prevented widespread proliferation of Swath Bathymetry systems to date. Data, including a complete DTM gridded to 1 m resolution, will be presented and discussed in detail. These results show that the system is very easy to set up and use, requires greatly reduced boat and processing time, whilst offering high accuracy and very high coverage and resolution when used in a real-world survey of a dynamic harbor environment.

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Israel, J. I. "In memoriam K.W. Swart." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 107, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.3600.

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Le Bas, T. P., M. L. Somers, J. M. Campbell, and R. Beale. "Swath bathymetry with GLORIA." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 21, no. 4 (1996): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.544064.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SWATT'

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