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1
Maze, Rex Allan II. "SWAT." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300235860.
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Nordling, Jonas. "Nivådesign i SWAT4 med fokus på balansering : reflektioner till skapandet av en nivå till SWAT4." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-144.
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Detta är en reflekterande uppsats som behandlar ett verk som skapats inom ramen för examensarbete i medier: dataspelsutveckling vid Högskolan i Skövde. Själva verket består av en spelbar nivå till spelet SWAT4 (Sierra, 2007) med stöd för upp till 16 spelare i spelläget ”Barricaded Suspects”. Uppsatsen inleds med att presentera idén, frågeställningen och målet med verket. Detta följs av en kort del om spelet SWAT4: s ramverk innan den nivådesignsmässiga teorin som använts vid verkets skapande förklaras. Efter detta följer en utförlig beskrivning om arbetsprocessen som använts vid skapandet av verket. Därefter beskrivs de områden som nivån består av utifrån deras utformning. Detta följs av en diskussion där reflektioner, tankar och problem som uppstått under arbetet tas upp, innan resultatet redovisas. Slutsatsen som dras är att nivån som producerats är balanserad och har samma visuella representation som originalnivåerna till SWAT4, trots att det fortfarande finns förbättringar att göra i avseende på ljud och detaljrikedom.
3
Swart, Torben Christian [Verfasser]. "Initial value representations / Torben Christian Swart." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023257777/34.
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Al-jowder, Jassim Abdulla. "Comparative resistance calculations for SLICE/SWATH hulls." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA298191.
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Djatmiko, Eko Budi. "Hydro-structural studies on swath type vessels." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5508/.
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This thesis presents a study on SWATH type vessels which is directed towards the collection and use for structural design of experimental data related to motions and primary dynamic loads of such vessels. This data will be of use in the validation of a mathematical model for motion and wave load predictions recently developed at the Department. Further, experimental data on slamming will also be acquired to lay a foundation for the future development of a reliable analytical model. Design loads pertinent to SWATHs comprising the extreme primary loads, lifetime cyclic loads and local panel pressures are then built upon the former findings to be of use in structural designs, especially in the determination of initial scantlings and fatigue characterisation. Examples are given throughout on the evaluation of hypothetical SWATHs operating in the North Atlantic. The underlying theoretical formulation of SWATH ship motions is presented together with a description of a newly developed motion prediction theory. This is followed by a clarification of the procedures for conducting seakeeping tests on SWATH models. Validation of the analytical motion model by the measured data of single and tandem strut SWATH models is then presented. Subsequently, practical applications of implementing motion predictions to the assessment of SWATH operatiblity in real seaways are described. Theoretical background of SWATH primary wave loads is briefly outlined. The enhancement of the motion program MARCHS to tackle the primary load on SWATHs is described. The development of experimental data on SWATH loadings by way of seakeeping techniques is presented. Correlation of this experimental data and the theoretical assessment is made to demonstrate the validity of the mathematical model so developed. Lifetime cyclic and extreme loads required in the fatigue and ultimate strength designs, respectively, are developed by applying long- and short-term wave statistics.
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Olaoye, Abiodun Timothy. "Hydrodynamics of unconventional SWATH vessels in waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100101.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-80).
The motion responses of unconventional Small Water-plane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) vessels are unique in the sense that viscosity has significant non-linear effects on their hydrodynamic parameters. The parametric optimization of the hull shape of these vessels to reduce the total resistance in waves yields an interesting hull form where viscous effects become significant and this kind of problem is generally more difficult to solve. This study aims to investigate the motion response of these special kind of ships in waves using both numerical and experimental approach with some theoretical simplifications to better understand the hydrodynamics of the ship. The two modes of motion of interest in this study are heave and pitch motions which were chosen in order to focus on the degrees of freedom which significantly contributes to the resistance of the ship in head waves. The vessel under investigation is an unmanned surface vessel (USV) proposed to be used to monitor a team of autonomous underwater vehicles. A scaled version of this model is built and some experiments were conducted at the MIT towing tank at zero speed. Additionally, the numerical methods are implemented using 2D and 3D potential flow solvers. As this is an ongoing project, the results obtained so far including the study of the effects of the inertial characteristics of the ship on the response amplitude operator (RAO) are presented.
by Abiodun Timothy Olaoye.
S.M.
7
Velonias, Platon Michael. "Vibration analysis of a SWATH-type ship." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38129.
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Swart, Pieter Jakobus. "Unique challenges facing family businesses / Pieter Jakobus Swart." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2490.
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Van, Staden Henrietta Elizabeth. "Kommunikasievrees onder swart onderwysstudente / Henrietta Elizabeth van Staden." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8587.
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The purposes of this study were to determine 1. the levels of
communication apprehension in mother tongue and English
experienced by black students at Mamokgalake Chuene College of
Education whose native language is not English ; 2. if
communication apprehension of these students changes during the
course of their studies. Other variables were the extent to which
communication apprehension varies within the following
interaction contexts: group discussions, meetings, conversations,
public speaking and in the classroom, exposure to mother tongue
and English, marks in English and mother tongue and sex of the
speaker.
PRCA-24 scores and other data obtained from 278 students
indicated that most of the students had lower levels of
communication apprehension than the United States norm of
65 (out of 120) or 54,2% for the corresponding situations. (Total
group: Mother tongue: 59,3 (49,4%); English: 61,8 (51,5%))
Females were more apprehensive when communicating in mother
tongue and English, probably due to their culturally inferior
position. (Men: Mother tongue: 56,3 (46,9%); English: 57,5
(47,9). Women: Mother tongue: 60,7 (50,6%); English: 63,6
(53, 0%)) There was a slight increase in communication
apprehension during the course of their studies. Neither the
exposure to English or mother tongue nor the marks in English and
mother tongue correlated with communication apprehension.
Possible explanations for high levels of communication
apprehension of certain students may be the fact that the medium
of instruction at school from their fifth year at school for
these students is not their mother tongue but English, that the
school system is based on Western culture which may be too far
removed from the African culture and that these students may
experience language anxiety and culture shock. Another factor
may be that these students feel negative about their own
(African) languages because they are not official languages.
A reason why the communication apprehension level of this group
is lower than surveys of the USA may be due to the fact that this
group was a selected group of students who voluntarily chose an
occupation (teaching) in which communication plays a major role.
Solutions to this problem: that lecturers and teachers be
informed about communication apprehension, that students and
pupils be tested and treated for this problem, that teaching
methodology be adjusted and affective factors be considered to
ensure a relaxed class atmosphere.Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1994
10
Guttenplan, Adam (Adam David). "Hydrodynamic evaluation of high-speed semi-SWATH vessels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39726.
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Thesis (S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 62).
High-speed semi-displacement vessels have enjoyed rapid development and widespread use over the past 25 years. Concurrent with their growth as viable commercial and naval platforms, has been the advancement of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics codes that simulate steady and unsteady free surface potential flows around ships. The most promising of these computer-based simulations employ a variation of the Rankine Panel Method, or R.P.M. R.P.M.'s offer greater prediction accuracy than industry standard two-dimensional strip and slender-body methods, and are enjoying increased use in practical vessel design due to their reliability and low relative cost. This study uses one such code to examine the high-speed hydrodynamic performance of a slender, semi-SWATH, prototype catamaran with variable demi-hull separation. Hull separation's influence on vessel performance was studied in terms of calm water resistance and seakeeping response in a bare-hull state, and when equipped with quasi-active lifting appendage control. Analysis was performed on a 10.5m, 10,000kg reduced waterplane area catamaran designed by Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems & Sensors.
(cont.) In accordance with a non-disclosure agreement, specific hull geometry has been deemed proprietary and is not revealed. Principle vessel dimensions, body, and free surface meshing however, are discussed. The hydrodynamic characteristics of each hull separation and lifting appendage configuration were analyzed by the general purpose, potential flow, time domain, Rankine Panel Method, software package, SWAN2 2002. An acronym for Ship Wave ANalysis, SWAN2 2002 is a state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics code developed in MIT in recent years, and is utilized principally as a numerical towing tank.
by Adam Guttenplan.
S.M.in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
11
Herzberger, Thomas. "Integration und Erweiterung eines Users Managers in SWATS." [S.l.] : Universität Stuttgart , Fakultät Informatik, 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB7084254.
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Peng, Long. "Swati and Kikuyu Reduplication: Evidence Against Exhaustive Copy." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227263.
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Two intriguing properties of reduplicative affixes are that they are invariant in shape or weight and that their segmental makeup is dependent upon the base to which they are attached. Previous autosegmental explanations of shape- invariance and base- dependent melody adopt two mechanisms: i) a skeletal template to account for the consistency in weight and ii) a copying mechanism that transfers base segmental content into a reduplicative template (Marantz 1982, Broselow and McCarthy 1984, and Levin 1985). These accounts have since come under attack for a number of reasons. One major criticism concerns the unconstrained nature of templates; in, principle., any string of skeletal slots can be licensed as a template under these earlier accounts (Clements 1985, McCarthy and Prince 1986, 1987, and Steriade 1988). As a means of coping with this problem, McCarthy and Prince (1986, 1987) propose that reduplicative affixes be characterised by prosodically defined templates: i) core syllables (ad, ii) light syllables (σ(μ)), iii) heavy syllables (σ(μμ)), iv) syllables (σ), v) bimoraic feet (F(μμ)), vi) iambic feet (F(μμμ)), vii) disyllabic feet (F(σσ)), and viii) prosodic words. An important contribution of prosodic templates is that they establish prosodic constituency as a criterion for constraining templates, for a unit that does not correspond to a prosodic constituent can never be licenced as a reduplicative template. In addition, McCarthy and Prince (1986, 1987) exploit a copying mechanism. Copying can take two forms: i) an entire sequence of base segmental melody can be targeted for copying; or ii) a portion of it can be targeted for copying as long as that portion is prosodically defined or "circumscribed" (McCarthy and Prince 1990). In either case, copying is selective in that it excludes suprasegmental structures. Hence, I will refer to this model as Selective Copy. In contrast with Selective Copy, Steriade (1988) puts forward a different prosodic model of reduplication. Within her model, shape- invariance results from an interplay of weight and syllable markedness parameters. Among the weight parameters are: i) light syllables, ii) monosyllabic feet, iii) bimoraic feet, iv) disyllabic feet. These weight parameters differ from prosodic templates posited by Selective Copy. They are not templates that possess independent prosodic structures even though they are stated in terms of prosodic units that specify which prosodic constituent is targeted as the reduplicant. This conception of weight parameters forces a different copying apparatus. Copying must be exhaustive: it must target both the segmental melody and the prosodic structure of the base. This is critical; without the prosodic constituents of the base, weight parameters cannot select which unit of the copied base to retain as the reduplicant. In the following, I will refer to this model as Exhaustive Copy. This brief contrast demonstrates two radical differences between Selective Copy and Exhaustive Copy: i) templates vs. parameters and ii) selective vs. exhaustive copying. These differences impose a further contrast in expressing insertion of base - independent melody. Whereas insertion can make reference to the prosodic units of a template with Selective Copy, it cannot rely on parameters with Exhaustive Copy. Insertion can and must be defined by an existing prosodic structure of the base. This distinction becomes significant in examining Swati diminutive reduplication, which shows a base-independent vowel a in its reduplicant. What is important about this melody is that it is present only when a base cannot supply sufficient segmental content for a foot-sized reduplicant lingi-lingis 'resemble a little' vs. goba-gob 'bend a little'. The question addressed here is whether or not these two proposals can express a insertion. I demonstrate that a insertion cannot be formally stated by Exhaustive Copy. Crucial to the argument is that an insufficient base is lacking not only in segmental melody but also in prosodic constituency essential for defining the locus of insertion. Motivation for an insertion treatment takes two steps. First, internal evidence from passive formations suggests that i functions as the default vowel -not a. Second, this a behaves in Kikuyu like an architypical instance of "prespecification" in that it overrides any vowel in the base. As mentioned in footnote 4, Kikuyu and Swati are both members of the Bantu family. Moreover, reduplication as a diminutive marker is an important and widespread property of Bantu morphology (Meinhof 1932). This suggests that Swati a should be treated on a par with Kikuyu a since it cannot be filled in by default. The layout of this paper is as follows. Section 1 contrasts the two models of reduplication through examples from Tagalog. Section 2 applies Selective Copy to an account of Kikuyu and Swati reduplication. In particular, I demonstrate that Swati a requires an insertion treatment in consideration of both internal and external evidence. Section 3 spells out the argument against Exhaustive Copy from Swati a. In Section 4, I discuss some further implications of the templatic vs. parametric opposition for an overall theory of morphology. The critical point emerging from this discussion is that morphological processes such as Semitic roots and Japanese hypocoristics require access to templates; the parametric approach falls short on this score.
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Swedin, Eric G. "The Swett Homestead: An Oral History 1909-1970." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7206.
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Making extensive use of oral interviews with the surviving children, this thesis is an biography of Oscar and Emma Swett and their children, who lived on a homestead in Greendale, Utah, (near Flaming Gorge Reservoir) from 1909 to 1970. The family is representative of a group of families who moved to Greendale and engaged in small-scale cattle ranching. The introduction of new technology changed their lifestyles and homestead economics, while simultaneously Greendale evolved from a rural agricultural environment to become part of a National Recreation Area.
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Toone, Carolyn. "Our Mountain Home: The Oscar and Emma Swett Ranch." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/778.
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In this thesis, I examined the lives of my great-grandparents, Oscar and Emma Swett. Oscar began a homestead in the Uinta Mountains in 1909, which he successfully ran for nearly sixty years. My grandmother was born on the ranch, and my own father spent much of his time there. I look at how land policy changed from encouraging ranching and farming in the early 1900's to tourism and recreation in the 1960's, with the coming of the Flaming Gorge Dam. The lives of my great-grandparents and their children were shaped by these changes and they felt the consequences of the shifting values of the Forest Service and government.
I used many primary documents in my research, from interviews given by the Swett children to photographs and documents. I also drew from literature and research by other western authors, such as Wallace Stegner, Mary Clearman Blew, and Steve Trimble. I connected my personal and family stories and memories with the larger framework of land policy in the West and the culture of ranching families similar to my own family. This enabled me to show how land policy affected many individuals and families on a personal level, looking through the prism of my own family and experiences.
15
Parajuli, Prem B. "SWAT bacteria sub-model evaluation and application." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/373.
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Dabral, Swati [Verfasser]. "Role of Notch signaling in pulmonary hypertension / Swati Dabral." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065395256/34.
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Kotze, Lizmari. "Bereddering van intestate boedels van swart erflaters / L. Kotzé." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/151.
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The winding up of estates under Black law and custom have changed
considerably since 6 December 2002. Different systems of administration of
estates existed before then. The intestate estates of Black persons were
administered by the Magistrate, while the estates of all other race groups,
including testate estates of Black persons, were administered by the Master of
the High Court. The administration of all intestate estates of Black persons
accrued under the Black Administration Act 38 of 1927 and the Regulations
for the Administration and Distribution of the Estates of Deceased Blacks, GN
R200 of 1987 promulgated in terms thereof. All other estates were
administered under the Administration of Estates Act 66 of 1965.
Section 23(7)(a) of the Black Administration Act 38 of 1927 excluded the
Master's authority to administer intestate estates of Black persons. This
differentiation was pointed out in Moseneke v The Master 2001 SA 18 (CC).
The Constitutional Court decided that any legislation that prefers different
systems of administration on grounds of race should be declared
unconstitutional. The Court, however, only changed the circumstances of
estates of Black persons that devolved under common law and these estates
could then also be administered by the Master or the Magistrate. All intestate
estates of Black persons that devolved under customary law were still
administered by the Magistrate with appropriate jurisdiction.
On 5 December 2002, the Administration of Estates Amendment Act 47 of
2002 and the Amendment of the Regulations for the Administration and
Distribution of Estates, GN R1501 of 2002 were promulgated to give effect to
the order of Moseneke v The Master 2001 SA 18 (CC). After these
amendments, all estates with a value of less than R50 000,OO were to be
administered by the Magistrates, but under supervision of the Master. All
other estates, excluding those that devolved under customary law, had to be
reported to the Master. The intestate estates of Black persons that had to
devolve under customary law were still administered by the Magistrate.
On 15 October 2004, the Constitutional Court ruled in Bhe v Magistrate,
Khayelitsha (Commission for Gender Equality as Amicus Curiae); Shibi v
Sithole; South African Human Rights Commission v President of the Republic
of South Africa 2005 1 SA 580 (KH) that all discrimination and differentiation
of the administration systems should stop. All estates, including intestate
estates of Black persons that must devolve under customary law, must be
administered by the Master. This was the beginning of a unified system
where all estates must be reported to the Master. All estates that were
reported before 15 October 2004 had to be finalised in the way that they were
reported.
The South African Law Reform Commission currently is investigating the
winding up and administration of estates. With their findings and the abovementioned
legislation and case law, a unified system is sure to follow. Estate
planners and executers need to take note of all the amendments that have
taken place in the area of the intestate estates of Black persons during the
past five years.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Heine, Annemarié. "Fisieke aktiwiteit en insuliensensitiwiteit by swart kinders / Annemarié Heine." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1021.
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The increased prevalence of obesity amongst adolescents is considered a worldwide
epidemic. Within the black population of South Africa, obesity is significantly more
prevalent amongst black girls than black boys. The high prevalence of obesity amongst
children can be attributed to a combination of various lifestyle factors, namely a decrease
in physical activity, an increase in television viewing, Westernization and increased food
supply.
The decrease in physical activity amongst adolescents over the last few decades has led to
an increase in the number adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research
has indicated that insulin sensitivity improves with regular physical endurance activity,
irrespective of change in bodyweight. Regular physical exercise also lowers the risk of
type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prevents the development of coronary heart diseases,
hypertension and obesity.
The primary goals of this study were two-fold: Firstly, to determine the relationship
between BMI, percentage body fat and insulin sensitivity amongst black adolescents, and,
secondly, to determine whether there exists a positive correlation between current
cardiovascular fitness (V02-maximum),together with everyday physical activity status,
and insulin sensitivity amongst black adolescents. One hundred and twenty-four (124)
black boys and 148 black girls between the ages of 14 and 17 participated in the study.
The BOD-POD was used to calculate percentage body fat, and blood analysis for fasting
glucose and insulin were completed. Insulin sensitivity (QUIKI-index) and resistance
(HOMA) were also calculated, and habitual physical activity was measured using the
"Previous Day Physical Activity Recall" (pDPAR) questionnaire. Physical development
was determined with the Tanner questionnaire, cardiovascular fitness (VO2-maximum)
was determined using the "Bleep" test and anthropometry (mass, length, skin folds, waist
and hip circumference) was measured to determine body composition.
The results of this study found a statistically significant negative correlation between skin
fold thickness, percentage body fat, BMI and insulin sensitivity in girls. A significant
negative correlation between percentage body fat and V02-maximum was found in boys,
while their self-reported activity (PDPAR) did not correlate with percentage body fat.
Current cardiovascular fitness and habitual physical activity status (PDPAR) showed no
significant relationship with insulin sensitivity. Amongst the girls there was however a tendency towards a positive correlation between insulin sensitivity and V02-maximum.Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Swart, Daniël Jacobus. "Application of pattern recognition to portfolio management / Swart D.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7545.
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In this research the market’s reaction to earnings announcements is investigated. The investigation can be divided into three parts: testing whether earnings announcements convey any information to the market; finding any patterns in the market’s response to the earnings announcements and testing the exploitability of patterns through the simulation of trading strategies.
The three part investigation essentially focuses on two parts of the market’s reaction to earnings announcements on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) for the period 1991 to 2010. The first part focuses on the short–term market reaction around earnings announcements including the dynamics of the response and the information content of earnings announcements, the predictability of the earnings surprise and the exploitability of the predictability.
We found that the magnitude of the cumulative returns for the days [0; 2] is on average positive and decreases with an increase in firm size. The average information content of earnings announcements also decreases with an increase in firm size. This therefore means information uncertainty decreases with size. The earnings surprise is on average found to be predictable for firms in the two smallest size categories and shares with relatively low liquidity. Proxies for the value effect and particularly the autocorrelation structure of unexpected earnings provide some additional information to predict future unexpected earnings. Our findings regarding the autocorrelation structure of the three–day reaction (event returns) to earnings announcements are consistent with that found by Bernard and Thomas [1]. We however found that the autocorrelation is largely restricted to small size firms.
The second part of the investigation involves the longer–term reaction to earnings announcements which includes investigating the statistical significance and exploitability of the post–earnings announcement drift (PEAD). The Post–Earnings Announcement Drift anomaly has been widely researched and confirmed for several markets around the world. It is observed that contrary to previous research conducted on the JSE that confirmed the overreaction phenomenon for the period 1975–1989 [2], evidence suggests that for the period under investigation the PEAD effect occurred on the JSE for the period from 1991 to 2010 and it is found to be statistically significant and independent of the size, value and/or momentum effect. All these effects are however found to have a significant influence on the magnitude of the PEAD effect. The results indicate that the market reacts very quickly to the announced earnings and it is not until about the 20th to 40th trading day after the earnings announcement that the market starts drifting in the direction of the initial reaction. The market therefore seems not to underreact to the earnings information at first, but that it receives confirmation in the two months following the announcement that is indicative of better future prospects and that the higher than expected earnings might persist. In retrospect, when only considering earnings news, it thus seems that the market under–reacted to the information released at the earnings announcement.
We however found no conclusive evidence in the trading simulation analysis to indicate that the PEAD effect can be exploited on a profitable basis. What the simulation analysis however did reveal was that the liquidity limitations imposed by the simulator lowered the overall returns achieved. It can therefore be argued that the PEAD effect is related to market frictions that prevent arbitrageurs to exploit the apparent profit opportunity. Our results tend to agree with the limited arbitrage hypothesis of Mendenhall [3] who argued that the magnitude of PEAD is related to the risk faced by arbitrageurs and Chordia et al. [4] who found that the PEAD anomaly mainly occurs for the highly illiquid shares.Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
20
Swart, Marinda Elizabeth. "Die ontstaansoorsake van enkele 'soorte' privaatskole / Marinda Elizabeth Swart." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8256.
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Literature study has highlighted the fact that, in most countries all over the world, private schools are being founded by parents who are dissatisfied with the existing public school education.
The public school, as an institution, is being queried universally. The nature, aim and essence of these schools, their relevance and task are being questioned and critisized because people believe the schools have failed in their role with respect to society. In the RSA public schools are widely critisized and even condemned and new directions in school education are being advocated. Ifparents and/or communities are dissatisfied with the kind of education the State offers, alternative education can be organized by way of private schools. This research was planned to determine the possible motives leading to the founding of private schools and centred on the question: what are the reasons for the origination of some of these private schools?
In order to execute this study and to find an answer to the question, the research was limited to three 'types' of private schools only. An extensive discussion was offered on Rudolf Steiner's Waldorf Schools which originated in Germany, the Summerhill School in Great Britain, and the Christian Day School Movement together with the private Christian Day Schools in the USA and Canada. The method of case studies was employed to indicate that differences in ethnicity, culture, outlook on life and religion can be possible reasons for the founding of different 'types' of private schools.
In the first instance an attempt was made by means of the problem-historical method, to determine exactly what the Waldorf Schools, the Summerhill School and the Christian Day School Movement entail and what elements are incorporated in their systems. This was achieved by means of a definition of the educational philosophies of these three private schools. Secondly, a historical and fundamental perspective on the origins and reasons for the founding of these three private schools in question was explored. Special attention was paid to the respective founders and their motives for the founding of these private schools.
Thirdly, an attempt was made to illustrate the fundamental educational resemblances and differences between the reasons for founding the Waldorf Schools, the Summerhill School and the Christian Day School Movement. Furthermore, an attempt was made to pin-point the universal, communal and particular and/or contingent reasons for the founding of private schools.
Finally, the implications of the reasons for the founding of some of these 'types' of private schools in the USA was considered for application to education in the RSA.
Several methods were employed in conducting this research. Investigation was done throughout by means of literature study and the problematic-historical method was employed since this research focused primarily on a culturo-historic problem. The method of case histories was employed for a discussion on the three 'types' of private schools. The fundamental-reflective method in conjuction with the comparative method was applied. The transcendental-critical method was applied in conjunction with the aforementioned methods. Critical appraisal and Scriptural justification in respect of the religious and philosophical viewpoints of each founder was presented. The same principles were applied to the philosophical foundations and educational doctrine of a particular 'type' of private school.
The reasons for the founding of the Waldorf School Movement was ascertained by means of literature research (chapter 2). This non-denominational private school system, the second largest in the free world, was initiated in Germany by Rudolf Steiner. In these schools Steiner propogated all his personal principles and convictions. The Waldorf Schools are therefore still based on metaphysical educational principles as laid down by the founder of the schooL
The origins of Alexander S. Neill's Summerhill School in Great Britain were examined in chapter 3. In contrast to the Waldorf Schools which spread world-wide, the Summerhill School continues to exist in Great Britain only. The reason for this is presumably AS. Neill's radical. liberal, humanistic and ultra progressive attitude towards education which the Summerhill School advocated. In chapter 4 attention was given to the reasons which led to the founding of the Christian Day School Movement which came into being as a Christian alternative private school movement with a phenomenal growth and expansion rate during the past few decades. In contrast to the Waldorf Schools and the Summerhill School, the Christian Day School Movement (CDSM), also known as the Christian Education Movement (CEM), was founded not by a single person but by a group of people. The founding of these private Christian day schools followed in reaction against secular humanism which had taken root in public schools in North America.
Chapter 5 subsequently dealt with a fundamental-educational comparison between reasons oforigin ofthe Waldorf Schools, the Summerhill School and the Christian Day School Movement. This was done in order to find a better perspective on the communal and universal as well as the particular and/or contingent reasons for the founding of the private schools in question. Some perspectives on future educational provision in the RSA were also offered.
The report on the completed research was concluded with a resume of the findings emanating from the research, as well as some conclusions based on these findings. Some recommendations, as well as suggestions for futher research possibilities, were also offered.
In the course of this research, it was established that private schools were founded as a result of the dissatisfaction of the parent body and/or communities with the existing type of education. In these circumstances parents have the right to exercise their parental right and authority to found private schools such as will comply with their needs and demands. Most private schools are founded in times of crises and upheavels in the political, economical and governmental situation of a particular country. Reasons for the founding of each private school will differ because the culturo-historical situation of the country in question and the composition of the population thereof, will determine the particular character of each private school.
The motives of the founders are, however, the most important determining factor in the origination of a certain 'type' of private school. The basic religious motive which holds the heart of the founder in thrall, determines the educational theory and practice applied in that private school.
As a result of these findings it was concluded that modern public schools were burdened by a host of problems - hence all the criticism and attacks directed at them. These schools are being accused of ignoring the needs and demands of differentiated communities. In considering these complaints and grievances against public schools, the possibility of private schools as alternative education can no longer be ignored.
Some 'types' of private schools, however, are founded to promote personal interests. This self and man directed attitude could result in the absolutism of one or more modalities of human existence. To a Christian, the only kind of private school to provide the right 'type' of alternative education, is the one that is guided by the true basic, Biblical religious ground motive of creation, fall into sin and of redemption by Jesus Christ in communion with the Holy Spirit.
Consequently it was recommended that, in view of the fact, that the current educational system in the RSA is beset by many problems, and according to certain sources one of these problems is the possibility of integrated public schools for all population groups, and in view of the fact that these all-accommodating schools do not necessarily function according to God's will, serious considerations will have to be given to the founding of private schools by parents from all popUlation groups in the RSA.Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1990
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Wu, June Young. "SWATH vertical motions with emphasis on fixed fins control." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6935/.
Full textAbstract:
The SWATH ship has been claimed as one of the advanced high performance vessels which can provide good seakeeping characteristics as well as maintaining high speed in rough seas. Despite the considerable amount of research and development carried out in the last fifteen years, there is still a lack of design data in the open literature concerning many of the specialised aspects of SWATH design. Two of these areas are the motion characteristics of hulls which are operating fairly close to the water surface and the design of active control systems to reduce static trim and motions in waves. This study is an investigation, both theoretically and experimentally using a model, into SWATH motion characteristics in the vertical plane. It aims to have an understanding of the seakeeping behaviour with and without the effect of fins in waves. The computer program for the motion prediction involves the computation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the equations of motion on the practical range of frequencies, depth of submergences and column widths. The effects of these factors on the sectional hydrodynamic coefficients are discussed and are curve-fitted into approximate formulae in order to save computer time. The total (three dimensional) hydrodynamic coefficients are integrated stripwise, taking into account the forward speed and viscous effects. Analytic methods for the wave induced exciting forces were formulated and obtained by two approaches; the modified Morison's formula and the strip theory. The sectional Froude-Krylov force, caused by the undisturbed incident wave pressure and a diffraction component resulting from the distortion of the wave train by the presence of the hull integrated over the mean immersed surface of the hull section. Phase differences of the sectional forces are considered during the integration procedure. The forward speed and viscous effects are included together. In addition, a series of laboratory tests in calm water and waves as well as theoretical studies aimed at the design of vertical-plane control surface (fins), which would keep the SWATH ship on a near level trim at speed in calm water and reducing the inherently low level of motion in wave have been carried out. The forces generated by fins are composed of inertia effects and viscous induced lift and cross-flow drag. Since the fins are attached to the hull, the lift-curve slope were corrected by the fin-body effect. Only after fins are considered in the study, the combination of the forward fins are believed could be summed linearly. However, the downwash effect on the after fins by the forward fins are not able to be included. Since the exciting and restoring forces of a SWATH involved are smaller than those of the comparable monohull, adequate control forces can be generated for a SWATH at speed by reasonably sized fins. The good agreement of the comparisons of the analytical calculations and the experimental measurements confirms the accuracy of the study.
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Wa, Ilunga Mpunga A. "Description de la langue swati: bantou S43 :grammaire et lexique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212521.
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Swart, Enno [Verfasser]. "Methoden und Anwendungsgebiete der Sekundärdatenanalyse in der Versorgungsforschung / Enno Swart." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1152321366/34.
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Chun, Ho Hwan. "Theoretical and experimental studies on the resistance of SWATH ships." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237814.
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Loscombe, Peter Robin. "Key aspects of the structural design of small SWATH ships." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305967.
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Williams, Samuel E. (Samuel Ernest). "Stability and maneuvering of hybrid hydrofoil/SWATH in foilborne mode." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108905.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 80-82).
The hybrid hydrofoil/SWATH, designed and patented by Stefano Brizzolara, is a novel vehicle design that is optimized to operate in both a high speed foilborne mode and a displacement mode. The retractable hydrofoils on the vehicle take on a unique four surface piercing anhedral foil configuration. This foilborne design is previously unassessed for stability and maneuvering characteristics. A six degree of freedom model of the foilborne vehicle dynamics is introduced as a framework to study vehicle stability and maneuvering. Linearized models of the vehicle dynamics are compared to the six degree of freedom results in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Foil configuration design criteria are derived for pitch equilibrium as well as pitch and directional stability. A method for turning the vehicle by rotationally actuating the foil dihedral angles is introduced, and the vehicle state in the unsteady and steady portion of the turn is simulated.
by Samuel E. Williams.
S.M.
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West, Heather Hayley. "Die verskille tussen bruin en swart adolessente se seksuele gedrag." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52800.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adolescents belonging to lower socio economic groups, seem to be at risk for teenage pregnancies as well as the contraction of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. It is therefore important to study the sexual behaviour of these adolescents. This study focussed on the sexual behaviour of coloured and black female adolescents from working class communities. The respondents consisted of all the coloured and black female adolescents in a traditional coloured and a traditional black school in a semi-rural area. A self-administrative questionnaire was used. The questionnaire focussed on biographical details, the language adolescents use when they talk about sex as well as their sexual and contraceptive behaviour. The goals of the study were to describe the sexual behaviour of the black adolescents and to compare the sexual behaviour of the coloured and the black respondents. A quantitative methodology was used to examine the black respondents' range of sexual behaviour, communication about sex, sexual force and molestation as well as high risk sexual behaviour. According to the results a high percentage of black adolescents used Western and medical terms when they talk about sex. The sexually active black adolescents had coitus at an early age which could have implications for the incidence of teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. A large percentage of the black adolescents indicated that they did not masturbate. Most of the black adolescents also indicated that they did not talk about sex with other people. A small percentage of the black adolescents reported that they were sexually molested or raped. A comparison with the coloured adolescents indicated that: more of the black adolescents reported that they had had coitus; more black adolescents reported pregnancies, more black respondents reported that they masturbated and fewer black adolescents reported that they smoked and used alcohol.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adolessente wat aan laer sosio-ekonomtese graepe behaart, blyk 'n hoë risikagroep te wees vir tienerswangerskappe sawel as vir seksueel-aardraagbare siektes en MIV/VIGS. deel vorm. Dit is dus belangrik dat hierdie adalessente se seksuele gedrag nagevars ward. Hierdie studie het gefakus ap die seksuele gedrag van bruin en swart vroulike adolessente afkamstig uit werkersklas gemeenskappe. Die respandente het bestaan uit alle vroulike adolessente by 'n tradisianele bruin skaal en 'n tradisionele swart skaal in 'n semilandelike area. 'n Self-geadministreerde vraelys wat gefakus het ap biagrafiese gegewens, die taal wat adolessente gebruik wanneer hulle van seks praat asook seksuele en kantraseptiewe gedrag is in die studie gebruik. Die dael van die studie is eerstens om 'n beskrywing te bied van die swart adolessente se seksuele gedrag en tweedens om die seksuele gedrag van die bruin en swart adolessente met mekaar te vergelyk. "n Kwantitatiewe metadalagie is gebruik om die spektrum van seksuele gedrag, kommunikasie aar seks, seksuele dwang en malestering asook haë risiko seksuele gedrag van die swart respandente te ondersoek, Die resultate het daarop gedui dat "n graot persentasie van die swart adolessente gebruik maak van Westerse en mediese terme wanneer hulle van seks praat. Die aanvang van koïtus vir die seksueel aktiewe swart adolessente was ap "n vroeë ouderdom , wat implikasies kan hê vir die voorkoms van tienerswangerskappe en MIV/VIGS. 'n Graat persentasie van die swart adolessente het gerapparteer dat hulle nie masturbeer nie. Dit het verder geblyk dat hierdie graep swart adolessente selde verbaal aar seks kammunikeer met ander persone. "n Klein persentasie van die swart adolessente het qerapporteer dat hulle seksueel gemalesteer af verkrag is. "n Vergelyking met die bruin adolessente het aangedui dat meer swart adolessente kaitus gehad het, meer swart adalessente swangerskappe gerapparteer het, meer swart adalessente aangedui het dat hulle gemasturbeer het en dat minder swart adolessente raak en alkahalgebruik gerapparteer het.
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Nguyen, Trung Kiên. "Seafloor classification with a multi-swath multi-beam echo sounder." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0035/document.
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Cette thèse, co-dirigée par Jean-Marc Boucher et Ronan Fablet (IMT Atlantique) et co-encadrée par Didier Charlot (iXBlue), Gilles Le Chenadec et Michel Legris (ENSTA Bretagne), a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE au sein de la société iXBlue. iXblue développe et commercialise un sondeur multifaisceaux (MBES) SEAPIX principalement dédié au marché de la pêche. Ce système a été développé pour offrir le meilleur compromis entre performances de détection et son coût de revient. Outre les caractéristiques classiques d'un MBES, il propose la particularité unique de pouvoir insonifier des fauchées différentes sous le navire par dépointage électronique du faisceau d'émission de bâbord à tribord et d'avant en arrière. Le travail de thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'apport de ces nouvelles capacités multi-fauchées dans l'analyse et la classification des fonds marins. La première partie du travail a consisté à réaliser une analyse détaillée de la chaîne de mesure. Cette étude a permis d'évaluer la consistance des niveaux de rétrodiffusion entre les différents modes d'insonification. La deuxième partie s'est intéressée à la recherche des caractéristiques discriminantes du signal rétrodiffusé en tenant compte de la géométrie d'acquisition de chaque mode d'insonification. La dernière étape du travail a porté sur des méthodes de fusion des données acquises. Cette étude s'est réalisée en deux approches; la première considère des données venant du même mode d'insonification (intra-mode) et la seconde venant de modes différents (inter-mode), pour la cartographie des fonds marins. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus mettent en évidence l'intérêt de la chaîne de traitement proposée et d'une architecture multi-mode sur les jeux de données réelles traitéesThis thesis, co-directed by Jean-Marc Boucher and Ronan Fablet (IMT Atlantique) and co-supervised by Didier Charlot (iXBlue), Gilles Le Chenadec and Michel Legris (ENSTA Bretagne), was realized in the context of a convention CIFRE with the company iXBlue.iXblue develops and commercializes a multibeam echosounder (MBES) SEAPIX primarily dedicated to the fishery market. The system is optimized to offer the best compromise between performances capabilities and cost. In addition to the classical characteristics of an MBES, it offers the unique feature of scanning the seafloor (and the water column volume) by electronical beamform multiple the emission swaths from port to starboard, as well as from forward to backward. The objective of the thesis is to study the contribution of these new multi-swath capacities in the analysis and classification of the seafloor.The first part of the work consisted in carrying out a detailed analysis of the measurement chain. This study evaluated the consistency in acquiring the backscattering strength from different insonification modes. The second part investigated the discriminant characteristics of the backscattered signal while taking into account the acquisition geometry of each insonification mode. The last stage of the work involved to methods of fusing the acquired data. This study was carried out in two approaches; the first considers data from the same insonification mode (intra-mode) and the second from different modes (inter-mode), for the seafloor classification. The obtained experimental results highlight the interest of the proposed processing chain and a multi-mode architecture on the real datasets
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De, Villiers Izabel. "Mistiek in die bundel Die swart kombuis deur Sheila Cussons." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29615.
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This study focuses on the mystical elements in Die swart kombuis (1978) by Sheila Cussons. This second collection of poetry of Cussons grows out of a context of the investigation of the tension between the earthly and the metaphysical that manifested in her first publication, Plektrum (1970), to a concentrated experience of the spiritual and human search for meaning and integration in Die swart kombuis. This publication can be placed within the tradition of Afrikaans mystical poetry. The mystical element is to be observed with the title of the collection, which can be read as a symbol of transformation. The word “kombuis” (kitchen) becomes an archetypal arena loaded with meaning and associations that are explored and expanded upon in the collection. The poems function as poetic expressions of the poet’s relationship with her persona and the internal dialogues that take place during these confrontations. The collection can be read as a creative expression of the poet’s individuation process. Cussons exposes the integration and the interpretation of her archetypes and allows the reader to participate in this sensitive process of personal enlightenment. The various stages of self-realisation find expression in the symbolic use of language and concepts that Cussons employs. This technique takes the reader on an abstract journey of selfinvestigation. By giving poetic expression to her personal process of individuation, Cussons presents the reader with a creative vehicle through which he or she can step into the mystical dimension. Previously, the reader might not have had exposure to complex concepts such as individuation, archetypes and symbolism; however, through the reading of this collection of poetry, access to these ideas is vicariously granted. This study aims to formulate a reading model that is able to identify, analyse and explain the various mystical elements in selected poems in Die swart kombuis. Mystical elements and characteristics are identified to give the reader an introduction to the language use and associated symbolism. The structure of the reading model incorporates ideas and theories from theorists such as the psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung, the philosopher and psychologist William James and the poet, Jungian analyst and cantadora Clarissa Pinkola Estés. The ideas of literary theorists Roland ix Barthes, Umberto Eco, Jonathan Culler and Frank Kermode are also included in the approach to the text. Attention is, furthermore, paid to symbolism, mythology and the use of poetry as a form of therapy and self-reflection.
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Bingley, Lemuel G. "A four receiver sidescan sonar for high definition swath bathymetry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336058.
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Ngobe, Anastasia Julia. "Swati traditional healers'conceptualisation of causes and treatment of mental illness." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1281.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The role of indigenous healers in managing various conditions of ill-health has been studied and debated. Studies have revealed that the majority of the population in South Africa use traditional health care to treat various mental conditions. Studies have also revealed that traditional medicine plays an important role in primary health care in many countries. The aim of the study was to explore Swati traditional healers’ conceptualization of the causes and treatment methods of mental illness in Kanyamazane Township in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. A phenomenological research method was used in the present study. Ten (10) traditional healers, six (6) female and four (4) male, who were selected through purposive sampling method participated in the study. Semi structured personal interviews were conducted with the traditional healers. The interviews were conducted in siSwati and later translated to English. The main themes that emerged were grouped under the following 3 main topics: conceptualisation and types of mental illness; causes of mental illness; and, treatment of mental illness. The traditional healers identified and described a number of mental illnesses that could be identified by their behavioural symptoms and thought disruptions. These include: depressive conditions, addictions, psychotic illnesses, adjustment disorders and genetic mental illnesses. Mental illness was perceived to be caused by a number of factors that, among others, include the following: supernatural powers such as witchcraft, spirit possession, intrusion of objects, evil mechanisation, improper use of traditional medicine, disregarding ancestors and cultural customs as well invitation by ancestors to become a traditional healer, substance abuse, genetic predisposition, life stressors, social conditions, and injuries to the head, Cleansing the patient of evil spirits through washing, steaming, induced vomiting, casting out evil and herbal medication were some of the methods that were found to be commonly used to treat mental illness. The study found that the theory underlying traditional healing is essentially similar, and that traditional healers utilise a culturally coherent and holistic approach in dealing with health and illness.
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Ngobe, A. J. "Swati traditional healers'conceptualisation of causes and treatment of mental illness." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1348.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis ( M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The role of indigenous healers in managing various conditions of ill-health has been studied and debated. Studies have revealed that the majority of the population in South Africa use traditional health care to treat various mental conditions. Studies have also revealed that traditional medicine plays an important role in primary health care in many countries. The aim of the study was to explore Swati traditional healers’ conceptualization of the causes and treatment methods of mental illness in Kanyamazane Township in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. A phenomenological research method was used in the present study. Ten (10) traditional healers, six (6) female and four (4) male, who were selected through purposive sampling method participated in the study. Semi structured personal interviews were conducted with the traditional healers. The interviews were conducted in siSwati and later translated to English. The main themes that emerged were grouped under the following 3 main topics: conceptualisation and types of mental illness; causes of mental illness; and, treatment of mental illness. The traditional healers identified and described a number of mental illnesses that could be identified by their behavioural symptoms and thought disruptions. These include: depressive conditions, addictions, psychotic illnesses, adjustment disorders and genetic mental illnesses. Mental illness was perceived to be caused by a number of factors that, among others, include the following: supernatural powers such as witchcraft, spirit possession, intrusion of objects, evil mechanisation, improper use of traditional medicine, disregarding ancestors and cultural customs as well invitation by ancestors to become a traditional healer, substance abuse, genetic predisposition, life stressors, social conditions, and injuries to the head, Cleansing the patient of evil spirits through washing, steaming, induced vomiting, casting out evil and herbal medication were some of the methods that were found to be commonly used to treat mental illness. The study found that the theory underlying traditional healing is essentially similar, and that traditional healers utilise a culturally coherent and holistic approach in dealing with health and illness.
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Bhandari, Ranjit. "ANALYZING STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY UNDER CMIP5 PROJECTIONS USING SWAT MODEL." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2363.
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For analyzing the effect of climate change on the streamflow at a regional scale, six General Circulation Models (GCMs) were selected from among eighteen GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the Pajaro River Watershed in central California. The 1/8° latitude-longitude resolution bias-corrected and downscaled CMIP5 projections were utilized for an ensemble of GCMs under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The twenty-first century is segregated into three time-periods (2016-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099) for comparing the streamflow against changing precipitation and temperature according to the CMIP5 projections. The daily maximum and daily minimum temperature are projected to consistently rise through to the latter part of the century. Csiro-mk3-6 and canesm2 models project an increase of 3.1°C in annual average daily maximum temperature and 3.4°C in annual average daily minimum temperature respectively in 2070-2099 period under RCP8.5 scenarios. Future precipitation is projected to increase in January and February, which means the wet months in the Pajaro River Watershed are likely to get more rainfall. The dry months would continue to receive diminished precipitation throughout the century. The streamflow was increasing on future January, and sporadically, in February months but diminished during the dry months. The range of annual average streamflow for the future years stretched from 0.1 to 29.1 m3/s for the GCM ensemble, mostly close to the lower limit. The results suggest considering multiple climate change scenarios and evaluating alternative setups would provide a robust basis for hydrological assessment.
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Gebert, Nicolas. "Multi-channel azimuth processing for high-resolution wide-swath SAR imaging." Köln DLR, Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000286800/34.
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Nix, Erin Elizabeth. "Effect of swath grazing on forage intake and wastage by ewes." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/nix/NixE0512.pdf.
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Sixty non-pregnant and non-lactating mature white faced ewes (Targhee 65.4 ± 5.84 kg BW in 2010 and Rambouillet 61.9 ± 6.28 kg BW in 2011) were used in a 2-yr study to evaluate intake, forage wastage, and nutrient composition of a pea/barley forage fed either as baled hay in confinement (CONFINEMENT) or swathed and left to graze (GRAZE). Forage DMI was estimated using IVDMD and chromic oxide as an external marker for estimating fecal output. Forage wastage was estimated by sampling and weighing the initial swath, standing, and baled forage, and weighing the forage again after a 7-d collection period, and subtracting the estimated forage DMI. Samples of baled, swathed, and any standing forage were collected in August and October and analyzed for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD). There was no treatment by year interaction (P = 0.56) for BW change and no difference (P = 0.33) between treatments. There was a treatment by year interaction (P = 0.04) for DMI. In 2010, DMI was greater (P = 0.06) by CONFINEMENT ewes compared to GRAZE ewes (2.4 vs 1.7 kg x ewe -¹ x d -¹); however, in 2011, DMI did not differ (P = 0.25) between treatments. There was no treatment by year interaction (P > 0.22) for forage wastage either as a percent of beginning available forage or as kilograms of wastage. Although percentage wastage did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23), kilograms of wastage was greater (P = 0.03) for GRAZE than CONFINEMENT. For both years in the swathed forage, ISDMD and OM decreased while NDF and ADF increased. In 2010 CP increased, but in 2011 it remained the same. For both years in the baled forage, CP decreased while ISDMD and NDF increased. In 2010, ADF decreased and OM increased, but in 2011 ADF increased and OM decreased. Although nutrient content was lower in the swath, wastage and animal performance did not differ between the treatments. This research provides a sound biological basis for an economic assessment of using swath grazing in commercial sheep operations.
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Steyn, Morkel. "Swart ekonomiese bemagtiging : 'n Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsregtelike perspektief / deur Morkel Steyn." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/634.
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The concept of black economic empowerment is much wider than the area
presented in this dissertation. The objective of this dissertation is to give a
presentation of how black economic empowerment affects business life in general.
It is said that black economic empowerment must be taken most seriously by all
relevant parties not only for the sake of the restructuring of the society in South
Africa, but also to insure future survival of companies in the country. The
government of South Africa has also given its firm support to black economic
empowerment as an essential part of the recovering of the social society in South
Africa. Given the specific history of the country, it is understandable that black
economic empowerment will play such a huge role in the restructuring of the
country. It is my wish that this dissertation will assist many companies in this very
complex concept of black economic empowermentThesis (LL.M. (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Terblanche, Anel. "Die landelike swart vrou se reg op grondbeheer / deur Anél Terblanche." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1016.
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In almost all legal systems gender has a significant influence on a person's
status, rights and obligations. In the African customary law gender also
plays an important and differentiating role in the status, rights and
obligations of individuals. More specific, for purposes of this study, rural
black women's access to and control over land are restricted by gender.
Land control in the African customary law is usually characterised by
communal land tenure. Although this form of land tenure is in theory
beneficial to all members of a particular community, the detrimental effect of
social assumptions, set gender roles, perpetual minority of women and the
former succession principle of male primogeniture, often caused that
women were discriminated against within a communal land tenure context.
A woman's access to and use of land is often subject to a relationship with a
man (tribal head, tribal council, father, husband, son, brother or uncle). Not
only do black rural women have to endure the discriminating effects of their
own culture and tradition as a result of their gender, the pre-1994 South
African law also restricted their access to secure land tenure by racial
discrimination.
The position of women in general has dramatically improved since the
implementation of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
(hereafter the Constitution) and the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of
Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000. Legislation and a subsequent land
reform policy were enacted in accordance with section 25 of the
Constitution, which makes it potentially possible for women to obtain rights
in property. Such legislation include the Communal Property Associations
Act 28 of 1996, which provides for fair and inclusive decision-making
processes, equality of membership, democratic processes, fair access to
property and accountability and transparency within a communal property
association. The Communal Land Rights Act 11 of 2004 explicitly states in
section 4(3) that a woman is entitled to the same legally secure tenure,
rights in or to land and benefits from land as a man, and no law, community
or other rule, practice or usage may discriminate against any person on the
ground of the gender of such person. In this study the effect of the gender specific
provisions in the Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996
and the Communal Land Rights Act 11 of 2004 will be evaluated with
reference to case studies, to determine whether the state's theoretical
commitment to gender equality within the land reform policy has been
realised in the case of communal land and the improvement of the position
of black rural women's access to land.Thesis (LL.M.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Queiroz, Mônica Rodrigues de. "A variabilidade climática e as mudanças de uso da terra: um estudo de caso da vazão e sedimentos da bacia do rio Piracicaba com modelagem numérica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-12082014-173458/.
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O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar os impactos decorrentes das mudanças de uso da terra e da variabilidade climática nos recursos hídricos (vazão e fluxo de sedimentos), em mesoescala (bacia do rio Piracicaba) e em pequena escala (microbacia do Ribeirão das Posses), através de um estudo de modelagem numérica com o modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Foram utilizados dados de modelo numérico de terreno, mapas de solo e uso da terra, temperatura, precipitação, vento, radiação solar e umidade relativa para forçar o modelo SWAT. O modelo mostrou resultados satisfatórios de desempenho na comparação com dados observados, conforme mostram os índices estatísticos na bacia do rio Piracicaba (COE entre 0,97 e 0,99 para vazão e de 0,90 para fluxo de sedimentos) e no Ribeirão das Posses (COE de 0,53 para a vazão e 0,7 para fluxo de sedimentos). Nas simulações de modificações de uso da terra os resultados indicam que em ambas as bacias as maiores vazões ocorrem nos cenários de desflorestamento, sendo o cenário de pastagem o de valores mais expressivos. O modelo correspondeu às evidências de que as vazões máximas, por exemplo os eventos de inundações, podem ser mitigados com o reflorestamento e que o cenário de antropização com gramíneas, no caso das pastagens e cana-de-açúcar, os eventos extremos tendem a ser aumentados ainda mais. Na avaliação da simulação dos fluxos de sedimentos, o cenário de reflorestamento por eucalipto mostra redução na perda do solo, porém ainda abaixo do cenário de reflorestamento por vegetação nativa, que apresentou os menores valores de fluxo de sedimentos, em ambas as bacias. Na simulação levando-se em consideração as mudanças climáticas, os resultados mostram aumento de vazão para o futuro (2078-2098) e consequente aumento de fluxo de sedimento, sendo um aumento médio de 12 % nas vazões do Piracicaba e de 19 % no fluxo de sedimentos. No Ribeirão das Posses este padrão de resposta também ocorreu, com aumento de 46% na vazão e 40 % no fluxo de sedimentos.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impacts of changes in land use and climate variability on water resources (discharge and sediment fluxes), into mesoscale (Piracicaba River basin) and small-scale (watershed Ribeirão das Posses) processes throughout a study of numerical modeling with SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Data of numerical model of terrain, soil maps and land use, temperature, precipitation, wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity forced the SWAT model. The model showed a satisfactory performance in comparison with the observed data, as showed by the statistical indices of the Piracicaba River Basin (COE between 0.97 and 0.99 to 0.90 for flow and sediment fluxes) and Ribeirão das Posses (COE of 0.53 to 0.7 for flow and sediment fluxes). In simulations of changes in land use the results indicate that in both basins larger flows occur in the case of deforestation scenarios, being the scene of the pasture the highest values. The model corresponded to the evidence that peak flows, for example the events of flooding can be mitigated with reforestation and the scenario of anthropogenic with grasses for grazing land and sugar cane, extreme events tend to be further enhanced too. In assessing the simulation of sediment flows, the scenario of reforestation with eucalyptus shows reduction in soil loss, but still below the scenario reforestation with native vegetation, which presented the lowest values of sediment flux in both basins. In the simulation taking into account climate change, the results show increased flow to the future (2078-2098) and consequent increase in stream sediment, with an average 12% increase in the flows of Piracicaba and 19 % in the flow sediment. In Ribeirão das Posses this response pattern also occurred with a 46% increase in throughput and 40 % in the stream sediments.
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GUIMARÃES, Rafaela de Paula Modesto. "Avaliação da regeneração natural de Tetragastris altíssima (Aubl.) swart em clareiras abertas em florestas exploradas seletivamente." UFRA/MPEG, 2008.
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This study was conducted in a forest with selectively exploration, in the
Experimental Field of EMBRAPA Eastern Amazon, MOJU - PA. The objective was to
study the behavior of natural regeneration and transplanted seedlings of Tetragastris
altissima (Aubl.) Swart. Nine gaps were selected, which were grouped into classes of
size, which were implanted a plot of 2 m x 2 m e another of 5 m x 5 m in the centre and
four other parcels for each position: Edge, 20 m to 40 m of clearing within the forest
and for each direction: North, South, East and West were implanted three tranches. The
seedlings were assessed by survival and growth of T. altissima (Aubl.) Swart, during
nine years of observation. To survive in the center of clearings, the plantation showed
the best results (33,89%) compared to natural regeneration (11,11%). For the distances
and directions, the survival of natural regeneration was better to the south at 40 m away
from the center of gaps with 11,11% and the West presented to 20 m 7,41%. For
planting the species showed 16,67% of survival in the eastern edge and 40m to the
south, the best results for this analysis. The growth of the species in the centre was more
significant in the planting (7,3 cm/year) than in natural regeneration (0,28 cm/year). In
the distances and directions of growth was higher at 40 East to me in the West edge,
0,28 cm/year in natural regeneration, and the highest for the seedlings were transplanted
in the eastern edge, where growth was 3,14 cm/ano. The species was established in
better environment disturbed than in natural regeneration; both for survival, and for
growth, trending to the first would be a viable silvicultural method for enrichment of
forests. It is consistent plant species in the environments of radiation directly because of
better results at the centre of gaps for the two analyses. The survival and growth of the
species in relation to gradients north-south, east-west, was indifferent to this analysis,
both for natural regeneration, as for the planting, demonstrating the character of species
with ecological characteristics of the group of tolerant of shade.Este estudo foi realizado em uma floresta explorada seletivamente, no Campo Experimental da EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Moju – PA. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o comportamento da regeneração natural e das mudas transplantadas de Tetragastris altíssima (Aubl.) Swart, conhecida popularmente como breu almescla, através da taxa de sobrevivência e incremento médio anual. Foram selecionadas nove clareiras, as quais foram agrupadas em classes de tamanho, onde foram implantadas uma parcela de 2 m x 2 m e outra de 5 m x 5 m no centro e quatro outras parcelas para cada posição: borda, 20 m e 40 m da clareira para dentro da floresta, nas direções: Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste. As mudas foram avaliadas através da sobrevivência e crescimento de T. altissima (Aubl.) Swart, durante nove anos de observação. Para a sobrevivência no centro das clareiras, o plantio apresentou os melhores resultados (33,89%) em comparação à regeneração natural (11,11%). Para as distâncias e direções, a sobrevivência da regeneração natural foi melhor ao Sul a 40 m distantes do centro das clareiras, em relação à bordadura, com 11,11% e ao Oeste a 20 m apresentou 7,41%. Para o plantio a espécie apresentou 16,67% de sobrevivência a Leste na Borda e a 40 m ao Sul, os melhores resultados para essa análise. O crescimento da espécie em relação ao centro foi mais significativo no plantio (7,3 cm/ano) do que na regeneração natural (0,28 cm/ano). Nas distâncias e direções o crescimento foi maior ao Leste a 40 m e ao Oeste na Borda, 0,28 cm/ano, na regeneração natural, e o maior para as mudas transplantadas foi na Borda ao Leste, onde o crescimento foi de 3,14 cm/ano. A espécie se estabeleceu melhor em ambiente de mudas transplantadas do que na regeneração natural, tanto para a sobrevivência, quanto para o crescimento, tendenciando que o primeiro seria um método silvicultural viável para enriquecimento de florestas. É coerente plantar a espécie em ambientes de radiação direta, devido aos melhores resultados no centro das clareiras para as duas análises. A sobrevivência e o crescimento da espécie em relação aos gradientes Norte-Sul, Leste-Oeste, foi indiferente para essa análise, tanto para a regeneração natural, quanto para o plantio, demonstrando o caráter de espécie com características do grupo ecológico das tolerantes a sombra.
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Mahlalela, Thembisile Regina. "Kusetjentiswa kwesibekandzaba etindzabeni letimfisha ta - J.J. Ncongwane." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1112.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2010.Lolu lucwaningo loluphatselene nekuvetwa kwesibekandzaba etindzabeni Ta - J.J Ncongwane. Luhleleke ngetehluko letisihlanu Sehluko sekucala: Setfulo selucwaningo Lesehluko siphatselene netinhloso nemkhawulo welucwaningo, tindlela telucwaningo, kuchazwa kwemagama nekutfutfuka kwetindzaba letimfisha tesiSwati. Sehluko sesibil: Indzawo Kulesehluko kwetfulwa indzawo yasemakhaya yasemadolobheni, lesuselwa enhloko,levetwe esihlokweni nalevetwe esingenisweni. Sehluko sesitsatfu: Sikhatsi Kulesehluko kwetfulwa tikhatsi temnyaka, tikhatsi telusuku nemalanga eliviki. Sehluko sesine: Simonhlalo Kulesehluko kuvetwa simonhlalo lesifana nenjabulo, lusizi,buchawe, bucili,kuvana, butsa,kubeketela nekucasuka. Sehluko sesihlanu: Siphetfo Lesehluko siphatselene nesiphetfo ngendzawo,ngesikhatsi, ngesimonhlalo kanye netincomo.
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Palanisamy, Bakkiyalakshmi. "Evaluation of SWAT model - subdaily runoff prediction in Texas watersheds." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5921.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial variability of rainfall is a significant factor in hydrologic and water
quality modeling. In recent years, characterizing and analyzing the effect of spatial
variability of rainfall in hydrologic applications has become vital with the advent of
remotely sensed precipitation estimates that have high spatial resolution. In this study,
the effect of spatial variability of rainfall in hourly runoff generation was analyzed using
the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for Big Sandy Creek and Walnut Creek
Watersheds in North Central Texas. The area of the study catchments was 808 km2 and
196 km2 for Big Sandy Creek and Walnut Creek Watersheds respectively. Hourly
rainfall measurements obtained from raingauges and weather radars were used to
estimate runoff for the years 1999 to 2003. Results from the study indicated that
generated runoff from SWAT showed enormous volume bias when compared against
observed runoff. The magnitude of bias increased as the area of the watershed increased
and the spatial variability of rainfall diminished. Regardless of high spatial variability,
rainfall estimates from weather radars resulted in increased volume of simulated runoff.
Therefore, weather radar estimates were corrected for various systematic, range-dependent
biases using three different interpolation methods: Inverse Distance
Weighting (IDW), Spline, and Thiessen polygon. Runoff simulated using these bias adjusted radar rainfall estimates showed less volume bias compared to simulations using
uncorrected radar rainfall. In addition to spatial variability of rainfall, SWAT model
structures, such as overland flow, groundwater flow routing, and hourly
evapotranspiration distribution, played vital roles in the accuracy of simulated runoff.
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Tein, Jenn-Yun. "The subjective workload assessment technique (SWAT) : an application and evaluation /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487670346876945.
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Hoß, Manfred [Verfasser], and Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Raupp. "Jan Swart : ein Katalog zugeschriebener Zeichnungen / Manfred Hoß ; Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Raupp." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2013. http://d-nb.info/114138342X/34.
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Parekh, Swati [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Enard. "Optimising gene expression profiling using RNA-seq / Swati Parekh ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Enard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1189067013/34.
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Almano, Ada. "Swart Afrikaanse digters en 'n omvattende, inklusiewe Suid-Afrikaanse digkuns : 'n posisiebepaling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7751.
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Bibliography: leaves 128-134.Soos die titel aandui, beoog die studie in hoofsaak om te bepaal wat die posisie van "swart" Afrikaanse digters is met betrekking tot 'n inklusiewe Suid-Afrikaanse digkuns, en meer spesifiek ten opsigte van taal, ras en geslag.
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Caddy-Retalic, Stefan. "Quantifying responses of ecological communities to bioclimatic gradients." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113384.
Full textAbstract:
The biotic change along environmental gradients has been the subject of study for well over a century, forming one of the first tools to understand how environment shapes the species and ecosystems that occur. However, gradient studies have historically relied on limited observations on a single transect, limiting their inductive power. Here, I investigate how this limitation can be addressed. I present case studies to illustrate how next-generation transect studies can integrate observations from a wider range of observations of phenotypes, species and communities; together with observations from multiple taxa and gradients. Leaf carbon isotope data from bioclimatic gradients in China, South Australia and Western Australia are integrated to demonstrate a variety of species- and community-level responses to water availability, providing evidence against the previously asserted claim of a simple and universal response. Vegetation data from the same gradient is surveyed with two separate survey methodologies are co-analysed to demonstrate climate is the primary regional determinant of vegetation structure and composition in South Australia, while topographic and edaphic variables are important at a local scale. I find no evidence of ecological disjunctions that may indicate a threshold of vegetation change associated with climate shifts. Comparison of plant and ant species turnover on a spatial gradient suggested that ant communities are ca. 7.5 times more sensitive than plant assemblages to spatial change, providing evidence that future climate change may force community reorganisation and a decoupling of these two taxa, potentially disrupting important interactions and ecosystem function. Well-designed transect studies have the potential to help resolve long-standing questions around the modes of species adaptation to change, as well as improving our understanding of how climate change will shape ecosystems in to the futureThesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2018
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(9179471), Kuan Hung Lin. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SWAT CUP AND SWATSHARE FOR CALIBRATING SWAT MODELS." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT model) is a widely used model when dealing with large and complex watershed simulations. To correctly predict runoff of a watershed, auto-calibration methods are applied. Among all the platforms, SWAT CUP is widely used in the SWAT model community. The new web-based calibration platform: SWATShare is also gaining its popularity due to the benefits of user-friendly interface, access to high-performance computing resources, and collaborative interface. While the algorithm implemented in SWAT CUP is Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI2), Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is the algorithm employed by SWATShare. There is a limited amount of research comparing the model performance between these two calibration algorithms and platforms.
This study aims to examine whether the performances of calibrated models are providing equally reliable results. Thirty US watersheds are studied in this research, SWAT models were calibrated using seven years of rainfall data and outflow observations from 2001 to 2007, and then the models were validated using three years of historical records from 2008 to 2010. Inconsistency exists between different algorithms calibrated parameter sets, and the percentage difference between parameter values ranges from 8.7% to 331.5%. However, in two-thirds of the study basins, there is no significant difference between objective function values in two algorithms calibrated models. Correlations are examined using values of parameters and watershed features. Among all the features and parameters, Length of reach and GW_DELAY, CH_N2 and ALPHA_BF, climate zone and GWQMN, SFTMP and NSE have medium correlation exist in both SWATShare and SWAT CUP calibrated models among 30 watersheds. The correlation coefficient difference between them are less than 0.1. When visualizing results by Ecoregions, KGE and NSE are similar in calibrated models from both tools.
The initial parameter range used for SWAT CUP calibration could lead to satisfactory results with greater than 0.5 objective function values. However, the parameter values of the calibrated model might not be presenting a real physical condition since they are out of the realistic range. The inaccurate parameter values might lead to lower objective function values in the validation. The objective function values can be improved by setting the range of parameter values to match the realistic values.
By comparing two tools, SWATShare accurately calibrates parameter values to a realistic range using default range in most cases. For those models with an unsatisfactory result from SWATShare, the objective function values could be improved after specifying the parameters to the best-fit range given by SWAT CUP results. Also, for those watersheds which have similar satisfactory calibrated objective values from both tools, constraining the parameter to a reasonable range could generate a new calibrated model that performs as well as the original one. Using the approach to constrain parameter values to a realistic range gradually can exclude some statistically satisfactory but physically meaningless models. Comparing two auto-calibration software, SWATShare accurately calibrates parameter values to a realistic range using default range in most cases. Also, in some of the ecoregions, the best parameter sets in SWATShare fall in a more physically meaningful range. Overall, the newly emerged platform, SWATShare, is found to have the capability of conducting good SWAT model calibration.
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Jiang-Shie, Shenq-Fang, and 江謝勝芳. "Fin Design of SWATH Ship." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78613354705246786588.
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碩士國立成功大學
造船工程學系研究所
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Fin design is an integral part of the SWATH ship design task as these fins provide the vessel with the necessary stability,and damping in the vertical drection.They also further reduce the ship motion . The major purpose of this paper is provided a valid design methodology for the fixed fin of SWATH ship. In this paper,first,states the equation of ship motion and the fineffect in wave.Second,illsrates the principle of unstable of SWATH ship motion in the vertical direction and how to design the fin to keep this vesselstable in seaway.Finally,illustrate the practical fin design of SWATH 6Aship and a fuller SAWTH ship .
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Myburgh, Cornelis Hermanus. "'n Motiveringstrategie vir swart onderwysers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10911.
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M.Ed. (Educational Psychology)Motivated teachers are essential for effe~~ive teaching to take place. As a result of trauma experienced by the black teacher, especially after 1976, when their authority was. undermined and the slogan "Liberation before education" was the theme of the day, teachers were unmotivated to teach. Furthermore the existing forms used to "inspect" the teachers were unacceptable for the ANC government and teachers. The researcher, out of his experience as subject advisor, identified and addressed the shortcomings in the existing evaluation practices by developing a motivation strategy where a motivation form is used. In this way a learning culture could again be established in the schools. As a grounding for above mentioned strategy a literature study was done on motivation, the motivation theories as well as ways in which adults are motivated. Goal setting, what it entials, existing theories as well as the errors made when setting goals, were also researched by means of literature studies. A motivation form is developed in this research, in which the purpose, development and structuring of the form is discussed. Finally research is undertaken to determine the didactic principles relevant to this study were researched to determine what the purpose and value of each principle were, and how these could simultaneously contribute towards the mastering of the work by the pupils.
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Nieuwoudt, Herman. "Die keuring van Swart eerstelyntoesighouers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10365.
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M.A. (Industrial Psychology)South Africa is a country richly blessed with natural and human resources. Optimal utilization of human resources is of great importance for economic development, but a number 9f factors with specific reference to the South African situation restrain this development, i.e; A shortage-of skilled labour 2. A small white population that has to satisfy the demand for skilled labour, and 3. A shortage of supervisory and middle management. By means of training, the shortage of skilled labour can be reduced and by placing Blacks in supervisory positions the demand on the white population can be eased. One of the first levels of management is that of the first line supervisor. The position of the Black first line supervisor is receiving more and more attention from industrialists who realise the importance of these supervisors for the healthy functioning of an organisation. Black supervisors can be effective, but they have to be selected and trained correctly. The focus of this study is placed on the selection of Black first line supervisors. Two selection instruments, The Work Preference Questionnaire (WPQ) and the Picture Situation Test (PST) were specifically developed for this purpose, but the metric qualities of the tests were not known until now. The aim of this study is to determine the validity of these two selection instruments. The model for concurrent validity is used.