Relevant bibliographies by topics / SWAT

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Academic literature on the topic 'SWAT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "SWAT"

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Zhang, Ying, Jinliang Hou, Yongpan Cao, Juan Gu, and Chunlin Huang. "OpenMP parallelization of a gridded SWAT (SWATG)." Computers & Geosciences 109 (December 2017): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.08.002.

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Michael, Mark A. "To Swat or Not to Swat." Environmental Ethics 18, no. 2 (1996): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics199618230.

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Klein, George C. "Thinking SWAT." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 3, no. 1 (April 28, 2003): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v03n01_05.

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Yusuf, Ilona. "from Swat." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (May 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557241.

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Chapman, Suzy. "Virtual swat." New Scientist 213, no. 2856 (March 2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)60699-x.

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Zare, Mohammad, Shahid Azam, and David Sauchyn. "A Modified SWAT Model to Simulate Soil Water Content and Soil Temperature in Cold Regions: A Case Study of the South Saskatchewan River Basin in Canada." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 10804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710804.

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Soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature are important hydrologic state variables. Accurate model simulation is critical in hydrologic regimes in cold regions dominated by spring snowmelt. In this study, we developed a combined physically-based soil temperature and energy-balance rain-on-snow (ROS) module for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and applied it to the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB). We calibrated the SWAT base (SWAT-B) model and the SWAT modified (SWAT–M) model using daily measured soil temperature and SWC by hydrological response unit (HRU) for the years 2015 to 2020. The results of sensitivity analysis using the SUFI-2 technique in SWAT-CUP indicated that eight parameters have the most significant (p < 0.5) effect on streamflow, soil moisture, and snowmelt. Statistics for the SWAT-B and SWAT-M streamflow models revealed that the new module improved the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) from 0.39 to 0.71 and 0.42 to 0.76 for calibration and validation, respectively. The statistics for SWAT-simulated daily SWC showed that the measured data were a better fit with SWAT-M versus the SWAT-B output. Furthermore, SWAT-B values exceeded SWAT-M output and field measurements, and thus, the range of SWAT-M results was a better fit with observations. SWAT-B tended to underestimate soil temperature in the cold season, while SWAT-M significantly improved soil temperature simulation for winter. This new SWAT module simulated freeze-thaw cycles and captured the influence of snow cover on surface soil ice-water content. Spatial analysis of SWC and soil temperature across the SSRB showed that the SWAT-M model predicted more SWC and lower soil temperature in the western part of SSRB than SWAT-B, with higher soil temperature and lower SWC in the eastern region.
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Yuan, Lifeng, and Kenneth J. Forshay. "Evaluating Monthly Flow Prediction Based on SWAT and Support Vector Regression Coupled with Discrete Wavelet Transform." Water 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172649.

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Reliable and accurate streamflow prediction plays a critical role in watershed water resources planning and management. We developed a new hybrid SWAT-WSVR model based on 12 hydrological sites in the Illinois River watershed (IRW), U.S., that integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with a Support Vector Regression (SVR) calibration method coupled with discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) to better support modeling watersheds with limited data availability. Wavelet components of the simulated streamflow from the SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedure (SWAT-CUP) and precipitation time series were used as inputs to SVR to build a hybrid SWAT-WSVR. We examined the performance and potential of the SWAT-WSVR model and compared it with observations, SWAT-CUP, and SWAT-SVR using statistical metrics, Taylor diagrams, and hydrography. The results showed that the average of RMSE-observation’s standard deviation ratio (RSR), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and root mean square error (RMSE) from SWAT-WSVR is 0.02, 1.00, −0.15, and 0.27 m3 s−1 in calibration and 0.14, 0.98, −1.88, and 2.91 m3 s−1 in validation on 12 sites, respectively. Compared with the other two models, the proposed SWAT-WSVR model possessed lower discrepancy and higher accuracy. The rank of the overall performance of the three SWAT-based models during the whole study period was SWAT-WSVR > SWAT-SVR > SWAT-CUP. The developed SWAT-WSVR model supplies an additional calibration approach that can improve the accuracy of the SWAT streamflow simulation of watersheds with limited data.
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Dzulfiqar, Muhammad Fakhri, and Asep Sapei. "Kinerja Program Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) yang Dimodifikasi untuk Menduga Debit Sub-DAS Cimanuk Hulu." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 8, no. 03 (December 28, 2023): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsil.8.03.157-166.

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Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) merupakan sebuah model hidrologi yang dikembangkan di Amerika Serikat untuk menganalisis dampak dari perubahan tata guna lahan terhadap hasil air (debit) dan sedimentasi. Model ini telah banyak diterapkan di Asia. Akan tetapi, neraca air di dalam model SWAT menggunakan neraca air untuk tanaman yang ditanam pada lahan kering (up land) termasuk tanaman padi. Di Asia, khususnya di Indonesia, tanaman padi umumnya ditanam di lahan sawah. Untuk menyesuaikan dengan kondisi lahan sawah, model SWAT telah dimodifikasi dengan mengacu kepada algoritma sawah yang dikembangkan oleh Sakaguchi et.al. (2014). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja model SWAT yang dimodifikasi untuk menduga debit Sub-DAS Cimanuk Hulu yang bersawah. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa model SWAT yang dimodifikasi dapat menduga debit relative lebih baik dibandingkan dengan modul SWAT original (tanpa algoritma sawah) yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai determinasi (R2) dan Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Nilai R2 dari hasil kalibrasi model SWAT yang dimodifikasi, SWAT original lahan kering dan model SWAT pot-hole berturut-turut adalah 0.569, 0.494 dan 0.544. Sedangkan nilai NSE dari hasil kalibrasi model SWAT yang dimodifikasi, SWAT original lahan kering dan model SWAT pot-hole berturut-turut adalah 0.521, 0.420 dan 0.503
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Gunn, Kpoti M., Anthony R. Buda, Heather E. Preisendanz, Raj Cibin, Casey D. Kennedy, and Tamie L. Veith. "Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13711.

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HighlightsWe used SWAT-VSA to assess the effects of climate change with rising CO2 on the water balance of a karst basin.For future climate, SWAT-VSA with rising CO2 yielded 7.1% less ET and 6.3% more runoff than standard SWAT-VSA.Rising CO2 also affected variable source areas, with greater ET declines and runoff increases in the wettest soils.Findings suggest CO2 effects on water balance should be included in future climate change studies with SWAT-VSA.Abstract. Characterizing the effects of climate change on hydrology is important to watershed management. In this study, we used SWAT-VSA to examine the effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 (CO2) on the water balance of Spring Creek watershed, a mixed land-use karst basin in the Upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. First, we modified the stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI) routines of SWAT-VSA’s Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) procedure and enabled the model to accept daily CO2 data. Using downscaled climate projections from nine global climate models (GCMs), we then compared water balance estimations from baseline SWAT-VSA against two modified versions of SWAT-VSA. One SWAT-VSA version integrated daily CO2 levels (SWAT-VSA_CO2), while another version added flexible stomatal conductance and LAI routines (SWAT-VSA_CO2+Plant) to the dynamic CO2 capacity. Under current climate (1985-2015), the three SWAT-VSA models produced generally similar water balance estimations, with 51% of precipitation lost to ET and the remainder converted to runoff (10%), lateral flow (9%), and percolate (30%). For future climate (2020-2065), water balance simulations diverged between baseline SWAT-VSA and the two modified SWAT-VSA models with CO2. Notably, variable stomatal conductance and LAI routines produced no detectable effects beyond that of CO2. For the 2020-2065 period, baseline SWAT-VSA projected ET increases of 0.7 mm year-1, while SWAT-VSA models with CO2 suggested that annual ET could decline by approximately -0.4 mm year-1 over the same period. As a result, the two CO2-based SWAT-VSA models predicted streamflow increases of almost 1.6 mm year-1 over the 2020-2065 period, which were roughly double the streamflow increases projected by baseline SWAT-VSA. In general, SWAT-VSA models with CO2 effects produced 22.4% more streamflow in 2045-2065 than the SWAT-VSA model without CO2. Results also showed that adding daily CO2 to SWAT-VSA reduced ET in wetter parts of Spring Creek watershed, leading to greater runoff losses from variable source areas compared to baseline SWAT-VSA. Findings from the study highlight the importance of considering increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in water balance simulations with SWAT-VSA in order to gain a fuller appreciation of the hydrologic uncertainties with climate change. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Hydrologic model, Water balance, Watershed.
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Fausan, Ahmad, Asep Sapei, Yuli Suharnoto, and Nora Herdiana Pandjaitan. "Analysis of Maros River Discharge Using the Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) Program." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i1.146-160.

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Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) which is developed in America was used to analyze the effect of land management on discharge, sedimentation, and water quality in a river basin area. The hydrological conditions in the Americas are different from Indonesia, so a modified SWAT is done. This research aimed to implement a modified SWAT program to predict the results of a better discharge analysis based on hydrological analysis in the sub-Watershed area. About 13.90% of the area was paddy fields. The evaluation of the module had been done by looking at the coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) based on the comparison of simulated discharge results with an observation discharge. Research began with delineation DEM, HRU formation, simulation, calibration, and validation. The R² value for daily data on modified SWAT was 0,725. It was better than the original SWAT and SWAT with Pothole, which were 0,706 and 0,708 respectively. Likewise, the NSE value for daily data on modified SWAT was 0,721, on original SWAT and on SWAT with Pothole was 0,668 and 0,685 respectively. The analysis result showed that the modified SWAT provide good discharge prediction results, indicated by relatively high R2 and NSE values.Keywords: hydrological analysis,modified SWAT, paddy field, pothole, SWAT
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SWAT"

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Maze, Rex Allan II. "SWAT." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300235860.

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Parajuli, Prem B. "SWAT bacteria sub-model evaluation and application." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/373.

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Bhandari, Ranjit. "ANALYZING STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY UNDER CMIP5 PROJECTIONS USING SWAT MODEL." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2363.

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For analyzing the effect of climate change on the streamflow at a regional scale, six General Circulation Models (GCMs) were selected from among eighteen GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the Pajaro River Watershed in central California. The 1/8° latitude-longitude resolution bias-corrected and downscaled CMIP5 projections were utilized for an ensemble of GCMs under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The twenty-first century is segregated into three time-periods (2016-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099) for comparing the streamflow against changing precipitation and temperature according to the CMIP5 projections. The daily maximum and daily minimum temperature are projected to consistently rise through to the latter part of the century. Csiro-mk3-6 and canesm2 models project an increase of 3.1°C in annual average daily maximum temperature and 3.4°C in annual average daily minimum temperature respectively in 2070-2099 period under RCP8.5 scenarios. Future precipitation is projected to increase in January and February, which means the wet months in the Pajaro River Watershed are likely to get more rainfall. The dry months would continue to receive diminished precipitation throughout the century. The streamflow was increasing on future January, and sporadically, in February months but diminished during the dry months. The range of annual average streamflow for the future years stretched from 0.1 to 29.1 m3/s for the GCM ensemble, mostly close to the lower limit. The results suggest considering multiple climate change scenarios and evaluating alternative setups would provide a robust basis for hydrological assessment.
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JAIN, MAYUR. "RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELLING OF BETWA BASIN USING SWAT TOOL." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18819.

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The hydrologist is under stress that how to analyze the catchment so that it could manage it properly and develop water resource project. To reduce their complexity in analyzing various engineering problems like reservoir storage, flood protection, forecasting, drainage system design Hydrologists used hydrological modeling so that he could give a solution to the difficult problem. To find runoff from Betwa basin which comes under the Ganga basin, ArcSWAT software have been used along with ArcGIS software In Actual, SWAT is distributed parameter model which be used to find surplus water, erosion, residue from land. In this study, we delineate our catchment area by the use of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and we got 33 sub-basin in our study area. After the creation of Land use map, soil map and slope map in swat model, we got 271 HRU ( hydrological response unit) and have given 25 years of daily rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature data Model is simulated for 25 years in which calibration have been done from 1990 to 2000 and taken two year as warm-up period which gives result R 2 = 0.89 , NS = 0.58 and validation have been done from 1999 to 2013 and taken two years as warm-up period which give result R 2 = 0.90 and NS = 0.34.
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Veiga, Aldrei Marucci. "Calibração do modelo hidrossedimentológico SWAT na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Samambaia, Goiânia - GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3497.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This research paper focus on the analysis of SWAT model calibration in terms of flow and sediment in Samambaia River Basin, a small watershed (32.78 km2) located at Goiânia, Brazil. Streamflow and suspended sediment daily measurements have been carried out by February to December 2013 and climatic data were obtained form a weather station located inside the basin. Terrain data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil types, and land use were on the SWAT autocalibration too as well as on SWAT-CUP software, which is a specific too for automatic calibration. Initially, the simulation run in SWAT overestimated values of runoff peak and underestimated minimum discharges. However, the peaks were minimized and minimum discharges were adjusted to the observed flows after sensitivity analysis. By using different optimization schemes (GLUE, PARASOL and SUFI-2) in SWAT-CUP, an automatic calibration analysis has been done, which presented a better fit to the observed values (start with streamflow, than move to sediment). Statistical analysis using the coefficient of Nash-Sutcliff efficiency (COE) resulted in 0.80 and 0.88 for runoff and suspended sediment, respectively, which are considered good fits between simulated and observed values. The CN parameter, which is related to soil type, land use, and infiltration, showed the highest sensitivity in the calibration. After that, the alpha factor of base flow was another which showed higher sensitivity. The higher value obtained for the Manning roughness coefficient allows runoff to be damped. With regard to sediment calibration, parameters of sediment from landscape (USLE_P and USLE_C) as well as parameters of sediment from channel (SPCON and SPEXP) have been used in the calibration, once that they have shown higher sensibility.
O objetivo desta pesquisa é fazer a análise da calibração do modelo SWAT em termos de fluxo e sedimentos na bacia do Córrego Samambaia, uma microbacia (32,78km2), localizada em Goiânia, Brasil. Medições diárias de vazões e sedimentos foram realizadas em Fevereiro a Dezembro de 2013, e os dados climáticos foram obtidos a partir de uma estação meteorológica localizada no interior da bacia. Dados do terreno, tais como Elevação Digital do Terreno (MDT), tipos de solos e usos da terra foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação e Estatística de Goiás (SIEG). Análises foram realizadas na ferramenta autocalibração do SWAT, bem como no software SWAT-CUP, que é uma ferramenta específica para a calibração automática. Inicialmente, a execução da simulação no SWAT superestimou os valores de pico do escoamento e subestimou as vazões mínimas. No entanto, os picos foram minimizados e as vazões mínimas foram ajustadas para os fluxos observados após análise de sensibilidade. Ao utilizar diferentes esquemas de otimização (GLUE, ParaSol e Sufi-2) no SWAT-CUP, uma análise de calibração automática foi feito, que apresentou um melhor ajuste aos valores observados (começando pela vazão a qual altera o sedimento). A análise estatística do coeficiente de eficiência de Nach-Sutcliffe (COE) resultou em 0,80 e 0,88 para o escoamento superficial e sedimentos em suspensão, respectivamente, que são considerados bons ajustes entre os valores simulados e observados. O parâmetro CN, que está relacionado com o tipo de solo, uso da terra e infiltração, apresentou maior sensibilidade na calibração. Depois disso, o fator alfa de fluxo de base foi outra que mostrou maior sensibilidade. Quanto maior for o valor obtido para o coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning permite que o escoamento seja amortecido. No que diz respeito a calibração dos sedimentos, os parâmetros de sedimentos de paisagem (USLE_P e USLE_C), bem como os parâmetros de sedimentos a partir do canal (SPCON e SPEXP) tem sido utilizados na calibração, uma vez que eles mostraram maior sensibilidade.
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Palanisamy, Bakkiyalakshmi. "Evaluation of SWAT model - subdaily runoff prediction in Texas watersheds." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5921.

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Spatial variability of rainfall is a significant factor in hydrologic and water quality modeling. In recent years, characterizing and analyzing the effect of spatial variability of rainfall in hydrologic applications has become vital with the advent of remotely sensed precipitation estimates that have high spatial resolution. In this study, the effect of spatial variability of rainfall in hourly runoff generation was analyzed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for Big Sandy Creek and Walnut Creek Watersheds in North Central Texas. The area of the study catchments was 808 km2 and 196 km2 for Big Sandy Creek and Walnut Creek Watersheds respectively. Hourly rainfall measurements obtained from raingauges and weather radars were used to estimate runoff for the years 1999 to 2003. Results from the study indicated that generated runoff from SWAT showed enormous volume bias when compared against observed runoff. The magnitude of bias increased as the area of the watershed increased and the spatial variability of rainfall diminished. Regardless of high spatial variability, rainfall estimates from weather radars resulted in increased volume of simulated runoff. Therefore, weather radar estimates were corrected for various systematic, range-dependent biases using three different interpolation methods: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Spline, and Thiessen polygon. Runoff simulated using these bias adjusted radar rainfall estimates showed less volume bias compared to simulations using uncorrected radar rainfall. In addition to spatial variability of rainfall, SWAT model structures, such as overland flow, groundwater flow routing, and hourly evapotranspiration distribution, played vital roles in the accuracy of simulated runoff.
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Tein, Jenn-Yun. "The subjective workload assessment technique (SWAT) : an application and evaluation /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487670346876945.

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Qāsim, Muḥammad. "Modelling land use changes in Swat, Pakistan : spatial and temporal dynamics of land use change in Swat (1968-2007) : a Hindu Kush Himalayan region of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555847.

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Swat is part of the high mountain Hindu-Kush Himalayan region of Pakistan, with diverse biophysical and socio-economic characteristics. The region is endowed with many fragile and fragmented ecosystems, where land use and land cover changes have accelerated processes with irreversible effects on ecosystems. The thesis aims to; 1) find evidence of land use and cover change in the context of very disparate accounts on the state of forest resources in Pakistan, and particularly in Swat; 2) analyze the drivers of change and model the impact of geophysical factors on land use change; and 3) to identify the socioeconomic driving foreces ofland use change and to reflect on governance and policy failures and discuss potential policy options for conserving forests given these trends. To achieve our aims we used remote sensing and GIS for temporal analysis of land use and land cover change for the years 1968, 1990 and 2007, and for analyzing the geophysical and socioeconomic driving forces behind these changes we used logistic regression, test statistics, household surveys and expert interviews. Based on remote sensing and GIS we could provide clear evidence for fragmentation and deforestation; which is contrary to official Pakistani sources. In high altitude ecosystem the forest area decreased by 30.5%, with 11.4% deforestation due to agricultural expansion; in the mid-elevation zone, agriculture expanded by 70.3% and forests decreased by 49.7%; and in the lower altitudes agriculture expansion was 129.9% consuming 31. 7% of the forest areas over the 40 years study period. Binomial logistic regression analysis of the geophysical factors showed that III the more vulnerable high altitude ecosystems, despite accessibility problems, agriculture expansion has been a significant factor mainly driven by off-season vegetable production. In the lower altitudes agriculture expansion on forested areas was mainly explained by proximity to main roads and markets. Similarly expansion of smallholder agriculture and built up areas in the three zones were explained by proximity to water sources, slope, aspect and distance to settlements. Overall, various degrees of population pressure combined with improved access to infrastructure and markets lead to various degrees of agricultural expansion and intensification as well as extension of built up land. This was combined with institutional shortcomings especially with regards to contested property rights and ineffectual governmental interference; For sustainable livelihood agricultural production could be enhanced through conservation of traditional crops diversity (instead of predominance of off-season vegetables) and scientific input enabling improvement in traditional soil conservation and fertility management to reduce the risks of agriculture abandonment on steep slopes in the long-term. Exploration of alternate resources of fuel and energy, coupled with strategic reforestation programmes can bea positive step to minimize forest degradation. Apart from that a carefully crafted reform program is required including the strengthening of property rights, provisions for communal management and market based incentives, depending on the social, economic, and ecological characteristics of the different zones under consideration. Only with such policies in place the current rapid rate of deforestation can be avoided and sustainable resource use be ensured.
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Fall, Claudia. "Microbial Contamination Assessment with SWAT in a Tile-Drained Rural Watershed." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20057.

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Microbial contamination of drinking water poses an important health risk which causes severe illnesses and epidemics. In order to improve surface and drinking water quality, the understanding of fecal pathogen contamination processes including their prevention and control needs to be enhanced. The watershed model soil water assessment tool (SWAT) is commonly used to simulate the complex hydrological, meteorological, erosion, land management and pollution processes within river basins. In recent years, it has been increasingly applied to simulate microbial contamination transport at the watershed scale. SWAT is used in this study to simulate Escherichia coli (E.coli) and fecal coliform densities for the agriculturally dominated Payne River Basin in Ontario, Canada. Unprecedented extensive monitoring data that consist of 30 years of daily hydrological data and 5 years of bi-weekly nutrient data have been used to calibrate and validate the presented model here. The calibration and validation of the streamflow and nutrients indicate that the model represent these processes well. The model performs well for periods of lower E. coli and fecal coliform loadings. On the other hand, frequency and magnitude of higher microbial loads are not always accurately represented by the model.
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Rattray, Danny James. "Modelling herbicide movement from farm to catchment using the swat model." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006245/.

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[Abstract]Water quality in Australia’s northern grains farming areas often exceeds water quality trigger values for suspended sediments, nutrients and some herbicides (CBWC, 1999). While there are many land uses in these areas that contribute to the resultant water quality, of particular concern for the grains farming industry is the widespread detection in rivers of chemicals used by their industry, namely atrazine and metolachlor. A comparison of Hodgson Creek catchment (South East Queensland, Australia) herbicide data with national water quality guidelines shows that trigger values are frequently exceeded. That water quality trigger values are exceeded is expected for a highly modified catchment such as Hodgson Creek, and the Australian New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) (2000) guidelines make provision that in such catchments, locally derived targets should be set. Natural resource managers therefore require skills in linking planned management with their ability to set or meet targets. The opportunity suggested itself for using catchment modelling to set realistic targets for water quality based on the adoption of best management farming practices. This study investigated the suitability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to fulfil this modelling role in an Australian context of land use management. To test the suitability of SWAT to fulfil this role, the study aimed to determine the feasibility of using the model to explicitly depict farm management practices at a paddock scale to estimate resultant catchment water quality outcomes. SWAT operates as two distinct sub-models. A hydrologic response unit (HRU) (the paddock scale model) generates runoff and constituents, and the output of many HRU are summed and routed through a stream network. The method for calibration of SWAT proposed in the user manual (Neitsch et al., 2001) is to calibrate against streamflow before calibrating sediment and then herbicides. The logic of testing in a process dependent order is sensible, however the method proposed by Neitsch et al. (2001) assumes that the HRU processes are reliable and calibration only need consider catchment scale processes. A review of the literature suggested that there had been limited testing of HRU process in studies where SWAT had been applied. Data available for model testing came from both paddock and catchment studies. The effects of cultivation management practices on runoff and erosion have been well characterised for the study area by Freebairn and Wockner (1996). Atrazine dissipation in soil and loss in runoff was available from a study of a commercial farm in the Hodgson Creek catchment (Rattray et al, 2007). An ambient and event based water quality monitoring for suspended sediments and herbicides provided data for the Hodgson Creek catchment for the period 1999 to 2004 (Rattray, unpublished data). The model required minimal calibration to achieve good predictions of crop yields and surface cover for winter crops. However, testing of summer cropping component revealed structural problems in SWAT associated with the end of a calendar year. Testing also revealed that perennial pastures and trees are modelled with unrealistic fluctuations in biomass and leaf area index. The model was able to represent hydrology well across a range of scales (1-50,000 ha). Catchment scale runoff data was well matched for a range of tillage treatments. The model was found to be able to attain a good prediction of monthly runoff at the catchment scale. This is consistent with the finding of most other SWAT studies. The model was able to represent average annual erosion reasonably well using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) when tested at the HRU scale (1 ha) against a range of tillage management data. When tested at the catchment scale the model was found to be able to match average annual sediment loads for the catchment however annual variability in sediment loads was poorly matched. Testing of the herbicide model for SWAT found that model compared poorly with paddock scale trial data. The reason for poor model performance can be attributed to an inadequate representation of processes and model output was unrealistic compared to our understanding of herbicide transport processes. When the model was tested at a catchment scale it was found to compare very poorly with catchment scale observations. This can be explained in part by the deficiencies of the HRU herbicide model, but is also due in part to difficulties in parameterisation of spatial and temporal inputs at the catchment scale. While SWAT provides a model with detailed physical processes, the capacity to apply the model is let down by an ability to practically determine the spatial and temporal extent of the farming practices (i.e. where and when are tillage and herbicides applied in the catchment). The challenge to applying SWAT is that farming practices in Australia vary markedly from year to year. SWAT requires the user to input crop practices in as a fixed rotation while Australia’s highly variable climate with unreliable seasonal weather patterns results in opportunistic farming practices. Hence this is a major limitation in the models ability to predict catchment outcomes, particularly for herbicides where off site losses are highly dependant on application timing. In attempting to validate herbicide losses at the whole of catchment scale it became apparent that uncertainty in the temporal variation of farm operations within the catchment poses a major limitation to accurately reproducing observations at the catchment outlet. It is concluded that that there is limited usefulness of SWAT for investigating the impacts of land management on catchment scale herbicide transport for Australian conditions.
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Books on the topic "SWAT"

1

Khan, Dildar Ali. Swat: Hidden Treasures of Swat. USA: The Book Patch Publishers, USA, 2014.

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(Pakistan), Population Census Organisation, ed. swat 1998 district census report of [swat]. Islamabad: Population Census Organisation, Statistics Division, Govt. of Pakistan, 1999.

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SWAT teams. New York: Chelsea House, 2010.

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Karlsson, Rolf, and Andrzej Lingas, eds. SWAT 88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8.

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Snow, Robert L. SWAT Teams. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6048-1.

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Gilbert, John R., and Rolf Karlsson, eds. SWAT 90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52846-6.

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Forest, Anne. SWAT teams. New York: PowerKids Press, 2016.

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Michael, Green. SWAT teams. Mankata, Minn: Capstone Books, 1998.

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The charming Swat. Lahore: Maqsood Publishers, 1999.

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Graves, Paula, and Elizabeth Heiter. SWAT secret admirer. Richmond, Surrey: Mills & Boon, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "SWAT"

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Lindholm, Charles. "Swat Pathan." In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, 833–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29907-6_86.

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Carlsson, Svante, J. Ian Munro, and Patricio V. Poblete. "An implicit binomial queue with constant insertion time." In SWAT 88, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_1.

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Ghosh, Subir Kumar. "On recognizing and characterizing visibility graphs of simple polygons." In SWAT 88, 96–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_10.

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Overmars, Mark H. "Connectability problems." In SWAT 88, 105–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_11.

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Cunto, Walter, and Patricio V. Poblete. "Two hybrid methods for collision resolution in open addressing hashing." In SWAT 88, 113–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_12.

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Szpankowski, Wojciech. "On an alternative sum useful in the analysis of some data structures." In SWAT 88, 120–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_13.

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Høyland, Sven-Olai. "Bin-packing in 1.5 dimension." In SWAT 88, 129–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_14.

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Yap, Chee. "Applications of a symbolic perturbation scheme." In SWAT 88, 138. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_15.

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Dahlhaus, Elias, and Marek Karpinski. "A fast parallel algorithm for computing all maximal cliques in a graph and the related problems." In SWAT 88, 139–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_16.

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Gilbert, John R., and Hjálmtýr Hafsteinsson. "Parallel solution of sparse linear systems." In SWAT 88, 145–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-19487-8_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "SWAT"

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Moon, Hyun Jin, Hakan Hacıgümüş, Yun Chi, and Wang-Pin Hsiung. "SWAT." In the 16th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2452376.2452385.

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Srinivasan, Kannan, Maria A. Kazandjieva, Mayank Jain, Edward Kim, and Philip Levis. "SWAT." In the 6th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460469.

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Grossman, Max, and Vivek Sarkar. "SWAT." In HPDC'16: The 25th International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2907294.2907307.

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Katz, Phil, Matthew Singleton, and Richard Wicentowski. "SWAT-MP." In the 4th International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621474.1621541.

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Aji, Ashwin M., Wu-chun Feng, Filip Blagojevic, and Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos. "Cell-SWat." In the 2008 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1366230.1366235.

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Ali Saleh. "Application of SWAT and APEX Models Using SWAP (SWAT/APEX Program) for Upper North Bosque River Watershed in Texas." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16381.

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Olivera, Francisco, Milver Valenzuela, and Raghavan Srinivasan. "ArcGIS-SWAT: A GIS Interface for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)203.

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Raman, A. "SWAT Surveillance Wall Acclivitous Tracker." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913097.

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Rochet, Florentin, Kyriakos Efthymiadis, FranÃois Koeune, and Olivier Pereira. "SWAT: Seamless Web Authentication Technology." In The World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313637.

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Breternitz, Mauricio, Keith Lowery, Anton Charnoff, Patryk Kaminski, and Leonardo Piga. "Cloud Workload Analysis with SWAT." In 2012 24th International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbac-pad.2012.13.

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Reports on the topic "SWAT"

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Khan, M. A., M. Anwar, and S. Baig. Mountain Environmental Management In Swat District, Pakistan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.96.

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Khan, M. A., M. Anwar, and S. Baig. Mountain Environmental Management In Swat District, Pakistan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.96.

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Potter, Scott S., and Jeine R. Bressler. Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT): A User's Guide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215405.

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Khan, A. Energy Planning And Management In Swat District, Pakistan; A Case Study. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.92.

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Khan, A. Energy Planning And Management In Swat District, Pakistan; A Case Study. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.92.

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Schlegel, Robert E., and Kirby Gilliland. Evaluation of the Criterion Task Set. Part 1. CTS Performance and Swat Data - Baseline Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224331.

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Zhang, Z., and M. Wu. Analysis of Riverine Sediment and Nutrient Exports in Missouri River Basin by Application of SWAT Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132248.

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Author, Not Given. Seniors Weatherization and Training (SWAT): Partnerships In Low Income Residential Retrofit: Model implementation program: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6120707.

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Psaris, Alexander. Assessing Hydrologic and Water Quality Sensitivities to Precipitation Changes, Urban Growth and Land Management Using SWAT. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1782.

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Heinen, Marius, Martin Mulder, and Joop Kroes. SWAP 4 : technical addendum to the SWAP documentation. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/540451.

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