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1
Jenkins, Gregory P., Megan Shaw, and Bryce D. Stewart. "Spatial Variation in Food-Limited Growth of Juvenile Greenback Flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina: Evidence from Otolith Daily Increments and Otolith Scaling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-279.
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Growth rates of juvenile flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, determined from daily increment number, and the relationship between otolith and fish sizes (otolith scaling), were compared between two adjacent areas. Swan Bay, Victoria, a sheltered bay with a well-developed seagrass-detrital system, supports higher populations of prey and feeding rates of juvenile flounder than Port Phillip Bay, an area more exposed to waves and tidal currents. Temperature was significantly higher in Swan Bay (though generally less than 1 °C). Growth rates determined from daily increment number were similar within bays, but significantly different between bays. The pooled growth rate for Swan Bay (0.29 mm∙d−1) was significantly higher than for Port Phillip Bay (0.17 mm∙d−1). The same pattern was found for otolith scaling. Most of the variation in growth rates between the two bays was apparently related to food supply. A laboratory experiment indicated that otolith growth rate had a minimum level which was independent of somatic growth rate, and an additional component which was highly correlated with somatic growth rate. This resulted in an exponential decrease in otolith growth per unit somatic growth with increasing somatic growth rate such that variation in otolith scaling would be greatest at low growth rates.
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Maxeiner, Ralf O., and Nicole M. Rayner. "Geology, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and geochemistry of PGE-bearing Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic gabbroic rocks of the Peter Lake domain, southern Hearne craton, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 2017): 587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0104.
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The Peter Lake domain, a component of the Hearne craton in Saskatchewan, includes several intrusive complexes ranging in age from 2.70 to 1.83 Ga. Two gabbroic complexes (Swan River and Porter Bay) together represent one of the largest accumulations of Precambrian mafic intrusion, both metamorphosed at amphibolite facies. Sulfide-poor PGE occurrences are found in both complexes and share many textural and lithological characteristics with magmatic contact-type PGE–(Ni–Cu) deposits such as the chaotic Lac des Iles pluton and with layered stratiform deposits of large layered intrusions such as Bushveld or Stillwater. Lithologically, both complexes are dominated by leucocratic gabbronorite and gabbro, locally characterized by cumulate layering, cross-bedding, brecciated, and pegmatitic textures. U–Pb zircon crystallization ages between 2562 and 2560 Ma were obtained for the Swan River complex. sulfide formation is interpreted to be of magmatic origin rather than remobilized, as had been speculated by exploration geologists, and is therefore of the same age as the host gabbro. Geochemical data support the interpretation of a mantle plume origin in a subduction environment for the Swan River complex. The Porter Bay complex is much more restricted in areal extent and a leucocratic gabbronorite yielded a U–Pb zircon age of 1913 ± 1 Ma, which is interpreted as the crystallization age and the time of sulfide formation. Major and trace element geochemical data of Porter Bay complex rocks show a considerably more evolved character than the Swan River complex, and is interpreted as indicating emplacement in a continental arc environment.
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Wishaw, Daniel, Javier X. Leon, Matthew Barnes, and Helen Fairweather. "Tropical Cyclone Impacts on Headland Protected Bay." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050190.
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The response of headland protected beaches to storm events is complex and strongly site dependent. In this study, we investigated the response of several headland protected beaches in Noosa, Australia to a tropical cyclone event. Pre and post topographical surveys of all beaches were completed using both pole-mounted RTK-GNSS and structure-from-motion (SfM)-derived elevation models from survey-grade drone imagery to assess sediment volume differentials. Coastal imaging was used to assess shoreline development and identify coastal features while a nearshore wave model (SWAN) was used to project waves into the study site from a regional wave buoy. Obliquely orientated swells drive currents along the headland with sediment being eroded from exposed sites and deposited at a protected site. Elevated sea-levels were shown to be a strong force-multiplier for relatively small significant wave heights, with 10,000 m3 of sediment eroded from a 700 m long beach in 36 h. The SWAN model was adequately calibrated for significant wave height, but refraction of swell around the headland was under-represented by an average of 16.48 degrees. This research has coastal management implications for beaches where development restricts natural shoreline retreat and elevated sea states are likely to become more common.
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Baron-Hyppolite, Christophe, Christopher Lashley, Juan Garzon, Tyler Miesse, Celso Ferreira, and Jeremy Bricker. "Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Vegetation Representations in SWAN Hindcasting Wave Dissipation by Coastal Wetlands in Chesapeake Bay." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010008.
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Assessing the accuracy of nearshore numerical models—such as SWAN—is important to ensure their effectiveness in representing physical processes and predicting flood hazards. In particular, for application to coastal wetlands, it is important that the model accurately represents wave attenuation by vegetation. In SWAN, vegetation might be implemented either implicitly, using an enhanced bottom friction; or explicitly represented as drag on an immersed body. While previous studies suggest that the implicit representation underestimates dissipation, field data has only recently been used to assess fully submerged vegetation. Therefore, the present study investigates the performance of both the implicit and explicit representations of vegetation in SWAN in simulating wave attenuation over a natural emergent marsh. The wave and flow modules within Delft3D are used to create an open-ocean model to simulate offshore wave conditions. The domain is then decomposed to simulate nearshore processes and provide the boundary conditions necessary to run a standalone SWAN model. Here, the implicit and explicit representations of vegetation are finally assessed. Results show that treating vegetation simply as enhanced bottom roughness (implicitly) under-represents the complexity of wave-vegetation interaction and, consequently, underestimates wave energy dissipation (error > 30%). The explicit vegetation representation, however, shows good agreement with field data (error < 20%).
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Kantarzhi, Izmail’, and Aleksandr Anshakov. "Interactive numerical model of hydrometeorologic factors in Kola Bay." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126303016.
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The structure of the developed interactive model of wind waves and currents for the construction area in the Kola Bay, Barents Sea is considered. The interaction between three modules of the developed model which based on the SWAN, ARTEMIS and COASTOX models is shown. The interactive model can be applied to get the statistical characteristics of waves and currents. The article presents an overview of the results of applying a chain of numerical models to determine the wave loads on the structures of the projected Center for the Construction of Large-capacity Marine Structures in the Kola Bay.
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Samiksha, Volvaiker, Ponnumony Vethamony, Charls Antony, Prasad Bhaskaran, and Balakrishnan Nair. "Wave–current interaction during Hudhud cyclone in the Bay of Bengal." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (November 29, 2017): 2059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2059-2017.
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Abstract. The present work describes the interaction between waves and currents utilizing a coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model for the very severe cyclonic storm Hudhud, which made landfall at Visakhapatnam on the east coast of India in October 2014. Model-computed wave and surge heights were validated with measurements near the landfall point. The Holland model reproduced the maximum wind speed of ≈ 54 m s−1 with the minimum pressure of 950 hPa. The modelled maximum surge of 1.2 m matches with the maximum surge of 1.4 m measured off Visakhapatnam. The two-way coupling with SWAN showed that waves contributed ≈ 0.25 m to the total water level during the Hudhud event. At the landfall point near Visakhapatnam, the East India Coastal Current speed increased from 0.5 to 1.8 m s−1 for a short duration ( ≈ 6 h) with net flow towards the south, and thereafter reversed towards the north. An increase of ≈ 0.2 m in Hs was observed with the inclusion of model currents. It was also observed that when waves travelled perpendicular to the coast after crossing the shelf area, with current towards the southwest, wave heights were reduced due to wave–current interaction; however, an increase in wave height was observed on the left side of the track, when waves and currents opposed each other.
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Sebastian, Antonia, Jennifer Proft, J. Casey Dietrich, Wei Du, Philip B. Bedient, and Clint N. Dawson. "Characterizing hurricane storm surge behavior in Galveston Bay using the SWAN+ADCIRC model." Coastal Engineering 88 (June 2014): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.03.002.
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Yang, Yongliang, Xiaocai Yin, Xiaoyan Mu, Chunyan Li, Yue Li, Jianjun Jia, and Yunchuan Xue. "Environmental geochemistry of Swan Lake Inlet, Rongcheng Bay, the Yellow Sea of China." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 20, no. 2 (June 2001): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03165997.
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Zhao, Xin, and Qun Sun. "Influence of Reclamation on Hydrodynamic Environment in Bohai Bay." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3262.
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The SWAN model was used to simulate the effect of the coastline change caused by the reclamations on the wave fields in Bohai Bay. The numerical results in the year of 2000 had been compared with that of 2010 to study the influence of the sea reclamations on the wind waves in Caofeidian area. The results show that the significant wave height has a declining trend due to the reclamation and decreased in value of 0.1 to 0.4m in 2010. The magnitude of the decrease of the significant wave height in winter is larger than that in summer. The significant variations of wave fields are occurred in the harbor basin and tide channel.
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Rick, Torben C., Gregory A. Henkes, Darrin L. Lowery, Steven M. Colman, and Brendan J. Culleton. "Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections (ΔR) for Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic Coast of North America." Quaternary Research 77, no. 1 (January 2012): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.002.
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Radiocarbon dates from known age, pre-bomb eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells provide local marine reservoir corrections (ΔR) for Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic coastal area of eastern North America. These data suggest subregional variability in ΔR, ranging from 148±46 14C yr on the Potomac River to −109±38 14C yr at Swan Point, Maryland. The ΔR weighted mean for the Chesapeake's Western Shore (129±22 14C yr) is substantially higher than the Eastern Shore (−88±23 14C yr), with outer Atlantic Coast samples falling between these values (106±46 and 2±46 14C yr). These differences may result from a combination of factors, including 14C-depleted freshwater that enters the bay from some if its drainages, 14C-depleted seawater that enters the bay at its mouth, and/or biological carbon recycling. We advocate using different subregional ΔR corrections when calibrating 14C dates on aquatic specimens from the Chesapeake Bay and coastal Middle Atlantic region of North America.
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Giragosov, V. E., and M. M. Beskaravainy. "Seasonal dynamics of the hydrophilic bird community of Kruglaya Bay (Sevastopol, the Black Sea)." Marine Biological Journal 1, no. 4 (December 17, 2016): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2016.01.4.02.
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The relevance of the study of hydrophilic birds in the urban areas of the Black Sea coast is due to their important role in the coastal biocoenosis structure and the need to preserve biodiversity in the conditions of anthropogenic transformation of Crimean coastal zone. The dynamics of species composition and abundance of birds in Kruglaya (Omega) Bay (Sevastopol) were investigated. The results of regular and episodic monitoring carried out in 1995 and 2005–2016 were used in this work. Quantitative accounting was carried out only in January and February (1–2 times per winter season) in 2005–2008, episodically in 2009–2013 and weekly in December — May 2014/2015 and September — May 2015/2016. Number of specimens per species was registered, and the ratio of young and adult specimens in mute swan (Cygnus olor), sex ratio in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), common pochard (Aythya ferina) and tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) were determined. Russian and Latin names of birds are represented by L. S. Stepanian. Kruglaya Bay is one of Sevastopol bays which form the northern coastline of the Heraclea Peninsula, and it is a place of seasonal concentrations of hydrophilic birds. The basic morphometric characteristics of the bay are the following: the water area — 0.64 km2, length — 1.3 km, maximum width — 0.8 km, the average depth — 4.5 m. The water area of the bay did not freeze usually, only its inner part was covered with ice in extremely cold winters. Benthic macrophyte species are represented by two associations: Cystoseira crinita and C. barbata on stones and rocks, and Zostera noltii and Z. marina on sandy and silty areas. Two local areas of common reed (Phragmites australis) beds are located in the inner part of the bay. The zoobenthos is a significant part of the food supply of birds and includes 97 species, mainly polychaetes, molluscs and crustaceans. The ichthyofauna is represented by 42 fish species. 51 species of aquatic and semi-aquatic birds across 8 Orders were identified. The winter bird community was most diverse and numerous (32 species: 14 Anseriformes, 7 Charadriiformes, 5 Podicipediformes, 3 Gruiformes, 2 Pelecaniformes, 1 Gaviiformes). Eight species dominate regularly in winters and quantitatively — mute swan, mallard, common pochard, tufted duck, eurasian coot (Fulica atra), black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) and common gull (Larus canus). Rare species wintering in the Mountain Crimea, including horned grebe (Podiceps auritus), Bewick’s swan (Cygnus bewickii), red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ruficollis), white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala), knot (Calidris canutus), is of great interest. The average ratio of young and adult mute swans in the main wintering period (December — February) was 61 : 39 % in 2014/2015 and 45 : 55 % in 2015/2016, respectively. The ratio of males and females were as follows: in mallard 49.5 : 50.5 % in 2014/2015, and 51.4 : 48.6 % in 2015/2016; in common pochard 54.8 : 45.2 % in 2014/2015, and 60.5 : 39.5 % in 2015/2016; in tufted duck 51.0 : 49.0 % in 2014/2015, and 51.4 : 48.6 % in 2015/2016, respectively. Formation of the winter bird community began in October, sometimes at the end of September when single specimens of mallard, coot, tufted duck, red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator), black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) appeared. Common gull, great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) and the common pochard come flying in November; the mute swan appears at the beginning of December. Maximum and relatively stable number of most species was typical for January and the first half of February. Maximum number of specimens of all bird species was registered in January 13, 2015 (1288), and February 7, 2016 (1531 specimens). The feeding conditions of Kruglaya Bay allow overwintering of the birds with different feeding specializations. The benthophages (most of Anseriformes and Coot) rank first in species richness (at least 13 species) and in quantitative terms. Five species (black-throated diver (Gavia arctica), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), common sheg (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), red-breasted merganser, Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis)) form the group of ichthyophages. The Grebes occupy an intermediate position between benthophages and ichthyophages: small fish and benthic invertebrates are present in their diet. Four species of gull (black-headed, Caspian, common, Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus)) constitute a group of omnivores. The rare visitors in Kruglaya Bay are zoophagous and omnivorous birds foraging in the surf zone and at shallow depths, such as water rail (Rallus aquaticus), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), knot (Calidris canutus), and herbivores which prefer to feed in terrestrial habitats — red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ruficollis). The nutritional requirements of birds are compensated to a certain extent by additional feeding carried out by townspeople. In general 30 passing and nomadic species, mainly Charadriiformes (11), Anseriformes (7) and Ciconiiformes (5), were registered. A nesting bird community was absent, and only the nesting of little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) was registered in 2016 for the first time in city zone. The spring migration took place from late February to May, the autumn migration — from August until the first decade of November. Kruglaya Bay is a valuable natural and ecological educational place and deserves status as a natural park.
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Petrie, S. A., and K. L. Wilcox. "Migration chronology of Eastern-Population Tundra Swans." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-063.
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We used satellite platform transmitting transmitters (PTTs) in 19982000 to track spring and fall migratory movements of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) captured at Long Point, Ontario. Migration corridors reported here corroborated those identified in previous studies using alphanumerically coded neck collars. However, PTTs provided additional information on duration of spring and fall migrations, duration of stay in different staging regions, time spent on breeding and wintering areas, and migration speed. Birds migrated between the Atlantic coast and northern prairies along a narrow geographic corridor through portions of the southern Great Lakes. From the northern prairies, swans followed 3 corridors to breeding areas on the west coast of Hudson Bay, central High Arctic, and Mackenzie River delta. While swans spent considerable time on Great Lakes (27% of spring migration) and northern prairie (40%) staging areas in spring, the northern boreal forest was an important fall staging area (48% of fall migration). Tundra Swans spent 20% of the annual cycle on wintering areas, 28% on spring staging areas, 29% on breeding areas, and 23% on fall staging areas. The long duration of migration and the fact that birds spend half their lives on staging areas underscore the importance of conserving Tundra Swan migratory habitats. Thirty-gram neck-collar-attached PTTs were more suitable than 95-g Teflon-harness-attached backpack PTTs for tracking Tundra Swans.
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Park, Junesoo, and Bobby J. Presley. "Trace Metal Contamination of Sediments and Organisms from the Swan Lake Area of Galveston Bay." Environmental Pollution 98, no. 2 (November 1997): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00137-1.
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Whitfield, Paula, Jenny Davis, Danielle Szimanski, Jeffrey King, Joe Gailani, Brook Herman, Amanda Tritinger, et al. "ISLAND RESTORATION TO MEET 'TRIPLE-WIN' ENGINEERING WITH NATURE OUTCOMES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.11.
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The coastal islands and marshes of Chesapeake Bay USA, are disappearing along with the ecosystem services and infrastructure/shoreline protection they provide. To counter such losses, the USACE Baltimore District is restoring historic island footprints using dredged sediments. Islands constitute an important natural and nature-based feature (NNBF) that meet the 'triple win outcomes' of USACE's Engineering With Nature (EWN) initiative, by providing economic, social and environmental benefits. Here we highlight the restoration and monitoring of Swan Island using 61,000 cubic yards of dredged sediment. The creation/expansion of Swan Island, is expected to produce significant benefits in terms of ecosystem services, increased resilience to future sea level rise, and abatement of erosive losses to an adjacent coastal community. The pre- and post-restoration monitoring and model development by project partners will serve to quantify the benefits and efficacy of the island restoration thereby facilitating island restoration as a viable NNBF option in the future.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/2kvSVcH2KuE
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Kumar, Nirnimesh, Falk Feddersen, Sutara Suanda, Yusuke Uchiyama, and James McWilliams. "Mid- to Inner-Shelf Coupled ROMS–SWAN Model–Data Comparison of Currents and Temperature: Diurnal and Semidiurnal Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 3 (March 2016): 841–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0103.1.
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AbstractAccurately representing diurnal and semidiurnal internal variability is necessary to investigate inner-shelf to midshelf exchange processes. Here, a coupled Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS)–Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model is compared to observed diurnal and semidiurnal internal tidal variability on the mid and inner shelf (26–8 m water depth) near San Pedro Bay, California. Modeled mean stratification is about one-half of that observed. Modeled and observed baroclinic velocity rotary spectra are similar in the diurnal and semidiurnal band. Modeled and observed temperature spectra have similar diurnal and semidiurnal band structure, although the modeled is weaker. The observed and modeled diurnal and semidiurnal baroclinic velocity- and temperature-dominant vertical structures are similar and consistent with mode-one internal motions. Both observed and modeled diurnal baroclinic kinetic energy are strongly correlated to diurnal wind forcing and enhanced by subtidal vorticity-induced reduction in the inertial frequency. The mid- and inner-shelf modeled diurnal depth-integrated heat budget is a balance between advective heat flux divergence and temperature time derivative. Temperature–velocity phase indicates progressive semidiurnal internal tide on the midshelf and largely standing internal tide on the inner shelf in both observed and modeled. The ratio of observed to modeled inferred phase speed is consistent with the observed to modeled stratification. The San Pedro Bay modeled semidiurnal internal tide has significant spatial variability, variable incident wave angles, and multiple local generation sites. Overall, the coupled ROMS–SWAN model represents well the complex diurnal and semidiurnal internal variability from the mid to the inner shelf.
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Zhang, Qinghe, Feng Tan, Tao Han, Xiaoyuan Wang, Zhiqiang Hou, and Hua Yang. "SIMULATION OF SORTING SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHANNEL OF HUANGHUA HARBOR BY USING 3D MULTI-SIZED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL OF EFDC." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.22.
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Huanghua Harbor, located in the south-west coast of Bohai Bay, China, has frequently encountered severe channel siltation with sorting sedimentation along the channel during storm events since its construction. For prediction of channel siltation, a 3D numerical model of multi-fraction sediment transport based on the coupling of modified EFDC model and SWAN model is developed to investigate the sediment transport. It is shown from simulated results that the sorted sedimentation in the channel was well simulated in storm events, and the high sediment concentration near sea bed for silty coast during storm process can also be basically reflected by the model.
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SHEA, GLENN M., and JODI J. L. ROWLEY. "Resolution of the types and type localities of some early nominal species of the Australian myobatrachid frog genus Pseudophryne Fitzinger, 1843." Zootaxa 4407, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.3.
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The types and type localities of Bombinator australis Gray, 1835, Pseudophryne bibronii Günther, 1859, and Phryniscus albifrons Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, are defined. The nominal type locality for B. australis, Swan River, is considered to be in error. The source of the specimen, Joseph Wright, owned property in the Swan River colony in Western Australia, but later resided in Sydney, the latter locality within the known range of the species. We designate a specimen in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris as lectotype of Pseudophryne bibronii, restricting the type locality of both species to Parramatta, near Sydney, based on the published statements of the collector, François Péron. The holotype of Phryniscus albifrons, a species defined by a painting of a specimen, was likely to have been collected by Jules Verreaux, but the only extant Pseudophryne obtained from Verreaux does not match the type illustration. Verreaux is renowned for the numerous errors in the localities associated with his specimens, and the locality for this specimen, Moreton Bay, Queensland, is likely to be another such error. Resolution of these issues facilitates ongoing taxonomic work on the genus using genetic and morphological data.
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Hesp, S. Alex, and Ian C. Potter. "Reproductive biology of Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) in Western Australian waters, in which it is a rudimentary hermaphrodite." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008786.
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The reproductive biology of the tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba has been studied in three very different environments in Western Australia, namely the lower reaches of the Swan River Estuary and marine waters at the same latitude, i.e. ≈32°S, and a large subtropical marine embayment (Shark Bay) approximately 800 km further north. A macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads demonstrated that R. sarba is typically a rudimentary hermaphrodite in Western Australian waters, i.e. the juveniles develop into either a male or female in which the ovarian and testicular zones of the gonads, respectively, are macroscopically undetectable. This contrasts with the situation in the waters off Hong Kong and South Africa where R. sarba is reported to be a protandrous hermaphrodite. Although R. sarba spawns between mid-late winter and late spring in each water body, the onset of spawning in the estuary is delayed until salinities have risen well above their winter minima. Although males and females attain sexual maturity at very similar lengths in the Swan River Estuary and Shark Bay, i.e. each L50 for first maturity lies between 170 and 177 mm total length (TL), they typically reach maturity at an earlier age in the former environment, i.e. 2 vs 3 years old. During the spawning period, only 25 and 12% of the males and females, respectively, that were caught between 180 and 260 mm TL in nearshore marine waters were mature, whereas 94 and 92% of the males and females, respectively, that were collected in this length-range over reefs, were mature. This indicates that R. sarba tends to move offshore when it has become ‘physiologically’ ready to mature. The L50s at first maturity indicate that the minimum legal length in Western Australia (230 mm TL) is appropriate for managing this species.
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Adytia, Didit, Alif Rizal Yonanta, and Nugrahinggil Subasita. "Wind Wave Prediction by using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model : Case Study in Jakarta Bay." International Journal on Information and Communication Technology (IJoICT) 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/ijoict.2018.42.300.
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Prediction of wind wave is highly needed to support safe navigation, especially for ship. Besides that, loading and unloading activities in a harbour, as well as for design purpose of coastal and offshore structures, data of prediction of wave height are needed. Based on its nature, the wind wave has random behaviour that is highly depending on behaviour of wind as the main driving force. In this paper, we propose a prediction method for wind wave by using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average or ARIMA. To obtain historical data of wind wave, we perform wave simulation by using a phase-averaged wave model SWAN (Simulating Wave Near Shore). From the simulation, time series of wind wave is obtained. The prediction of wind wave is performed to calculate forecast of 24 hours ahead. Here, we perform wind wave prediction in a location in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. We perform several combination of ARIMA model to obtain best fit model for wind wave prediction in the location in Jakarta Bay. Results of prediction show that ARIMA model give an accurate prediction especially for short term prediction.
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Bhaskaran, Prasad K., Sashikant Nayak, Subba Reddy Bonthu, P. L. N. Murty, and Debabrata Sen. "Performance and validation of a coupled parallel ADCIRC–SWAN model for THANE cyclone in the Bay of Bengal." Environmental Fluid Mechanics 13, no. 6 (April 28, 2013): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10652-013-9284-5.
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Martínez-Sarabia, Paulina, and Héctor Reyes-Bonilla. "Damage caused by crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreak to restored corals in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico." Bulletin of Marine Science 97, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0034.
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In the last decades, managers and local communities have been turning to active restoration as a mechanism to recover damaged reefs affected at an unprecedented rate because of climate change, anthropogenic activities, and natural events, such as outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) Acanthaster spp. A coral restoration experiment was conducted in the southern Gulf of California (24°N, 110°W) starting in December 2017. By early 2018, unusually high numbers of Acanthaster cf. solaris appeared at the restoration plots causing significant coral mortality. Fragment survivorship was significantly influenced by site with corals at Roca Swan showing a longer survival probability time [297.43 (SE 16.38) d] compared to El Corralito [133.81 (SE 7.73) d]. From April 2018 to June 2019, average abundance of A. cf. solaris had surpassed 800 ind ha–1 at three sites, and their feeding resulted in high fragment mortality ranging from 39% at Roca Swan to 88% at El Corralito—a strong contrast to other restored reefs along the eastern Pacific where starfish were absent and annual fragment mortality was <15%. La Paz Bay was the first area in the eastern tropical Pacific to suffer an A. cf. solaris outbreak in 2017–2018, severely hindering success of coral restoration programs.
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Karathanasi, Flora, Angeliki Karperaki, Theodoros Gerostathis, and Kostas Belibassakis. "Offshore-to-Nearshore Transformation of Wave Conditions and Directional Extremes with Application to Port Resonances in the Bay of Sitia-Crete." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030280.
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For coastal engineering studies and the efficient design of ports and harbors, reliable information concerning wave conditions in nearshore and coastal sites is needed. In the absence of long-term wave data at the site of interest, this becomes possible by using offshore data, which are usually available in the nearby geographical area, in addition to bathymetric and coastline information concerning the nearshore area and the local site. The latter are used in conjunction with a suitable wave model, which calculates the offshore-to-nearshore transformation of wave conditions and incorporates the relevant shallow-water phenomena. In the present work, the above methodology is applied to calculate the nearshore wave conditions in the Bay of Sitia, Crete, by applying the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model. The interesting feature of the Bay of Sitia is its vulnerability due to strong erosion, which downgrades the touristic value of the beach. Furthermore, nearshore wave data offer valuable information concerning further coastal and port engineering studies. In this context, results from directional extreme value analysis of the nearshore wave conditions in the Sitia Bay are derived and used to investigate resonances in the enclosed marina of the Sitia port, by taking into account the depth variations inside the basin. To this end, a novel method was developed based on the modified mild-slope equation, in conjunction with the Finite Element Model, for the solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem.
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Huang, Lili, Xinming Pu, Jin-Fen Pan, and Bo Wang. "Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of Swan Lake lagoon and Rongcheng Bay in the northern Yellow Sea." Chemosphere 93, no. 9 (November 2013): 1957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.080.
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Guida, Leonardo, Terence I. Walker, and Richard D. Reina. "First record of a bicephalic chondrichthyan found in Australian waters; the southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina dumerilii (Chondrichthyes: Rhinobatidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 5 (2014): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13198.
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We report the first documented case of bicephaly in a chondrichthyan, the southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina dumerilii, in Australian waters. Females in the latter stages of pregnancy, as confirmed by ultrasound, were captured by hand in Swan Bay, Victoria (38.252°S, 144.616°E) in February 2013 and transported to aquaria. Up to 10 females gave birth in aquaria in early April 2013 to 11 neonates, one of which was a still-born, bicephalic neonate. Magnetic resonance imagery of the bicephalic neonate displayed the presence of two parallel vertebral columns running the entire length of the animal, diverging into two well formed heads. Morphological measurements were also made, comparing the bicephalic neonate to normal neonates. The cause of bicephaly is unknown, although congenital and environmental stressors during development may cause this condition.
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Sanford, Lawrence P., and Jia Gao. "Influences of Wave Climate and Sea Level on Shoreline Erosion Rates in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay." Estuaries and Coasts 41, S1 (May 22, 2017): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0257-7.
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Abstract We investigated spatial correlations between wave forcing, sea level fluctuations, and shoreline erosion in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay (CB), in an attempt to identify the most important relationships and their spatial patterns. We implemented the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model and a parametric wave model from the USEPA Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) to simulate wave climate in CB from 1985 to 2005. Calibrated sea level simulations from the CBP hydrodynamic model over the same time period were also acquired. The separate and joint statistics of waves and sea level were investigated for the entire CB. Spatial patterns of sea level during the high wave events most important for erosion were dominated by local north-south winds in the upper Bay and by remote coastal forcing in the lower Bay. We combined wave and sea level data sets with estimates of historical shoreline erosion rates and shoreline characteristics compiled by the State of Maryland at two different spatial resolutions to explore the factors affecting erosion. The results show that wave power is the most significant influence on erosion in the Maryland CB, but that many other local factors are also implicated. Marshy shorelines show a more homogeneous, approximately linear relationship between wave power and erosion rates, whereas bank shorelines are more complex. Marshy shorelines appear to erode faster than bank shorelines, for the same wave power and bank height. A new expression for the rate of shoreline erosion is proposed, building on previous work. The proposed new relationship expresses the mass rate of shoreline erosion as a locally linear function of the difference between applied wave power and a threshold wave power, multiplied by a structure function that depends on the ratio of water depth to bank height.
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Edwards, K. A., B. Anderson, and B. Reavie. "Horizontal Injectors Rejuvenate Mature Miscible Flood - South Swan Hills Field." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 5, no. 02 (April 1, 2002): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/77302-pa.
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Summary The South Swan Hills pool, located in northwest Alberta, Canada, is a carbonate reef with an original oil in place (OOIP) of approximately 850 million bbl. Waterflooding began in 1963, and a staged hydrocarbon miscible flood covering most of the field began in 1973. Solvent injection in the main miscible flood was terminated in 1989, and chase gas injection ceased in 1998. In 1994, however, solvent injection was reinitiated into a single pattern in the reef margin area of the field using a horizontal injector and reduced well spacing. The reef margin is an area of thick, stacked pay that experienced high gravity override during the original miscible flood. The horizontal injector was placed at the base of the reef margin to minimize the effects of gravity override and to maximize sweep efficiency. Four patterns have been developed to date. The two earliest patterns have now completed solvent injection and are on chase waterflood. Both patterns are projected to recover almost 1 million bbl of incremental oil per pattern (more than 10% of pattern OOIP) from areas that were part of the original miscibleflood project. This paper covers the development of the original miscible flood, the redevelopment of the reef margin area using horizontal miscible injectors, and the performance of the four patterns implemented to date. The geological and performance factors that made this redevelopment successful, and their impact on field production, are discussed. Finally, plans for future development of this mature field are presented. Introduction Hydrocarbon miscible flooding has long been a preferred means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in Alberta. It is similar to CO2 flooding, with the exception that the solvent is composed of a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The current solvent composition, for example, is composed of 28% C1, 57% C2, 7%C3, 3%C4, and 2% C5+, with the remainder in other components. This composition is first-contact miscible at current operating conditions. The solvent is usually displaced with cheaper chase gas, composed primarily of methane. An abundance of natural gas liquids (NGLs) in the 1960s and 1970s and the opportunity to incorporate a more efficient displacement process prompted the operator of the South Swan Hills Unit (SSHU) to consider a hydrocarbon miscible flood as a means to increase oil recovery.1 An injection pilot of pure NGLs was carried out from 1970 to 1972, and the field-scale project started in 1973. Initial design called for 21 patterns to be put on injection in the central and northern portions of the unit. This area was still in the early stages of waterflooding and was termed a secondary miscible flood. The western part of the unit was put on miscible injection in 1982. This area had a relatively mature waterflood and was thus termed a tertiary miscible flood. Both areas were developed exclusively with vertical wells. Early performance of the secondary miscible flood, and an evaluation of its performance, were documented by Griffith and Cyca.2 A common problem with miscible flooding is the gravity override of the solvent owing to the density at reservoir conditions, which is much lighter than that of the in-situ oil and water. This was identified as a concern during the design of the original miscible flood, and it was observed in the field. One area particularly prone to override was the reef margin, with its thick, continuous, stacked pay. Horizontal wells have long been considered for application in miscible floods because of problems such as gravity override, and they have been the subject of many studies.3–8 In the case of the South Cowden field in Texas, the goal was to centralize facilities and lower capital costs by accessing larger amounts of reservoir using fewer wells drilled from central locations.6 In the case of the Ratherford Unit in Utah, the goal was to increase the processing rate and sweep efficiency in a low-permeability reservoir.7 These and other benefits (such as improved displacement efficiency, the largest improvement in areal sweep efficiency at the most adverse mobility ratios, and the minimum miscibility pressure maintained over a larger portion of the reservoir) were noted by Chen and Olynyk3 and by Taber and Seright.4 Actual case histories of horizontal injectors in miscible flood applications are relatively rare, however. Two horizontal CO2 injection wells were drilled at South Cowden in 1996,9 but no performance has been published. Horizontal injectors are being used in the Prudhoe Bay field in what is termed a lateral MIST application. 10 There, bulbs of miscible injectant are placed at regular intervals along a horizontal injector. The solvent bulbs mobilize residual oil toward vertical producers. Horizontal injectors are being used in the Weyburn CO2 flood in Saskatchewan, Canada, but no performance has been published to date. Finally, Chugh et al. describe a model study and subsequent field implementation of a horizontal miscible injection project in the Virginia Hills field (a sister reservoir to South Swan Hills) in 1997.11 The concept of horizontal injectors applied to SSHU is the same as that in the Virginia Hills field and is similar to the process used in Prudhoe Bay. It is illustrated in Fig. 1. The horizontal well is placed low in the pay section to sweep reservoir that was missed because of gravity override during injection into vertical wells. To date, four patterns using horizontal injectors have been implemented at SSHU. The first pattern went on injection in 1994 and has since finished chase gas injection. The second pattern went on injection in 1997; it has since completed solvent injection and is currently on chase waterflood. The final two patterns began injection during 2000. The geology that makes these patterns possible, their response, and an analysis of performance are discussed in detail next. Geology The South Swan Hills pool is located in northwest Alberta, as shown in Fig. 2. It covers an area of almost 37,000 acres, of which more than 35,000 acres have been unitized into SSHU. The pool is a carbonate reef with an OOIP of ??850 million bbl. To date, almost 300 wells have been drilled into the unit, mainly on 160-acre spacing. Fig. 3 shows the unit outline, well locations, and horizontal miscible-pattern locations. The South Swan Hills pool is one of a number of large atoll reef buildups that are part of an extensive reef complex developed in Upper Devonian time. It produces light oil from original limestone porosity of the Devonian Swan Hills formation. The reef has features typical of these complex heterogeneous reservoirs, including a platform, a reef interior characterized by tidal flats and lagoonal mud areas with varying degrees of restriction, and a reef margin.
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Silva, Guilherme Vieira da, Paula Gomes da Silva, Rafael Sangoi Araujo, Antonio Henrique da Fontoura Klein, and Elírio E. Toldo Jr. "Wave run-up on embayed beaches. Study case: Itapocorói Bay, Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 65, no. 2 (June 2017): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017133706502.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a new approach for estimating run-up on embayed beaches based on a study of the microtidal coast of Itapocorói Bay, Southern Brazil using the surf similarity parameter and wave height at break location. The four step methodology involved: 1) direct wave measurement (34 days), wave run-up measurement (19 days at 7 points within the bay), measurement of bathymetry and beach topography in the entire bay; 2) tests on available formulae to calculate wave run-up; 3) use of the SWAN spectral wave model to simulate wave parameters at breaking at each wave run-up measurement point and; 4) development of a new formula/approach to assess wave run-up on embayed beaches (in both exposed and protected areas). During the experiments the significant wave height varied from 0.5 m to 3.01 m, the mean wave period from 2.79 s to 7.76 s (the peak period varied between 2.95 s and 17.18 s), the mean wave direction from 72.5° to 141.9° (the peak direction varied from 39.2° to 169.8°) and the beach slope (tan β) from 0.041 to 0.201. The proposed formula is in good agreement with measured data for different wave conditions and varying degrees of protection. The analysis demonstrates that although R² varies from 0.52 to 0.75, the wave run-up distribution over the measurements agreed well with the proposed model, as shown by quantile-quantile analysis (R²=0.98 to 0.99). The errors observed in individual cases may be related to errors of measurements, modeling and to non-linear processes in the swash zone, such as infragavity waves.
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Ninomiya, Junichi, Nobuhito Mori, Tomohiro Yasuda, Hajime Mase, and Naoto Kihara. "IMPROVEMENT OF STORM SURGE SIMULATION UPON PARAMETERIZATIONS OF COUPLED AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.51.
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Coupled atmosphere-ocean model has been developed in various organizations. Warner et al. developed fully coupled model, so-called COAWST, using the atmosphere model WRF, the ocean model ROMS and the wave model SWAN. Though there are several studies with coupled model, there is few research on tropical cyclone event analyzing the changes in ocean current and water temperature in detail. In this study, a series of numerical simulations was carried out targeting Typhoon Melor (2009), and it is analyzed against to the meteorologic and oceanic field data at Tanabe bay, Wakayama Prefecture in Japan. The results show that the wave energy dissipation by the wave model is effective in the change of ocean current and the thermal feedback by the atmospheric model is effective in the change of water temperature due to the typhoon passage.
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Lu, Jing, Yong Teng, Wanqing Chi, Liping Yin, and Daolong Wang. "Investigation of wave characteristics in a semi-enclosed bay based on SWAN model validated with buoys and ADP-observed currents." Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 37, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8023-2.
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Fisher, Alexander W., Lawrence P. Sanford, and Steven E. Suttles. "Wind Stress Dynamics in Chesapeake Bay: Spatiotemporal Variability and Wave Dependence in a Fetch-Limited Environment." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 2679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0004.1.
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AbstractThe spatiotemporal variability of wind stress dynamics in Chesapeake Bay has been investigated using a combination of observations and numerical modeling. Direct measurements of momentum and surface heat fluxes were collected using an ultrasonic anemometer deployed on a fixed tower in the middle reaches of Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 2012 along with collocated wave measurements. These measurements were compared to bulk estimates of wind stress using wave-dependent formulations of the Charnock parameter (alpha). Results indicate that a constant alpha value of 0.018 reasonably represents observed stress values, but estimates can be improved by the inclusion of surface wave information in the parameterization of alpha. Using a wave age formulation of alpha in combination with an optimally interpolated 10-m neutral wind field, a third-generation numerical wave model, Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), was employed to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of wind stress across the estuary. Alpha values were found to be wind speed dependent and displayed spatial distributions that ranged between open-ocean values and strongly fetch-limited values. Model results suggest that variable wind stress dynamics stemming from a combination of variable surface winds and fetch-limited wave growth may result in the 10-m neutral drag coefficient varying by a factor of 2 across the estuary. Up to 20% of these changes can be directly attributed to the effects of variable waves.
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Pandoe, Wahyu W., and Billy L. Edge. "Case Study for a Cohesive Sediment Transport Model for Matagorda Bay, Texas, with Coupled ADCIRC 2D-Transport and SWAN Wave Models." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 134, no. 3 (March 2008): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:3(303).
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Yin, Chao, Haijun Huang, Daoru Wang, Yanxia Liu, and Ziyue Guo. "The Characteristics of Storm Wave Behavior and Its Effect on Cage Culture Using the ADCIRC+SWAN Model in Houshui Bay, China." Journal of Ocean University of China 19, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-3941-3.
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Kumar, Nirnimesh, Falk Feddersen, Yusuke Uchiyama, James McWilliams, and William O’Reilly. "Midshelf to Surfzone Coupled ROMS–SWAN Model Data Comparison of Waves, Currents, and Temperature: Diagnosis of Subtidal Forcings and Response." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 6 (June 2015): 1464–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0151.1.
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AbstractA coupled wave and circulation model that includes tide, wind, buoyancy, and wave processes is necessary to investigate tracer exchange in the shelf region. Here, a coupled Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS)–Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model, resolving midshelf to the surfzone region of the San Pedro Bay, California, is compared to observations from the 2006 Huntington Beach experiment. Waves are well modeled, and surfzone cross- and alongshore velocities are reasonably well modeled. Modeled and observed rotary velocity spectra compare well in subtidal and tidal bands, and temperature spectra compare well in the subtidal band. Observed and modeled mid- and inner-shelf subtidal velocity ellipses and temperature variability determined from the first vertical complex EOF (cEOF) mode have similar vertical structure. Although the modeled subtidal velocity vertical shear and stratification are weaker than observed, the ratio of stratification to shear is similar, suggesting model vertical mixing is consistent with observations. On fortnightly and longer time scales, the surface heat flux and advective heat flux divergence largely balance on the inner shelf and surfzone. The surfzone and inner-shelf alongshore currents separated by 220 m are unrelated. Both modeled and observed subtidal alongshelf current and temperature are cross-shelf coherent seaward of the surfzone. Wind forcing explains 50% of the observed and modeled inner-shelf alongshore current variability. The observed and modeled inner-shelf alongshelf nonuniformities in depth-averaged alongshore velocities are similar. Inferred, inner-shelf, wave-induced, cross-shore exchange is more important than on the U.S. East Coast. Overall, the coupled ROMS–SWAN model represents well the waves and subtidal circulation dynamics from the midshelf to the surfzone.
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Kushnir, D. V., Yu S. Tuchkovenko, and Yu I. Popov. "Results of adaptation and verification of the coupled numerical models set for predicting the variation of oceanographic features in the North-Western part of the Black Sea." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 23 (June 8, 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.23.2019.09.
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In 2014 Ukraine lost the Ukrainian National Automated System of Marine Forecasting for the Black Sea that was created and operated at the premises of Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine located in the Crimea. Within the framework of research works aimed at establishing a new marine forecasting system a possibility of employing the internationally acclaimed set of coupled numerical models Delft3D-FLOW + SWAN (the Simulating WAves Nearshore) for operational forecasting of the short-term (5 to 10 days) spatio-temporal variability of oceanographic features in the Ukrainian part of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea Basin is considered. To ensure operation of the models set in the forecasting mode it was suggested to use a prediction of variability of meteorological characteristics at the air-sea interface obtained with the help of the numerical weather forecast model GFS (Global Forecast System). This paper presents the results of verification of Delft3D-FLOW and SWAN numerical models which were adapted to the conditions of the North-Western part of the Black Sea and its Odesa area in the version of meteorological data (fields of wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure) assimilation from the GFS forecast archive. A technique of telescoping the spatial curvilinear computational grids with different resolution capacity was used in the process of models set adaptation to the conditions of the prognostic area. The models were verified by comparing modelling results with observational data on sea level variability in the ports of Odesa area of the North-Western part of the Black Sea (Chornomorsk, Odesa, Yuzhnyi), as well as with data on wind speed and direction, drift currents and characteristics of wind-induced waves recorded over the studied periods by the gauges of stationary hydrometeorological buoy which was mounted in the Bay of Odessa. Based on the analysis of the results of verification of coupled numerical models Delft3D-FLOW + SWAN set it was concluded that the set of coupled models has good prospects of being used in the system of operational forecasting of the variability of oceanographic parameters of the sea environment in the Ukrainian part of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea Basin in the version of assimilation of meteorological information obtained from the GFS global forecast model.
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Bigalbal, Alayna, Ali Rezaie, Juan Garzon, and Celso Ferreira. "Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Coarse Scale Marsh Migration on Storm Surge Hydrodynamics and Waves on Coastal Protected Areas in the Chesapeake Bay." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6030086.
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The increasing rate of sea level rise (SLR) poses a major threat to coastal lands and natural resources, especially affecting natural preserves and protected areas along the coast. These impacts are likely to exacerbate when combined with storm surges. It is also expected that SLR will cause spatial reduction and migration of coastal wetland and marsh ecosystems, which are common in the natural preserves. This study evaluates the potential impacts of SLR and marsh migration on the hydrodynamics and waves conditions inside natural protected areas during storm surge. The study focused on four protected areas located in different areas of the Chesapeake Bay representing different hydrodynamic regimes. Historical and synthetic storms are simulated using a coupled storm surge (ADCIRC) and wave (SWAN) model for the Bay region for current condition and future scenarios. The future scenarios include different rates of local SLR projections (0.48 m, 0.97 m, 1.68 m, and 2.31 m) and potential land use changes due to SLR driven marsh migration, which is discretized in the selected preserve areas in a coarse scale. The results showed a linear increase of maximum water depth with respect to SLR inside the protected areas. However, the inundation extent, the maximum wave heights, and the current velocities inside the coastal protected areas showed a non-linear relationship with SLR, indicating that the combined impacts of storm surge, SLR, and marsh migration depend on multiple factors such as storm track, intensity, local topography, and locations of coastal protected areas. Furthermore, the impacts of SLR were significantly greater after a 1 m threshold of rise, suggesting the presence of a critical limit for conservation strategies.
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Cox, Randel Tom, David N. Lumsden, Kevin Gough, Roger Lloyd, and Joseph Talnagi. "Investigation of late Quaternary fault block uplift along the Motagua/Swan Islands fault system: Implications for seismic/tsunami hazard for the Bay of Honduras." Tectonophysics 457, no. 1-2 (September 2008): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.014.
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McComb, Jen. "Arthur James McComb 1936–2017." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18011.
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Professor Arthur McComb conducted pioneer research on the occurrence and mode of action of the plant growth hormones gibberellins for fifteen years. He then applied his experimental skills and physiological knowledge to develop a whole ecosystem approach to the study of aquatic systems. He was passionate in wanting to improve the state of environmental management, based on rational, logical and well-founded biological principles. He and his team focused primarily on the mechanisms controlling plant growth and productivity in aquatic environments, and especially the effects of nutrient enrichment and its consequences, eutrophication. He became a leader in nutrient analysis of water systems, with innovations in how to determine nutrient pathways into waterways and strategies for fixing these issues. This important research has informed the long-term management of several important aquatic systems in Western Australia: the Blackwood River Estuary, the Peel Harvey Estuary, and the protection of seagrasses in Shark Bay, the Swan River and Cockburn Sound. Arthur McComb had a seminal influence on a generation of researchers. Thirty-nine students completed their higher degrees under his supervision and they are spread internationally and throughout Australia in universities, state government departments and consulting firms, confirming his influence on driving our understanding and management of marine, estuarine and freshwater systems.
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Miller, Woodruff. "Trophic State Evaluation of Selected Lakes in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 19 (January 1, 1995): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1995.3245.
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This short report is the summary of the 120 page complete report describing the trophic status evaluation of seventeen lakes located in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, The study was motivated by concern that the water quality of the lakes within the park may be declining due to increased human usage over the past several years. The trophic status evaluation, featuring nutrient and chorophyll-a analyses, was chosen becuase it is believed to be a sound indicator of the lakes' overall water quality. The literature review proved unsuccessful in finding any trophic status studies which had been previously conducted on the Teton lakes. As a result, it was not possible to identify any changes in water quality over time. Therefore, this report may serve as a guideline with which future studies may be compared. The seventeen lakes selected for the study were grouped according to their elevation and location within the Park. The groups and their respective lakes are as follows: Mountain Lakes; Amphitheater, Lake of the Crags, Delta, Holly, Solitude, and Surprise, Moraine Lakes; Bradley, Jenny, Leigh, Phelps, String, and Taggart, Valley Lakes; Christian Pond, Emma Matilda, and Two Ocean, and Colter Bay Lakes; Cygnet Pond and Swan Lake .
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Zhang, X., Y. Zhou, S. Xu, P. Wang, P. Zhao, S. Yue, R. Gu, et al. "Differences in reproductive effort and sexual recruitment of the seagrass Zostera japonica between two geographic populations in northern China." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13248.
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Coastal seagrass beds are pivotal but threatened marine ecosystems throughout the world. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn. is an endangered species in its native range along the northwestern Pacific coast. In this study, we used ecological survey methods and microsatellite analysis to evaluate sexual reproduction and its role in recruitment of Z. japonica populations at Swan Lake lagoon (SLL) and Huiquan Bay (HQB) in northern China. Mixed annual and continuous meadows of Z. japonica at SLL produced a high number of seeds (mean ± SD: 40244 ± 18666 seeds m-2) and formed a relatively stable seed bank (1460 ± 417 seeds m-2) in the sediment. About 41% of the seed bank and 6% of shoots survived over winter, and recruitment from seeds accounted for 41 ± 24%. In contrast, perennial and fragmented Z. japonica at HQB had lower seed production (12501 ± 5748 seeds m-2) and a much smaller seed bank (10 ± 6 seeds m-2). About 66% of shoots survived over winter, but seedling recruitment was rare at HQB. Thus, relatively large differences in genetic and clonal diversity were predicted between SLL and HQB. Results of the microsatellite analysis of samples collected in 2012 and 2015 showed higher clonal (R) and genetic diversity (Ho) at SLL (2015: R = 1; Ho = 0.55) than at HQB (2015: R = 0.40; Ho = 0.42). These results highlight the role of sexual and asexual reproduction in maintenance and evolutionary connectivity of seagrass populations and emphasize the need to understand local recruitment strategies before starting restoration and management projects.
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Lewis, Darrell. "The Fate of Leichhardt." Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05010.
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In 1848 an expedition led by German scientist Ludwig Leichhardt set out from Moreton Bay (Brisbane) with the intention of crossing the continent to the Swan River (Perth). The trip was expected to take two to three years, but instead the entire expedition disappeared and its fate remains a mystery to this day. It is now recognised that in his time Leichhardt was the best-trained scientist-explorer to have visited Australia, having studied under many of the most eminent European scientists and absorbed the works of others, including the great Alexander von Humboldt. Because of this, I argue that his 1848 expedition was not intended to be merely an east-west traverse of the continent. I determine what route Leichhardt planned to follow and show that he chose this route with several 'Humboldtian' aims in mind. If his expedition had succeeded, it would have been the greatest land-based scientific expedition in Australia's history, and Leichhardt would arguably now be venerated as the father of Australian landscape ecology. From the time it was realised Leichhardt's expedition was lost, many theories have been put forward as to its fate. Most suggest that the expedition perished somewhere in western Queensland or in the vicinity of the Simpson Desert. I present evidence to suggest that Leichhardt followed his proposed course and that this took him far from the Simpson Desert-Central Australian region, that in fact he made it more than two-thirds of the way across the continent and perished in the area where the Tanami Desert meets the Great Sandy Desert.
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Burukovsky, R. N. "Food composition of the shrimp Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea in September 2016." Marine Biological Journal 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.02.
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Palaemon adspersus is an inhabitant of the upper shelf (0–30 m) in temperate and subtropical zones of the East Atlantic, the northern limit of range reaching 60°N (Norway coast) and its southern limit being Atlantic waters of Morocco coast. The food of this species was studied at different times in different parts of its range, but it is described here for the first time for the Black Sea population. Stomach contents of 218 adult P. adspersus (74 of them had some food in the stomach, and 30 stomachs were full) were investigated. Samples were collected in September 2016 from commercial trap net near the Swan Islands in Karkinitsky Bay at the depth not exceeding 1.5 m. There was a small number of stomachs with food. It was due to a long stay of the shrimp in the trap net before their sampling. The shrimp had a body length (from the anterior edge of the orbits to the end of the telson) of 31.5–58.1 mm (males – 33.9–44.1 mm with a mode of 37 mm). The sex ratio was approximately 1 : 8 (11.7 % of males and 82.3 % of females). Females were represented by two groups. The first one had ovaries in maturity stage II and a modal size of 37 mm. The second group with the ovaries in maturity stage III had a modal size of 47 mm. Therefore, in September most of the females were mating, molting, and in their ovaries vitellogenesis began. By food composition, P. adspersus is a benthic feeder – euryphagous. Its food spectrum includes a wide range of food items from detritus and plant residues to gastropods, higher crustaceans, including shrimp, and fish. P. adspersus is primarily a gatherer detritophagous and macrophages, 70 % of its virtual food lump consisted of detritus and corpses of higher crustaceans. However, in relation to polychaetes it behaves as attacking predator while to gastropods it behaves as a grazing one. The comparison of the food composition of P. adspersus in Karkinitsky Bay (2016) with that in the Baltic Sea (1977), in the waters of Atlantic (1987) and Mediterranean (1993–1994) coasts of Spain reveals its spatial and temporal quasi-stability. Based on the totality of available data on food composition of P. adspersus, it should be attributed to sublittoral predators-opportunists.
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Amrutha, M. M., and V. Sanil Kumar. "Changes in Wave Energy in the Shelf Seas of India during the Last 40 Years Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010115.
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Ocean wave energy is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources around the globe, but wave energy varies widely from place to place and from time to time. The long-term variability of wave power at 20 locations in the Indian shelf seas from 1979 to 2018 is described here using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts recently released ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. The variability is calculated on a yearly and monthly basis for the locations based on the coefficient of variation. The annual average wave power varied from 2.3 (at location 16 in the western Bay of Bengal) to 11 kW/m (at location 2 in the northeastern Arabian Sea). Along the western shelf seas, the maximum value of wave power is during the southwest monsoon period and along the east coast, it is during the tropical cyclone period. The standard deviation in wave power is more than the mean value at locations along the northern shelf seas of India, indicating a large variability in wave power in an annual cycle. The west coast locations are shown to have a slightly higher increasing trend with an average of 0.024 kW/m per year, while the increasing trend in wave power of east coast locations is with an average of 0.015 kW/m per year. The study also examines the variation in wave power from deep to shallow water at 2 locations using the wave characteristics obtained from the numerical model SWAN. The electric power output from a few wave energy converters are calculated for all the locations and found that the southernmost locations have a steady and higher percentage of power production.
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Kupsch, Walter. "GSC Exploratory Wells in the West 1873-1875." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.x2u23409u3877u64.
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Although the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) was founded in 1842, it was not until 1872, two years after the transfer of Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) lands to the Dominion of Canada, that the first GSC geologist, Director Alfred R. C. Selwyn, came to the western interior. One year later a drilling program he had been promoting in Ottawa saw two wells brought to completion and a third one started.During the period 1873-1875 five wells were drilled by or for the GSC at: Fort Garry (the first to be spudded and at 37 feet the shallowest), Shoal Lake, Rat Creek, Fort Carlton, and Fort Pelly (the deepest at 501 feet and the last to be abandoned). The main objective was to locate sources of water and coal for the future transcontinental railroad then planned to follow a northwesterly route from Winnipeg to Edmonton.Four wells were drilled with a rotary, diamond sieamdrill which had been used in the hard, coal-bearing rocks of Nova Scotia but proved unsuitable for penetrating the glacial drift, loose sands, and soft clays of the prairies.Besides having to deal with technical problems related to the transport of heavy equipment, a GSC drilling party became embroiled in a dispute between Government and Natives over land rights. After encountering an Indian blockade led by Chief Mistiwassis the crew retreated behind the stockade of HBC's Fort Carlton to drill a 175-foot well in August and September 1875.In 1874 an agreement was made between the GSC and John Henry Fairbank, Canada's most prominent oilman, for the drilling of a well at Fort Pelly. A percussion steamdrill, then in common use in the Petrolia, Ontario, oil fields, was the equipment of choice. Work at a drill site north of the fort in the Swan River valley started 25 August 1874 but on 30 October winter forced suspension. The stored equipment was used again the following year when drilling resumed on 6 July. The contracted 500 foot depth was exceeded by 1 foot on 9 October 1875 when the well was abandoned.
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Bendis, Jared. "SWAG me, baby!" ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 40, no. 3 (November 2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186743.1186756.
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Banham, J. A. "Swab bag test." Nursing Standard 3, no. 33 (May 13, 1989): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.33.47.s70.
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Sedliak, Milan, Ján Cvečka, Veronika Tirpáková, Stefan Löfler, Nejc Šarabon, Helmut Kern, and Dušan Hamar. "Reliability of novel postural sway task test." European Journal of Translational Myology 23, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/bam.2013.3.81.
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Barnston, George. "Recollections of the Swans and Geese of Hudson's Bay." Ibis 2, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1860.tb06035.x.
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TATU, KETAN S., JAMES T. ANDERSON, LARRY J. HINDMAN, and GEORGE SEIDEL. "Mute Swans' Impact on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Chesapeake Bay." Journal of Wildlife Management 71, no. 5 (July 2007): 1431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-130.
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Tatu, Ketan S., James T. Anderson, Larry J. Hindman, and George Seidel. "Diurnal Foraging Activities of Mute Swans in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland." Waterbirds 30, no. 1 (March 2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0121:dfaoms]2.0.co;2.
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Renkenberger, Jaison, Hubert Montas, Paul T. Leisnham, Victoria Chanse, Adel Shirmohammadi, Ali Sadeghi, Kaye Brubaker, Amanda Rockler, Thomas Hutson, and David Lansing. "Effectiveness of Best Management Practices with Changing Climate in a Maryland Watershed." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 3 (2017): 769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.11691.
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Abstract. The potential impacts of climate change on BMP effectiveness were investigated using SWAT simulations for an agricultural watershed that drains into the Chesapeake Bay in the U.S. Northeast climate region. Critical source areas (CSAs) for sediments, nitrogen, and phosphorus, identified for current and future climate (SRES scenarios A1B and A2), were classified by density to support BMP prioritization schemes. BMPs were designed for these CSAs and tested against current and future climate using SWAT simulations to evaluate their robustness. A second set of BMPs was designed by optimization for all agricultural and urban lands in the study watershed and was similarly tested for robustness. In both cases, the design goal was for the watershed’s water quality response to meet the bay TMDLs once BMPs were implemented. Results indicated that density 2 and 3 CSAs (hotspots exporting excess amounts of 2 or 3 constituents) may be good prioritization targets, but reaching the bay TMDLs would still require targeting all CSAs. BMPs designed for CSAs under current climate were effective to reach bay TMDLs under current climate but not under scenarios A1B and A2. BMPs designed for CSAs under scenario A2 were effective to reach the bay TMDLs under all climates, except for nitrogen under A2. Similarly, BMPs optimized for agricultural and urban lands, when designed for current climate, were effective in meeting TMDLs for current climate only. Optimizing these BMPs for future climate produced a design that met TMDLs under both current and future climates, except for nitrogen with future climate. However, in this case, the nitrogen TMDL was exceeded by a smaller amount than in the CSA design. It was concluded that, in the U.S. Northeast, BMPs designed to remediate water quality problems under current climate will be insufficient to maintain water quality with climate change. Increased annual rainfall and storm intensity will increase the proportion of watershed area needing BMPs, and current hotspots will generate excess amounts of new constituents that will require re-design of existing BMPs. Community-based participatory strategies will likely be required to foster BMP adoption and sustain water quality gains in the Chesapeake Bay region. Keywords: BMPs, Best management practices, Climate change, NPS pollution, SWAT model, Water quality, Watershed hydrology.