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Journal articles on the topic 'Swamps Malaysia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Siti Noor Fitriah Azizan, Minh Nhat Huynh, Rory Padfield, Stephanie Evers, Kosuke Noborio, and Hirofumi Hara. "The Effects of Oil Palm Plantation on Fish Composition in Selangor Peatlands, Malaysia." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 25, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.25.1.1936.

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The cultivation of oil palm on peat swamps in Malaysia has changed the water quality and aquatic ecosystems. We determined the fish species composition and water quality conditions at a disturbed peat swamp, i.e., oil palm plantation, in Kuala Langat peat swamp reserve forest, Selangor. Fishes were collected via gill net in five selected drains during dry and wet seasons between August 2014 and January 2015. In-situ (electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity and temperature) and ex-situ (dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) physicochemical parameters of water quality were measured bimonthly. The length-weight relationship (LWR) of fish related to seasonal and spatial variation was also examined. A total of 336 individuals belonging to five families of fish were found with Trichopodus trichopterus and Anabas testudineus were the two abundant species. The DOC ranges at drainage with established palm trees area (i.e., 15-yo(A) 1stG, 3-yo 2ndG, and 9-yo 2ndG) was much greater than at cleared-felled (CF 2ndG) suggested that these plantation areas have carbon leaching due to high supply of labile leaf litter produced by palm trees. The observed EC and temperature were 5% higher in the dry season compared to the wet season. The A. testudineus showed highly adaption with high DOC levels particularly in 15-yo 1stG, and 9-yo 2ndG drains during the wet season. The LWR showed that A. testudineus was in a desirable growth rate and demonstrated they were doing better compared to T. trichopterus in the oil palm plantation system.

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2

Yong, Ding Li, and Kelvin S. H. Peh. "South-east Asia's forest fires: blazing the policy trail." Oryx 50, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531400088x.

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AbstractTransboundary haze pollution as a result of indiscriminate land clearance by fire has significant health and economic impacts on member states of the Association of South-east Asian Nations (ASEAN). Meanwhile the impact of the associated carbon emissions, ecological disturbance and biodiversity loss extends well beyond South-east Asia. This is despite the fact there are relatively well-established mechanisms to combat forest fires, and policy-level solutions have existed on paper for years. Although the fires are mostly in Indonesian territory, the involvement of multiple hierarchies of stakeholders in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore adds complexity to the quest for lasting solutions. A more robust approach is required from the region's governments, especially in instilling accountability among large companies, and this is feasible without increasing political tensions within ASEAN. Indonesia's ratification of the Haze Agreement is a significant development but needs to be complemented with actions at the local (e.g. grassroot initiatives in forest protection, firefighting, policing of illegal clearance practices), national (e.g. centralizing ministry-level control of forestry resources) and regional levels (e.g. implementing compliance mechanisms and legal standards to tackle haze and forest fires). Ultimately, actions to combat forest fires may also help secure the long-term conservation of biodiversity-rich peat swamps. Rather than being a source of discord, combating haze pollution could become South-east Asia's defining environmental project.

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Davies, Dick, David Hillier, Andrew Marshall, and King Fui Cheah. "Pricing Interest Rate Swaps in Malaysia." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 07, no. 04 (December 2004): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091504000251.

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This paper compares the theoretical price of interest rate swaps implied from the yield curve with the actual Kuala Lumpur Interbank Offer Rates used for swap resets in the Malaysian swap market for both semi-annual and annual interest rate swaps between 1996 and 2002. As far as we are aware no previous paper has considered pricing swaps in a less established derivative markets. Our empirical results indicate significant and persistent differences between the theoretical implied price and the actual reset price for both swaps over the sample period. This finding has implications for traders and banks in pricing swaps in Malaysia and more generally for pricing swaps in less established or illiquid markets or where capital controls have been introduced.

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4

WIJEDASA, LAHIRU S., MATTI A. NIISSALO, VORADOL CHAMCHUMROOM, PACHOK PUUDJAA, THAVEECHOCK JUMRUSCHAY, and PETER C. BOYCE. "Hanguana thailandica (Hanguanaceae): a new peat swamp forest species from Thailand." Phytotaxa 280, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.10.

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A new species of Hanguana (Hanguanaceae), H. thailandica, is described and illustrated from Trang province, Peninsular Thailand. This is the second Hanguana species recorded in Thailand, along with the widespread helophytic H. malayana. The species is morphologically similar to Hanguana exultans and H. nitens found in swamp forests habitats in southern Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. The conservation status of this species is accessed as Endangered according to the IUCN Red List Category and Criteria.

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Mohamed, Khairulmazidah, Yin Hui Leong, Nur Atirah Ghazali, and Mardiana Saaid. "Stratification Properties of Peninsular-Malaysian Peat." Materials Science Forum 1061 (May 26, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o740kq.

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Peat is known for its importance as carbon storage. Peatlands in Malaysia especially forest reserve areas are generally lack of natural resources due to poor soil nutrients. Hence, many of peatlands in Malaysia have been converted to plantations and industrialized area. Peninsular-Malaysian peat properties are less studied in terms of its physical and chemical properties. A total of 38 peat samples from 5 depths (surface, 50cm, 100cm, 150cm and 200cm) from 10 locations around Peninsular-Malaysia were characterized for its physicochemical properties: moisture, organic matter, pH, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, humic acid content and its FTIR properties. Results showed that moisture content ranges from 60.92% to 94.22% and moisture increases with increasing depth. Organic matter percentage was very high, having an average of 95% (range 74-99%) with most samples having organic matter more than 90%. Peninsular Malaysian peat is quite acidic, with pH average of 3.56 owing to its humic and fulvic acid contents. The min % humic acid (HA) is 32.06% and the highest is 62.44%. There is a slight increase in HA content as the depth increases. C:N ratio increasing with depth, indicating very slow decomposition rate. FTIR results indicated the presence of polysaccharides, fat, wax, lipids and lignins content which increases as the depth increases, especially the aromatics such as humic acids and lignins. These distinct characteristics are described to provide a better understanding of the significance of sustaining peat swamp forest for long-term management.

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6

GRISMER, L. LEE, and HAYDEN R. DAVIS. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Bent-toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus Gray) of the Sundaic swamp clade." Zootaxa 4472, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.2.9.

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The Sundaic swamp clade of the genus Cyrtodactylus contains nine species that collectively range through Peninsular Malaysia and its associated land bridge islands, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, and Pulau Natuna Besar. Ancestral range reconstruction analyses using BioGeoBEARS based on an updated molecular phylogeny of the nine Sundaic swamp clade species of Cyrtodactylus demonstrated that this lineage evolved in Peninsular Malaysia, dispersed independently to Sumatra and Pulau Natuna Besar, Indonesia and most likely back into Peninsular Malaysia from Sumatra. This scenario is consistent with climate-driven, cyclical, ephemeral, geographic reconfigurations of Sundaic landmasses from at least the mid-Miocene to present.

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7

Mohd Azmi, Amirul Faiz, Hasliza Abu Hassim, Norhariani Mohd Nor, Hafandi Ahmad, Goh Yong Meng, Punimin Abdullah, Md Zuki Abu Bakar, et al. "Comparative Growth and Economic Performances between Indigenous Swamp and Murrah Crossbred Buffaloes in Malaysia." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040957.

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This study was conducted to compare the growth and economic performances between Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes. The records of 108 Swamp and 276 Murrah crossbred buffaloes born between January 2010 and December 2015 were used in this study. The farm was practicing an extensive grazing system without supplementation from January 2010 to December 2011 (pre-intervention) and a new implementation of supplement in the feeding regime from January 2012 to December 2015 (post-intervention). The birth, weaning, and body weight at three monthly intervals, number of calves born, and mortality rate of calves at different years and during pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. The interventions in 2012 had a positive effect on increasing the number of calves born for both breeds, average birth weight, economic performance, and reduce mortality calf rate. As a result, the birth weight of Murrah crossbred buffaloes was higher (36.63 ± 0.50 kg) than Swamp buffaloes (34.69 ± 0.40 kg) (p < 0.05). The average pre-weaning daily weight gain for Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes was 0.73 and 0.98 kg/day (p < 0.05), while the average post-weaning daily weight gain was 0.39 and 0.44 kg/day, respectively (p < 0.05). The Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes achieved the targeted market weight of 250 kg at 18 and 15 months old, respectively, while the targeted breeding weight of 385 kg was achieved at 30 and 26 months old, respectively. In this farm, on average a total of 64 calves were born yearly, with the ratio number of born calves per number of mated dams recorded higher in Murrah crossbred buffaloes as compared to Swamp buffalo (0.64 vs. 0.37) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the average number of calves born in the post-intervention period (January 2012–December 2015) was significantly higher than in the pre-intervention period (January 2010–December 2011), respectively (Swamp: 23 vs. 8 and Murrah crossbred: 53 vs. 31, respectively) (p < 0.05). Partial budget method was used to estimate the net gain or loss between the two breeds. The average annual revenue was 2304.14 MYR (566.13 USD) for Swamp buffaloes and 4531.50 MYR (1113.39 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. The average annual cost saving was 340.02 MYR (83.54 USD) for Swamp and 215.75 MYR (53.01 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. On the other hand, annual added cost was 84.95 MYR (20.87 USD) for Swamp and 96.76 MYR (23.77 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. Therefore, the annual net benefit was 2559.21 MYR (628.80 USD) for Swamp and 4650.49 MYR (1142.63 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. As a conclusion, this study had shown that the higher average daily weight gain contributes to better cost savings, as shown by the crossbred buffaloes.

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Rajpar, Muhammad Nawaz, and Mohamed Zakaria. "Effects of Water Level Fluctuation on Waterbirds Distribution and Aquatic Vegetation Composition at Natural Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia." ISRN Ecology 2011 (October 15, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/324038.

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The effects of water level fluctuations on waterbirds distribution and aquatic vegetation composition was determined using distance sampling point count method and direct visual observation at Paya Indah Natural Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 2563 waterbird individual of 28 species and 8 families were detected in three habitats, that is, marsh swamp (68.59%), open water body (18.42%), and lotus swamp (12.99%). Porphyrio porphyrio was the most dominant species in marsh swamp (45.39%), and lotus swamp (23.42%), whereas Dendrocygna javanica (42.16%) was the most abundant in open water body. The highest water level for marsh swamp (2.313 m) and lotus swamp (2.249 m) was recorded in January, 2008 and for open water body (2.572 m) in January and April, 2008. In contrast, the lowest water level for marsh swamp (2.048 m) and lotus swamp (1.834 m) was determined in October, 2008 and for open water body (2.398 m) in January, 2009. Pearson test indicates weak linear correlationship between water level and waterbird abundance in lotus swamp habitat (r2=0.120,P>0.05) and in marsh swamp (r2=0.100,P>0.05) and negative linear correlationship (r2=−0.710,P>0.05) in open water body habitat. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated strong correlationship between waterbird abundance and vegetation (73.0%) in open water body, and weaker association (29.8%) in lotus swamp. The results of this study indicate that water level is a major factor that influences the relative abundance and distribution of ducks, swamphen, crakes, herons, jacanas, and moorhens directly and indirectly. In addition, it also effects on the dynamics of aquatic vegetation composition such as, emergent, submerged, and grasses in this wetland reserve.

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9

ISMAIL, MOHD HASMADI, PAKHRIAZAD HASSAN ZAKI, MOHD FADLI AHMAD FUAD, and NOOR JANATUN NAIM JEMALI. "Analysis of importance value index of unlogged and logged peat swamp forest in Nenasi Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia." Bonorowo Wetlands 7, no. 2 (August 20, 2017): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/bonorowo/w070203.

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Ismail MH, Fuad MFA, Zaki PH, Jemali NJN. 2017. Analysis of importance value index of unlogged and logged peat swamp forest in Nenasi Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 74-78. Peat swamp forests are highly significant globally, both for their diverse and threatened species and as a representative of unique wetland ecosystems. Apart from its critical role in providing habitat for wildlife, the tropical peat swamp forest also acts as a gene bank that harbors potentially useful varieties of plant species. The composition of trees of the peat swamp forest in Nenasi Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia were investigated especially in un-logged and logged over forests. The objectives of this study are two folds; (i) to identify and compare the dominant tree species in the two types of forests and (ii) to calculate the importance value index (IVI) of the vegetation in the study areas. Two plots of 50 m by 20 m were established in different forest type. At each site this quadrate was in turned subdivided using a 25 m by 20 m, and 5 m by 5 m, respectively. The results showed that the unlogged peat swamp forest is higher in tree species compared to logged peat swamp forest. There were 10 species distributed among 9 families in the unlogged forest and 7 species in 7 families in the logged forest. The most dominant species identified in unlogged peat swamp forest were Litsea sp., Syzygium sp. and Santiria laevigata. The IVI for these species were 71.21, 51.13 and 42.49. In logged peat swamp forest the dominant species are Shorea platycarpa, followed by Pometia pinnata, and Xylopia fusca. The IVI of these species were 87.38, 52.66 and 47.55, respectively. The study concludes that in the logged peat swamp forests about 40 percent of the tree composition has declined compared to unlogged peat swamp forest.

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10

Lo, Julia. "Ground Water Table Monitoring in North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia." Archives of Agriculture Research and Technology (AART) 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/aart/1029.

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Monitoring of ground water table in North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest was undertaken for 3 years period from December 2013 to December 2016. This is part of the initiative to monitor GWL in a peat swamp forest under different vegetation i.e., logged over forest, degraded open peatland as well as other land use such as smallholder oil palm. The effect of drainage on the GWT is also analyzed. The result showed that GWT fluctuates throughout the year, often correlate with rainfalls. 2014 is the dry year comparatively and it was reflected in the lowest GWT recorded in all transects. Forested area showed highest GWT whereas oil palm smallholder cultivation area had the lowest GWT; relatively higher GWT recorded in degraded open area most likely due to loss of peat surface caused by repeated fire in the past. Drained canals that were located within the peat swamp forest negatively affected the GWT. Overall, GWT recorded in NSPSF show negative value in most of the months except for November and December, a typical result for a peat swamp forest which had been drained.

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11

Nee, Kang, and Lee Pheng Guan. "The avifauna of the North Selangor peat-swamp forest, West Malaysia." Bird Conservation International 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000861.

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SummaryThe North Selangor peat-swamp forest occupies an area of about 75,000 ha and has been extensively logged for timber. Of the six sites surveyed, three were located in regenerating or selectively logged areas and contained a higher proportion of forest-dependent species of birds than the other three, which had been extensively cleared by logging and for agriculture. The presence of the nearby Kuala Selangor Nature Park should not diminish the conservation value of the peat-swamp forest, at least where the avifauna is concerned, as their avifauna complement one another.

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12

Kaatz, Amanda, Jesse L. Grismer, and L. Lee Grismer. "Convergent evolution of karst habitat preference and its ecomorphological correlation in three species of Bent-toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus) from Peninsular Malaysia." Vertebrate Zoology 71 (June 1, 2021): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66871.

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Abstract By studying ecomorophology in the context of phylogeny, researchers can parse out similarity due to common ancestry versus that due to convergence. This is especially true among relatively closely related species where both phylogenetic and environmental constraints may be operating simultaneously. We explored these issues among three karst-associated species from two lineages of Cyrtodactylus—the sworderi group from Peninsular Malaysia and the swamp clade from Peninsular Malaysia and western Indonesia of the agamensis group. A stochastic character mapping analysis using five different habitat preferences corroborated a larger previous analysis in recovering a general habitat preference as an ancestral condition for all habitat preferences and a karst habitat preference in C. guakanthanensis and C. gunungsenyumensis of the sworderi group and C. metropolis of the swamp clade as convergently evolved. Multivariate and univariate analyses of 10 morphometric characters revealed that the ecomorphological similarity between C. guakanthanensis and C. gunungsenyumensis of the sworderi group was also convergent. The ecomorphology of C. metropolis of the swamp clade was intermediate between a karst-adapted ecomorphology and a swamp-generalists ecomorphology. Of the 10 morphometric characters employed in this analysis, only three—head length, head width, and forelimb width—showed any signs of phylogenetic signal. Cyrtodactylus metropolis is hypothesized to be a recently refuged swamp-dwelling species that frequented the Batu Caves environments prior to urbanization of the surrounding swamp habitat to which it is now confined.

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Hyrul Izwan, M. H., P. Ismail, S. Siti Aisah, and H. Tariq Mubarak. "The remaining black jewels ecosystem in southern Peninsular Malaysia: Floristic composition of peat swamp forest in Muar, Johor." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012011.

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Abstract The Ayer Hitam North Forest Reserve (AHNFR) is located in the Muar district of Johor, Malaysia. The total area of AHNFR is stated as 3,797 hectares (ha), and this forest is unique as it has both inland forest and peat swamp forest. Peat swamp forest established on organic soils while the inland forest grows on mineral soils. AHNFR best described as the last remaining ‘black jewel’ ecosystem in the state of Johor as other peat swamp forests has perished. Five transect lines were established within the peat swamp forest areas. Each transect line has five plots where each plot is 0.04 ha in size. All trees with more than 10 cm in diameter at breast height were enumerated to determine the community structure and diversity of trees. 447 individuals tree were enumerated and result indicated that a total of 31 families with 70 species were found in the area assessed. The total tree density for peat swamp forest in AHNFR was estimated at 447 tree ha-1. The top five species with highest density were Syzygium cerinum (33 tree ha-1), Syzygium inophyllum (31 tree ha-1), Palaquium hexandrum (29 tree ha-1), Stemonurus secundiflorus (24 tree ha-1) and Koompassia malaccensis (21 tree ha-1). Total tree basal area at peat swamp forest area of AHNFR was 24.48 m2ha-1. Species with highest basal area was K. malaccensis (3.46 m2ha-1) while the least was Lithocarpus curtisii (0.01 m2ha-1).

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Pesiu, Elizabeth, Gaik Ee Lee, Muhammad Razali Salam, Jamilah Mohd Salim, Kah Hoo Lau, Jean Wan Hong Yong, and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah. "Species Composition, Diversity, and Biomass Estimation in Coastal and Marine Protected Areas of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102380.

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We investigated and compared the tree species composition and diversity of different forest types in Setiu Wetlands and on the three major islands of Terengganu. A total of 24 plots of 25 m × 25 m with four plots in each study site were established, viz. Melaleuca swamp forest in Kampung Fikri, freshwater swamp forest in Kampung Gong Batu, mangrove forest in UMT Setiu research station, and the islands, namely Pulau Bidong, Pulau Redang, and Pulau Perhentian. We calculated the basal area, stand density, Importance Value Index, species diversity, and above-ground biomass in the designated study areas. We assessed 139 tree species from 96 genera and 50 families based on a total of 2608 tree samples of 5 cm DBH and above. The freshwater swamp forest harbored the highest number of species with 20 species in Setiu Wetlands, and among the islands, Pulau Redang had the highest with 56 species. Melaleuca cajuputi was the most dominant species in the Melaleuca swamp forest, while Alstonia spatulata and Rhizophora apiculata are expected in the freshwater swamp and mangrove forest, respectively. Pulau Bidong, Pulau Redang, and Pulau Perhentian are mostly represented by Licania splendens, Shorea glauca, and Vatica sp., respectively. All the dominant species but Licania splendens contributed to the highest amount of above-ground biomass. Our current study indicated that different forest types vary in composition and structure, which may contribute to their unique ecological roles within their specific environment.

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Bezuijen, Mark R., Grahame J. W. Webb, Pandu Hartoyo, and Samedi. "Peat swamp forest and the false gharial Tomistoma schlegelii (Crocodilia, Reptilia) in the Merang River, eastern Sumatra, Indonesia." Oryx 35, no. 4 (October 2001): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00195.x.

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AbstractTomistoma schlegelii is a threatened crocodilian whose current range is restricted to Sumatra, Borneo (Kalimantan and Sarawak) and Peninsular Malaysia. During surveys undertaken in eastern Sumatra in 1995–1996, 15 T. schlegelii nests were located in peat swamp forest along a single tributary, the Merang River. No other areas with equivalent nest densities have yet been described. Although much peat swamp forest has been lost to logging and fire, it remains the dominant habitat in most of the current range of T. schlegelii. In the Merang River the peat swamp and T. schlegelii are threatened by a series of ongoing activities and both may be lost unless some form of innovative management programme is introduced. Peat swamp forest supports a range of other rare and threatened species, and would appear to have high conservation value. This paper reviews current information on the role of peat swamp forest in the ecology of T. schlegelii and describes the conservation threats to T. schlegelii in the Merang River.

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Culver, S. J., E. Leorri, D. R. Corbett, D. J. Mallinson, N. A. M. Shazili, M. N. Mohammad, P. R. Parham, and R. Yaacob. "INFAUNAL MANGROVE SWAMP FORAMINIFERA IN THE SETIU WETLAND, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 43, no. 3 (June 27, 2013): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.43.3.262.

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Imran, Yazid, Lulie Melling, Guan Xhuan Wong, Ryusuke Hatano, Takashi Inoue, Edward Baran Aeries, Kah Joo Goh, and Darrien Yau Seng Mah. "Long term dynamics of surface fluctuation in a peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia." Environmental Research Communications 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 041001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac6295.

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Abstract Tropical peatland is a complex and globally important wetland ecosystem, storing an enormous amount of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon from centuries of organic material accumulation. In this ecosystem, peat swamp forests developed over an ombrogenous peat where hydrology influences its physico-chemical properties, one of which is fluctuation of the peat surface. While several studies of tropical peatland surface fluctuation have been reported, most are based on relatively short measurement periods or focused on drained areas. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the long-term dynamics of peat surface fluctuation from an undrained peat swamp forest in relation to its water table depth. Peat surface level, water table, and rainfall were measured monthly at three experimental sites in a peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia over a period of about 10 years (2011–2020). The sites were different in soil structure and vegetation community; namely mixed peat swamp, Alan Batu, and Alan Bunga forests. Throughout the measurement period the peat surface in all sites exhibited consistent oscillating movement that generally follow the fluctuation of water table, with swelling and subsidence occurring after water table increase following high rainfall and receding water during dry spells respectively. Positive linear relationships were also found between peat surface level and water table (p < 0.05). Both the surface level and water table at all sites fell to their lowest during an intense dry period in 2019. Surface fluctuation at the Alan Batu site was most affected by seasonal changes in water table, which may be due to presence of vacant zones in the peat profile.

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ISAAC STIA MARCELLINUS, SITI NURLYDIA SAZALI, RATNAWATI HAZALI, FARAH NABILLAH ABU HASAN AIDIL FITRI, and AHMAD IRFAN ABDUL RAZAK. "A Preliminary Study on the Beetle Fauna in Peat Swamp Forest of Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4655.2022.

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The largest peatland in Malaysia is in Sarawak with approximately 1.66 million ha (13%) of total area, distributed widely in Sibu division followed by Sri Aman, Miri, Kota Samarahan, Sarikei and Bintulu. Despite being the most diverse animal species, the study of insects in peat swamp forest, particularly beetles, is still in the incipient stage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide recent information on the beetle species composition in a peat swamp forest of Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL) located in Kota Samarahan. Beetles were sampled for five consecutive days and nights within a seven-day sampling trip in August 2020. Three sampling methods were employed in this study, namely handpicking method (HPM), modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT) and pitfall trapping (PFT). A total of 15 families representing 37 species and morphospecies with 185 individuals were successfully collected. The most speciose family from the beetle assemblages in RLL is Scarabaeidae with eight species collected (21.62%), followed by Curculionidae with six species (16.22%) and Staphylinidae with five species (13.51%). The most abundant family was also represented by Scarabaeidae with 64 individuals (34.59%), followed by Scolytidae with 27 individuals (14.59%) and Carabidae with 23 individuals (12.43%), respectively. This suggests that these families are good candidates as biodiversity indicator of peat swamp forests. This study is still in its preliminary stage; hence it is important to conduct further beetle samplings in future to better understand the potential of beetle as a bioindicator in the peat swamp habitat as an effort to conserve and protect the habitat and the biodiversity that came along with it.

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Rajpar, Muhammad Nawaz, and Mohamed Zakaria. "Bird Species Abundance and Their Correlationship with Microclimate and Habitat Variables at Natural Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia." International Journal of Zoology 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/758573.

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Birds are the most conspicuous and significant component of freshwater wetland ecosystem. Presence or absence of birds may indicate the ecological conditions of the wetland area. The objectives of this study were to determine bird species abundance and their relationship with microclimate and habitat variables. Distance sampling point count method was applied for determining species abundance and multiple regressions was used for finding relationship between bird species abundance, microclimate and habitat variables. Bird species were monitored during November, 2007 to January, 2009. A total of 8728 individual birds comprising 89 species and 38 families were detected. Marsh Swamp was swarmed by 84 species (69.8%) followed open water body by 55 species (17.7%) and lotus swamp by 57 species (12.6%). Purple swamphenPorphyrio porphyrio(9.1% of all detections) was the most abundant bird species of marsh swamp, lesser whistling duck—Dendrocygna javanica(2.3%) was dominant species of open water body and pink-necked green pigeon—Treron vernans(1.7%) was most common species of lotus swamp. Results revealed that the habitat characteristics such as vegetation composition (i.e. emergent and submerged vegetations, grasses, shrubs, and trees), vegetation structures (tree diameter and height) and microclimate variables (temperature, relative humidity and light intensity) were the key factors that influenced the distribution, diversity and density of the wetland bird species. This study also revealed that the wetland bird species have adapted a fairly unique set of microhabitat and microclimate conditions.

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Harisah, M., T. I. Azmi, M. Hilmi, M. K. Vidyadaran, T. A. Bongso, Z. M. Nava, V. Momongan, and P. K. Basrur. "Identification of crossbred buffalo genotypes and their chromosome segregation patterns." Genome 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-544.

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Chromosome analysis on different breed types of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) was undertaken to identify their karyotypes and to determine the pattern of chromosome segregation in crossbred water buffaloes. Altogether, 75 purebred and 198 crossbred buffaloes including 118 from Malaysia and 80 from the Philippines, were analyzed in this study. The diploid chromosome number of the swamp buffalo from both countries was 48 and.that of the river buffalo was 50, while all F1 hybrids exhibited 49 chromosomes. The F2 hybrids consisted of three different karyotype categories (2n = 48, 2n = 49, and 2n = 50), whereas the backcrosses included two different karyotype categories each, with 2n = 48 and 2n = 49 in the three quarters swamp types and 2n = 49 and 2n = 50 in the three quarters river types. Chi-square tests on pooled data from Malaysia and the Philippines indicated that the distribution of different karyotype categories of F2 animals did not deviate significantly from the 1:2:1 ratio expected if only balanced gametes with 24 and 25 chromosomes were produced by the F1 hybrids. In the three quarters swamp and three quarters river types, the respective karyotypic categories were in ratios approximating 1:1. The distribution of chromosome categories among the F2 hybrids and backcrosses suggests that only genetically balanced gametes of the F1 hybrids are capable of producing viable F2 and backcross generations.Key words: buffaloes, chromosome segregation, genotype, buffalo hybrids.

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Rahman, Ataur, A. K. M. Mohiuddin, Altab Hossain, and Azmi Yahya. "Hybrid Electrical Air-Cushion Tracked Vehicle for Swamp Peat in Malaysia." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (July 28, 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x00903010063.

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Yule, Catherine M., and Lalita N. Gomez. "Leaf litter decomposition in a tropical peat swamp forest in Peninsular Malaysia." Wetlands Ecology and Management 17, no. 3 (June 22, 2008): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9103-9.

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Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan, and Syaza Jailan Thaqifah. "New records of the Flat-headed Cat Prionailurus planiceps (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in western Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 15238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5105.12.2.15238-15243.

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The Endangered Flat-headed Cat is threatened due to loss of lowland and wetland habitats. Its elusive nature and low density occurrence make field sampling difficult. Compilation of records from both camera trapping and direct observation can provide important updates to its current distribution in Sarawak. In western Sarawak, the Flat-headed Cat was recorded in Maludam National Park, in Ulu Sebuyau National Park and at Sarawak River, which are the first confirmed records. The Flat-headed Cat appears to inhabit swamp forest in pristine protected areas as well as near human settlements. The conservation of peat swamp forests is crucial for its long-term persistence.

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Bennett, Elizabeth L. "Proboscis monkeys and their swamp forests in Sarawak." Oryx 22, no. 2 (April 1988): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027526.

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Proboscis monkeys, endemic to the island of Borneo, are declining in Sarawak. Their mangrove and peat swamp forest habitats are being degraded or destroyed and people continue to hunt them despite their protected status. Surveys between 1984 and 1986 established the status of this monkey and its habitats in this Malaysian state. The author who participated in the surveys, receiving some financial support from the Oryx 100% Fund, discusses the results and makes recommendations for future conservation action.

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Shuhaimi-O, M., A. K. Ahmad, and E. C. Lim. "Metals Concentration in Water and Sediment of Bebar Peat Swampy Forest River, Malaysia." Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 7 (September 15, 2009): 730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2009.730.737.

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Baioumy, Hassan, Chong Jing Ting, Sherif Farouk, and Khaled Al-Kahtany. "Facies architecture of fluviatile deposits of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Bertangga Formation, Peninsular Malaysia." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 298, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0943.

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Bertangga Formation is a part of the Jurassic-Cretaceous non-marine sequences in Thailand and Malaysia. However, its facies analysis and depositional model have not been investigated in detail. Eleven lithofacies have been described in the Bertangga Formation and combined five facies associations including channel, point bar, floodplain, crevasse splay and swamp facies associations. Channel deposits are stacked bodies of fining upward sequences with prevalent erosional bases, formed by vertical aggradation and avulsion of channels. Point bar sands comprise cross bedded sandstone bodies formed in upper flow regime and possible lateral accretion surfaces. Crevasse splay deposits form sheets of fine-to-medium-grained sandstone. Floodplain sediments are composed of motteled grey mudstone. Swamp depositional environment is characterized by an association of coal, carbonaceous shale and siltstone. Facies analysis allows reconstruction of the depositional environment of the Bertangga Formation as a meandering fluvial system. Facies association also shows the increasingly distal and fine-grained trend from west to east of the studied area, which suggests possible eastward paleo-flow direction of the river. The existence of kaolinite in all samples indicates weathering of felsic rocks under acidic conditions. In the same time, the presence of smectite in the eastern part of the study area may suggest a contribution of mafic and/or volcanic rocks to the source of sediments in this area.

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Soh, S. S., M. S. Salisi, M. Zamri-Saad, Y. M. Goh, M. S. Yahaya, and H. S. Zulkafli. "Short Communication: Heritability Estimation of Birth Weight of Swamp Buffalo in Sabah, Malaysia." Journal of Buffalo Science 9 (March 9, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2020.09.04.

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28

Kiew, Frankie, Ryuichi Hirata, Takashi Hirano, Guan Xhuan Wong, Edward Baran Aeries, Kevin Kemudang Musin, Joseph Wenceslaus Waili, Kim San Lo, Mariko Shimizu, and Lulie Melling. "CO 2 balance of a secondary tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 248 (January 2018): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.022.

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Kamaruzzam, B. Y., M. C. Ong, and A. H. Khali. "Mercury Concentration of Four Dominant Species in the Bebar Peat Swampy Forest River, Malaysia." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 15, 2007): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1103.1107.

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30

Hassan, Ruhana, Rambli Ahmad, Muhammad Amirul Arib Md Adzhar, Mohd Izwan Zulaini Abdul Gani, Anuar Ayob, and Ramlah Zainudin. "Notes on the Wild Tomistoma Populations in Western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4357623.

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Tomistoma schlegelii, the Freshwater Malayan Gharial or Tomistoma (local name: buaya jejulong), is secretive in nature; thus, very limited information is currently available on its wild population, especially in Sarawak. The objective of this study is to describe effort in assessing the Tomistoma wild populations in Ulu Sebuyau, Samarahan, and Serian, western Sarawak. Despite many challenges faced, this research has been successful at different levels. There was no Tomistoma seen during day surveys (2014-2015) in tributary of Samarahan River (Samarahan), Bunga-Baki River (Serian), and Kepayang River (Ulu Sebuyau). However, the research team came across two incidents of Tomistoma captured by the local people: (i) an adult male Tomistoma, captured in February 2015 in peat swamp area of Samarahan River tributary, and (ii) a hatchling, caught in Bunga-Baki River in March 2015. The sightings of Tomistoma in Kepayang River were reported by local people in February 2016; however, no individual was captured. The presence of hatchling in Bunga-Baki River indicates that a breeding population is most likely to occur in the area, and this gives hope for future conservation of Tomistoma in Sarawak. All sampling sites recorded almost similar water quality parameters and landscape of peat swamp areas, which previous studies claimed to be the potential Tomistoma habitats. The findings of this study should help relevant state agencies to step up efforts related to conservation of Tomistoma in Sarawak.

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Granados, Alberto E., James W. Avault, Jr., and Stephen W. Cange. "Double-Cropping Malaysian Prawns,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,and Red Swamp Crawfish,Procambarus clarkii." Journal of Applied Aquaculture 1, no. 1 (July 18, 1991): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j028v01n01_06.

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32

Voglmayr, Hermann, and Catherine M. Yule. "Polyancora globosa gen. sp. nov., an aeroaquatic fungus from Malaysian peat swamp forests." Mycological Research 110, no. 10 (October 2006): 1242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2006.07.001.

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33

Liang, J. B., M. Matsumoto, and B. A. Young. "Purine derivative excretion and ruminal microbial yield in Malaysian cattle and swamp buffalo." Animal Feed Science and Technology 47, no. 3-4 (June 1994): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90123-6.

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34

Ruziman, Hasya Hannani, and Faezah Pardi. "Forest Structure and Tree Species Composition at Kuala Langat South Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Malaysia." Science Letters 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v15i2.13836.

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Kuala Langat South Forest Reserve (KLSFR) was the main highlight when Selangor State Agriculture Corporation proposed to acquire the whole of KLSFR (about 6,908 ha) for the establishment of oil palm plantations. Many parties expressed their concern and opposed the plan as it would lead to the destruction of the forest and its biodiversity. As such, this study was aimed to determine the forest structure and tree species composition to conserve and sustainably manage the forest. Seven plots of 40 m x 20 m covering 0.56 ha were established randomly in KLSFR. All trees with 5 cm diameter breast height (DBH) and above were tagged, measured and identified. Voucher specimens were then taken for further verification purposes. The floristic composition of KLSFR consists of 335 individuals represented by 47 tree species from 21 families. Annonaceae, Guttiferaceae and Myrsticaceae were the most speciose families with five species recorded for each family. Goniothalamus malayanus and Koompassia malaccensis were considered to have absolute dominance at the study site with Important Value index of 14.73 % and 14.19 %, respectively. KLSFR recorded low Shannon-Weiner Diversity index of H’ = 2.85 (H’max = 3.81) and Margalef’s Richness Index with DMG = 7.91. Evenness (E) index of 0.75 portrayed that the tree species are almost equally abundant in the study area. Total trees biomass was estimated at 406.90 t/ha, represented by 349.61 t/ha of above ground biomass (AGB) and 57.29 t/ha of below ground biomass (BGB). The study indicated that KLSFR has uniform distribution of individuals with mixed species composition of trees. Tree distribution showed the pattern of De iocourt’s factor procedure (inverse J distribution) where number of tree decreases with the increase in diameter, representing the natural regeneration of the forest.

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Ulok, Gerald, Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin, Rusea Go, and Paridah Md Tahir. "Leaves Calorific Values of Selected Species in Burnt Tropical Peat Swamp Forest in Selangor, Malaysia." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2016.63.67.

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36

Budiawan Tjandrasa, Benny, Hotlan Siagian, and Ferry Jie. "The macroeconomic factors affecting government bond yield in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(3).2020.09.

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The government bond (GB) has become the most attractive investment portfolio option, even though many macroeconomic factors affect the bond yield. This paper aims to investigate the determining factor of local currency government bond yield by considering the inflation rate, credit default swap, stock market index, exchange rate, and volatility index. This study used 240 data panel from the Bloomberg stock market in the form of data panel covering Southeast developing countries, namely Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines, for five years or sixty months from January 2015 to December 2019. Data analysis used recursive models and multivariate regression techniques using EViews software. The random effect model results revealed that change in the foreign exchange rate and volatility indexes affected, partially and simultaneously, the changes in the stock market index. The result also showed that changes in the stock market index, inflation rate, and credit default swap affected, partially and simultaneously, government bond yield changes. These results suggest that the government bond yield could be managed by controlling volatility index, foreign exchange rate, stock market index, inflation rates, and credit default swaps. This finding could provide an insight into the policymaker and fiscal authority on managing the risk of government bonds under control during high volatility or even making it reasonably lower. This result could contribute to the current research in the field of financial management. Acknowledgment It is the author’s pleasure to thank Muhammad Aulia SE MSc CSA® from the Ministry of Finance of Republic Indonesia, for his invaluable contribution to encourage this study and also to share the data required for this paper. He also delivers essential insights into improving the quality of this work. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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37

Zainudin, Ramlah. "ASSEMBLAGES OF FROGS SPECIES AT BALAMBANGAN ISLAND, SABAH, MALAYSIA." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.265.2011.

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Borneo is well known as a hotspot for biodiversity, yet species assemblages at smaller islands in the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, are not well documented. The survey of frogs in Balambangan Island, which is situated at the west coast of Sabah, was the first attempt to look at the occurrence of frogs at smaller islands in the state. Sampling of frogs was conducted at the coastal areas of Kampung Selamat and limestone forest for four nights sampling period. Visual encounter survey and transect line were used to sample the frogs which were captured by hand. A total of seven species of 32 individuals were captured. This was only about 8% of the total species that occurs on the mainland Sabah. The island was dominated by the ranids (65%), rhacophoridae (22%) and microhylids (13%). Bufonids and megophryids were absent. The Mangrove frog, Fejervarya cancrivora (9 individuals) and the Lesser swamp frog, Limnonectes paramacrodon (8 individuals) were dominant on this island. No new species and endemism were noted on this island. The results from this preliminary study did not support the initial belief that the island contains high levels of endemism. On the contrary, the results appear to imply recent isolation from the Sabah mainland. Thus, a more detailed study including genetic diversity should be conducted to cover more areas on the main island and other smaller islands surrounding the Borneo Island and to obtain overall picture of biogeography of the frog species.

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38

Pang, S. Y., S. Suratman, J. H. Tay, and N. Mohd Tahir. "Investigation of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments of Brunei Bay, East Malaysia." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 2 (2021): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23033.

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The surface distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated from coastal sediments of Brunei Bay, southern South China Sea. The concentrations of total n-alkane (TNA) and 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 0.67 to 9.88 μg/g and 4.72 to 102 ng/g, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) clustered the hydrocarbons in surface sediments according to their relationship and geographical locations, anticipated to the inputs and activities in proximity. Biomarker diagnostic ratios revealed that biogenic n-alkane inputs in the coastal sediments are exported from the fluviomarine and mangrove swamp environment, while the PAHs inputs are derived from mixed petrogenic and petroleum combustion residues. Overall, the level of PAHs in the study area is between low to moderate, based on the comparison with other areas worldwide.

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39

Ainuddin, N. A., and K. Goh. "Effect of Forest Fire on Stand Structure in Raja Musa Peat Swamp Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (December 15, 2009): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2010.56.62.

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40

N. et al., Hussin-Jasmin. "Provisional Checklists on Blackwater Fish from the Peat Swamp in Terengganu, West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 25, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2021.210853.

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41

Charters, Lewis J., Paul Aplin, Christopher G. Marston, Rory Padfield, Nagarajan Rengasamy, Mohd Puat Bin Dahalan, and Stephanie Evers. "Peat swamp forest conservation withstands pervasive land conversion to oil palm plantation in North Selangor, Malaysia." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 19 (February 6, 2019): 7409–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1574996.

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42

CHANG, M. S., N. JUTE, and J. LAH. "Breeding-site productivity of the swamp forest mosquitoes Mansonia bonneae and Ma.dives in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1988.tb00045.x.

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43

Wells, Alice, and Catherine M. Yule. "The caddisflies (Trichoptera) from a tropical peat swamp in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, including two new species." Aquatic Insects 30, no. 1 (March 2008): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420701687163.

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44

Nath, Tapan Kumar, Mohd Puat Bin Dahalan, Faizal Parish, and Nagarajan Rengasamy. "Local Peoples’ Appreciation on and Contribution to Conservation of Peatland Swamp Forests: Experience from Peninsular Malaysia." Wetlands 37, no. 6 (August 23, 2017): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-017-0941-1.

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45

Ang, Mei Choo, Kok Weng Ng, Siti Azfanizam Ahmad, and Amelia Natasya Abdul Wahab. "Using TRIZ to Generate Ideas to Solve the Problem of the Shortage of ICT Workers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.733.

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With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets from smartphones to head-mounted display eyewear like “Google Glass”, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the key factors to engineering and technological advancement and the bridge to the future. In view of such significant importance, the government of Malaysia has been embarking on national policies to prioritise the education and the programmes on ICT to train and produce highly skilled ICT workers to achieve the nation’s ambition to become a developed country. Despite the government efforts, studies have shown that Malaysia is still currently facing shortage of skilled ICT workers. In view of this shortage of skilled ICT worker problem, a systematic engineering problem solving theory known as TRIZ is applied to generate ideas and potential solutions to solve this problem in this research.

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46

Hunt, C. O., and G. Rushworth. "Cultivation and human Impact at 6000 cal yr B.P. in Tropical Lowland Forest at Niah, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo." Quaternary Research 64, no. 3 (November 2005): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.010.

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AbstractThis paper describes palynological evidence for what appears to be comparatively large-scale human impact in the catchment of the Sungai Niah in the wet tropical lowland swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo close to the Great Cave of Niah. Pollen associated with cleared landscapes and rice cultivation is evident in the sedimentary record from before 6000 cal yr B.P. Human activity seems to have been associated with changes in sedimentary regime, with peat-dominated environments being replaced diachronously by clay-dominated deposition. This may reflect anthropogenic soil erosion in the catchment of the Sungai Niah.

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47

DOW, RORY A., and ROBIN W. J. NGIAM. "A new species of Podolestes Selys, 1862 from peat swamp forest in Sarawak (Odonata: Zygoptera: Argiolestidae)." Zootaxa 4586, no. 3 (April 18, 2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.3.7.

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Podolestes parvus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from both sexes from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (holotype male Maludam National Park, Betong Division, Sarawak, 10 vii 2012, deposited in RMNH). The new species is closest to P. atomarius Lieftinck, 1950 and is the smallest species yet known in its genus. A full set illustrations of P. atomarius is provided for comparison. [Species Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE7ABAB0-8683-4D25-8A2C-76977931FD87]

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48

Abdulkarim, Buhari, Mohd Rusli Yacob, Ahmad Makmom Abdullah, and Alias Radam. "Households Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Watershed Services Attributes in North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Malaysia." Asian Journal of Economic Modelling 5, no. 1 (2017): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.8/2017.5.1/8.1.98.109.

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49

Aliu Sule, Hussein, Ahmad Ismail, Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Mohd Fauzul Aidil Mohd Roseli, and Shamarina Shohaimi. "Water Quality Influences Fish Occurrence in Peat Swamp Forest and Its Converted Areas in North Selangor, Malaysia." Sains Malaysiana 47, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 2589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-01.

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50

Adila, Nurfatin, Selvadurai Sasidhran, Norizah Kamarudin, Chong Leong Puan, Badrul Azhar, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Effects of peat swamp logging and agricultural expansion on species richness of native mammals in Peninsular Malaysia." Basic and Applied Ecology 22 (August 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2017.04.002.

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