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Journal articles on the topic 'Swamp ecology – New South Wales'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Briggs, SV, JG Brickhill, RT Kingsford, and PF Hodgson. "Ducks, hunters and rainfall at two sites in southern inland New South Wales." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930759.

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Duck hunters have been surveyed on the opening morning of duck seasons since 1972 at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp in southern inland New South Wales. Mean numbers of ducks shot per hunter on opening morning reflected the numbers of ducks at the sites two to three weeks previously. At Barrenbox Swamp, but not at Lake Cowal, mean bag sizes were inversely related to recent local rainfall. Mean bag sizes on opening morning at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp did not diminish following reduction of the opening-day bag limit from 20 to 10 ducks per day in 1988. Generally, numbers of ducks and mean bag sizes at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp have not declined or increased since 1972 (exceptions are increased numbers but decreased bag sizes of Pacific black duck at Barrenbox Swamp, and increased bag sizes of maned duck at Lake Cowal). At neither hunting site were numbers of ducks related to mean bag sizes in the previous year. In summary, hunting does not appear to be adversely affecting numbers of major species of game ducks at either Lake Cowal or Barrenbox Swamp.

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2

Hollis, CJ, CJ Hollis, JD Robertshaw, JD Robertshaw, RH Harden, and RH Harden. "Ecology of the Swamp Wallaby (Wallabia-Bicolor) in Northeastern New-South-Wales .1. Diet." Wildlife Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860355.

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The diet of the swamp wallaby Wallabia bicolor was determined by identifying plant fragments from the forestomachs of animals collected at two sites (Diamond Flat and the Styx River State Forest) in forests on the edge of the eastern escarpment of the Great Dividing Range in north-eastern New South Wales. Seventy-seven and 72 genera of plants were recorded in the diets at the two sites respectively. The dietary items were grouped into six categories, the overall occurrence of which ranged frcm forbs (26%), ferns (19%), shrubs (19%), grasses, sedges and rushes (17%) and fungi (15%) to vines (3%). There were broad similarities in the diets of the animals from both sites, though there were some seasonal differences both within and between sites, the most marked being an increase in grasses, sedges and rushes and a decrease in fungi in spring. It is suggested that fungi may be an important source of nitrogen during the other seasons. The wide array of plant species eaten by the swamp wallaby indicates that it is a generalist rather than specialist feeder, and more of a browser than the larger macropodids.

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3

de Jong, N. H. "Woody plant restoration and natural regeneration in wet meadow at Coomonderry Swamp on the south coast of New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99037.

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This study investigated planting techniques and natural regeneration of indigenous woody species within degraded wet meadow wetland at Coomonderry Swamp. Planting tubestock directly into existing vegetation was practical and cost-effective. Clearing of plots allowed infiltration of weeds, early growth of tubestock was inhibited, acid sulfate soils were exposed, and open inundated plots were choked by algae. After four years, Melaleuca ericifolia and Melaleuca linariifolia showed good survivorship at upper and lower elevations. Eucalyptus robusta and Casuarina glauca were more successful at upper elevations, and Leptospermum juniperinum did not succeed at either elevation. These results corresponded to patterns of regeneration and to distributions within undisturbed stands. Despite the evidence of natural regeneration, direct seeding was not successful at the experimental site. Given that poor dispersal was indicated at Coomonderry Swamp, it is unlikely that isolated wetlands in the region could rely solely on seed dispersal for woody revegetation. Even where regeneration can occur naturally, some planting or culling might be required if the desired outcome is a species mix comparable to that observed on undisturbed margins.

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4

Vernes, K., and T. Cooper. "Association of parma wallabies (Macropus parma) with sedge swamps in Gibraltar Range National Park." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 1 (2007): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07016.

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Parma wallabies (Macropus parma) have a patchy distribution on the coast and ranges of central and northern New South Wales from Goulburn northward to the Queensland border. In Gibraltar Range National Park they are found in dry sclerophyll forest with a heath understorey, a departure from their apparent preference for wet forest types. Distance to swamp was by far the best correlate of M. parma distribution.

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5

Robertshaw, JD, and RH Harden. "The Ecology of the Dingo in Northeastern New-South-Wales .4. Prey Selection by Dingoes, and Its Effect on the Major Prey Species, the Swamp Wallaby, Wallabia-Bicolor (Desmarest)." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860141.

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Prey selection and its effect on the major prey species was examined between 1979 and 1980 by comparing the diet of dingoes and the biology of the swamp wallaby at two sites where the relative numbers of dingoes and wallabies differed. Selection of prey by dingoes was not opportunistic but demonstrated a preference for larger native species, and was similar to that found in the same area between 1972 and 1974. In particular, dingoes had a strong preference for swamp wallaby, the occurrence of which in the diet was disproportionate to its observed numbers; and switching was not observed even when numbers of swamp wallaby were reduced and alternative macropod prey present. Contrary to Optimal Foraging Theory predictions that the predator should become more catholic in prey selection, this species was more frequent in the diet when its availability was lower. At one site the major effect of this predation was the disruption of the breeding cycle, as a result of the loss of large pouch young because of the harassment of their mothers.

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6

Glen, A. S., A. R. Fay, and C. R. Dickman. "Diets of sympatric red foxes Vulpes vulpes and wild dogs Canis lupus in the Northern Rivers Region, New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06013.

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In the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales the diets of sympatric foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and dogs (Canis lupus) were determined from analysis of oportunitically collected scats. Mammalian prey dominated the diet of both species but foxes had a more diverse diet than dogs. The red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) had the highest occurrence in both predators. the northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) was the second most common prey of the fox but did not occur in dog scats. Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) was more common in dog scats than fox scats.

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7

Chessman, BC. "Habitat Preferences of Fresh-Water Turtles in the Murray Valley, Victoria and New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880485.

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Preferences of Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis and Emydura macquarii (Testudines : Chelidae) for different types of aquatic habitat on the Murray River flood plain in south-eastern Australia were inferred from catch statistics. E. macquarii was the species most often caught in the river itself and river backwaters, whereas C. longicollis formed the majority of captures from oxbow lakes, anabranches, ponds, rain pools and a swamp. Relative abundance of E. macquarii was significantly positively correlated with water body depth, transparency, persistence during dry conditions and flow speed, and negatively correlated with remoteness from the river. C. longicollis demonstrated the opposite pattern, and the proportional catch of C. expansa was weakly correlated with environmental variables. The capacity of C. longicollis for colonising and surviving in small, remote and ephemeral ponds and pools relates to its ability to aestivate and resist desiccation and its propensity for overland migration.

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8

Dodson, JR. "Holocene Vegetation and Environments Near Goulburn, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860231.

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Three sites from Breadalbane Basin and one from Wet Lagoon near Goulburn were studied to provide a history of vegetation, fire and lake levels in the region. Stratigraphy, a percentage pollen diagram from each site, an influx diagram from two sites and 29 radiocarbon analyses provided the basic data and chronology of the study. The sedimentary history shows that Breadalbane Basin has undergone several cycles of lake phases with sediment accumulation and dry phases with deflation of the lake sediments. The present lake clays and silts of Breadalbane Basin and Wet Lagoon are all Holocene in age. A lake began forming in Breadalbane Basin before 9300 B.P. and probably reached its greatest extent between 7400 and 2700 B.P. At Wet Lagoon water stands were in evidence from 5000 B.P. Over the last 2000 years the sites have dried out and are ephemeral swamps but their water level histories are not necessarily synchronous. A comparison of the records shows that the vegetation of the region has been open eucalypt woodland with understorey dominated by grasses and herbaceous taxa. The most dramatic change was woodland clearance after the arrival of European settlers. The spread of pollen and charcoal collection sites, however, emphasizes a number of local differences in the vegetation of the region. Casuarina, for example, expanded during the mid Holocene along the escarpment on the western side of Breadalbane Basin. The charcoal input curves show fire was a frequent occurrence in the region but the vegetation was apparently resilient to its effects until European settlers used it as a tool in woodland clearance.

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9

McCormack, Robert. "The eastern swamp crayfish Gramastacus lacus sp. n. (Decapoda, Parastacidae) a new species of freshwater crayfish from coastal New South Wales, Australia." ZooKeys 398 (April 4, 2014): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.7544.

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10

Claridge, Andrew W., Douglas J. Mills, and Simon C. Barry. "Prevalence of threatened native species in canid scats from coastal and near-coastal landscapes in south-eastern Australia." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09038.

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Predator scat analysis was used to infer the potential impact of wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo, C. l. familiaris and hybrids of the two) on threatened native terrestrial mammals in coastal and near-coastal southern New South Wales, Australia. Prey items recorded in wild dog scats were compared with those occurring in scats of the red fox collected at the same study sites. Six threatened mammal species were recorded in either wild dog or fox scats: eastern pygmy possum, grey-headed flying fox, long-nosed potoroo, southern brown bandicoot, white-footed dunnart and yellow-bellied glider. The prevalence of these threatened species in fox scats was significantly higher than in wild dog scats. Otherwise, wild dogs mostly consumed larger prey items such as swamp wallabies and wombats whereas foxes more heavily preyed on small mammals such as antechinus and rats. Our results suggest that foxes are the major threat to threatened mammal species in the study region. Land management agencies in south-eastern mainland Australia should therefore focus on controlling foxes for biodiversity gain.

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11

Lunney, D., and M. Oconnell. "Habitat Selection by the Swamp Wallaby, Wallabia-Bicolor, the Red-Necked Wallaby, Macropus-Rufogriseus, and the Common Wombat, Vombatus-Ursinus, in Logged, Burnt Forest Near Bega, New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 6 (1988): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880695.

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This study examined the habitat selected by the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, the red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus, and the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus. The habitats were unlogged forest and three age classes of logged forest at 16 weeks and 72 weeks after a fire in November 1980 in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast ofNew South Wales. Habitat selection was determined from decay-corrected dung counts. The dung count for each species varied with the topography and age class of the forest, demonstrating that logging and fire had a marked effect on the habitat selected. The ridges logged during the woodchip-sawlog operation in 1979 and 1980 had little dung, indicating low use as feeding areas. Since these habitats were the most exposed, the conclusion drawn was that they were rarely used by the herbivores. However, ridges logged 10-15 years earlier supported all species because they provided both food and refuge shelter. Recommendations for management of forests subject to logging and fire include the retention of unlogged gully forest and spreading operations through both space and time to minimise population fluctuations.

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12

Lunney, D., B. Law, and C. Rummery. "Contrast between the visible abundance of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata, and its rarity in fox and dog scats in the gorges east of Armidale, New South Wales." Wildlife Research 23, no. 3 (1996): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960373.

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Predator scats were collected near colonies of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata, in gorges near Armidale, New South Wales. Scat collection coincided with the two periods when these macropodids are believed to be most vulnerable to predation: when juveniles vacate the pouch (September) and when they disperse from natal home ranges (April). The ratio of known dingo to fox scats did not differ significantly from 1 : 1 for each collection period. The most common dietary items identified in the scat analysis were as follows: rabbits (in 30% of scats); swamp wallabies (21%); cattle (16%); and brushtail possums (10%). Despite a visible abundance of P. penicillata in the study area, it occurred rarely (1%) in the 342 canid scats collected, and no P. penicillata was detected in fox scats. While the collection and analysis of predator scats does detect P. penicillata, it does not provide an efficient means of doing so and is unlikely to be effective at detecting small populations of this species.

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13

Lewis, B. D., and R. L. Goldingay. "Population monitoring of the vulnerable wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis) in north-eastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 3 (2005): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo03063.

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The literature on the population ecology of Australian frogs provides relatively few accounts of population monitoring. This has hampered our ability to understand how frog populations respond to dynamic rainfall patterns and to determine the stability of populations of threatened frog species. We conducted biannual monitoring of the wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis) along transects at 10 sites over a 4-year period (1996–2000). We recorded six environmental parameters to assess their influence on our population indices. Monitoring of transects indicated that populations were rarely stable and fluctuated from year to year. Counts of adults were negatively influenced by rain during the previous day but positively influenced by rain during the previous week. This suggests that timing of recent rainfall has a differing influence on habitat use by adult frogs. Counts of adults were also significantly influenced by site and census period. Numbers of juveniles were influenced by rain during the previous three months, which may suggest that successful recruitment depends on higher water levels in the sedge swamps. Counts of juveniles were also significantly influenced by census period. Our analysis reveals that, after controlling for the influence of rainfall, the number of adult frogs per census varied between 10 and 20 per transect. The number of juveniles varied between 5 and 15 per transect per census. We conclude that the wallum sedge frog across the geographic range of our sites was not in decline during our monitoring period. In light of our findings we provide a review on population monitoring of Australian frogs.

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14

Underwood, A. J., and G. Barrett. "Experiments on the influence of oysters on the distribution, abundance and sizes of the gastropod Bembicium auratum in a mangrove swamp in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 137, no. 1 (May 1990): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90058-k.

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15

Phillips, Stephen, John Callaghan, and Valerie Thompson. "The tree species preferences of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) inhabiting forest and woodland communities on Quaternary deposits in the Port Stephens area, New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98054.

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An assessment of the tree species preferences of koalas inhabiting forest and woodland communities growing on Quaternary deposits in the Port Stephens area, New South Wales, was undertaken between November 1994 and March 1996. Using a plot-based methodology, 3847 trees were sampled, comprising 15 Eucalyptus species and 17 species of non-eucalypt. Evidence of tree use by koalas, specifically the presence of koala faecal pellets, was recorded from beneath 10 Eucalyptus species and 9 species of non-eucalypt. Tree species preferences were determined by analyses of log- likelihood ratios derived from data based on the presence/absence of koala faecal pellets, rather than on gross counts. This approach confirmed significant variation in the levels of utilisation amongst and between different tree species, and that two in particular – swamp mahogany (E. robusta) and drooping red gum (E. parramattensis) – were most preferred. Increases in the levels of use of other tree species were also positively associated with the presence of E. robusta and/or E. parramattensis. Levels of utilisation of E. robusta and E. parramattensis did not alter significantly in response to changes in their respective densities, suggesting that the relative abundance of both was important in terms of understanding the carrying capacity of vegetation communities utilised by koalas. The results have established the success with which an enumerative approach to the interpretation of faecal pellet data can be utilised to clarify the tree species preferences of koalas. Application of the approach for habitat assessment and mapping purposes is also discussed.

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16

Scott, L. K., I. D. Hume, and C. R. Dickman. "Ecology and population biology of long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta) at North Head, Sydney Harbour National Park." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98074.

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The population biology, habitat utilisation and diet of a small, isolated population of long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta) was studied over a 22-month period at North Head in Sydney Harbour National Park, New South Wales. Reproductive output in this urban environment was high, with a mean litter size of 2.3 and production of up to four litters per year. The peak of reproductive activity was in late spring and early summer, with a cessation of breeding in late autumn or early winter. The main causes of death were identified as road trauma (58% – probably an overestimate because of the ease of finding road deaths) and predation by cats and foxes (37% – probably an underestimate because of the difficulty of locating carcasses unless radio-collared). Bandicoots utilised all macrohabitats (open grassed areas, heath, forest, swamp and scrub), but extensively used open grassed areas for foraging. Males had larger home ranges (4.4 ± 0.8 ha) than females (1.7 ± 0.2 ha). The largest home ranges of males coincided with the peak of the breeding season (September–November). Throughout the year P. nasuta fed primarily on beetles, invertebrate larvae and ants, but also on other invertebrates and on plant and fungal material. Some vertebrate and human- derived material (birdseed, vegetable scraps, plastic, twine) was also eaten. Although remarkably adaptable in its reproductive and dietary strategies, this population of long-nosed bandicoots is likely to follow other urban bandicoot populations toward extinction unless there is active management to reduce the high rate of mortality from motor vehicles and introduced predators.

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17

Webb, Cameron Ewart, Raffaele Catanzariti, and Steven Hodosi. "Response of Mosquitoes Associated with Estuarine Wetlands to Bushfire in Australia." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6972.1.

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ABSTRACT The response of mosquitoes to bushfire is poorly understood. During the 2019–20 summer, many regions of Australia were impacted by devastating bushfires. An area of estuarine and brackish-water wetlands alongside the Georges River, Sydney, New South Wales, was burned in January 2020. Mosquito populations within the area were monitored as part of the local authority's mosquito management program, providing a unique opportunity to record the response of key mosquitoes of pest and public health concern to bushfire. Ground pools within a tidally influenced swamp oak forest dominated by Casuarina glauca and associated wetlands dominated by Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus spp. had been identified as suitable habitat for a range of mosquitoes, including Aedes alternans, Ae. vigilax, and Verrallina funerea. Surveys of immature stages of mosquitoes within recently burned habitats inundated by tides demonstrated that mosquito eggs survived the direct and indirect impacts of fire and immature stages successfully completed development as reflected in concomitant changes in adult mosquito populations following the bushfire. This unique observation has implications for mosquito management following bushfire in Australia and internationally.

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18

Lunney, D., A. Matthews, and B. Triggs. "Long-term changes in the mammal fauna of logged, coastal forests near Bega, New South Wales, detected by analysis of dog and fox scats." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01101.

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In 1996, a study was undertaken to identify the mammals in Mumbulla State Forest near Bega on the south coast of New South Wales through the collection of dog and fox scats in the area. A total of 1121 scats was collected. The objective was to assess the changes in mammal fauna since 1981 when the first detailed analysis of predator scats was made after the forest was first logged for woodchips and sawlogs under the Eden woodchip agreement. The most notable change between the two surveys was a decrease in the canid diet of large mammals such as swamp wallaby and red-necked wallaby and the rabbit, and an increase of smaller mammals such as bush rat, long-nosed potoroo, common ringtail possum and dusky antechinus. The regrowth of the forest following logging, particularly of the understorey, increased available habitat for some species, such as the long-nosed potoroo. The shift to the smaller species was most pronounced in the diet of foxes. The decrease of rabbit in the canid diet was consistent with its relative abundance on adjacent farmland. The extensive 1996 scat collection also provided an opportunity to examine predator movements. Non-poisoned baits containing coloured markers were placed along the forest roads to determine how far dogs and foxes range between feeding and defecation. Of the marked scats collected in the forest, 67 % were found within 2 km and 94 % were found within 5 km of the bait station. These data will assist future researchers to find the locations of target species by narrowing the potential area to be searched. The primary finding of this study, namely that the mammal composition of the forest changed markedly between the two surveys, highlights the need to sample a forest through time to reveal the forest?s full ecological picture. It can be predicted that the mammal fauna composition will change again following the next logging cycle.

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19

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. D. Incoll, R. B. Cunningham, M. L. Pope, C. F. Donnelly, C. I. MacGregor, C. Tribolet, and B. E. Triggs. "Comparison of hairtube types for the detection of mammals." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99009.

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We compare detection rates of different species of mammals by three types of hairtubes in both the mountain ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria and a range of wet forest types at Tumut in southern New South Wales. The types of hairtubes were a small-diameter PVC pipe, a large-diameter PVC pipe and a newly constructed tapered hair funnel. Data were analysed for brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and common and mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula and T. caninus). The most effective hairtube type (i.e. the one yielding the highest number of detections) varied between species: small hairtubes forR. fuscipes, hair funnels for Trichosurus spp., and large hairtubes for V. ursinus and W. bicolor. For A. stuartii, the most effective hairtube type differed between the two study regions (hair funnels in Victoria and small hairtubes at Tumut). Detection by more than one hairtube type at a given plot was uncommon. Our findings have important implications for field surveys and how data gathered from such studies are interpreted. For example, if the aim of field survey is to detect a wide range of species then several types of hairtubes may need to be deployed.

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20

Zewe, Frances, Paul Meek, Hugh Ford, and Karl Vernes. "A vertical bait station for black rats (Rattus rattus) that reduces bait take by a sympatric native rodent." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13010.

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Novel bait stations can be used as a targeted method of delivering bait by exploiting behavioural traits of the target species. On Muttonbird Island, New South Wales, the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been baited to aid the conservation of the island’s wedge-tailed shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) colony, which may result in poisoning of the sympatric swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus). We aimed to design a bait station that R. rattus could reach, but that R. lutreolus could not. We found that 11 (92%) of 12 captive R. rattus reached the bait chambers by climbing a 50-cm vertical pipe, whereas only four (18%) of 22 R. lutreolus reached these bait stations. In a field trial on Muttonbird Island R. rattus entered the bait chamber on an average of 5.3 events per night of vertical bait station deployment, but R. lutreolus did not enter the stations. In a field trial on the mainland at a site with a high density of R. lutreolus, this species was detected in one vertical bait station five times, equating to an average of 0.017 events per night of vertical bait station deployment. We conclude that R. rattus readily climbs a 50-cm pipe to enter the bait station, whereas R. lutreolus rarely or never does on Muttonbird Island or at the mainland site.

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21

Monamy, V. "Sexual Differences in Habitat Use by Rattus lutreolus (Rodentia: Muridae): The Emergence of Patterns in Native Rodent Community Structure." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 1 (1998): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97043.

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The successful long-term conservation of Australian fauna relies on a clear understanding of how coexisting species partition limited resources. Such partitioning results in complex levels of habitat selection, dependent on dynamic interactions between biotic and abiotic processes. In small mammal communities where native Rattus spp. are present and there are substantial interspecific competitive effects, habitat selection by female Rattus may drive habitat use by other rodent species (particularly native mice). This has been demonstrated in Tasmania where the velvet-furred rat, R. lutreolus velutinus, and the long-tailed mouse, Pseudomys higginsi, occupy wet sclerophyll forest in sympatry. Differential habitat use is exhibited by male and female R. l. velutinus which may determine the extent of habitat use by P. higginsi. Here, I report a similar pattern of coexistence between the swamp rat, R. l. lutreolus, and the eastern chestnut mouse, P. gracilicaudatus, in coastal heathland in New South Wales. As in the Tasmanian model, female R. l. lutreolus were significantly more likely to be trapped in areas of densest vegetation, and male R. l. lutreolus and both sexes of P. gracilicaudatus were more often trapped in areas where cover was less dense. This finding introduces the possibility that there exists a clear and possibly widespread mechanism of coexistence that involves intersexual differences in habitat use by the dominant species in communities where substantive interspecific competition has been demonstrated.

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22

Dawkins, Kathryn L., James M. Furse, Clyde H. Wild, and Jane M. Hughes. "Distribution and population genetics of the threatened freshwater crayfish genus Tenuibranchiurus (Decapoda:Parastacidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 9 (2010): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09294.

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Very high rates of extinction are recorded in freshwater ecosystems, with coastally distributed species threatened by urban development, pollution and climate change. One example, the world’s second smallest freshwater crayfish (genus Tenuibranchiurus), inhabits coastal swamps in central-eastern Australia. Although only one species is described (Tenuibranchiurus glypticus), it was expected that populations isolated through habitat fragmentation would be highly divergent. The aims of this study were to determine if populations of Tenuibranchiurus are genetically distinct, and if ancient divergence, as indicated in other species in the region, was evident. Tenuibranchiurus were collected at seven sites, extending the known geographical distribution ∼260 km south to Wooli, New South Wales. Analysis of two mitochondrial DNA gene regions indicated two highly divergent clades, with numerous additional subclades. Both clades and subclades were strongly congruent with geographical location, and were estimated to have diverged from each other during the Miocene or Pliocene era. Little sharing of haplotypes between subpopulations was evident, indicating negligible gene flow, and genetic differentiation between subclades possibly indicates distinct species. The coastal distribution of Tenuibranchiurus, severe habitat fragmentation and clear differences between subclades suggest that they should be recognised as evolutionarily significant units, and be treated as such if conservation and management initiatives are warranted.

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23

Dexter, Nick. "The influence of pasture distribution, temperature and sex on home-range size of feral pigs in a semi-arid environment." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98075.

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In this study the home-range sizes of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) at Nocoleche Nature Reserve, semi-arid New South Wales were measured by radio-telemetry over the course of a drought. The abundance of food was indexed simultaneously by the amount of pasture in the four most common habitats at Nocoleche (shrubland, woodland, riverine woodland, and ephemeral swamps). The influence of the pig's sex, and mean maximum temperature and pasture biomass on the home-range size of pigs were examined using ANOVA and multiple regression, respectively. Mean home-range size of males was 7.9–11.6 km2 and that for females was 4.2–8.0 km2 . Males had significantly larger home ranges than females, and their home-range size did not change significantly over the course of the drought. In contrast, the size of the home ranges of females changed significantly and was correlated negatively with the abundance of pasture biomass in shrublands and mean maximum temperature, and positively with the abundance of pasture biomass in ephemeral swamps. The conclusion from this study is that males maintained a large, unvarying, home range to maximise access to females while females changed their home-range size according the abundance of food and the constraints of high temperature.

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Dexter, Nick. "The influence of pasture distribution and temperature on habitat selection by feral pigs in a semi-arid environment." Wildlife Research 25, no. 5 (1998): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97119.

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The two parameters believed to influence habitat utilisation by feral pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are protection from high temperatures and distribution of food. However, whether there is an interaction between these parameters is unknown. To examine the influence of high temperature on habitat utilisation, the use of four rangeland habitats (shrubland, woodland, riverine woodland, and ephemeral swamps) by feral pigs in north-west New South Wales, Australia, was measured by radio-telemetry during and after a drought. In each habitat, protection from high temperature was indexed once by vegetation cover, at three strata, while over the course of the study, food distribution was indexed by estimating pasture biomass in each habitat. Riverine woodland provided the most shelter from high temperature, followed by woodland, shrubland and ephemeral swamps. On average, ephemeral swamps had the highest pasture biomass, followed by riverine woodland, shrubland and woodland. The amount of pasture in each habitat increased after the drought but changed at different rates. During autumn, spring and summer feral pigs preferred riverine woodland but in winter shrubland was preferred. Multivariate regression indicated that habitat utilisation was significantly influenced by pasture biomass in shrubland and mean maximum temperature in the study area. The results suggest that feral pigs are restricted by high temperatures to more shady habitats during hot weather but when the constraint of high temperature is relaxed they distribute themselves more according to the availability of food.

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Portas, TJ, A. Crowley, and J. Hufschmid. "Ectoparasitic dermatitis in free-ranging swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) in New South Wales." Australian Veterinary Journal 87, no. 4 (April 2009): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00411.x.

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26

Kearney, Stephen. "Diet of an Eastern Grass Owl Tyto longimembris in northern New South Wales." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38044048.

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A single Eastern Grass Owl Tyto longimembris was observed in Bundjalung National Park, New South Wales, in September 2019. Pellets (n = 17) collected from its roost contained the remains of House Mouse Mus musculus, Grassland Melomys Melomys burtoni, Black Rat Rattus rattus, Swamp Rat R. lutreolus, Fawn-footed Melomys Melomys cervinipes, Common Planigale Planigale maculata, Eastern Blossom Bat Syconycteris australis and honeyeater Phylidonyris sp. The most interesting findings were the Eastern Blossom Bat (the first published record of a bat in the diet of an Eastern Grass Owl in Australia) and that one of the Grassland Melomys specimens had pink bones.

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27

Hart, DM. "The Plant Opal Content in the Vegetation and Sediment of a Swamp at Oxford Falls, New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 2 (1988): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880159.

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Opal phytoliths in the leaves of 10 native species growing in and around a swamp were isolated and quantified, and shape and surface detail examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of plant opal in the leaves ranged from 0.10 to 2.45% by dry weight, and phytolith forms most commonly found were spheres, rods and sheets. Phytoliths in the silt size range of the swamp sediment were isolated by a simple fractionation technique. It was found that the forms with a small surface area to volume ratio survived in the sediment.

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28

Schmid, Rudolf, and Gwen J. Harden. "Flora of New South Wales." Taxon 41, no. 3 (August 1992): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222862.

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29

Michael, Damian R., David B. Lindenmayer, Mason Crane, Christopher MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, and Lachlan McBurney. "Reptilia, Murray catchment, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.25.

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Two large-scale, long-term biodiversity monitoring programs examining vertebrate responses to habitat fragmentation and landscape change in agricultural landscapes are taking place in the Murray Catchment Management Area of New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys involve counting reptiles under a range of management conditions and across a broad range of vegetation types in two bioregions, the South-western Slopes of New South Wales and the Riverina. We list reptiles recorded during surveys conducted between 2002 and 2009. We include additional species recorded between 1997 and 2009 from a conservation reserve. Thirty-nine species from nine families were recorded. The list will be useful for workers interested in reptile zoogeographical distributions and habitat associations as well as those interested in the biodiversity value of remnant vegetation and tree plantings in fragmented agricultural landscapes.

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30

NANSON, R. A. "The Evolution of Peat-Swamp Channels and Organic Floodplains, Barrington Tops, New South Wales, Australia." Geographical Research 47, no. 4 (December 2009): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00596.x.

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31

Green, DR. "Rangeland restoration projects in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 2 (1989): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890110.

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The semi-arid to arid Western Division of New South Wales has suffered significant levels of land degradation due to overstocking by domestic animals and rabbits. Three major forms of land degradation are identified, soil erosion, woody weed growth and pasture quality decline. Restoration techniques developed and applied by the New South Wales Soil Conservation Service are presented and discussed. The successful techniques presented are contour furrowing and waterponding for sheet eroded or scalded areas, fire and blade ploughing for woody weed control and grazing management to reverse pasture decline. The lack of knowledge on pasture species responses to grazing management stimuli is highlighted.

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32

Sweller, Susan, and Helene A. Martin. "A 40,000 year vegetation history and climatic interpretations of Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, New South Wales." Quaternary International 83-85 (September 2001): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(01)00042-8.

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33

Bush, Richard T., Roger McGrath, and Leigh A. Sullivan. "Occurrence of marcasite in an organic-rich Holocene estuarine mud." Soil Research 42, no. 6 (2004): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03079.

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Substantial marcasite and pyrite were recently identified in the upper-most unoxidised Holocene clay–peat sediments at Bungawalbin Swamp, a coastal backswamp on the Richmond River floodplain, north-east New South Wales, Australia. Marcasite (FeS2), the mineral dimorph of pyrite, is considered a rare secondary mineral in estuarine sediments and its abundance at Bungawalbin Swamp is highly unusual. The morphology and distribution of marcasite in the sulfidic sedimentary profile was examined and compared with the palynological record. Marcasite, recognised by its distinctive platy morphology and disulfide composition, occurred exclusively within organic remnants in only the upper most 1 m of the sulfidic sediment layer. Pyrite occurred throughout the sulfidic profile. A dramatic change in the sedimentary conditions at Bungawalbin Swamp from a marine environment, characterised by the presence of avicenniaceae (i.e. mangrove), to a fresh–brackish environment correlates directly with the occurrence of marcasite. The occurrence of substantial marcasite may provide a valuable environmental proxy of fresh–brackish depositional swamp environments.

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34

Schmid, Rudolf, and Gwen J. Harden. "Flora of New South Wales. Vol. 3." Taxon 43, no. 2 (May 1994): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222906.

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35

Rickards, R. B., G. H. Packham, A. J. Wright, and P. L. Williamson. "New name for Silurian graptolite from New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 27, no. 1 (January 2003): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619547.

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36

Webby, B. D., and J. Trotter. "A new Ordovician alga from central New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 16, no. 1 (January 1992): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619033.

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37

Brand, David G. "Forest management in New South Wales, Australia." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73578-5.

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Forest management policy in New South Wales, Australia, has been dramatically changing during the past two decades in response to public controversy and widening expectations of the values that the forest should provide to society. The nature of NSW forest management today is a reflection of the unique Australian forest ecology, the nature of the forest sector, and the emergence of conflict and polarized views on forest management in the past two decades. Recent efforts have made progress in resolving the forest debate. The key elements have included an expanded protected areas reserve system, expanded reliance on plantation forests for wood supply, increased wood security for native forest industries in return for a commitment to value-adding and the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management framework. Like other Australian States, NSW is currently negotiating Regional Forest Agreements with the Commonwealth Government that will set the stage for future directions in forest management. Key words: forest policy, Australia, New South Wales forest management

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38

Strusz, Desmond L. "Silurian atrypide brachiopods from Yass, New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31, no. 4 (December 2007): 299–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510701516571.

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39

Webby, B. D., and J. Keith Rigby. "Ordovician sphinctozoan sponges from central New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 9, no. 3 (January 1985): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518508618968.

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40

Owen, J. A. K. "Miocene palynomorph assemblages from Kiandra, New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 12, no. 4 (January 1988): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518808619128.

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41

Hoare, Richard D., and John R. Farrell. "Lower Devonian Polyplacophora from New South Wales, Australia." Palaeontology 47, no. 6 (November 2004): 1495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00415.x.

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42

M. Date, E., H. F. Recher, H. A. Ford, and D. A. Stewart. "The conservation and ecology of rainforest pigeons in northeastern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 3 (1995): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960299.

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A survey of conservation reserves, rainforest remnants and agricultural districts in northeastern New South Wales was conducted to determine the abundance, movements and habitat requirements of rainforest pigeons, to evaluate the extent and use of suitable habitat in conservation reserves, and to provide guidelines for the conservation and management of rainforest pigeons. Eight species of rainforest pigeon occur in northeastern New South Wales. Commencing with the clearing of rainforest in the 1860s for agriculture, rainforest pigeons declined in abundance throughout New South Wales and by the 1970s five species were thought to be threatened in the state. Since then, rainforest pigeons have apparently increased in abundance and distribution, but the Wompoo, Rose-crowned and Superb Pigeons continue to be listed by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service as vulnerable and rare. However, populations of all species of rainforest pigeons in New South Wales are relatively small and vulnerable to further loss of habitat. Most rainforest pigeons show a preference for subtropical rainforest habitat, but moist eucalypt forests, gardens and weedy exotic vegetation along roads and on abandoned farmland are also frequented to varying degrees by different species. To investigate recent trends in pigeon abundance we used data collected for up to 12 years from eight sites and during 1988, 1989 and 1990 from 17 rainforest remnants in northeastern New South Wales. The data suggest that rainforest pigeons now occur more frequently in lowland agricultural areas than in the recent past and tend to confirm an increase in abundance since the 1970s. Nesting and foraging habitats for rainforest pigeons are extensive in the conservation reserve system of northeastern New South Wales, but these habitats, which are largely at high elevations, lack winter food resources. Instead, pigeons congregate in remnant rainforest and exotic berry-bearing trees and shrubs in agricultural areas at lower elevations and near the coast. They rely on these habitats for food during winter and it is the restricted extent of this habitat that probably limits their abundance, not the area or quality of habitat at higher elevations. The conservation and management of rainforest pigeons requires the protection of low elevation and coastal rainforest remnants. As development of northeastern New South Wales proceeds, to avoid a decline in the abundances of rainforest pigeons it will be necessary to protect sclerophyll forest with native or exotic fruit bearing trees and shrubs and to extend the area of suitable habitat by the regeneration of rainforest and by the planting of native species used by pigeons as a food source. This will become increasingly important as the control and removal of exotic plants, such as Lantana Lantana camara and Camphor Laurel Cinnamonum camphora, on which some pigeons depend as a winter food source, becomes more successful.

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43

Dodson, J. R., F. K. Roberts, and T. De Salis. "Palaeoenyironments and human impact at Burraga Swamp in Montane rainforest, Barrington tops National Park, New South Wales, Australia." Australian Geographer 25, no. 2 (November 1994): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189408703115.

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44

Canfield, Paul J. "A SURVEY OF KOALA ROAD KILLS IN NEW SOUTH WALES." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27, no. 4 (October 1991): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.4.657.

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45

Mason, R. J., P. J. S. Fleming, L. D. Smythe, M. F. Dohnt, M. A. Norris, and M. L. Symonds. "LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS ANTIBODIES IN FERAL PIGS FROM NEW SOUTH WALES." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.4.738.

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46

Witter, D. C. "Regional variation of the archaeology in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04009.

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There is considerable variation in the Aboriginal archaeology of western New South Wales. This is demonstrated by differences in the stone artefacts found on the open campsites that are common and distributed over all landscapes throughout western NSW. Other site types may occur in particular regions and show differences from one region to another. Eight archaeological regions are proposed. These are at the same scale as the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, and many of the boundaries are the same. The archaeological regions represent the accumulation of archaeological materials on the landscape and Aboriginal knowledge about how to cope in various situations. There is little relationship between the archaeological regional boundaries and the published tribal boundaries. The condition and preservation of the archaeology is closely related to the nature of landscape change since European arrival.

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47

Parry-Jones, K. "Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 10, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am87016.

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48

McCarthy, P. M., G. Kantvilas, and J. A. Elix. "Amphorothecium, a new pyrenocarpous lichen genus from New South Wales, Australia." Lichenologist 33, no. 4 (July 2001): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2001.0330.

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AbstractAmphorothecium occultum P. M. McCarthy, Kantvilas & Elix gen. et sp. nov. is described from deeply shaded, saxicolous bryophytes in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. This genus is characterized by a trentepohlioid photobiont, distinctive thallus chemistry, pale, simple perithecia, largely unbranched paraphyses and periphyses, thin-walled, non-amyloid asci and very large, multiseptate ascospores. Its systematic position is uncertain.

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49

Grant, T. R., P. C. Gehrke, J. H. Harris, and S. Hartley. "Distribution of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in New South Wales: Results of The 1994-96 New South Wales Rivers Survey." Australian Mammalogy 21, no. 2 (1999): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00177.

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Data from the New South Wales Rivers Survey on the occurrence of platypuses have provided the most recent and comprehensive record of platypus distribution in the State. The species was most commonly reported from the montane and coastal regions, being less common on the western slopes and uncommon in the rivers of the western lowlands. The observations confirmed those from earlier community-based surveys. In contrast to the distribution of native fish species, there appears to have been little change in the overall state-wide distribution of the platypus in response to degrading processes in the rivers of New South Wales, although nothing is known of the stability of their population numbers.

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THEISCHINGER, GUNTHER, and JULIA H. MYNOTT. "A new species of Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 from the Shoalhaven Catchment, New South Wales, Australia (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)." Zootaxa 4550, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.3.9.

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Dinotoperla cherylae sp. nov. (Holotype ♂: New South Wales, Upper Kangaroo River, 34.672998oS/150.601391oE, 14-Dec-2017) is described from the Shoalhaven Catchment in New South Wales, Australia. The affinities and phylogenetic relationships of the new species are discussed.

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