Academic literature on the topic 'Swallow pattern'
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Journal articles on the topic "Swallow pattern"
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Preiksaitis, H. G., S. Mayrand, K. Robins, and N. E. Diamant. "Coordination of respiration and swallowing: effect of bolus volume in normal adults." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): R624—R630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r624.
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The coordination of swallowing and respiration, as measured by nasal airflow, and the effect of changes in the volume of the swallow bolus (0-20 ml) were investigated in 12 normal subjects. Both nonbolus and bolus swallows were usually preceded and followed by expiratory airflow. Swallows followed by inspiratory airflow accounted for 20% of nonbolus swallows but decreased further in frequency in the presence of a bolus. Swallowing was associated with an apneic period lasting 1.90 +/- 0.26 s for nonbolus swallows. Based on the apneic period response to bolus volume, the subjects were divided into two groups. The apneic period decreased by 60% in seven of the subjects regardless of bolus volume. The remaining five subjects gradually increased swallow apnea as bolus volume was increased. At larger bolus volumes, the latter group also exhibited an earlier onset of the swallow apnea and an increase in the number of swallows preceded by inspiration. The duration of the swallow-associated respiratory cycle was similarly prolonged by an increase in bolus volume in both groups. The results indicate that the respiratory pattern associated with swallowing is modulated by the volume of the swallow bolus. Within the normal population, at least two different patterns of response to bolus volume are identified.
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Nishino, T., and K. Hiraga. "Coordination of swallowing and respiration in unconscious subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.3.988.
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We investigated the coordination of swallowing and breathing in 11 unconscious patients with an endotracheal tube in place during the recovery period from general anesthesia. Swallows occurred during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases with no preponderant occurrence during either phase. When a swallow occurred during inspiration, the inspiration was interrupted immediately and was followed by expiration, but the durations of both inspiration and expiration were progressively increased as the time from the onset of inspiration to the onset of swallowing was progressively delayed. A swallow coinciding with the expiratory phase progressively prolonged the duration of the expiration that had been interrupted as the timing of swallowing was progressively delayed. Repeated swallows invariably and in a predictable manner caused changes in the breathing pattern. Thus when the frequency of regularly repeated swallows was relatively high, the breathing pattern was characterized by regular, shallow, and rapid breaths. When the frequency of regularly repeated swallows was relatively low, the breathing pattern was characterized by regular, deep, and slow breaths. When the frequency of repeated swallows was irregular, the breathing patterns were characterized by inconsistent changes in tidal volume and respiratory frequency. Our results indicate that, in unconscious subjects, some mechanisms integrating respiration and swallowing are operative and responsible for changes in breathing patterns during swallowing.
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Preiksaitis, Harold G., and Catherine A. Mills. "Coordination of breathing and swallowing: effects of bolus consistency and presentation in normal adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 1707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1707.
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Preiksaitis, Harold G., and Catherine A. Mills.Coordination of breathing and swallowing: effects of bolus consistency and presentation in normal adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1707–1714, 1996.—Respiration and swallowing were recorded simultaneously by inductance plethysmography, submental electromyography, and a throat microphone in 10 normal subjects during eating and drinking tasks that included single boluses of varying volume (5–20 ml) and consistency presented with a syringe and cup, a 200-ml drink taken with and without the use of a straw, and a sandwich meal. Swallows were associated with a brief swallow apnea (SA) lasting ∼1 s. Swallow effects on the duration or tidal volume of the preswallow, postswallow and swallow-associated breathing cycles varied depending on bolus characteristics and presentation. Expiration before and after the SA was the preferred pattern with all drinking and eating tasks. Inspiration followed SA in <5% of single-bolus swallows, but this pattern increased significantly with a 200-ml drink administered by cup or by straw and during a sandwich meal (23.8 ± 5.2, 27.0 ± 2.6, and 16.3 ± 2.7%, respectively). Hence, the swallow-associated breathing pattern seen with single-bolus swallows may not reflect that associated with regular eating and drinking behavior. This finding implies that the risk of aspiration may be reduced by teaching patients prone to aspiration to simplify the complex behavior of eating and drinking to a series of single-bolus swallows.
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Imam, Hala, Steven Shay, Aman Ali, and Mark Baker. "Bolus transit patterns in healthy subjects: a study using simultaneous impedance monitoring, videoesophagram, and esophageal manometry." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 5 (May 2005): G1000—G1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2004.
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Impedance monitoring (Imp) measures bolus transit. Combining Imp with manometry (EM) allows the effect of contractile patterns on transit to be assessed. The objective of this study is to identify bolus transit patterns in normal subjects, correlate Imp findings with the gold standard barium esophagram (Ba), and compare bolus transit with concomitant EM findings. Simultaneous Ba-Imp-EM was performed for 2 min in 15 normal volunteers (women, 11; age, 43 yr). Combined impedance-pressure sites were 5, 10, 15, 20 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Boluses (10 ml) of 45% barium mixed with 0.9% NaCl were swallowed at ≥20-s intervals (5–6 swallows/subject). Imp and Ba showed three bolus transit patterns, and the two methods were in agreement on the pattern type in 97% (83/86) of swallows. Normal bolus transit was found in 73% (61/83), and each had normal peristalsis and contraction amplitude. Stasis in the proximal esophagus occurred in 7 of 83 swallows despite normal manometric parameters in 4 of 7 swallows. Retrograde escape of a residue of incompletely cleared bolus from just above the LES to the site 5 cm above occurred in 14 of 83 swallows. Retrograde escape was triggered by the next swallow, occurred despite normal manometric parameters, and did not occur if the swallow interval was >30 s. In 55% (47/86) of swallows, air accumulated in the distal esophagus and persisted there for a mean of 3.6 s until cleared into the stomach. We conclude that impedance monitoring is a valid transit test and describe bolus transit patterns in normal subjects for comparison with patients with esophageal motility disorders.
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German, Rebecca Z., A. W. Crompton, and Allan J. Thexton. "Integration of the Reflex Pharyngeal Swallow Into Rhythmic Oral Activity in a Neurologically Intact Pig Model." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 2 (August 2009): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00100.2009.
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Mammalian swallowing involves the coordinated and sequential activity of many oropharyngeal muscles. Using synchronous electromyography (EMG) and videofluorography, we recorded the pattern of EMG activity for 12 muscles during swallowing in neurologically intact suckling pigs. We tested the hypothesis that this EMG pattern corresponded to the established pattern of activity for the isolated, reflexive pharyngeal swallow of the decerebrate infant pig. The EMG activity associated with the normal swallow of the intact animal had two components: a staggered pattern of single EMG bursts that were prominent in the stylohyoid, thyrohyoid, cricothyroid, and omohyoid muscles and double bursts of activity in some muscles, including geniohyoid and genioglossus, with the same underlying periodicity as suckling. Most of the staggered activity pattern, a linear sequence of progressively delayed activities in different muscles, was not statistically different from that previously found in the reflexive pharyngeal swallow of the decerebrate. However, not all components of the linear sequence of the reflexive swallow were inserted unchanged into the intact swallow. Some components appeared to be delayed or advanced, bringing them into phase with the underlying rhythmic activity. The difference between swallows of intact and of decerebrate animals was not solely due to the presence of rhythmic activity in the former. The timing of some EMG activities in intact animals also differed from the same activities in the few decerebrates that exhibited rhythmic tongue and jaw activity. These results suggest cerebral function influences the EMG pattern of the pharyngeal swallow, which has traditionally been considered a purely reflex pattern.
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Vovka, Andrea, Paul W. Davenport, Karen Wheeler-Hegland, Kendall F. Morris, Christine M. Sapienza, and Donald C. Bolser. "Swallow Pattern Generator Reconfiguration of the Respiratory Neural Network." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 18, no. 1 (March 2009): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd18.1.3.
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Abstract When the nasal and oral passages converge and a bolus enters the pharynx, it is critical that breathing and swallow motor patterns become integrated to allow safe passage of the bolus through the pharynx. Breathing patterns must be reconfigured to inhibit inspiration, and upper airway muscle activity must be recruited and reconfigured to close the glottis and laryngeal vestibule, invert the epiglottis, and ultimately protect the lower airways. Failure to close and protect the glottal opening to the lower airways, or loss of the integration and coordination of swallow and breathing, increases the risk of penetration or aspiration. A neural swallow central pattern generator (CPG) controls the pharyngeal swallow phase and is located in the medulla. We propose that this swallow CPG is functionally organized in a holarchical behavioral control assembly (BCA) and is recruited with pharyngeal swallow. The swallow BCA holon reconfigures the respiratory CPG to produce the stereotypical swallow breathing pattern, consisting of swallow apnea during swallowing followed by prolongation of expiration following swallow. The timing of swallow apnea and the duration of expiration is a function of the presence of the bolus in the pharynx, size of the bolus, bolus consistency, breath cycle, ventilatory state and disease.
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Birch-Iensen, M., P. S. Borgström, and O. Ekberg. "Cineradiography in Closed and Open Pharyngeal Swallow." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 4 (July 1988): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900405.
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The pattern of swallowing by which the oral bolus reaches an air-containing oropharynx is called an ‘open swallow’ whereas the sequence in which the oropharynx is collapsed on the arrival of the bolus is called a ‘closed swallow’. The significance of this distinction was further analyzed by a correlation with other laryngeal and pharyngeal functions during swallowing in a cineradiologic study in 75 dysphagic patients and 50 asymptomatic volunteers. The relative incidence of open and closed type swallows was similar in the two groups. The maximum elevation of the pharynx and larynx was the same in open and closed swallow, although in individuals with an open swallow the elevation occurred later than in individuals with a closed swallow. Epiglottic movement disturbances, defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule, pharyngeal constrictor muscle paresis, cricopharyngeal incoordination, cervical esophageal webs and Zenker diverticula were significantly more common in individuals with an open pharyngeal swallow than in those with closed swallowing.
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Perlman, A. L., P. M. Palmer, T. M. McCulloch, and D. J. Vandaele. "Electromyographic activity from human laryngeal, pharyngeal, and submental muscles during swallowing." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1663.
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The durations and temporal relationships of electromyographic activity from the submental complex, superior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, thyroarytenoid, and interarytenoid muscles were examined during swallowing of saliva and of 5- and 10-ml water boluses. Bipolar, hooked-wire electrodes were inserted into all muscles except for the submental complex, which was studied with bipolar surface electrodes. Eight healthy, normal, subjects produced five swallows of each of three bolus volumes for a total of 120 swallows. The total duration of electromyographic activity during the pharyngeal stage of the swallow did not alter with bolus condition; however, specific muscles did show a volume-dependent change in electromyograph duration and time of firing. Submental muscle activity was longest for saliva swallows. The interarytenoid muscle showed a significant difference in duration between the saliva and 10-ml water bolus. Finally, the interval between the onset of laryngeal muscle activity (thyroarytenoid, interarytenoid) and of pharyngeal muscle firing patterns (superior pharyngeal constrictor onset, cricopharyngeus offset) decreased as bolus volume increased. The pattern of muscle activity associated with the swallow showed a high level of intrasubject agreement; the presence of somewhat different patterns among subjects indicated a degree of population variance.
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Daniels, Stephanie K., David M. Corey, Leslie D. Hadskey, Calli Legendre, Daniel H. Priestly, John C. Rosenbek, and Anne L. Foundas. "Mechanism of Sequential Swallowing During Straw Drinking in Healthy Young and Older Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 1 (February 2004): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/004).
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Recent research has revealed differences between isolated and sequential swallowing in healthy young adults; however, the influence of normal aging on sequential swallowing has not been studied. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of normal aging on deglutition during sequential straw drinking. Videofluoroscopic samples of two 10-s straw drinking trials were obtained for 20 healthy young men (age 29±3 years) and 18 healthy older men (age 69±7 years). Hyolaryngeal complex (HLC) movement patterns, leading edge of the bolus location at swallow onset, and occurrences of airway invasion were determined. Two HLC patterns were identified: (a) HLC lowering with the epiglottis returned to upright between swallows and (b) partially maintained HLC elevation with the epiglottis inverted between swallows. The bolus was frequently in the hypopharynx at swallow onset. Strong associations were identified between age and HLC pattern, age and leading edge of the bolus location, and HLC pattern and leading edge location. Laryngeal penetration was uncommon overall; however, it occurred more frequently in the older adults than in the young adults. A significant relation was identified between age and the average Penetration-Aspiration Scale score. Laryngeal penetration was associated with both HLC movement patterns and hypopharyngeal bolus location, particularly in older adults. Results indicate that subtle age-related differences are evident in healthy young and older adults with sequential straw drinking. These data suggest that specific inherent swallowing patterns may increase the risk of laryngeal penetration with normal aging.
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Thexton, A. J., A. W. Crompton, and R. Z. German. "Electromyographic activity during the reflex pharyngeal swallow in the pig: Doty and Bosma (1956) revisited." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 2 (February 2007): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00456.2006.
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The currently accepted description of the pattern of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the pharyngeal swallow is that reported by Doty and Bosma in 1956; however, those authors describe high levels of intramuscle and of interindividual EMG variation. We reinvestigated this pattern, testing two hypotheses concerning EMG variation: 1) that it could be reduced with modern methodology and 2) that it could be explained by selective detection of different types of motor units. In eight decerebrate infant pigs, we elicited radiographically verified pharyngeal swallows and recorded EMG activity from a total of 16 muscles. Synchronization signals from the video-radiographic system allowed the EMG activity associated with each swallow to be aligned directly with epiglottal movement. The movements were highly stereotyped, but the recorded EMG signals were variable at both the intramuscle and interanimal level. During swallowing, some muscles subserved multiple functions and contained different task units; there were also intramuscle differences in EMG latencies. In this situation, statistical methods were essential to characterize the overall patterns of EMG activity. The statistically derived multimuscle pattern approximated to the classical description by Doty and Bosma (Doty RW, Bosma JF. J Neurophysiol 19: 44–60, 1956) with a leading complex of muscle activities. However, the mylohyoid was not active earlier than other muscles, and the geniohyoid muscle was not part of the leading complex. Some muscles, classically considered inactive, were active during the pharyngeal swallow.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Swallow pattern"
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Horton, Kofi-Kermit A. "The role of pulmonary stretch receptor afferents in swallow-breathing coordination: a comparison of central respiratory rhythm versus mechanical ventilation on swallow in a decerebrate feline model." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7305.
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Swallowing is an essential motor act that coordinates the movement of food or saliva from the mouth through the pharynx and into the esophagus while protecting the upper airways from aspiration of those materials. Disordered swallowing, or dysphagia, results when bolus movement from the oropharyngeal phase into the esophageal phase is uncoordinated. Dysphagia directly causes or increases the risk of aspiration during swallowing in many clinical pathologies including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular incidents (stroke) in addition to being prevalent among the elderly population. The coordination between breathing and swallowing is mediated through the interaction of the swallow and respiratory Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) located in the brainstem. In the pharyngeal phase of swallow respiratory airflow is temporarily interrupted, and then reset, when the bolus moves through the pharyngeal space. The lungs retain enough air during the swallow apnea to protect the lower airways from accidental aspiration of residual bolus material, modulate the latency to initiate the swallow, while providing sensory feedback for processing within the brainstem network. The timing of the pharyngeal phase of swallow with respiration occurs across a continuum of lung volumes. Following swallow, the latency to initiate inspiration of the subsequent respiratory cycle increases. The swallow-mediated increase in cycle duration on respiration may depend upon the central processing of pulmonary afferents that may also affect reconfiguration of the respiratory CPG to express the swallow CPG. The peripheral and central mechanisms of swallow-breathing coordination remain poorly understood. Here, the relationship between central inspiratory output and the resultant mechanical inflation of the lungs was manipulated and dissociated to test the hypothesis that a centrally- and peripherally-mediated “swallow gate” coordinates swallow initiation with central respiratory activity and vagally-mediated pulmonary feedback.
We obtained data from decerebrate adult cats of either sex that fully recovered from isoflurane anesthesia prior to the decerebration procedure. Fictive swallows were elicited using electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN) or injection of water (Water) into the pharyngeal cavity. Both stimuli were presented at random during the central respiratory cycle and/or the mechanical ventilation cycle. Mechanical ventilation was either triggered in-phase with phrenic discharge activity or it was set independent of phrenic discharge activity. These two modes of mechanical ventilation facilitated our ability to analyze the collective and individual effect of lower airway feedback on swallow-breathing coordination. The efferent discharge activities were recorded from the right hypoglossal (XII), left phrenic (Phr), left lumbar iliohypogastric (Lum) and right vagus (X) or the right recurrent laryngeal (RLN) nerves using silver bipolar hooked electrodes. All nerve activity was full-wave rectified, amplified, RC integrated (τ=200-500 ms) and low-pass filtered prior to analysis for effects on swallow-breathing coordination across stimulation-ventilation conditions. We observed post-inspiratory type (Post-I) and expiratory type (Exp) swallows that produced discrete effects on central respiratory rhythm across all conditions. The Post-I type swallows disturbed the duration and amplitude of preceding central inspiratory activity, without affecting the duration of central expiratory activity. The Exp type swallows prolonged central expiration but produced no effect on central inspiratory activity. We observed that lung inflation negatively modulated swallow initiation during fixed mechanical ventilation in the absence of central respiratory output, i.e., during central apnea. Most swallow elicited during central apnea initiated during periods of low lower airway afferent feedback. Collectively, these findings extend the role for lower airway feedback beyond its role as a provider of lung afferent surveillance and identifies lower airway feedback as a modulator of swallow-breathing coordination.
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Garcia, Dawn. "Spatial and temporal patterns of the Bank Swallow on the Sacramento River." [Chico, Calif. : California State University, Chico], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/85.
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Zhang, L., J. Zhang, Yakun Guo, and Y. Peng. "Numerical simulation of the hydraulic performances and flow pattern of swallow-tailed flip bucket." 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17839.
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YesIn this study, the evolution process of the swallow-tailed flip bucket water nappe entering into the plunge pool is simulated by using the standard 𝑘-𝜀 turbulence model and the volume of fluid method. The effects of the upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle on the flow pattern, the unit discharge distribution and the impact pressure distribution are studied. Based on the numerical results, the inner and outer jet trajectories are proposed by using the data. Results show that the longitudinal stretching length decreases with the increase of the upstream opening width ratio, and increases with the increase of the downstream bucket angle. The water nappe enters the plunge pool in a long strip shape. Thus, the unit discharge distribution of water nappe entry is consistent with the pressure distribution at the plunge pool bottom. The upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle should be chosen as their intermediate values in order to have a uniform discharge distribution and to reduce the pressure peak at the plunge pool floor, which is effectively to avoid instability and destruction of plunge pool floor.
National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 51625901) and National Nature Science Foundation of China (No: 51579165).
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Johnson, Steven L. "Song learning and syntax patterns in the American robin and the soil characteristics of bank swallow nest sites." 2006. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3206190.
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My dissertation is based on research in two very different subjects. The first two chapters report on my work with song learning and song element sequence patterns, or syntax, in the American Robin, while the last chapter is based on my work with soil samples from Bank Swallow colonies and other eroding slopes along the Connecticut River. American Robins are one of the most common and well known birds in North America, but very little is known about how robins acquire a song repertoire, or how robins transition through the different sounds in their repertoire when singing. Male robins typically have between 15 and 25 whistle song elements in their repertoire. When singing, male robins string these elements together, often singing 3 to 6 elements in a row. My analyses of recordings of young robins raised in acoustic isolation and of wild robins recorded at three locations in Western Massachusetts suggest that robins learn song elements through both imitation and improvisation/invention. I also found that robins sing the song elements in their repertoire in a complex non-random pattern, and that these patterns varied among the recording locations and among individuals. Bank Swallows nest by burrowing into the exposed soil of eroding banks, typically along rivers and streams. My research suggests that Bank Swallows tend to avoid nesting in banks that are composed primarily of sand, preferring slopes with a mixture of sand and silt, with larger colonies forming in areas with higher proportions of silt to sand.
Books on the topic "Swallow pattern"
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Pierce, Roberta B. Swallow right: An exercise program to correct swallowing patterns. Tucson, Ariz: Communication Skill Builders, 1993.
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Pierce, Roberta B. Swallow right: An exercise program to correct swallowing patterns. Austin, Tex: Pro-ed, 1993.
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Pierce, Roberta B. Swallow right: An exercise program to correct resting posture and swallowing patterns. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: PRO-ED, 2002.
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Cook, Connie. Patterns of Swallows. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
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Chris, Miller. Amazing World of Birds : Coloring Book for Adults: 40 PATTERNS, an Adult Coloring Book with Birds, Hummingbirds, Owl, Stork, Duck, Swallow, Eagle,Stress Relief and Relaxation, Perfect for Animal Lovers, Calming Doodles, Adult Coloring Book, 8. 5''x11''. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Swallow pattern"
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Shepherd, Gordon M. "Swallow, Aroma Burst, and Finish." In Neuroenology, 48–56. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231177009.003.0006.
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Swallowing is a complex act, crucial to the wine tasting experience. We describe the swallowing muscles, controlled by the swallowing central pattern generator. We describe the steps in swallowing, from mouth to throat to esophagus. After swallowing come two essential stages in wine tasting: the aroma burst from the wine coating the throat, and the “finish” - how long the taste remains.
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I. Ershov, Vadim. "Dysphagia Associated with Neurological Disorders." In Therapy Approaches in Neurological Disorders. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96165.
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Neurogenic dysphagia is characterized by problems with neural control of swallowing caused by various neurological diseases: vascular diseases, traumatic diseases, neoplasms, infections, neuromuscular diseases, and others. In patients of intensive care units after long-term intubation and extubation may evolve “postextubation dysphagia”, characterized by the “learned non-use” phenomenon. Neurogenic dysphagia is a component of bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, depending on the level of the neurological lesion. Diagnoses of neurogenic dysphagia include clinical examination (water swallow test), videofluoroscopy, upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and manometry, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, a grade of Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale. Dysphagia complications (malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, aspiration, and respiratory tract obstruction) associated with bad functional recovery and life prognosis, so neurogenic dysphagia need a complex treatment: correct feeding pattern of caloric value and consistency, methods of oral cavity mucosa sensitivity stimulation, swallowing process stimulation, physiotherapeutic treatment methods (electrical stimulation of the larynx and tongue root), logopedic exercises therapy, surgical correction, lifestyle correction, and others. Sometimes it is a need for replacement therapy method by nasogastric tube and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, parenteral feeding in several cases. Neurogenic dysphagia patient rehabilitation includes the “swallowing enhancement” method with optimal food consistency and training method after correct preparation of the oral cavity for swallowing. Neurogenic dysphagia patient oral feeding requires correct technique and contact with the patient for safety and efficient recovery.
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Katajala-Peltomaa, Sari. "Reasons for Possession." In Demonic Possession and Lived Religion in Later Medieval Europe, 28–45. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850465.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the reasons given for falling prey to demons; how certain behaviour, acts, and places were dangerous in this respect. The rather down-to-earth and concrete explanations given by the laity are contrasted and compared with the examples given in didactic material. In the lay depositions questions of guilt did not stand out and often no causes for possession were offered; an accidentally swallowed demon may have been a method to exculpate oneself and alleviate the deviance caused by the disturbing symptoms. A generally accepted pattern of causality did not exist since local traditions and cultural and environmental differences played a role in explaining the reasons for demonic presence. Comparative analysis shows, for example, that the spiritual dangers of the wilderness and urban spaces were more emphasized as background reasons in the densely populated urban areas of Northern and Central Italy than in the rural North.
Conference papers on the topic "Swallow pattern"
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Fraticelli, P., C. Fischetti, AM Pisani, S. Barchiesi, G. Romanelli, and A. Gabrielli. "SAT0356 Videofluoroscopy swallow study in patients with systemic sclerosis. correlation with clinical patterns." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.5456.
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Oliani, Stefano, Nicola Casari, Michele Pinelli, Alessio Suman, and Mauro Carnevale. "Effect of Jets in Crossflow in Deposition Mitigation on Full 3D NGV With Endwall Features." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15367.
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Abstract Particle ingestion is a major concern for the operation of gas turbines. In the case of an aircraft, particle dispersed in the air ingested by the engine can threaten flight safety. Swallowed particles can erode or stick to aerodynamic surfaces. Both the occurrences translate in a reduction of performance due to variation in shape and in roughness of the aerodynamic surfaces. This work is devoted to the analysis of fouling, i.e. the deposition of particles over time. By observing that the deposition pattern is strongly influenced by the flow field in the nearby of the walls, the central idea of this work is to employ Active Flow Control (AFC) to mitigate fouling when emergency conditions are met by the aircraft. The proposed system will inject air bled from compressor discharge in front of the critical locations where fouling is supposed to occur. The present work aspires to lay the foundations for the development of such an AFC device, by focusing on the modified aerodynamics consequent to the introduction of the transverse jet. The potential of this device is evaluated quantitatively using CFD simulations. An energy-based sticking model, coupled with a mesh-morphing solver, is used to track the airfoil deposition thickness evolution in time. The work is two-fold: first, the dynamics of the interaction between flow structures and particle transport is addressed. Second, the attention is posed on correlating fouling pattern variation to the modified aerodynamics of the vane consequent to the introduction of the device. Three design concepts are investigated on the 3D test case geometry of an HPT NGV cascade. The counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) is detected as the main responsible for jet-particle interaction. Finally, the jet impact on aerodynamic performance is also assessed.
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Suman, Alessio, Mirko Morini, Rainer Kurz, Nicola Aldi, Klaus Brun, Michele Pinelli, and Pier Ruggero Spina. "Estimation of the Particle Deposition on a Transonic Axial Compressor Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42689.
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Solid particle ingestion is one of the principal degradation mechanisms in the compressor section of heavy-duty gas turbines. Usually, foulants in the ppm range, not captured by the air filtration system (0–2) μm cause deposits on blading and result in a severe performance drop of the compressor. It is of great interest to the industry to determine which areas of the compressor airfoils are interested by these contaminants as a function of the location of the power unit. The aim of this work is the estimation of the actual deposits on the blade surface in terms of location and quantity. The size of the particles, their concentrations and the filtration efficiency are specified in order to perform a realistic quantitative analysis of the fouling phenomena in an axial compressor. This study combines, for the first time, the impact/adhesion characteristic of the particles obtained through a CFD and the real size distribution of the contaminants in the air swallowed by the compressor. The blade zones affected by deposits are clearly reported by using easy-to-use contaminant maps realized on the blade surface in terms of contaminant mass. The analysis showed that particular fluid-dynamic phenomena such as separation, shock waves and tip leakage vortex strongly influence the pattern deposition. The combination of the smaller particles (0.15 μm) and the larger ones (1.50 μm) determines the highest amounts of deposits on the leading edge of the compressor airfoil. From these analyses, some guidelines for proper installation and management of the power plant (in terms of filtration systems and washing strategies) can be drawn.
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Suman, Alessio, Mirko Morini, Rainer Kurz, Nicola Aldi, Klaus Brun, Michele Pinelli, and Pier Ruggero Spina. "Estimation of the Particle Deposition on a Subsonic Axial Compressor Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57340.
Full textAbstract:
The quality and purity of the air entering a gas turbine is a significant factor influencing its performance and life. Foulants in the ppm range which are not captured by the air filtration system usually cause deposits on blading, which results in a severe drop in the performance of the compressor. Through the interdisciplinary approach proposed in this paper, it is possible to determine the evolution of the fouling phenomenon through the integration of studies in different research fields: (i) numerical simulation, (ii) power plant characteristics and (iii) particle-adhesion characteristics. In fact, the size of the particles, their concentrations and adhesion ability, and filtration efficiency represent the major contributors to performing a realistic quantitative analysis of fouling phenomena in an axial compressor. The aim of this work is the estimation of the actual deposits on the blade surface in terms of location and quantity. This study combines the impact/adhesion characteristic of the particles obtained through a CFD and the real size distribution of the contaminants in the air swallowed by the compressor. The blade zones affected by deposits are clearly reported by using easy-to-use contaminant maps realized on the blade surface, in terms of contaminant mass. The analysis has shown that particular fluid-dynamic phenomena and airfoil shape influence the pattern deposition. The use of a filtration system decreases the contamination of the blade and the charge level of the electrostatic seems to be less important than the air contaminant concentration. From these analyses, some guidelines for proper installation and management of the power plant (in terms of filtration systems and washing strategies) can be drawn up. Characterization of the air contaminants in the power plant location represents the most important step in improving the management of the gas turbine power plant.