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1
Hultman, B., M. Löwén, U. Karlsson, P. H. Li, and L. Molina. "Prediction of Activated Sludge Sedimentation Based on Sludge Indices." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0182.
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Present requirements on nitrogen removal in Sweden make it necessary to increase the sludge concentration in the aeration basin of the activated sludge process. A project has started with the purpose to evaluate the possibilities to use different sludge indices to predict activated sludge sedimentation. Based on literature and experimental studies, it is shown that the diluted sludge volume index (DSVI), the sludge quality index (SQI) and the stirred specific volume index (SSVI3.5) are suitable to predict the sedimentation performance. The traditional sludge volume index (SVI) is not as useful and should therefore be replaced. However, it is possible to recalculate old data on SVI to values of SQI. The SQI value is approximately equal to DSVI and proportional to the SSVI-3.5 value. Pre-precipitation and pre-sedimentation seem to increase the values of the sludge indices.
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Zhao, Bin, Song Zhang, and Jian Feng Li. "Evaluation and ANN-Based Prediction on Functional Parameters of Surface Roughness in Precision Grinding of Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.166.
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Three-dimensional surface roughness parameters are widely applied to characterize frictional and lubricating properties, corrosion resistance, fatigue strength of surfaces. Among them, the functional parameters of surface roughness, such as Sbi, Sci, and Svi, are used to evaluate bearing and fluid retention properties of surfaces. In this study, the effects of grinding parameters, including wheel linear speed (Vs), workpiece linear speed (Vw), grinding depth (ap), longitudinal feed rate (fa), and dressing rate (F), on functional parameters were studied in grinding of cast iron. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for predicting the functional parameters of three-dimensional surface roughness. The inputs of the ANN models were grinding parameters (Vs, Vw, ap, fa, F), and the output parameters of the models were functional parameters of surface roughness (Sbi, Sci, Svi). With small errors (e.g MSE = 0.09%, 0.61%, and 0.0014%. ), the ANN-based models are considered sufficiently accurate to predict functional parameters of surface roughness in grinding of cast iron.
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Das, R., P. K. Das, S. Bandyopadhyay, and U. Raj. "TRENDS AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT CONDITIONS OVER INDIAN REGION USING TIME-SERIES (1982–2015) SATELLITE DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-453-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The vulnerability and trends of meteorological as well as agricultural drought conditions over Indian region was studied using long-term (1982&ndash;2015) gridded precipitation and time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) precipitation data (~5&thinsp;km) was used to compute Standardized precipitation index (SPI) at 3-month time scale for Indian summer monsoon season (June-September). Subsequently, the long-term Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) time-series NDVI data (~8&thinsp;km) was interpolated at daily scale and smoothened using Savitzky and Golay filtering method. Further, the time-series NDVI data was transformed into several phenological parameters using threshold and derivative approach. As integrated NDVI, i.e. the area under seasonal NDVI curve, is able to represent the anomalies in seasonal agricultural production, it was transformed into standardized vegetation index (SVI) using empirical distribution. Several drought parameters, e.g. magnitude and extent, were computed at district level based on the SPI and SVI values, where values with SPI or SVI less than minus one was considered as meteorological and agricultural drought year, respectively. The trends of drought magnitude and extent for both the meteorological and agricultural drought were estimated using Sen’s slope. The direction of trends and magnitude were found to be varying spatially across different parts of Indian region. Further, the mean SPI/SVI values along with drought frequency were utilized to categorize entire Indian agricultural area into different vulnerable zones during three decades separately. The overall drought vulnerability was found to be decreasing over time.</p>
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Martini, Claude, and Arianna Mingone. "No Arbitrage SVI." SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics 13, no. 1 (March 2022): 227–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/20m1351060.
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Bošković, Ivan. "Svi hrvatski dioklecijani." Croatica et Slavica Iadertina, no. 4 (January 18, 2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/csi.618.
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Car Dioklecijan nije samo jedno od trajnih mjesta splitske društvene memorije i identiteta, nego i česta tema hrvatske književnosti. Uz mnoštvo tekstova različita žanrovskog predznaka i umjetničke vrijednosti, o tomu svjedoči i iznimno bogata dramska književnost na hrvatskom jeziku, podrobnije opisana u ovomu pregledu. U njoj je splitski car zaogrnut u različito dramsko ruho: scensku igru, dramske slike, radio-igru, cabaret, povijesni spektakl, scensku viziju, tragediju, bajku, satiresku, a pridavane su mu – uz povijesno potvrđene – i različite karakteristike. Osim kao car graditelj i vladar znatnog vladarskog umijeća, najčešće je opisan kao progonitelj i simbol borbe protiv kršćana. Ta je odrednica jedno od referentnih mjesta dramskih tekstova Ogrizovića, Rožića, Kovačevića, Radice, Maroevića i dr. i na njoj je, najčešće, temeljeno dramsko/kazališno iskustvo, više kulturno-povijesnoga a manje estetskoga predznaka, limitirano – izuzev Ogrizovićeva i Šoljanova teksta - skromnom dramskom/kazališnom kulturom i spisateljskim mogućnostima pojedinih autora. Premda je i u carevoj ličnosti, ali i u ličnostima njegovih najbližih bilo motiva poticajnih za dramski razvoj, uglavnom je sve ostalo izvan interesa autora ili je pak mjestimice tek sugerirano. U radu se donosi pregledan p/opis svih drama na hrvatskom jeziku o splitskomu caru.
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Tánczos, Krisztián, Márton Németh, Domonkos Trásy, Ildikó László, Péter Palágyi, Zsolt Szabó, Gabriella Varga, and József Kaszaki. "Goal-Directed Resuscitation Aiming Cardiac Index Masks Residual Hypovolemia: An Animal Experiment." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/160979.
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The aim of this study was to compare stroke volume (SVI) to cardiac index (CI) guided resuscitation in a bleeding-resuscitation experiment. Twenty six pigs were randomized and bled in both groups till baseline SVI (Tbsl) dropped by 50% (T0), followed by resuscitation with crystalloid solution until initial SVI or CI was reached (T4). Similar amount of blood was shed but animals received significantly less fluid in the CI-group as in the SVI-group: median = 900 (interquartile range: 850–1780) versus 1965 (1584–2165) mL,p=0.02, respectively. In the SVI-group all variables returned to their baseline values, but in the CI-group animals remained underresuscitated as indicated by SVI, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume variation (SVV), and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) atT4as compared toTbsl: SVI = 23.8 ± 5.9 versus 31.4 ± 4.7 mL, HR: 117 ± 35 versus 89 ± 11/min SVV: 17.4 ± 7.6 versus 11.5 ± 5.3%, andScvO2: 64.1 ± 11.6 versus 79.2 ± 8.1%,p<0.05, respectively. Our results indicate that CI-based goal-directed resuscitation may result in residual hypovolaemia, as bleeding caused stress induced tachycardia “normalizes” CI, without restoring adequate SVI. As the SVI-guided approach normalized most hemodynamic variables, we recommend using SVI instead of CI as the primary goal of resuscitation during acute bleeding.
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Sánchez-Garrido, Natalia, Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro, José Alberto Ávila-Funes, Olga Theou, Melissa Andrew, and Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda. "The Social Vulnerability Index, Mortality and Disability in Mexican Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Geriatrics 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010024.
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The social vulnerability index (SVI) independently predicts mortality and others adverse outcomes across different populations. There is no evidence that the SVI can predict adverse outcomes in individuals living in countries with high social vulnerability such as Latin America. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the SVI with mortality and disability in Mexican middle-aged and older adults. This is a longitudinal study with a follow-up of 47 months, the Mexican Health and Aging Study, including people over the age of 40 years. A SVI was calculated using 42 items stratified in three categories low (<0.36), medium (0.36–0.47), and high (>0.47) vulnerability. We examined the association of SVI with three-year mortality and incident disability. Cox and logistic regression models were fitted to test these associations. We included 14,217 participants (58.4% women) with a mean age of 63.9 years (±SD 10.1). The mean SVI was of 0.42 (±SD 0.12). Mortality rate at three years was 6% (n = 809) and incident disability was 13.2% (n = 1367). SVI was independently associated with mortality, with a HR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8, p < 0.001) for the highest category of the SVI compared to the lowest. Regarding disability, the OR was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5, p = 0.026) when comparing the highest and the lowest levels of the SVI. The SVI was independently associated with mortality and disability. Our findings support previous evidence on the SVI and builds on how this association persists even in those individuals with underlying contextual social vulnerability.
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Vidal Crespo, Natalia, Laura Enguita Arnal, Álvaro Gómez-Ferrer, Argimiro Collado Serra, Juan Manuel Mascarós, Ana Calatrava Fons, Juan Casanova Ramón-Borja, José Rubio Briones, and Miguel Ramírez-Backhaus. "Bilateral Seminal Vesicle Invasion Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes in Locally Advanced Prostate Carcinoma." Medicina 58, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081057.
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Background and Objectives: Patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are a highly heterogeneous group. Prognosis can be affected by many clinical and pathological characteristics. Our aim was to study whether bilateral SVI (bi-SVI) is associated with worse oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is an observational retrospective study that included 146 pT3b patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). We compared the results between unilateral SVI (uni-SVI) and bi-SVI. The log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and additional treatment-free survival. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of BCR-free survival, MFS, and additional treatment-free survival. Results: 34.93% of patients had bi-SVI. The median follow-up was 46.84 months. No significant differences were seen between the uni-SVI and bi-SVI groups. BCR-free survival at 5 years was 33.31% and 25.65% (p = 0.44) for uni-SVI and bi-SVI. MFS at 5 years was 86.03% vs. 75.63% (p = 0.1), and additional treatment-free survival was 36.85% vs. 21.93% (p = 0.09), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, PSA was related to the development of BCR [HR 1.34 (95%CI: 1.01–1.77); p = 0.03] and metastasis [HR 1.83 (95%CI: 1.13–2.98); p = 0.02]. BCR was also influenced by lymph node infiltration [HR 2.74 (95%CI: 1.41–5.32); p = 0.003]. Additional treatment was performed more frequently in patients with positive margins [HR: 3.50 (95%CI: 1.65–7.44); p = 0.001]. Conclusions: SVI invasion is an adverse pathology feature, with a widely variable prognosis. In our study, bilateral seminal vesicle invasion did not predict worse outcomes in pT3b patients despite being associated with more undifferentiated tumors.
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Newman, Andrew J., Paul A. Kucera, and Larry F. Bliven. "Presenting the Snowflake Video Imager (SVI)." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1148.1.
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Abstract Herein the authors introduce the Snowflake Video Imager (SVI), which is a new instrument for characterizing frozen precipitation. An SVI utilizes a video camera with sufficient frame rate, pixels, and shutter speed to record thousands of snowflake images. The camera housing and lighting produce little airflow distortion, so SVI data are quite representative of natural conditions, which is important for volumetric data products such as snowflake size distributions. Long-duration, unattended operation of an SVI is feasible because datalogging software provides data compression and the hardware can operate for months in harsh winter conditions. Details of SVI hardware and field operation are given. Snowflake size distributions (SSDs) from a storm near Boulder, Colorado, are computed. An SVI is an imaging system, so SVI data can be utilized to compute diverse data products for various applications. In this paper, the authors present visualizations of frozen particles (i.e., snowflake aggregates as well as individual crystals), which provide insight into the weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, and winds.
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Wongburi, Praewa, and Jae K. Park. "Prediction of Sludge Volume Index in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Recurrent Neural Network." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106276.
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Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is one of the most important operational parameters in an activated sludge process. It is difficult to predict SVI because of the nonlinearity of data and variability operation conditions. With complex time-series data from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with an Explainable Artificial Intelligence was applied to predict SVI and interpret the prediction result. RNN architecture has been proven to efficiently handle time-series and non-uniformity data. Moreover, due to the complexity of the model, the newly Explainable Artificial Intelligence concept was used to interpret the result. Data were collected from the Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant, Madison, Wisconsin, and the data were analyzed and cleaned using Python program and data analytics approaches. An RNN model predicted SVI accurately after training with historical big data collected at the Nine Spring WWTP. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) analysis was able to determine which input parameters affected higher SVI most. The prediction of SVI will benefit WWTPs to establish corrective measures to maintaining stable SVI. The SVI prediction model and Explainable Artificial Intelligence method will help the wastewater treatment sector to improve operational performance, system management, and process reliability.
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Nara, Yugo, Akihisa Kataoka, Yusuke Watanabe, Nakashima Makoto, Hirofumi Hioki, Hideyuki Kawashima, Nagura Fukuko, et al. "Prognostic impact of postprocedure stroke volume in patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis." Open Heart 6, no. 1 (May 2019): e000988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000988.
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ObjectiveThe effect of postoperative blood flow status on the prognosis of patients with low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS) has not been examined. Severe AS is associated with a higher mortality rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We examined the prognostic value of low-flow status by comparing stroke volume indices (SVi) before and after TAVI in patients with symptomatic, low-gradient severe AS.MethodsA total of 1613 patients with severe symptomatic AS who underwent TAVI in 14 Japanese institutes for low-gradient severe AS (418 patients, median age 84 years, 32.5% men) were prospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular mortality during follow-up after TAVI, and independent predictors were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the optimal cut-off value of post-TAVI SVi for predicting cardiovascular mortality, and the receiver operating characteristic curves of pre-TAVI and post-TAVI SVi were compared.ResultsThe cardiovascular mortality rate was 4.1% (17 patients) during follow-up (median 9.2 months). Multivariate analysis revealed post-TAVI SVi to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (per 10 mL/m2 decrease; HR, 2.0; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.12). The optimal cut-off value of post-TAVI SVi was 41.4 mL/m2. Post-TAVI SVi showed significantly larger area under the curve than pre-TAVI SVi (0.74 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.79) vs 0.61 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.65), p<0.05).ConclusionsPost-TAVI SVi is a better predictor of cardiovascular mortality than pre-TAVI SVi in patients with symptomatic low-gradient severe AS. Low-flow and low-normal-flow status (35≤ SVi <40 mL/m2) require careful management after TAVI.
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Edigbue, Paul, Abdullatif Al-Shuhail, and Sherif M. Hanafy. "Three-dimensional supervirtual seismic refraction interferometry: A case study in western Saudi Arabia." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): B123—B133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0310.1.
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The semiautomatic seismic refraction supervirtual interferometry (SVI) algorithm has been developed to improve the conventional SVI method. The conventional SVI method uses convolution techniques and involves the raw trace, which reintroduces noise back into the enhanced trace. However, the semiautomatic method uses a first-arrival reference picked from a raw trace to compute the arrival times of all enhanced virtual traces. The semiautomatic SVI method has been extended recently from 2D to 3D geometry and applied on a synthetic 3D seismic data set using the raw traces of only one inline. We have developed a case study of the semiautomatic 3D SVI method by applying the algorithm on an active seismic refraction data set that consists of 82,944 raw traces from 288 shot gathers that use an accelerated weight drop source. Due to possible differences in the source wavelet among shots, the semiautomatic 3D SVI method is applied on the 288 raw traces from each shot gather separately. The SVI technique generates 41,328 distinct correlograms from one shot, which results in the production of a trace with a much better signal-to-noise ratio.
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Mehta, Akhil, Eric Lau, Gayathri Nagaraj, and Hamid Mirshahidi. "Abstract 3662: Association of US county-level social vulnerability index (SVI) with breast and colon cancer screening rates." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3662.
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Abstract Introduction: Whether social determinants of health (SDOH) affect US breast and colon cancer screening rates remains unclear. That said, in 2011 the CDC began recording a social vulnerability index (SVI) for all US counties. SVI was designed to capture four SDOH: socioeconomic status (SES), household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing type and transportation. This retrospective study sought to determine the association of county-level SVI with breast and colon cancer screening rates. Methods: We used publicly available data from the CDC 2018 SVI database to collect SVI scores for every US county. SVI scores range from 0.1 to 1. A lower score indicates low vulnerability, while a higher score suggests high vulnerability. SVI scores were merged with publicly available data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) containing county modeled estimates for breast and colon cancer screening rates. Counties were then divided into < 50th percentile and >= 50th percentile for breast and colon cancer screening. SVI scores and their four SDOH were compared between groups. Statistical significance between groups was assessed at an alpha less than 0.5. Linear regression was used to identify the association between high county-level SVI and the probability of being >= 50th percentile in breast and colon cancer screening. Results: This study involved 3,109 counties. Compared to counties >= 50th percentile in breast cancer screening (n = 1543), those < 50th percentile (n = 1566) were significantly worse off in SES (0.60 ± 0.27 vs. 0.41 ± 0.27), household composition and disability (0.58 ± 0.28 vs. 0.42 ± 0.28), minority status and language (0.51 ± .30 vs. 0.49 ± .28), housing type and transportation (0.53 ± 0.29 vs. 0.46 ± 0.28), and overall SVI (0.58 ± 0.28 vs. 0.42 ± 0.27) (p < .0001). Likewise, compared to counties >= 50th percentile in colon cancer screening (n = 1548), those < 50th percentile (n = 1561) were also significantly worse off in SES (0.63 ± 0.27 vs. 0.38 ± 0.25), household composition and disability (0.59 ± 0.27 vs. 0.41 ± 0.27), minority status and language (0.54 ± .30 vs. 0.45 ± .27), housing type and transportation (0.54 ± 0.29 vs. 0.46 ± 0.28), and overall SVI (0.61 ± 0.28 vs. 0.39 ± 0.27) (p < .0001). High SVI counties compared with low SVI counties were significantly less likely to be >= 50th percentile in breast cancer and colon cancer screening, OR 0.24 (95% CI 0.20 - 0.29) and 0.14 (95% CI 0.12 - 0.18). Finally, county-level SVI percentile correlated negatively with breast and colon cancer screening rates, Pearson coefficient -0.35 and -0.46. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant impact of US county-level SVI on breast and colon cancer screening rates, signaling the need for more effective intervention strategies and allocation of resources to help improve SDOH for our country's most vulnerable citizens. Citation Format: Akhil Mehta, Eric Lau, Gayathri Nagaraj, Hamid Mirshahidi. Association of US county-level social vulnerability index (SVI) with breast and colon cancer screening rates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3662.
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Sá, Rui Carlos, Amran K. Asadi, Rebecca J. Theilmann, Susan R. Hopkins, G. Kim Prisk, and Chantal Darquenne. "Validating the distribution of specific ventilation in healthy humans measured using proton MR imaging." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 8 (April 15, 2014): 1048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2013.
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Specific ventilation imaging (SVI) uses proton MRI to quantitatively map the distribution of specific ventilation (SV) in the human lung, using inhaled oxygen as a contrast agent. To validate this recent technique, we compared the quantitative measures of heterogeneity of the SV distribution in a 15-mm sagittal slice of lung obtained in 10 healthy supine subjects, (age 37 ± 10 yr, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 97 ± 7% predicted) using SVI to those obtained in the whole lung from multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBW). Using the analysis of Lewis et al. (Lewis SM, Evans JW, Jalowayski AA. J App Physiol 44: 416–423, 1978), the most likely distribution of SV from the MBW data was computed and compared with the distribution of SV obtained from SVI, after normalizing for the difference in tidal volume. The average SV was 0.30 ± 0.10 MBW, compared with 0.36 ± 0.10 SVI ( P = 0.01). The width of the distribution, a measure of the heterogeneity, obtained using both methods was comparable: 0.51 ± 0.06 and 0.47 ± 0.08 in MBW and SVI, respectively ( P = 0.15). The MBW estimated width of the SV distribution was 0.05 (10.7%) higher than that estimated using SVI, and smaller than the intertest variability of the MBW estimation [inter-MBW (SD) for the width of the SV distribution was 0.08 (15.8)%]. To assess reliability, SVI was performed twice on 13 subjects showing small differences between measurements of SV heterogeneity (typical error 0.05, 12%). In conclusion, quantitative estimations of SV heterogeneity from SVI are reliable and similar to those obtained using MBW, with SVI providing spatial information that is absent in MBW.
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Wild, Laura E., McKailey Walters, Alaina Powell, Katherine A. James, Laura Corlin, and Tanya L. Alderete. "County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042202.
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Cardiometabolic diseases are a group of interrelated diseases that pose greater burden among socially vulnerable communities. The social vulnerability index (SVI) identifies communities vulnerable to emergencies and may also help determine communities at risk of adverse chronic health outcomes. However, no studies have examined the relationship between the SVI and cardiometabolic health outcomes in Colorado or focused on rural settings. The aim of this ecological study was to determine whether the county-level SVI is associated with county-level cardiometabolic health indicators with a particular focus on rurality and racial/ethnic diversity. We obtained 2014 SVI scores from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (scored 0–1; higher = more vulnerable) and 2013–2015 cardiometabolic health estimates from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The distribution of social determinants of health was spatially evaluated. Bivariate relationships between the SVI and cardiometabolic indicators were estimated using simple linear regression models. The highest SVI scores were observed in rural areas, including the San Luis Valley (mean: 0.78, median: 0.91), Southeast (mean: 0.72, median: 0.73), and Northeast (mean: 0.66, median: 0.76) regions. Across Colorado, the SVI accounted for 41% of the variability in overweight and obesity prevalence (p < 0.001), 17% of the variability in diabetes prevalence (p = 0.001), and 58% of the age-adjusted myocardial infarction hospitalization rate (p < 0.001). SVI values may be useful in determining a community’s burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Behrouz, Réza, Ali R. Malek, and Michel T. Torbey. "Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: The Past, Present, and Future." Stroke Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/839151.
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Brain infarction due to small vessel cerebrovascular disease (SVCD)—also known as small vessel infarct (SVI) or “lacunar” stroke—accounts for 20% to 25% of all ischemic strokes. Historically, SVIs have been associated with a favorable short-term prognosis. However, studies over the years have demonstrated that SVCD/SVI is perhaps a more complex and less benign phenomenon than generally presumed. The currently employed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are based upon historical and contemporary perceptions of SVCD/SVI. What is discovered in the future will unmask the true countenance of SVCD/SVI and help furnish more accurate prognostication schemes and effective treatments for this condition. This paper is an overview of SVCD/SVI with respect to the discoveries of the past, what is known now, and what will the ongoing investigations evince in the future.
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Risteski, Dimche, and Danco Davcev. "Do search engine data improve financial time series volatility predictions in different market periods? An empirical analysis on major world financial indices." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 5 (March 26, 2015): 5759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v14i5.5275.
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In this paper, we investigate the different influence of search engine data in different market periods on the improvement of the prediction of the financial time series volatility. We use the EGARCH and the EGARCH-SVI model. We analyze weekly data from the Dow Jones, FTSE 100 and Nikkei 225 market indices and the weekly search volume index (SVI) from google trends for market indices keywords. The main contribution of this paper is introducing limitations of the EGARCH-SVI model for forecasting the weekly volatility of the market index. Our results show that i) search engine data improve financial time series volatility predictions of the EGARCH-SVI model in market crisis periods with the bigger price volatility; and ii) search engine data is not improving the prediction of the financial time series volatility of the EGARCH-SVI model in a non-crisis periods with low price volatility in the market. This result also confirms the predictive power of the EGARCH-SVI model in crisis periods for different financial markets.
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Eliosov, Boris, David Rubin, Gregory Papkov, and Yerachmiel Argaman. "Diffusional limitation and process kinetics in suspended growth systems." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1996): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0539.
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Active biomass in suspended growth systems exists as porous flocs. Since the rate of biodegradation is directly proportional to the substrate concentration at the microbial cell surface, the intrafloc substrate concentration profile will affect process kinetics. Data from previous experiments have indicated an improved effluent quality at increased SVI. Since the SVI parameter reflects biomass settleability rather than biodegradation kinetics, the experimental work was aimed at the relationship between SVI and mass transfer related properties. Four bench-scale units and one pilot plant were operated in parallel at nearly the same SRT with different anoxic:aerobic volume ratio, or mixed liquor recycle rate. Biomass samples at various SVI values were analyzed for specific surface area, effective diffusivity, and average floc size. The results have shown a direct linear relationship between the SVI and both the specific surface area and the effective diffusivity. These results suggested that changes in effective diffusivity were attributed to floc porosity. Using an existing model, effluent BOD under varying SVI were calculated, and the trend was similar to the results of previous study.
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Mehta, Akhil, Won Jin Jin Jeon, Christopher Hino, Eric Lau, Hamid R. Mirshahidi, and Gayathri Nagaraj. "Association of U.S. county social vulnerability with cancer mortality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 6534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.6534.
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6534 Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) can predispose underserved communities to poor cancer outcomes. The CDC has created a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) score for US counties that integrates four SDOH: socioeconomic status, household composition & disability, minority status & language, and housing type & transportation. Scores range from 0 to 1, with higher values signifying more vulnerability. SVI is a significant determinant of overall mortality, but its association with cancer mortality is unclear. This study aimed to investigate if there is a relationship between SVI and cancer mortality. Methods: CDC WONDER (Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research) was used to estimate age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 person-years with 95% CIs for adults > 18 years of age from 3,030 (96%) US counties between 2014-2018 for a composite of three cancers (lung, breast, and colon cancer), individual cancer subtypes, and demographic groups (sex, ethnicity/race, urban/rural classification). Age-adjusted mortality rates were compared across SVI quartiles: 1st (least vulnerable) to 4th (most vulnerable). Linear regression was used to identify the association between the 4th vs. 1st SVI quartile and the odds of being above the median mortality rate for composite cancers, individual cancer subtypes, and demographic groups. Results: Overall, age-adjusted composite cancer mortality rate per 100,000 person-years was 122.9 (lung cancer 82.8, breast cancer 38.1, colon cancer 21.9). The largest concentration of most vulnerable US counties and composite cancer mortality was in the southeastern US. Age-adjusted composite cancer mortality rates increased from 1st to 4th SVI quartiles. Counties in the 4th SVI quartile vs. 1st SVI quartile were significantly more likely to be above the median mortality rate for composite cancer (OR 6.46 [95% CI, 5.16 - 8.08]), lung cancer (6.88 [5.46 - 8.66]), breast cancer (2.77 [2.17 - 3.54]), and colon cancer (6.20 [4.82 - 7.97]). Among all races, non-Hispanic Black adults in the 4th SVI quartile vs. 1st SVI quartile were significantly more likely to be above the median mortality rate for composite cancer (OR 9.46 [95% CI, 6.19 - 14.4]), lung cancer (13.8 [7.87 - 24.1]), breast cancer (5.53 [3.16 - 9.68]), and colon cancer (6.34 [3.69 - 10.9]). Moreover, rural counties in the 4th SVI quartile vs. 1st SVI quartile were between 2- to 8-times more likely to be above the median mortality rate for composite cancer and individual cancer subtypes. Conclusions: This study highlights the most socially vulnerable US counties have higher cancer mortality rates than the least vulnerable US counties. Furthermore, non-Hispanic Black adults and rural counties in the most socially vulnerable category have higher cancer mortality rates than those in the least socially vulnerable category. Additional work is needed to understand how SVI can be used for better resource allocation to help mitigate cancer mortality.
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Hall, Matthew, Jason Lewis, Joshua Joseph, Andrew Ketterer, Carlo Rosen, and Nicole Dubosh. "Standardized Video Interview Scores Correlate Poorly with Faculty and Patient Ratings." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.11.44054.
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The Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was developed by the Association of American Medical Colleges to assess professionalism, communication, and interpersonal skills of residency applicants. How SVI scores compare with other measures of these competencies is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the SVI score and both faculty and patient ratings of these competencies in emergency medicine (EM) applicants. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of medical students. Students enrolled in the fourth-year EM clerkship at our institution and who applied to the EM residency Match were included. We collected faculty ratings of the students’ professionalism and patient care/ communication abilities as well as patient ratings using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) from the clerkship evaluation forms. Following completion of the clerkship, students applying to EM were asked to voluntarily provide their SVI score to the study authors for research purposes. We compared SVI scores with the students’ faculty and patient scores using Spearman’s rank correlation. Of the 43 students from the EM clerkship who applied in EM during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 application cycles, 36 provided their SVI scores. All 36 had faculty evaluations and 32 had CAT scores available. We found that SVI scores did not correlate with faculty ratings of professionalism (rho = 0.09, p = 0.13), faculty assessment of patient care/communication (rho = 0.12, p = 0.04), or CAT scores (rho = 0.11, p = 0.06). Further studies are needed to validate the SVI and determine whether it is indeed a predictor of these competencies in residency.
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Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, and Oluwafunbi Awoniyi. "Inequalities in Accessing Healthcare in the United States of America: A Major Contributor to the Increasing COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2021.29.
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Introduction: Many COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported from the United States (US). This study aimed to assess the health system inequalities as a determinant of COVID-19 case morbidity and mortality in the US. Methods: This study collected data on US COVID-19 cases and deaths as of the 27th of January 2021 from the Worldometer and COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index. The strength of association between the social vulnerability index (SVI), total COVID-19 deaths and tests, and regional population in the US were determined using Pearson’s correlation. P values<0.05 were statistically significant. Results: New York has the highest SVI (0.94) in the North-Eastern region and the highest percentage of non-Whites. California has the highest SVI (0.90) in the Western region and the highest proportion of Asians. In the mid-Western region of the US, Illinois has the highest SVI (0.88) and the highest proportion of African Americans and Asians. North Carolina has the highest SVI of (1.00) in the Southern region and the highest proportion of African Americans. A strong positive correlation exists between the SVI and total COVID-19 tests (P=0.001) in the North-eastern and Southern regions (P=0.025). In addition, a positive correlation (P<0.039) exists between SVI and the total population in the Western and mid-Western regions (P<0.003). Conclusion: Multi-sectoral collaboration should be encouraged to promote equity in accessing COVID-19 healthcare in the US, especially in States with high COVID-19 SVI.
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Li, Yanping, Jianhua Yan, Zhonghao Wang, Wenyong Huang, Shengsong Huang, Ling Jin, Yingfeng Zheng, et al. "Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in Huidong County, South China, primary ascertained by the key informants." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (February 2019): e000240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000240.
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PurposeThe aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in Huidong, South China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2017 in areas of 139 816 children at the age of 0–15 as the study subjects. We used the trained key informants (KIs) to do preliminary visual test in the communities and refer those children suspected with blindness or unable to count fingers with both eyes at 5 m to hospital for further examination by paediatric ophthalmologist for causes. The WHO’s definition of BL/SVI was used, as blindness is best-corrected visual acuity worse than 0.05 in better eye and SVI is equal to or better than 0.05 but worse than 0.1 in better eye.ResultsThree hundred and fourteen KIs were trained. In total, 42 children with BL/SVI were found, and among them over half (22, 52.4%) were due to posterior segment disorders by anatomic site and 18 (42.9%) children were potentially preventable; these included BL/SVI caused by factors at children’s development in intrauterine and after birth. This established the prevalence of BL/SVI was at 0.31/1000 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.34/1000).ConclusionA low prevalence of childhood blindness was documented in this study. Establishment of surveillance system for disabled children including those with BL/SVI and better health education on eye care to the public according to the surveillance outcomes would help to reduce avoidable children’s BL/SVI further in China.
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Stetzuhn, Matthias, Timo Tigges, Alexandru Gabriel Pielmus, Claudia Spies, Charlotte Middel, Michael Klum, Sebastian Zaunseder, Reinhold Orglmeister, and Aarne Feldheiser. "Detection of a Stroke Volume Decrease by Machine-Learning Algorithms Based on Thoracic Bioimpedance in Experimental Hypovolaemia." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145066.
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Compensated shock and hypovolaemia are frequent conditions that remain clinically undetected and can quickly cause deterioration of perioperative and critically ill patients. Automated, accurate and non-invasive detection methods are needed to avoid such critical situations. In this experimental study, we aimed to create a prediction model for stroke volume index (SVI) decrease based on electrical cardiometry (EC) measurements. Transthoracic echo served as reference for SVI assessment (SVI-TTE). In 30 healthy male volunteers, central hypovolaemia was simulated using a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber. A machine-learning algorithm based on variables of EC was designed. During LBNP, SVI-TTE declined consecutively, whereas the vital signs (arterial pressures and heart rate) remained within normal ranges. Compared to heart rate (AUC: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87)) and systolic arterial pressure (AUC: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.85)), a model integrating EC variables (AUC: 0.91 (0.83–0.94)) showed a superior ability to predict a decrease in SVI-TTE ≥ 20% (p = 0.013 compared to heart rate, and p = 0.002 compared to systolic blood pressure). Simulated central hypovolaemia was related to a substantial decline in SVI-TTE but only minor changes in vital signs. A model of EC variables based on machine-learning algorithms showed high predictive power to detect a relevant decrease in SVI and may provide an automated, non-invasive method to indicate hypovolaemia and compensated shock.
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Bauer, Cici, Kehe Zhang, Qian Xiao, Jiachen Lu, Young-Rock Hong, and Ryan Suk. "County-Level Social Vulnerability and Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the US, 2018." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 9 (September 27, 2022): e2233429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33429.
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ImportanceArea-level factors have been identified as important social determinants of health (SDoH) that impact many health-related outcomes. Less is known about how the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a scalable composite score, can multidimensionally explain the population-based cancer screening program uptake at a county level.ObjectiveTo examine the geographic variation of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)–recommended breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates and the association between county-level SVI and the 3 screening rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study used county-level information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s PLACES and SVI data sets from 2018 for 3141 US counties. Analyses were conducted from October 2021 to February 2022.ExposuresSocial vulnerability index score categorized in quintiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was county-level rates of USPSTF guideline-concordant, up-to-date breast, cervical, and colorectal screenings. Odds ratios were calculated for each cancer screening by SVI quintile as unadjusted (only accounting for eligible population per county) or adjusted for urban-rural status, percentage of uninsured adults, and primary care physician rate per 100 000 residents.ResultsAcross 3141 counties, county-level cancer screening rates showed regional disparities ranging from 54.0% to 81.8% for breast cancer screening, from 69.9% to 89.7% for cervical cancer screening, and from 39.8% to 74.4% for colorectal cancer screening. The multivariable regression model showed that a higher SVI was significantly associated with lower odds of cancer screening, with the lowest odds in the highest SVI quintile. When comparing the highest quintile of SVI (SVI-Q5) with the lowest quintile of SVI (SVI-Q1), the unadjusted odds ratio was 0.86 (95% posterior credible interval [CrI], 0.84-0.87) for breast cancer screening, 0.80 (95% CrI, 0.79-0.81) for cervical cancer screening, and 0.72 (95% CrI, 0.71-0.73) for colorectal cancer screening. When fully adjusted, the odds ratio was 0.92 (95% CrI, 0.90-0.93) for breast cancer screening, 0.87 (95% CrI, 0.86-0.88) for cervical cancer screening, and 0.86 (95% CrI, 0.85-0.88) for colorectal cancer screening, showing slightly attenuated associations.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, regional disparities were found in cancer screening rates at a county level. Quantifying how SVI associates with each cancer screening rate could provide insight into the design and focus of future interventions targeting cancer prevention disparities.
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Bazán, Pedro Luis, Álvaro Enrique Borri, and Martín Medina. "CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MODIC I SIGN AND IMAGES OF VERTEBRAL INSTABILITY." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 4 (December 2021): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212004250503.
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ABSTRACT The lumbar region is highly affected by degenerative diseases and can be symptomatic as a result of inflammatory processes of the disc or segmental vertebral instability (SVI), according to concepts by White and Panjabi. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dynamic radiographs can be used to evaluate it. Objective: To determine whether images of Modic type I lesions are compatible with radiological vertebral instability. Methods: The MRIs and dynamic radiographs of 100 patients with a mean age of 46.94 years, 65 of whom were women and 35 of whom were men, were studied to evaluate the reaction of endplates according to Modic and SVI at levels L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1. They were divided into 3 groups: A- Modic I and SVI; B- Modic I without SVI; and C- Without Modic I and SVI. Sex, age and type of disc were evaluated. Result: 46 Modic I lesions and 24 cases of SVI were recognized. There were 5 patients in Group A (OR 0.23, p=0.006), 38 in Group B; and 19 in Group C. No direct relationship between age and Modic I and/or SVI was observed. Pfirrmann grade 5 discs are 4.6 times more likely to present a Modic I signal. The most affected disc was L3-L4 for the Modic signal and L4-L5 with respect to the SVI, translational instability being more frequent. Conclusions: Modic type changes, identified by magnetic resonance, are clinically relevant in relation to low back pain, but their presence does not confirm either translational or angular instability. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional cohort.
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Muhit, Mohammad, Tasneem Karim, Johurul Islam, Denny Hardianto, Habibah Setyawati Muhiddin, Setia A. Purwanta, Suhardjo Suhardjo, Doni Widyandana, and Gulam Khandaker. "The epidemiology of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in Indonesia." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 11 (February 6, 2018): 1543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311416.
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BackgroundThe magnitude of blindness among children in Indonesia is unknown. In this study, we aimed to define the magnitude and aetiology of childhood blindness in two parts of Indonesia.MethodChildren aged 0–15 years, identified through key informant method and from special schools and community-based rehabilitation programme in Sumba and Yogyakarta, were assessed following WHO protocol and definitions for ophthalmological assessment and classification of visual impairment and blindness among children.ResultsOut of 195 children assessed, 113 had blindness/severe visual impairment (BL/SVI), 48 had visual impairment (VI) and 34 had no VI. 43.4% children with BL/SVI were female.The main anatomical site of BL/SVI was lens (n=35, 31.0%), followed by retina (n=13, 11.5%) and cornea (n=9, 8.0%). Among the known aetiologies, childhood factors predominated (n=14, 12.4%), followed by hereditary diseases (n=12, 10.6%) where parental consanguinity was found among 33.3% (n=4) of them. Overall, 77.8% (n=88) had avoidable causes of BL/SVI: 69.0% (n=78) treatable and 8.8% (n=10) preventable causes.The estimated prevalence of BL/SVI was 0.25 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.32) and 0.23 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.29) per 1000 children in Sumba and Yogyakarta, respectively. The estimated prevalence of cataract was 0.07 per 1000 children (95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) in Sumba and 0.05 per 1000 children (95% CI 0.03 to 0.09) in Yogyakarta. Based on our conservative estimates, there are 17 241 children with BL/SVI in Indonesia; 4270 are blind due to cataract.ConclusionThe magnitude of childhood BL/SVI in Sumba and Yogyakarta is high. Our study suggests that a large proportion of childhood BL/SVI in Indonesia is avoidable.
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Gay, Jennifer L., Sara W. Robb, Kelsey M. Benson, and Alice White. "Can the Social Vulnerability Index Be Used for More Than Emergency Preparedness? An Examination Using Youth Physical Fitness Data." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 2 (February 2016): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0042.
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Background:The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a publicly available dataset, is used in emergency preparedness to identify communities in greatest need of resources. The SVI includes multiple socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic indicators that also are associated with physical fitness and physical activity. This study examined the utility of using the SVI to explain variation in youth fitness, including aerobic capacity and body mass index.Methods:FITNESSGRAM data from 2,126 Georgia schools were matched at the census tract level with SVI themes of socioeconomic, household composition, minority status and language, and housing and transportation. Multivariate multiple regression models were used to test whether SVI factors explained fitness outcomes, controlling for grade level (ie, elementary, middle, high school) and stratified by gender.Results:SVI themes explained the most variation in aerobic fitness and body mass index for both boys and girls (R2 values 11.5% to 26.6%). Socioeconomic, Minority Status and Language, and Housing and Transportation themes were salient predictors of fitness outcomes.Conclusions:Youth fitness in Georgia was related to socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic themes. The SVI may be a useful needs assessment tool for health officials and researchers examining multilevel influences on health behaviors or identifying communities for prevention efforts.
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Allen, Antoinette, Ashni Nadgauda, Nathanael Koepler, Jessica Meeker, Divya Shah, Mary Regina Boland, Samantha Butts, and Suneeta Senapati. "LBMON236 Investigating The Effect Of Social Vulnerability Index On Fibroid Recurrence And Metabolic Dysfunction." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1344.
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Abstract Fibroids and metabolic dysfunction disproportionately affect women of color. We have previously shown that recurrent fibroids and metabolic dysfunction lead to increased healthcare utilization. The impact of socioeconomic factors on access to care for these women is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate the social vulnerability indices of women with fibroids with and without metabolic dysfunction, and determine the association of social vulnerability with fibroid recurrence. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 918 geocoded patients who underwent myomectomy at a tertiary health care system. The primary exposure was the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage developed by the CDC with four thematic subgroups (socioeconomic status, household composition, Race/Ethnicity/Language, and Housing/Transportation). The primary outcome was clinically significant fibroid recurrence after initial myomectomy, defined as symptomatic fibroids requiring re-imaging or surgery. SVI was analyzed as an overall score and by quartiles. Models were adjusted for age, race, and insurance status, with metabolic dysfunction analyzed separately as a covariate. Patients were classified as having metabolic dysfunction (MD) if they met any 2 of 5 WHO or NCEP ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome with BMI as proxy for waist circumference. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests and logistic regression were used to determine the association of SVI with fibroid recurrence. The mean SVI score for the cohort was 0.58 (SD 0.31). Mean SVI scores for patients with and without clinically significant fibroid recurrence were similar at 0.56 (SD 0.30) and 0.57 (SD 0.30), respectively. There remained no association between mean SVI score and odds of fibroid recurrence in adjusted models (OR 0.35, CI 0.10-1.24, p 0.11). Notably, there was a decreased rate of radiologic fibroid recurrence in the highest quartile of SVI (p=0. 011) and an increased rate in the third quartile (p=0. 015). When isolating the individual themes of the SVI index, there was a significant decrease in surgical and radiologic fibroid recurrence in individuals with the highest quartile of minority and language vulnerability (p=0. 03). The odds of metabolic dysfunction increased by 2.9 with each unit increase in SVI (OR 2.85, CI 1.34-6. 07, p 0. 006) after adjusting for age, race, and insurance status. We report that while patients with a higher SVI have increased risk of metabolic dysfunction, this does not translate to higher rates of clinical significant fibroid recurrence. Higher SVI is associated with lower resourced settings and reduced access to care and can therefore be used as a starting point for public health policy. SVI should be considered when studying fibroids, and may illuminate potential barriers in access to care for fibroid recurrence in patients with a history of myomectomy. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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Cristi-Montero, Carlos, Jessica Ibarra-Mora, Anelise Gaya, Jose Castro-Piñero, Patricio Solis-Urra, Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Gerson Ferrari, Fernando Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Kabir P. Sadarangani. "Could Physical Fitness Be Considered as a Protective Social Factor Associated with Bridging the Cognitive Gap Related to School Vulnerability in Adolescents? The Cogni-Action Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 10073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910073.
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The first aim was to compare differences between school vulnerability groups, fitness levels, and their combination in adolescent cognitive performance. The second aim was to determine the mediation role of fitness in the association between school vulnerability and cognitive performance. A total of 912 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years participated in this study. The school vulnerability index (SVI) assigned by the Chilean Government was categorized into high-, mid-, or low-SVI. Adolescents were classified as fit or unfit according to their global fitness z-score computed from their cardiorespiratory (CRF), muscular (MF), and speed/agility fitness (SAF) adjusted for age and sex. A global cognitive score was estimated through eight tasks based on a neurocognitive battery. Covariance and mediation analyses were performed, adjusted for sex, schools, body mass index, and peak high velocity. Independent analyses showed that the higher SVI, the lower the cognitive performance (F(6,905) = 18.5; p < 0.001). Conversely, fit adolescents presented a higher cognitive performance than their unfit peers (F(5,906) = 8.93; p < 0.001). The combined analysis found cognitive differences between fit and unfit adolescents in both the high- and mid-SVI levels (Cohen’s d = 0.32). No differences were found between fit participants belonging to higher SVI groups and unfit participants belonging to lower SVI groups. Mediation percentages of 9.0%, 5.6%, 7.1%, and 2.8% were observed for the global fitness score, CRF, MF, and SAF, respectively. The mediation effect was significant between low- with mid-high-SVI levels but not between mid- and high-SVI levels. These findings suggest that an adequate physical fitness level should be deemed a protective social factor associated with bridging the cognitive gap linked to school vulnerability in adolescents. This favourable influence seems to be most significant in adolescents belonging to a more adverse social background.
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Minners, Jan, and Nikolaus Jander. "Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Gradienten: Wann ist die Stenose tatsächlich schwer und wer profitiert vom Klappenersatz?" Aktuelle Kardiologie 7, no. 01 (February 2018): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-100364.
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ZusammenfassungDie Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Druckgradienten bezeichnet eine Konstellation, bei der in der echokardiografischen Basisdiagnostik eine Aortenöffnungsfläche (AÖF) < 1,0 cm² und ein mittlerer Druckgradient ≤ 40 mmHg gefunden werden und der Schweregrad somit nicht sicher eingeordnet werden kann. Die neuen Leitlinien und echokardiografischen Empfehlungen stellen erstmals den Schlagvolumenindex (SVI) ins Zentrum der weiteren Differenzierung. Der SVI dient der Entdeckung einer – nicht immer auf den ersten Blick erkennbaren – Pumpfunktionsstörung, die einen relativ niedrigen Druckgradienten bei schwerer Aortenstenose erklären könnte. Die echokardiografische Bestimmung des SVI ist allerdings fehleranfällig und stützt sich auf Parameter, die auch schon für die Bestimmung der AÖF verwendet werden. Deshalb müssen diese Messungen sorgfältig überprüft und der Befund einer hochgradigen Aortenstenose bei erniedrigtem SVI durch Zusatzuntersuchungen bekräftigt werden. Bestätigt sich der Befund einer schweren Stenose, ist auch bei niedrigem Druckgradienten in symptomatischen Patienten – sowohl bei erhaltener als auch reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion – ein Klappenersatz indiziert. Bei Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Druckgradienten und normalem SVI liegt hingegen keine hochgradige Stenose vor und rechtfertigt eine weitere konservative Therapie.
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Lu, Kai, and Sergio Chávez-Pérez. "3D supervirtual refraction interferometry." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): Q1—Q10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0097.1.
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We have developed the theory and practice of 3D supervirtual interferometry (SVI) for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of refraction arrivals in 3D data. Unlike 2D SVI, 3D SVI requires an extra integration along the inline direction to compute the stationary source-receiver pairs for enhanced stacking of the refraction events. The result is a significant increase in the S/N of first arrivals in the far-offset traces. We have evaluated 3D synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. For the synthetic data tests, SVI has extended the source-receiver offset range of pickable traces from 11 to 15 km. In the field data example, SVI has extended the source-receiver offset of traces with pickable first-arrival traveltimes from 12 km to a maximum of 18 km, and the total number of reliable traveltime picks has increased by 12%, which contributes to a deeper velocity update in the traveltime tomogram.
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Zhang, Wan You, Xin Yan Wang, and Li Juan Xi. "Effect of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Operation of Membrane Bioreactor." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.491.
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In order to study the relationship between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and membrane fouling, the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated in this paper. The operation of membrane was analyzed by evaluating sludge volume index (SVI), modified fouling index (MFI), and membrane resistance (Rt), respectively. The results showed that SVI, MFI, and Rt increased with the accumulation of EPS, and membrane fouling aggravated with the increase of EPS, this illustrated that the content of EPS had a direct influence on SVI, MFI, Rt and membrane fouling. The consequences could offer a simple method to monitor the concentration of EPS by analyzing SVI, MFI, or Rt.
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Wang, Chun-Yan, Lu-Chuan Ceng, Long He, Hui-Ying Hu, Tu-Yan Zhao, Dan-Qiong Wang, and Hong-Ling Fan. "On the Parallel Subgradient Extragradient Rule for Solving Systems of Variational Inequalities in Hadamard Manifolds." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081496.
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In a Hadamard manifold, let the VIP and SVI represent a variational inequality problem and a system of variational inequalities, respectively, where the SVI consists of two variational inequalities which are of symmetric structure mutually. This article designs two parallel algorithms to solve the SVI via the subgradient extragradient approach, where each algorithm consists of two parts which are of symmetric structure mutually. It is proven that, if the underlying vector fields are of monotonicity, then the sequences constructed by these algorithms converge to a solution of the SVI. We also discuss applications of these algorithms for approximating solutions to the VIP. Our theorems complement some recent and important ones in the literature.
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Li, Xue Song, Meng Zhao, and Mei Zhang. "A Comparative Research on Sludge Properties under Different Wastewater Quality Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.467.
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Objective: to explore the wastewater quality conditions which made sludge bulk easily, and the sludge properties when sludge bulking happened. Methods: wastewater was treated by SBR process, and sludge volume index (SVI) in different wastewater quality conditions was determined by controlling water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH value. Conclusion: under low temperature conditions, effect of DO concentration on SVI was great; and the lower DO concentration, the more serious sludge bulking. But pH value had less effect on SVI, and only mild filamentous sludge bulking happened on activated sludge at low pH value (pH=6.0-6.5). Moreover, SVI tended to be steady at late period of operation, and the average was 203 mL/g.
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Gaw, L. Y., S. Chen, Y. S. Chow, K. Lee, and F. Biljecki. "COMPARING STREET VIEW IMAGERY AND AERIAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W3-2022 (October 14, 2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w3-2022-49-2022.
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Abstract. Street view imagery (SVI) has gained prominence in the past decade, offering a new perspective to map and understand cities. It supports numerous studies in the built environment, by replacing or supplementing aerial and satellite imagery, where some studies have not yet been possible with traditional platforms and have now been enabled for the first time thanks to the increasing volume of SVI data. However, the two perspectives are often disconnected and there has not been an overarching paper to discuss the pros and cons of each. We provide an overview outlining and discussing the role of SVI in GIS and urban studies spanning six use cases. Our discourse is supported by a systematic literature review of more than 100 papers and our own experiments that reveal the added value and challenges of SVI in extracting information on buildings and other urban features, an increasingly important use case. We find that the key advantages of SVI over aerial imagery are that it represents more closely how streetscapes are perceived by people and that it enables extracting certain information that otherwise cannot be gathered from top-down perspectives. However, the spatial coverage of SVI tends to be limited to the vicinity of driveable roads, and its temporal coverage is comparatively sparse.
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Locklear, Clarence, Peng Jin, Azizi Seixas, Anthony Briggs, April Rogers, Arlener Turner, Judite Blanc, and Girardin Jean-Louis. "0620 Is SVI a Risk Factor for Sleep and Cardiometabolic Health Among Blacks?" Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A271—A272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.617.
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Abstract Introduction The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a novel metric that incorporates a multitude of population factors to predict the susceptibility of communities to deleterious effects of disaster, natural hazards, and environmental insult. Studies show socioeconomic status (SES), an important component of SVI, is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and sleep quality. Objectives: This study examined the effect of SVI on cardiometabolic and sleep health among Blacks. Methods We utilized harmonized data extracted from two NIH-funded studies enrolling Blacks (i.e., MetSO and PEERS-ED registries). Participants (N=1,497) included New York residents; 65% were male, with a mean(SD) age of 55(±16.2). Data were collected via self-reports (e.g., ARES questionnaire) for sleep quality/duration and cardiometabolic factors (e.g., weight and diet). SVI components included SES, household composition, minority status, and housing type. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were applied, which assessed the effect of SVI and its many subcomponents on each health-related variable of interest. The model was adjusted for age, sex, and education to account for the effects of these factors overlapping in the SVI subcomponents. Results Approximately 81% of the sample population was obese, 37.9% were diabetic, 62.3% had a history of hypertension, and 18.4% with a heart disease. Regarding sleep health, 7.7% suffered from sleep apnea, 66.6% were short sleepers, 6.64% were long sleepers, and 14.2% reported insomnia. They had a mean(SD) sleep time of 5.92(±2.05) hours. “Overall SVI” was associated with hypertension (OR=3.98) and “housing type & transport” was correlated with heart disease (OR=4.44) prior to adjusting the model. Applying the adjusted model, “minority status & language” predicts obesity (OR=5.32). Also, “overall SVI” and “SES” were associated with diabetes (OR=3.26; OR=2.71) and hypertension (OR=4.00; OR=3.95). “Household composition” approaches significance as a predictor for sleep apnea (unadjusted - OR=0.26; adjusted - OR=0.26) despite the relatively low case proportion. Conclusion SVI seems to be a good indicator of cardiometabolic health among Blacks. However, it is likely a poor marker for sleep health in that population, although trends were observed suggesting that it might play an important role. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of SVI on sleep health among Blacks. Support (If Any) R01HL142066, R01HL095799, RO1MD004113, R01HL152453
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Kreft, Daniel, Gabriele Doblhammer, Rudolf F. Guthoff, and Stefanie Frech. "Incidence, individual, and macro level risk factors of severe binocular visual impairment and blindness in persons aged 50 and older." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0251018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251018.
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Objective This study aims to estimate the incidence of severe binocular vision impairment and blindness (SVI/B) and to identify eye diseases and regional risk factors of persons with SVI/B at ages 50 years and older. Methods We designed an observational cohort study based on longitudinal, multifactorial, and administrative information of a random sample of 250,000 persons at ages 50+. All individuals were included in the process-produced health claims register of the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse in 2004, and were followed until 2015. We analyzed ten selected eye diseases and regional characteristics as risk factors for SVI/B using Cox models, adjusting for demographic characteristics and multi-morbidity. Results The age-standardized incidence was 79 new diagnoses of SVI/B per 100,000 person-years (95%-CI: 76-82); 77 for males (72-82) and 81 for females (77-85). By adjusting for multiple factors, the model revealed and confirmed that individuals who were very old (Hazard ratio90+: 6.67; 3.59-12.71), male (1.18; 1.01-1.38), had multi-morbidities (three+ diseases: 3.36; 2.51-4.49), or had diabetes (1.26; 1.07-1.49) had an increased risk of SVI/B. Compared to persons without the particular eye disease (all p<0.001), persons diagnosed with secondary glaucoma had a multiple-adjusted 4.66 times (3.17-6.85) higher risk, those with retinal vascular occlusion had a 4.51 times (3.27-6.23) higher risk, and those with angle-closure glaucoma had a 4.22 times (2.60-6.85) higher risk. Population density was not a risk factor, while persons living in wealthier regions had 0.75 times (p=0.003) to 0.70 times (p<0.001) the risk of SVI/B than persons in the least wealthy regions of Germany. Conclusion The study revealed and confirmed some profound risk factors of SVI/B at both the individual and the macro level. The sizes of the effects of the characteristics of the living context were smaller than those of the individual characteristics, especially for some severe eye diseases. While urbanity and access to health services had no effect, regional economic wealth was a risk factor for SVI/B. Future health care measures and advice by physicians should take these dimensions of inequalities in SVI/B into account.
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Azimi, Vahid, and Christopher Farnsworth. "Effect of an Automated Hemoglobin A1c Reflex on Socioeconomic Disparities in Testing Frequency and Glycemic Control." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 158, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.028.
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Abstract The American Diabetes Association recommends semiannual hemoglobin A1c (A1c) testing for diabetic patients with stable glycemic control and quarterly testing for patients with a change in therapy or who do not meet A1c goals. To aid in achieving this goal our laboratory performs an automated, add-on A1c test for any diabetic and hospitalized patient with no A1c ordered in the previous 60 days. The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of an automated reflex on A1c testing frequency and glycemic control. Our second aim was to determine socioeconomic differences of reflexed A1c testing. All A1c results performed by the BJH laboratory from 5/1/2016-1/22/22 and associated patient demographics were retrieved from the laboratory information system. Patient addresses were geocoded, and a CDC-validated social vulnerability index (SVI) was assigned to each patient based on their census tract of residence. Patients were then stratified in the bottom SVI half (most vulnerable) and the upper SVI half (least vulnerable). A total of 32,861 A1c’s were performed on 17,699 patients, 6,341 of whom had >1 test. 2,952 (46.6%) patients had at least one reflexed A1c (add-on group). The median average time between A1c tests was 144.4 days in the add-on group and 209.0 days in the no add-on group (p<0.001). The average time between A1c tests for patients in the add-on group in the bottom SVI half was 143.8 days vs. 145.3 days in the top SVI half (p=0.84). In contrast, the median average time between A1c tests for patients in the no add-on group in the bottom SVI half was 215.5 days and was 199.5 days in the top SVI half (p<0.05). The number of patients with A1c in the uncontrolled range (A1c =9%) decreased by 11.5% in the add-on group compared to 1.7% in the no add-on group (p<0.001). In those with add-on testing, the proportion of patients in the bottom SVI with initial A1c =9% and a longitudinal decrease in A1c was 11.3% compared to 11.9% in the top SVI half (p=0.39). In the no add-ons group, the proportion of patients with A1c =9% increased by 3.3% in the bottom SVI and decreased by 12.1% in the top SVI (p=0.01). A socioeconomic disparity is observed in A1c testing frequency and rates of uncontrolled diabetes over time for patients without add-on testing, but not for patients with add-on testing. Automatic add-on testing for hospitalized diabetic patients may reduce socioeconomic disparities in A1c testing frequency and glycemic control.
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Dang, Nhu, Michael Cradeur, Katherine Zeven, Mihir Khunte, Soryan Kumar, Daniel Marino, Michelle Kwon, et al. "INVESTIGATING THE USE OF THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITY INDEX TO PREDICT HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (January 26, 2023): S43—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.080.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Social factors such as race, education, and financial hardships have been shown to affect health outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although early identification of socially vulnerable patients is critical for targeted interventions, it is still limited by screening tools that are incomprehensive and time-consuming. We investigate the utility of the social vulnerability index (SVI), a census tract-specific measure estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for predicting patients' healthcare utilization, based on 15 different social determinant variables including employment, housing, and transportation. METHODS We reviewed the electronic health records and surveys of patients with IBD at a private community practice enrolled in IBD Qorus Learning Health System, a national quality improvement consortium, from 2016-2021. Each patient's home address was mapped to an SVI value, ranging from 0 to 1 and increasing as the patient's vulnerability increased. An SVI was considered low if it was less than the median SVI and high if it was greater than or equal to the median SVI. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the relationship between SVI and healthcare utilization (IBD-related ED visit/hospitalization, urgent message*, and CT scan use), controlling for potential confounders such as IBD subtype, baseline clinical disease activity, physician global assessment, steroid use, and six-months-prior IBD-related ED visit/hospitalization and CT scan use. The “survival time” was defined as the time from when the patient first joined the program to IBD-related healthcare utilization events, loss of follow-up in the electronic health records, or the end of the study period, whichever occurred earliest. RESULTS Among 280 eligible patients, the median SVI was 0.288 (IQR 0.121-0.433) (Figure 1). Among the low SVI group, 16.4% experienced an IBD-related ED visit/hospitalization, 20.0% sent an urgent message, and 10.0% received a CT scan. Among the high SVI group, 23.6% experienced an IBD-related ED visit/hospitalization, 26.4% sent an urgent message, and 12.9% received a CT scan. High and low SVI groups (reference) were not significantly different in their healthcare utilization: ED visit/hospitalization (HR 1.66 [95% CI 0.96-2.89]), sending an urgent message (HR 1.62 [95% CI 0.94-2.70]), and CT scan use (HR 2.31 [95% CI 0.98-5.47]), after adjusting for confounders (Table 1). CONCLUSION IBD-related healthcare utilization was not associated with social vulnerability at the census tract level in this cohort. The lack of statistical significance was likely due to the cohort’s low sample size and lack of demographic variability (92% white and 96.8% non-Hispanic). Additional research with a larger and more diverse sample may help clarify the association between SVI and outcomes.
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Li, Yongchang, Li Peng, Chengwei Wu, and Jiazhen Zhang. "Street View Imagery (SVI) in the Built Environment: A Theoretical and Systematic Review." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081167.
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Street view imagery (SVI) provides efficient access to data that can be used to research spatial quality at the human scale. The previous reviews have mainly focused on specific health findings and neighbourhood environments. There has not been a comprehensive review of this topic. In this paper, we systematically review the literature on the application of SVI in the built environment, following a formal innovation–decision framework. The main findings are as follows: (I) SVI remains an effective tool for automated research assessments. This offers a new research avenue to expand the built environment-measurement methods to include perceptions in addition to physical features. (II) Currently, SVI is functional and valuable for quantifying the built environment, spatial sentiment perception, and spatial semantic speculation. (III) The significant dilemmas concerning the adoption of this technology are related to image acquisition, the image quality, spatial and temporal distribution, and accuracy. (IV) This research provides a rapid assessment and provides researchers with guidance for the adoption and implementation of SVI. Data integration and management, proper image service provider selection, and spatial metrics measurements are the critical success factors. A notable trend is the application of SVI towards a focus on the perceptions of the built environment, which provides a more refined and effective way to depict urban forms in terms of physical and social spaces.
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Nestler, Sophia, Daniel Kreft, Gabriele Doblhammer, Rudolf F. Guthoff, and Stefanie Frech. "Progression to severe visual impairment and blindness in POAG patients: pace and risk factors—a cohort study using German health claims data." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 7, no. 1 (January 2022): e000838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000838.
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ObjectiveGlaucoma is a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/B) worldwide. Hence, it is of utmost importance to explore relevant risk factors and study the pace of progression to SVI/B.Methods and analysisWe used a random sample of 250 000 persons from administrative individual-level health records of the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen between 2004 and 2015. We identified 3535 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients aged 55 and older and followed them for up to 10 years. Monocular and binocular SVI/B were defined by the ICD-10 classifications H54.0 and H54.4. Ophthalmological and chronic disease risk factors were analysed by applying a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsThe risk of SVI/B in POAG patients was significantly increased by the presence of specific additional eye diseases such as secondary glaucoma (HR: 3.08, p<0.001), retinal vascular occlusion (HR: 3.00, p<0.001) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (HR: 2.26, p<0.001). The risk was highest in the first 2 years after the POAG diagnosis and significantly decreased after the fifth year (HR: 0.36, p=0.002). Ocular injuries, other ocular diseases, non-ophthalmological comorbidities, and age and sex had no significant influence (p>0.05).ConclusionAlthough progression to SVI/B is relatively rare in POAG patients in Germany, one must be aware of additional risk factors, such as secondary glaucoma, retinal vascular occlusion and AMD. Regular ophthalmological examinations help prevent the progression of SVI/B, especially in the first years after the POAG diagnosis. Specific, targeted, and timely treatments for the other eye diseases could help prevent or delay SVI/B.
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Hall, William A., Nick Fishbane, Yang Liu, Melody J. Xu, Elai Davicioni, Brandon A. Mahal, Robert B. Den, et al. "Development and Validation of a Genomic Tool to Predict Seminal Vesicle Invasion in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 4 (October 2020): 1228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.20.00013.
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PURPOSE Pretreatment estimates of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are challenging and significantly influence the management of prostate cancer. We sought to improve current models to predict SVI through the development of an SVI prediction genomic signature. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 15,889 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with available baseline clinical, pathology, and transcriptome data were retrieved from the GRID registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02609269 ) and other retrospective cohorts. These data were divided into a training (n = 6,766), test (n = 3,363), and two validation (n = 5,062 and 698) cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the predictive effect of the genomic SVI (gSVI) classifier in the presence of established nomograms (Partin Tables and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]). RESULTS In the training cohort, univariable filtering identified 2,132 genes that were differentially expressed between RP tumors with and without SVI. Model parameters were tuned to maximize the area under the curve (AUC) in the testing cohort, resulting in a logistic generalized linear model with 581 genes. The gSVI model scores range from 0 to 1. In the first validation set, gSVI showed superior discrimination of patients with and without SVI at RP compared with other prognostic signatures trained to predict distant metastasis or clinical recurrence. Of the 698 patients in the second validation set, gSVI combined with the MSKCC nomogram had a superior AUC (0.86) compared with either nomogram individually (0.81). CONCLUSION The gSVI represents a novel and validated expression signature to predict the presence of SVI before treatment with surgery. This genomic tool adds discriminatory power to existing clinical predictive nomograms and may help with pretreatment counseling and decision making.
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Gatheral, Jim, and Antoine Jacquier. "Convergence of Heston to SVI." Quantitative Finance 11, no. 8 (August 2011): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2010.550931.
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Gatheral, Jim, and Antoine Jacquier. "Arbitrage-free SVI volatility surfaces." Quantitative Finance 14, no. 1 (September 11, 2013): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2013.819986.
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Onoue, Takeshi, Mai Iwataki, Masaru Araki, Hideaki Itoh, Akihiro Isotani, Hiromi Umeda, Shota Fukuda, et al. "Insights into the mechanism of paradoxical low-flow, low-pressure gradient severe aortic stenosis: association with reduced O2 consumption by the whole body." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): H840—H848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00715.2018.
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The mechanism of reduced stroke volume index (SVi) in paradoxical low-flow, low-pressure gradient (PLFLPG) aortic stenosis (AS) remains unclarified. Guyton et al. ( 21 ) demonstrated that SVi is determined by whole body O2 consumption (V̇o2) in many subjects, including patients with heart disease. We hypothesized that reduced SVi in PLFLPG AS is associated with reduced V̇o2 by the whole body. This study investigated the relationship between V̇o2, SVi, and AS severity in patients with AS to examine the association between reduced V̇o2 and PLFLPG AS. In 59 patients (24 men and 35 women, mean age: 78 ± 7 yr old) with severe AS, SVi, AS severity, and type were evaluated by echocardiography, and V̇o2 was measured by the fraction of O2 in expired gases. SVi and V̇o2 were significantly decreased in 20 patients with PLFLPG AS compared with 39 patients with non-PLFLPG AS (30 ± 4 vs. 41 ± 7 ml/m2 and 2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.5 ml·min−1·kg−1, respectively, P < 0.01). The SVi-to-V̇o2 ratio was not different between the two groups (13.1 ± 2.6 vs. 13.6 ± 2.1, not significant). SVi was independently correlated with V̇o2 ( r = 0.74, P < 0.01) but not with the aortic valve area index. Categorized PLFLPG AS was also significantly associated with reduced V̇o2 ( P < 0.001). PLFLPG AS is associated with reduced V̇o2 by the whole body, which may offer insights into the mechanism of PLFLPG AS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Paradoxical low-flow, low-pressure gradient severe aortic stenosis (PLFLPG AS) is an important and problematic subtype, and its central pathophysiology with reduced stroke volume is yet to be clarified. We hypothesized and subsequently clarified that reduced stroke volume in PLFLPG AS is associated with reduced O2 consumption by the whole body. This study suggests important insights into the mechanism of PLFLPG AS and may further promote studies to investigate further mechanisms and novel treatment.
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Lai, Kristina, and Peter A. Lane. "Social Vulnerability Is Associated with Emergency Department Dependency in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease Patients." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125351.
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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by significant, largely unpredictable heterogeneity in disease severity and healthcare utilization. The contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and other environmental factors to this heterogeneity is poorly understood. In other disorders, SES is a major influence on healthcare quality and access, which can be affected by financial status, social stability, transportation, household overcrowding, and other variables. The multiplicative nature of these factors limits the ability to incorporate them in a single measure. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was created by CDC to assist disaster management officials in identifying the locations of their most socially vulnerable populations (https://svi.cdc.gov/). SVI combines many of the SES factors that may contribute to disease severity and healthcare utilization. SVI has previously been validated for use assessing chronic conditions such as asthma, youth inactivity, and BMI. Thus, we hypothesized that SVI is associated with SCD-related severity and utilization. This analysis explores the relationship between census tract level social vulnerability and healthcare utilization in pediatric SCD patients. Methods: The Children's Healthcare of Atlanta's (CHOA) SCD Clinical Database houses a large, population-based cohort of pediatric sickle cell patients. It includes laboratory-confirmed SCD genotype, treatment history, and healthcare utilization for over 3,500 patients from 2010-2018. The database was queried for patients who had ≥1 SCD-related healthcare encounter from 2016-2018 and whose most recent address was in a metro Atlanta county. Addresses were geocoded and matched to CDC's SVI at the census tract level. The SVI combines 15 measures from the US Census and groups them into four related themes - SES, Household Composition & Disability, Minority Status & Language, and Housing & Transportation , which are combined into a percentile ranking of overall social vulnerability ranging from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest). Patients were categorized by sickle cell anemia (SCA) genotypes (SS or Sβ0 Thalassemia) vs. other. Healthcare utilization was used to calculate the emergency department dependency ratio (EDR, ratio of ED visits to sum of ED and SCD clinic visits) and total inpatient days for acute illness as a measure of disease severity. As reported in previous studies, EDR was classified as high (>=0.33) or low (<0.33). SVI, age, and annual inpatient days were included as continuous variables. A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between SVI and EDR. SCA vs. other SCD genotypes, age, and total inpatient days were included as covariates and a backwards selection was used to find the best model. Results: Of the 2,578 active patients from 2016 to 2018, 1,328 met inclusion criteria. Mean age at the end of each measurement year was 10.0 years (SD=5.6), 47.7% were female, and 62.0% had SCA genotypes. Average inpatient days was 3.2 (SD=8.3). Average SVI was 0.50 (SD=0.28) and average EDR was 0.29 (SD=0.29); 44.8% of which were classified as high. All covariates were significant in the multivariate model. In the crude model, SVI was significantly associated with high EDR (OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.66). After controlling for inpatient length of stay, age, and genotype, SVI remained positively associated with high EDR (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.44). Of the covariates, total hospital days (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.32) was associated with a higher EDR. Older age (OR=0.97, 95% CI (0.96, 0.99) and SCA genotype (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.35-0.48), were negatively associated with high EDR. After controlling for SCA genotype, age, and length of stay, a 1 unit increase in SVI was associated with 85% greater odds of having a high EDR. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates a significant relationship between SVI and EDR. Further analyses will assess the effect of distance to emergency department, treatment with hydroxyurea or chronic transfusions, and individual themes within SVI to further elucidate this relationship. A limitation of this analysis is that encounters were limited to those occurring at a CHOA facility. Overall, the results support our hypothesis that high social vulnerability is associated with increased reliance on the emergency department for care and that SVI may be a predictor of disease severity and increased healthcare utilization. Disclosures Lane: NHLBI: Research Funding; CDC: Research Funding; GA Dept: Other: Contract for newborn screeninjg follow-up services services; Bio Products Laboratory: Other: Sickle Cell Advisory Board; FORMA Therapeutics: Other: Clinical Advisory Board.
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Ke, Jingbin, Chuan Liu, Shiyong Yu, Shizhu Bian, Chen Zhang, Jie Yang, Jihang Zhang, et al. "Low Stroke Volume Index in Healthy Young Men Is Associated with the Incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness after an Ascent by Airplane: A Case-Control Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 10, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6028747.
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Background. The aims of this study were to explore the characteristics of left ventricular (LV) functional changes in subjects with or without acute mountain sickness (AMS) and their associations with AMS incidence. Methods. A total of 589 healthy men were enrolled and took a trip from Chengdu (500 m, above sea level (asl)) to Lhasa (3700 m, asl) by airplane. Basic characteristics, physiological data, and echocardiographic parameters were collected both at Chengdu and Lhasa, respectively. AMS was identified by the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score. Results. The oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-systolic volume index, end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), stroke volume index (SVi), E-wave velocity, and E/A ratio were decreased, whereas the heart rate (HR), ejection fraction, cardiac index (CI), and A-wave velocity were increased at the third day after arrival, as evaluated by an oximeter and echocardiography. However, AMS patients showed higher HR and lower EDVi, SVi, CI, E-wave velocity, and E/A ratio than AMS-free subjects. Among them, SVi, which is mainly correlated with the changes of EDVi and altered LV filling pattern, was the most valuable factor associated with AMS incidence following receiver-operator characteristic curves and linear and Poisson regression. Compared with subjects in the highest SVi tertile, subjects in the middle SVi tertile showed higher multivariable Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) for AMS with higher incidences of mild headache and gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas subjects in the lowest SVi tertile showed even higher multivariable IRR with higher incidences of all the symptoms. Conclusions. This relatively large-scale case-control study revealed that the reduction of SVi correlated with the altered LV filling pattern was associated with the incidence and clinical severity of AMS.
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Moyano, Daniela, Zarina Forclaz, Raúl M. Chaparro, Akram Hernández-Vásquez, and Nilda R. Perovic. "Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study." F1000Research 7 (October 9, 2018): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16273.1.
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Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a high SVI and non-performance of socialization activities, the OR was 1.99 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.28-3.12). The association between high SVI and non-use of ICT gave an OR of 14.17 (p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 5.13-39.17), and between high SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 21.89 (p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 7.50-63.88). Conclusions: A high SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.
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Moyano, Daniela, Zarina Forclaz, Raúl M. Chaparro, Akram Hernández-Vásquez, and Nilda R. Perovic. "Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study." F1000Research 7 (October 12, 2018): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16273.2.
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Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a high SVI and non-performance of socialization activities, the OR was 1.99 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.28-3.12). The association between high SVI and non-use of ICT gave an OR of 14.17 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.13-39.17), and between high SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 21.89 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.50-63.88). Conclusions: A high SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.
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Karzai, W., J. M. Reilly, W. D. Hoffman, R. E. Cunnion, R. L. Danner, S. M. Banks, J. E. Parrillo, and C. Natanson. "Hemodynamic effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and fluids in a dog model of sepsis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): H692—H702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.2.h692.
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To study how sepsis affects hemodynamic responses to catecholamines and fluids, either Escherichia coli-infected (septic, n = 8) or sterile (controls, n = 6) fibrin clots were implanted intraperitoneally into 2-yr-old beagles. Hemodynamics were measured at each of four doses of dopamine (0, 5, 10, and 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and norepinephrine (0, 10, 20, and 40 micrograms.min-1), before and after infusion of fluid (Ringer 40 ml.kg-1). Septic animals had lower mean arterial pressure (MAP, P = 0.04), stroke volume index (SVI, P = 0.0001), and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) (P = 0.0001) than controls. During this time, increasing doses of dopamine and norepinephrine produced corresponding increases (P < 0.001) in LVEF, SVI, and MAP. However, during sepsis, the ability of dopamine to increase MAP diminished, while its ability to increase LVEF and SVI was maintained. Conversely, the ability of norepinephrine to increase LVEF and SVI diminished, but its ability to increase MAP was maintained. During sepsis, fluids alone increased (P < 0.05) MAP, LVEF, SVI, and cardiac index (CI). Fluids with catecholamines also significantly increased (P < 0.05) MAP with only minimal increases in LVEF, SVI, and CI. These data demonstrate that during sepsis without catecholamines, fluids improve cardiac performance and systemic pressures, but with catecholamines, fluids have minimal effects on cardiac performance and augment MAP. Furthermore, during sepsis dopamine is more effective than norepinephrine in increasing LV performance, but norepinephrine is more effective than dopamine in increasing systemic pressures.