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Journal articles on the topic 'SVG'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Čerba, Otakar. "SVG v kartografii." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 1 (December 17, 2006): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.1.12.

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V červenci 2005 se ve španělském městě A Coruña konala dvacátá druhá Mezinárodní kartografická konference. Ve svém příspěvku definoval předseda Komise pro mapy a internet Mezinárodní kartografické asociace (Commission on Maps and the Internet, International Cartographic Association / Association Cartographique Internationale) Prof. Michael P. Peterson čtyři základní směry, kterými by se měl ubírat výzkum v oblasti digitální kartografie v prostředí internetu:<br />Internet Map Use,Internet Map Delivery,Internet Multimedia Mapping,Internet Mobile Mapping.<br />Cílem tohoto příspěvku je ukázat SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) jako pravoplatného člena rodiny technologií pro tvorbu digitálních map, konkrétně pro tzv. Internet Mapping. Jednotlivé části se věnují představení SVG, možnostem využívání SVG v současné kartografii s přihlédnutím k bodům z výše uvedeného seznamu, přednostem a nedostatkům současné verze SVG a také různého aplikakčního software. Článek také obsahuje výčet možností tvorby map ve formátu SVG, včetně jejich stručného zhodnocení.

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2

Herman, Ivan, and Daniel Dardailler. "SVG Linearization and Accessibility." Computer Graphics Forum 21, no. 4 (December 2002): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00635.

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3

Ying, Xiang, Xiaoning Wang, and Ying He. "Saddle vertex graph (SVG)." ACM Transactions on Graphics 32, no. 6 (November 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508363.2508379.

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4

Shi, Xin Chun, Wei Zhang, and Pei Ran Liu. "Study on SVG Simulation with the Voltage and Current Dual Closed-Loop PWM Control Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.1265.

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This paper first introduced the SVG main circuit and the basic principles of SVG, then finished SVG modeling in dq coordinate process. Then an SVG direct current control method was proposed as well. Considering stability requirement to the DC side voltage, the paper designed voltage and current dual closed-loop PWM control system. Finally, SVG system was simulated using the Matlab/simulink. Results show that SVG has a good dynamic performance, verifying the correctness and validity of the dual closed-loop control.

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Bai, Cong Yu, Ying Nan Wang, Zhe Ren, and Shu Han Wang. "A Study on Outdoor SVG Overheat Capacity Reduction Control Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1639.

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Outdoor SVG is the SVG that is derived from conventional SVG, and can be used on sites of limited space. After repeated technical upgrading, this kind of SVG is functioning more and more stably, and is well received by clients. However, since the internal space of outdoor SVG is greatly compressed, and overheat trip still occurs in “extreme environment”. Because the “extreme environment” is just occasional, increase in number or power of fans will greatly increase equipment cost and failure points, most SVG manufacturers are not willing to adopt this strategy. In this paper, the outdoor SVG “overheat capacity reduction” control strategy based on wireless bluetooth humidity and temperature monitoring system is proposed, which ensures that the equipment can run safely in “extreme environment”, saving labor and materials remarkably.

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6

Liu, Zheng Dao, De Sheng Xi, Qiang Liu, Lei Shi, Shu Han Wang, Ji Hao Wang, and Jia Yong Chen. "Impact of Connecting Reactor on Stable Operation of Chain SVG Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.794.

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Chain SVG device is connected to the power grid via the reactor which is also referred to as connection reactor. Compared with other reactors of reactive compensation devices, It’s not like the serial filtering reactor which simply provides a specific quantity of inductive reactive power, or parallel phase control reactor which provides continuously adjustable inductive reactive power. The connection reactor in SVG is related to the impact of SVG on the power grid, the impact of the power grid system on SVG, and in particular, the compensation capacity and effect of SVG. Therefore, during design, requirements of SVG and electrical property of the compensated system should both be considered. In this paper, the impact of the connection reactor on SVG stable operation is analyzed in detail. The design principle that when choosing the reactor parameters, the impact on power unit DC side voltage should be prioritized is proposed, and simulation verification is conducted by using of PSCAD software. A reasonable reactor is selected for a 10kV SVG based on the conclusion. The actual operation result verifies the rationality of design.

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7

Jia, Qiu Xia, Guang Tong, Ying Zhao, Hong Yu Lv, Qing Yan Meng, Shu Han Wang, and Wei Wang. "Research on Intensive SVG Integrated Power Unit Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1302.

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As SVG products get more and more popular, new products keep being developed for the demand of actual operation. Intensive SVG is a new kind of SVG developed on the basis of conventional SVG products. The main characteristic of the so-called “intensive SVG” is the draw-out type power module which is featured by small volume, low loss and strong environmental adaptability. The power unit is the core of SVG and its reliability is the foundation on which the entire system functions. Therefore, the reliability evaluation is of vital importance. In this paper, a method of studying its reliability by setting up a reliability module is introduced, which may help with equipment maintenance in future.

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8

Dai, Xian Bin, Jian Yin, and Wei Du. "Hardware Circuit Design for Direct-Coupled SVG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2629.

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First designed the SVG has based on direct-coupled, rated capacity 200kVar, rated voltage of 10kV. Elaborate the system configuration of the main circuit, the selection method of the inverter, the diode rectifying devices DC side capacitor and other devices, and control method. Then carry out MATLAB simulation on the designed SVG to verify the correctness of the direct-coupled SVG hardware circuit; when the load changes, SVG can quickly convert operating mode, compensate reactive current.

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9

Lenz, H. J., L. A. Fisher, W. W. Vale, and M. R. Brown. "Corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I: effects on blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 249, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): R85—R90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.249.1.r85.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), sauvagine (SVG), and urotensin I (UI) were tested for their effects on superior mesenteric blood flow in conscious dogs. Intravenous (iv) administration of CRF, SVG, and UI induced an immediate rise of mesenteric blood flow that was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of SVG and UI, but not CRF, rapidly (within 5 min after injection) elicited a long (90 min) elevation of mesenteric blood flow. Central administration of these peptides induced a delayed rise in heart rate and slightly elevated mean arterial pressure. The finding that CRF given ICV did not increase mesenteric blood flow could not be explained by the release of vasoactive agents such as vasopressin, epinephrine, or norepinephrine. After injection of CRF, SVG, and UI, plasma concentrations of CRF-, SVG-, and UI-like immunoreactivity did not increase as determined by radioimmunoassay. These results indicate that SVG and UI, but not CRF, administered ICV produce a long increase of mesenteric blood flow in conscious dogs. Because iv SVG and UI decrease mean arterial pressure and ICV SVG and UI increase mean arterial pressure and do not cause an increase in SVG- and UI-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral circulation, it is proposed that SVG and UI injected into the third cerebral ventricle act within the central nervous system to increase superior mesenteric blood flow in the dog.

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10

Liu, Cun Guo, Hui Hao, Zhi Qiang Zhang, Xin Hua Wang, Xiao Le Li, Shu Han Wang, Ji Hao Wang, and Jia Yong Chen. "Research on Chain SVG Direct Current Control Simulation Based on PSCAD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3866.

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SVG is a device parallel on the power grid for dynamic reactive power compensation, is a product of best performance and mature technology in the third generation dynamic reactive compensation technology so far. Thanks to power unit module series structure and PWM technology, compared with multiple SVG, chain SVG has high capacity, low loss, simple maintenance. But more complicated in control, indirect current control technology and direct current control technology are adopted. This paper utilizes PSCAD simulation software to build a chain SVG direct current controller model according to mathematical model of the chain SVG, simulates SVG compensation with inductive load and capacitive load, so as to verify advantages of fast tracking speed and stable control of direct current controller.

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11

Xenogiannis, Iosif, Marco Zenati, Deepak L. Bhatt, Sunil V. Rao, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Steven Goldman, Kendrick A. Shunk, et al. "Saphenous Vein Graft Failure: From Pathophysiology to Prevention and Treatment Strategies." Circulation 144, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 728–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.052163.

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Saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) remain the most frequently used conduits in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Despite advances in surgical techniques and pharmacotherapy, SVG failure rates remain high, often leading to repeat coronary revascularization. The no-touch SVG harvesting technique (minimal graft manipulation with preservation of vasa vasorum and nerves) reduces the risk of SVG failure, whereas the effect of the off-pump technique on SVG patency remains unclear. Use of buffered storage solutions, intraoperative graft flow measurement, careful selection of the target vessels, and physiological assessment of the native coronary circulation before CABG may also reduce the incidence of SVG failure. Perioperative aspirin and high-intensity statin administration are the cornerstones of secondary prevention after CABG. Dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for off-pump CABG and in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Intermediate (30%–60%) SVG stenoses often progress rapidly. Stenting of intermediate SVG stenoses failed to improve outcomes; hence, treatment focuses on strict control of coronary artery disease risk factors. Redo CABG is associated with higher perioperative mortality compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); hence, the latter is preferred for most patients requiring repeat revascularization after CABG. SVG PCI is limited by high rates of no-reflow and a high incidence of restenosis during follow-up. Drug-eluting and bare metal stents provide similar long-term outcomes in SVG PCI. Embolic protection devices reduce no-reflow and should be used when feasible. PCI of the corresponding native coronary artery is associated with better short- and long-term outcomes and is preferred over SVG PCI, if technically feasible.

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12

Mølstad, Per Morten, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Terje K. Steigen, Tom Wilsgaard, Rune Wiseth, Svein Rotevatn, Jan Mannsverk, et al. "Drug-Eluting versus Bare-Metal Stents in Saphenous Vein Grafts Compared to Native Coronary Vessels: The Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial Study." Cardiology 147, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521085.

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Background: Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) with no effect on mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) compared to bare-metal stents (BMS) in native vessels. Randomized stent studies in saphenous vein grafts (SVG) are few and the reported effects are ambiguous. The Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial study is the first to randomize lesions to percutaneous coronary intervention in native vessels and SVG. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality, MI, and TLR across stent and vessel types. Methods: In this substudy, 6,087 patients with a single lesion in native vessels and 164 in SVG were followed for 5 years. Results: MI was more frequent in SVG (subdistributional hazard ratio [SHR] 4.95 (3.75–6.54, p < 0.001), but not affected by stent type. In the first 500 days, DES reduced TLR in native vessels (SHR 0.21 (0.15–0.30) p < 0.001) and SVG (SHR 0.18 (0.04–0.80) p = 0.02). Thereafter, DES and BMS were equivalent in native vessels, but DES had a higher TLR rate than BMS in SVG (SHR 3.31 (1.23–8.94) p = 0.02). After 5 years, the TLR rate was still significantly lower for DES in native vessels (3.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001) but not in SVG (21.4% vs. 18. 4%). Conclusion: In SVG, no difference in TLR between DES and BMS was observed after 5 years in contrast to persistent benefit in native vessels. The high rate of TLR and MI in SVG makes treatment of native vessels a preference whenever feasible and better treatment options for SVG are warranted.

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13

Zhang, Shu Yu, Bao Feng Yang, Hang Zhang, and Jing Kai Wu. "Simulation on Multi-Level Current Source SVG." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1282.

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The operational principle and topology of multi-level current source converter as well as its main advantages are introduced. According to the characteristics of SVG (Static Var Generator), a model of multi-level current source SVG is built up and simulated with PSCAD/EMTDC. The influences of model parameters on the performance of SVG are discussed in the form of dynamic and steady waveforms of system voltage and current. Simulation results display the feasibility of proposed control strategy and the excellent performance of multi-level current source SVG.

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14

Xu, Anfei, Linbo Gan, Ziqiang Xi, and Xiaogang Du. "Research on the control strategy of phase balance in H-bridge cascade SVG." E3S Web of Conferences 243 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124301005.

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Based on the H-bridge cascaded SVG as one of the best solutions to effectively compensate reactive currents, this article focuses on the cascaded high-voltage H-bridge SVG phase balance problem. While analyzing the influence factors of the SVG DC side voltage, it summarizes and introduces 5 SVG phase balance control strategy ， Analyzed its real-time performance, stability, applicable occasions, algorithm and hardware circuit complexity, etc.Some control strategies have been simulated and verified, and the simulation results have reached the expected value, which provides a reference for the selection of balance control strategies for high-voltage SVG equipment.

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15

Li, Dong, Linsheng Deng, and Zhenghua Huang. "Shape similarity computation for SVG." International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering 6, no. 1/2 (2011): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcse.2011.041218.

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16

Marmagkiolis, Konstantinos, and Mehmet Cilingiroglu. "Pharmacologic pretreatment in SVG interventions." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 84, no. 5 (October 31, 2013): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.25225.

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17

Huang, Haosheng, Yan Li, Georg Gartner, and Yunpeng Wang. "An SVG-based method to support spatial analysis in XML/GML/SVG-based WebGIS." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 25, no. 10 (October 2011): 1561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2010.532133.

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18

Li, Hong Kai, Wei Li Wang, Jin Xing Wang, Shu Han Wang, and Li Hong. "Research and Analysis of Reliability of Power Grid SVG Master Circuit in Rural Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1299.

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Problems such as low voltage and big line loss have long existing in the power grid in rural areas of China. In recent years, some province and cities have improved voltage and reduced line loss by installing SVG at substations in rural power grids, and the effect is remarkable.With great compensation capacity and a good variety of modes of compensation, SVG is sure to replace old reactive compensation devices in rural power grid in future, which requires evaluation and analysis of SVG reliability so as to guarantee safety and stability of the power grid. However, now no research or analysis has been made in China on SVG reliability in rural power grids, which affects wide promotion of SVG in rural power grids.Under the background of Liaoning Power Grid 10kV/±5Mvar Chain SVG, this paper analyzes the reliability of k/n (G) system model of SVG master circuit structure, improving the accuracy of system reliability estimation. The estimation matches the operation outcome, thus providing data basis for the feasibility of SVG’s wide application in rural power grid in future.

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19

Zhang, Lin, Nan Zheng, Yuan Hang Wang, Ming Hang Jiao, Shu Ze Liu, Gang Li, Yun Xing, and Bo Song. "Research on the Design of Drawer-Type Power Module Based 10kV Outdoor Intensive SVG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3854.

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Recently, static var generator has been widely applied to substations all over China, mainly adopting indoor mounting and outdoor box-type substation (or color plate housing) mounting. As SVG is popularized, people gradually find out that the current mounting ways are not suitable for the actual environment of many substations (especially rural power grid). Large land coverage, big overall loss and complex maintenance have become the main factors that restrain further popularization of SVG. A new SVG structure is proposed. SVG body and mounting are combined, applied to a rural power grid substation successfully. Compared with ordinary SVG, it features small land coverage, reduced loss and maintenance quantity and higher stability.

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20

Zhao, Ying, and Pan Pan Yang. "Present Condition and Outlook about SVG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.274.

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Along with the exaltation of people to the electric energy quality requirements, the importance of compensating the reactive power is valued by people. The offset device of various kinds emerges with the tide of time. SVG plays an important part in the reactive compensating by the advantage of its quality. This text described the development, radical principle and control method of SVG and still introduced the limits, advantages and some improvement measures at the same time. Finally carry on analysis to the development tendency and lay foundation for the search of SVG technique.

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21

Beauchemin, Myriam. "SVG contre Flash : théorie et pratique." Documentation et bibliothèques 52, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030025ar.

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Alors que logiciels et normes libres sont en plein essor, nous proposons une comparaison sommaire entre SVG etFlash. Celle-ci s’appuie principalement sur la distinction entre normes libres et normes propriétaires, mais y sont aussi exposés histoire, éléments de théorie et aspects pratiques de chacun de ces outils. Cette comparaison est complétée par le compte rendu de la réalisation d’un exercice de reproduction en SVG d’un objet initialement conçu enFlash. SiFlashpropose certaines fonctionnalités non offertes par SVG, ce dernier n’est pas pour autant démuni face à son concurrent et mérite qu’on s’y arrête.

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22

Willemsen, Laura M., Paul W. A. Janssen, Joyce Peper, Mohamed A. Soliman-Hamad, Albert H. M. van Straten, Patrick Klein, Chris M. Hackeng, et al. "Effect of Adding Ticagrelor to Standard Aspirin on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (POPular CABG)." Circulation 142, no. 19 (November 10, 2020): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050749.

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Background: Approximately 15% of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) occlude during the first year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) despite aspirin use. The POPular CABG trial (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery) investigated whether ticagrelor added to standard aspirin improves SVG patency at 1 year after CABG. Methods: In this investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, patients with ≥1 SVGs were randomly assigned (1:1) after CABG to ticagrelor or placebo added to standard aspirin (80 mg or 100 mg). The primary outcome was SVG occlusion at 1 year, assessed with coronary computed tomography angiography, in all patients that had primary outcome imaging available. A generalized estimating equation model was used to perform the primary analysis per SVG. The secondary outcome was 1-year SVG failure, which was a composite of SVG occlusion, SVG revascularization, myocardial infarction in myocardial territory supplied by a SVG, or sudden death. Results: Among 499 randomly assigned patients, the mean age was 67.9±8.3 years, 87.1% were male, the indication for CABG was acute coronary syndrome in 31.3%, and 95.2% of procedures used cardiopulmonary bypass. Primary outcome imaging was available in 220 patients in the ticagrelor group and 223 patients in the placebo group. The SVG occlusion rate in the ticagrelor group was 10.5% (51 of 484 SVGs) versus 9.1% in the placebo group (43 of 470 SVGs), odds ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.73–2.30]; P =0.38. SVG failure occurred in 35 (14.2%) patients in the ticagrelor group versus 29 (11.6%) patients in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.72–2.05]). Conclusions: In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the addition of ticagrelor to standard aspirin did not reduce SVG occlusion at 1 year after CABG. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02352402.

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23

Li, Jun, Lin Zhang, Mei Juan Liu, Ge Xin Xing, Wei Wei Li, Yi Qiang Zhao, Xin Xin Gu, and Xiao Hua Zhao. "The Design and Application of SVG for Low Voltage Distribution Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2097.

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SVG can compensate reactive power deficiency, suppress harmonics, improve three-phase imbalance and power quality more flexibly. There are very few small volume SVG products available for low voltage distribution network in the past. The generic SVG products are very expansive, thus not suitable for low voltage distribution network. Therefore, it is an urgent task to design a new generation distribution network SVG product that offers good value for money. This paper studied a SVG digital controller based on TMS320F28335 DSP chip. The fast and powerful computing and parallel operation capability of TMS320F28335 can satisfy the real-time, multifunction and multiple objective coordination control of SVG. Applied the instantaneous reactive power theory and adopted current direct control mode, an enhanced filtering algorithm to filter instantaneous sampling value is proposed. Automatic bi-directional compensation control strategy effectively reduced voltage variation at the user side. Its effectiveness is verified by an engineering project.

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Xing, Yun, Sheng Jie Du, Ming Hang Jiao, Shu Ze Liu, Gang Li, Lin Zhang, Yuan Hang Wang, Nan Zheng, and Li Hong. "Research on Field Parameter Setting Test for Using 10kV Chain SVG to Resolve Low Voltage of Rural Power Grid Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3858–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3858.

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In recent years, power companies in different provinces have equipped the rural power grid substation with SVG, which has effectively resolved the problems of rural power grid such as low voltage and great fluctuation. Since SVG is a new 3G dynamic reactive compensation technology, people don’t know its compensation feature well. SVG control parameters are not configured according to the operation rules of the rural power grid substation.SVG shall undergo field test before commissioning in order to better resolve the problem of low voltage. Electrical property of the system to be compensated is known through the interaction between SVG and the system, thus determining the actual compensation mode and control parameters of SVG, thus achieving the best compensation effect.

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Li, Rui Fang, and Xiao Hong Yu. "Study on Dynamic Storage of SVG." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.341.

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SVG has good interaction, and its content can be dynamically added or deleted, but the change disappears immediately after the graphic is closed, and cant be saved, which brings more inconvenience to users. In this paper, the dynamic storage of SVG is studied, and the implementation principle is analyzed, then two dynamic SVG storage methods are introduced, which are based on traditional Ajax and based on Ajaxpro respectively. Practice proved that the method base on Ajaxpro, which broke the length limit of transfer parameters and the special character limit in traditional Ajax, has a better prospect.

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26

Takazawa, Akitoshi, Hiroyuki Nakajima, Atsushi Iguchi, Mimiko Tabata, Kozo Morita, Hiroyuki Koike, Kazuhiko Uwabe, Toshihisa Asakura, and Hiroshi Niinami. "Impacts of Intraoperative Flow on Graft Patency of Sequential and Individual Saphenous Vein Grafts." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 10, no. 2 (March 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000140.

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Objective We sought to delineate the predictor of saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure and to evaluate the impact of sequential grafting of SVG on graft flow as the significant predictor of patency. Methods Angiograms and clinical records of 439 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with aortocoronary SVG were reviewed. Of these, 708 distal anastomoses were created by 480 SVGs. Of 349 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, operation was performed with an off-pump technique in 347 patients (99%). For 90 patients, a combined procedure on cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. A postoperative angiography was performed in 230 SVGs for clinical reasons. Insufficient flow (IF) was defined as a graft flow of 20 mL/min or less, measured by transit-time Doppler flowmetry during operation. Results In 480 SVGs, 44 (9.2%) presented IF, and 24 SVGs presented partial or total occlusion. Six of the nine failed individual SVG had IF, whereas none of the failed sequential SVG was associated with IF. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that IF ( P = 0.002; odds ratio, 6.63) and sequential grafting ( P = 0.004; odds ratio, 2.51) were significantly correlated with a failure of the SVG. The patency rate of sequential SVG to the most distal target was 78/93 (83.9%), which was significantly lower than 9/139 (93.5%) of the individual SVG ( P = 0.02) and 7/113 (93.8%) of the sequential SVG to proximal targets ( P = 0.02). Conclusions When both targets seem to have sufficient demand, avoidance of sequential grafting would be reasonable. Moreover, the important target should be grafted by individual grafting or sequential proximal anastomosis.

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Guan, Zheng Qiang, Si Jing Liu, and Xing Hua Liu. "Static Var Generator Technology and its Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1870.

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This paper analyzed the principles, the control methods, the features of the three operational patterns, and the merits of SVG technology as well as a brief introduction to the latest applications of SVG technology. Due to the limitations of the SVG technology, meanwhile its control strategies are very complicated; its fabrication cost is comparatively high when used to for the middle and high electricity pressure and big capacities of electricity transmission. But with the wide use of new technologies and new materials, the SVG technology will surely finds its broad applications.

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Tavil, Yusuf, Nihat Şen, Hüseyin Uğur Yazici, Fatma Hizal, Sadik Kadri Açikgöz, Murat Turfan, and Atiye Çengel. "Relationship between elevated platelet volume and saphenous vein graft disease." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v33i3.13721.

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Background: Saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease is the major determinant of long term graft viability in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Although, platelets play a major role in this pathogenetic process the nature of this interaction has not been yet been clarified. Mean platelet volume (MPV) reflects platelet production rate and stimulation. This study was designed to investigate MPV in patients with late stage SVG disease. Methods: The study population composed of 188 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography more than one year after coronary artery bypass surgery. The study population was divided in to two groups according to SVG patency. The first group consisted of 90 patients (75 men, 15 women; mean age, 63.4 ± 9.2 years) with patent SVG’s (no-stenosis group). The second group consisted of 98 patients (80 men, 18 women; mean age, 62.1 ± 10.1 years) with SVG stenosis based on the results of coronary angiography (stenosis group). Gretaer than 50% stenosis within the SVG was accepted as hemodynamically significant. Results: MPV were significantly higher in patients with SVG disease in comparison with the patients without graft disease group (9.3 ± 1.19 vs. 8.3 ± 1.10 fl, respectively, p < 0.001). In a multiple regression model, SVG disease was independently associated with MPV (β=0.837, p=0.05) along with LDL-cholesterol (β=0.159, p=0.008) and time interval after bypass surgery (β=-0.092, p=0.05). Conclusion: Platelet volume, and therefore platelet activation, appears to play a causal role in late SVG disease graft disease; hence, MPV may be useful as a post-operative marker of graft success.

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Zhang, Yun Shan, Yu Bin Dong, Hui Jie Cao, Min Jin, Shu Han Wang, and Ji Hao Wang. "Analytical Study on the Loss Reduction of Static Var Generator for Power Grid Based on the Soft Switch Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1440.

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With SVG technology becoming more and more mature, chain SVG is also installed in some power grid substations to solve local power quality problems, and certain effect has been achieved. Compared with other compensators in the substations, for example, capacitor bank, SVQC, SVC etc, actual loss of SVG is above average level, this limits its practicability.This paper puts forward a method that utilizes soft switch technology to reduce IGBT on/off loss in SVG device, gives main circuit topology of the designed soft switch PWM inverter, and the comparative analysis with on/off loss of hard switch, proves effectiveness of this method.

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Tornatore, Carlo, Belinda Baker-Cairns, Gal Yadid, Rebecca Hamilton, Karen Meyers, Walter Atwood, Alex Cummins, Virginia Tanner, and Eugene Major. "Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in an Immortalized Human Fetal Astrocyte Cell Line; in Vitro Characterization and Engraftment into the Rodent Striatum." Cell Transplantation 5, no. 2 (March 1996): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979600500206.

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The use of primary human fetal tissue in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, while promising, faces several difficult technical and ethical issues. An alternative approach that would obviate these problems would be to use immortalized cell lines of human fetal central nervous system origin. An immortalized human fetal astrocyte cell line (SVG) has been established (45) and herein we describe the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of this cell line which suggest that it may be a useful vehicle for neural transplantation. The SVG cell line is vimentin, GFAP, Thy 1.1 and MHC class I positive, and negative for neurofilament and neuron specific enolase, consistent with its glial origin. To determine whether the cell line could be used as a drug delivery system, a cDNA expression vector for tyrosine hydroxylase was constructed (phTH/Neo) and stably expressed in the SVG cells for over 18 months as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of the stable transfectants. HPLC analysis of the supernatant from these cells, termed SVG-TH, consistently found 4-6 pmol/ml/min of 1-dopa produced with the addition of BH4 to the media. Furthermore, in cocultivation experiments with hNT neurons, PC-12 cells and primary rat fetal mesencephalic tissue, both the SVG and SVG-TH cells demonstrated neurotrophic potential, suggesting that they constituitively express factors with neuroregenerative potential. To determine the viability of these cells in vivo, SVG-TH cells were grafted into the striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats and followed over time. A panel of antibodies was used to unequivocally differentiate the engrafted cells from the host parenchyma, including antibodies to: SV40 large T antigen (expressed in the SVG-TH cells), human and rat MHC class 1, vimentin, GFAP, and tyrosine hydroxylase. While the graft was easily identified with the first week, over the course of a four week period of time the engrafted cells decreased in number. Concomittantly, rat CD4 and CD8 expression in the vicinity of the graft increased, consistent with xenograft rejection. When the SVG-TH cells were grafted to the lesioned striatum of a 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats, rotational behavior of the rat decreased as much as 80% initially, then slowly returned to baseline over the next four weeks, parallelling graft rejection. Thus, the SVG-TH cells can induce a functional recovery in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, however as a xenograft, the SVG cells are recognized by the immune system.

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Brătilă, Elvira, Diana Elena Comandaşu, Ciprian Coroleucă, Monica Mihaela Cîrstoiu, Costin Berceanu, Claudia Mehedintu, Petre Bratila, and Simona Vladareanu. "Diagnosis of endometriotic lesions by sonovaginography with ultrasound gel." Medical Ultrasonography 18, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-875.

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Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of sonovaginography (SVG) with ultrasound gel in patients with endometriosis. Material and methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective study, which included 193 patients with symptoms highly suggestive for endometriosis. All patients were investigated by transvaginal sonography and SVG with gel and afterwards underwent laparoscopic surgery. For each category of endometriotic lesions investigated, we calculated and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the imagisticinvestigations used. Results: In the case of endometriotic lesions of the uterosacral ligaments, SVG with gel had a sensitivity of 78.5% and a specificity of 96% (p=ns). The lesions of the vagina and rectovaginal septum were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 79%, respectively 94% (p=ns), obtaining a specificity of 99%, respectively of 97% (p=0.007). The lesions of the Douglas pouch were identified with a sensitivity of 81% (p=0.015), and those of the rectosigmoid with a 94% sensitivity (p=0.010). We obtained lower sensitivity (67%) in detecting the lesions of the urinary bladder (p=ns). Conclusions: SGV with ultrasound gel represents a useful investigation tool for the evaluation of endometriotic lesions in the posterior pelvic compartment.

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Kleinbongard, Petra, Theodor Baars, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Philipp Kahlert, Raimund Erbel, and Gerd Heusch. "Aspirate from human stented native coronary arteries vs. saphenous vein grafts: more endothelin but less particulate debris." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 8 (October 15, 2013): H1222—H1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00358.2013.

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Stent implantation into atherosclerotic coronary arteries releases particulate debris and soluble substances that contribute to impaired microvascular perfusion. Here we addressed the potential for microvascular obstruction in patients with stenotic native right coronary arteries (nRCA) compared with saphenous vein grafts on right coronary arteries (SVG-RCA). We enrolled symptomatic, male patients with stable angina pectoris and a flow-limiting stenosis in their nRCA or SVG-RCA ( n = 18/18). Plaque volume and composition were analyzed using intravascular ultrasound before stent implantation. Coronary aspirate was retrieved during stent implantation under protection with a distal occlusion/aspiration device and divided into particulate debris and plasma. The release of catecholamines, endothelin, serotonin, thromboxane B2, and tumor necrosis factor-α was measured. The response of rat mesenteric arteries with intact (+E) and denuded (−E) endothelium to aspirate plasma (without and with selective endothelin receptor blockade) was normalized to that by potassium chloride (KClmax = 100%). Plaque volume and composition were not different between nRCA and SVG-RCA. There was less particulate debris (65 ± 8 vs. 146 ± 23 mg; P < 0.05) and more endothelin release (5.8 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 pg/ml; P < 0.05) in nRCA than in SVG-RCA, whereas the release of the other mediators was not different. Aspirate from nRCA induced stronger vasoconstriction than that from SVG-RCA [nRCA, 78 ± 6% (+E)/84 ± 5% (−E); SVG-RCA, 59 ± 6% (+E)/68 ± 3% (−E); P < 0.05 nRCA vs. SVG-RCA], which was attenuated by a nonspecific endothelin and a specific endothelin receptor A antagonist. Thus coronary aspirate from stented nRCA is characterized by less debris but more endothelin and stronger vasoconstrictor response than that from SVG-RCA.

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Cankurt, Tayyar, İbrahim E. Celik, Selcuk Ozturk, and Orhan Maden. "Inflammatory Conditions in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft." International Journal of Angiology 29, no. 04 (August 30, 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714751.

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AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory blood parameters in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with a history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein graft (SVG). A total of 347 patients who underwent urgent SVG PCI with the diagnosis of ACS were included in the study. After the application of exclusion criteria, 79 patients were allocated into two groups, namely, successful PCI (n = 59) and unsuccessful PCI (n = 20), and included in the statistical analysis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were significantly higher in patients with unsuccessful SVG PCI. In the logistic regression analysis, PLR, C-reactive protein, and diabetes mellitus emerged as independent factors associated with unsuccessful SVG PCI. The area under the curve for PLR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.85, p = 0.006). The cut-off value of PLR (128.99) was associated with 70.0% sensitivity and 69.5% specificity. Elevated inflammatory status is associated with unsuccessful PCI of SVG in ACS patients. Increased PLR levels on admission is an independent predictor of this situation. This cheap and simple marker can help us to predict unsuccessful SVG PCI in ACS patients.

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Ba, Duo, Lei Feng, and Yong Quan Li. "Design of SVG Application in Microgrids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1095.

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The active power output of micrgrids is susceptible to external influences. When the load is high, the voltage of microgrids cannot be stabilized. Voltage fluctuation may cause the fan to stop working when the voltage is lower than the operating Voltage. The problem can be solved by applying SVG to the microgrid.

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Kim, Suzi, and Sunghee Choi. "Saliency-based SVG Image Placeholder Generation." Journal of KIISE 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2019.46.1.39.

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Sbarzaglia, Paolo, Salvatore Notaristefano, and Claudio Cavallini. "Best Treatment of Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions." Interventional Cardiology Review 5, no. 1 (2010): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2010.5.1.46.

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When used as conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery, saphenous vein grafts (SVG) develop atherosclerotic disease that may result in stenosis or occlusion in 50% of patients by 10 years. SVG intervention has become an attractive alternative to reoperation in these patients, but is associated with less favourable acute and long-term outcomes compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of native vessels due to a higher incidence of periprocedural micro-embolisation and of late restenosis. The role of protection devices that reduce distal embolisation and no-reflow phenomenon has been well established, and they now represent a ‘must’ for almost all of the procedures of PCI in SVG. The potential role of drug-eluting stents (DES) in improving long-term results of SVG intervention is still debated and, to date, there is no clear evidence of their benefit in relevant clinical end-point. The aim of this article is to examine the best available therapeutic options for patients undergoing PCI of SVG lesions.

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Silva, Michael A., Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia, Mohammad Ali Aziz-Sultan, and Nirav J. Patel. "Republished: Thrombectomy for late occlusion of high flow extracranial–intracranial saphenous vein bypass graft after 27 years of patency." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, no. 11 (April 7, 2018): e27-e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013670.rep.

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High flow extracranial–intracranial (EC-IC) bypass with a saphenous vein graft (SVG) has been used for more than 40 years in patients with giant aneurysms of the posterior circulation refractory to medical management, and has demonstrated high long term patency rates. We report the case of a patient treated with external carotid artery (ECA)–posterior cerebral artery SVG bypass in 1989 who presented 27 years later with paresthesias and confusion, and was found to have partial occlusion of her SVG bypass graft and a basilar occlusion. She was treated with mechanical thrombectomy of the basilar occlusion via the partially thrombosed graft, the first report of such a procedure through a high flow posterior circulation EC-IC SVG, resulting in improvement of the patient’s neurologic examination. At 27 years, this is the longest reported delay in thrombosis of a high flow SVG bypass graft, highlighting the long term patency of these grafts and the feasibility of thrombectomy through occluded bypass grafts.

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Cianfrone, Beth A., and James J. Zhang. "The Impact of Gamer Motives, Consumption, and In-Game Advertising Effectiveness: A Case Study of Football Sport Video Games." International Journal of Sport Communication 6, no. 3 (September 2013): 325–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.6.3.325.

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Sport video games (SVGs) are a highly consumed media source among 18- to 34-yr-old sport consumers. Many corporations have become advertisers or sponsors of SVGs to reach this consumer segment. This case study examined the systematic relationships among SVG motives, consumption levels, and sponsorship effectiveness. Research participants (N = 213) were SVG gamers who responded to a survey. The proposed hierarchical relationships were tested in a structural model analysis to determine the effectiveness of SVGs. The fit indices showed that the model fit the data well, indicating that, sequentially, SVG motivations influenced game play frequency, awareness of sponsoring brands in SVGs, attitude toward the sponsoring brands, and future purchase intentions of sponsoring products. Researchers and practitioners may consider applying SVG motivational factors to enhance SVG play frequency so as to enhance the awareness of and attitude toward sponsoring brands, which would in turn promote behavioral intentions for consuming the sponsoring brands.

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Marozas, Leonardas, Eimuntas Paršeliūnas, and Saulius Urbonas. "XML DATA SCHEMAS AND SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS FORMAT FOR THE SEA LEVEL OBSERVATIONS." Geodesy and cartography 33, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2007.9636725.

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XML (Extended Markup Language) Data Schemas as the format for information exchange in graphical SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format is presented. SVG format is a language for two‐dimensional graphics and is based on XML. It is the advanced version of previous data exchange format TGX (Tide Gauge Independent Exchange Format), which contains the plain ASCII data. SVG graphics are formatted from sea level observations data at ESEAS station KLPD. Comparing with similar CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) format, SVG has its advantages of being based on XML. XML Data Schemas, in addition, add a header information about the marine measurements site, sensors and any additional necessary information. The correct header formation and the advantages of such data exchange format are analysed. Header is important for an exchange between different sites from different countries so as it would be information standardisation. Visual appearance of the SVG file, the source, headers and formation of the file in script are described too.

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Yuan, Man, Jing Shu Yuan, Gang Huan, and Dan Dan Wang. "The Mobile Oilfield Map Based on SVG and Inforamtion Integration." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.349.

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A light mobile GIS framework is proposed which is based on J2ME and mobile scalable vector graphics (SVG), GIS is an important component in digital oilfield. First, it defines a general mobile GIS framework. Second, all kinds of GIS code rules are defined, how to manage map layer in SVG is defined, all kinds of GISs object can be described in SVG and DOM of XML. And finally, in distributed environment, based on SVG, JAVAME and related technologies, a light mobile GIS platform is implemented. In this case, the light mobile GIS platform can be used to not only transmit production data, but also locate the interested objects, and the platform is applied to the Daqing oil field.

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Wang, Ying Nan, Feng Li Han, Zhe Ren, Peng Jin, Hai Sheng Li, Shu Han Wang, and Si Cong Wu. "Research on Optimal Application of SVG in Substation Regulated Voltage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2970.

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In order to solve the problem of low voltage at a terminal rural power grid 66kV substation, a 5000-kilovar SVG is arranged in the substation to elevate and stabilize the 10kV bus voltage. Since put into operation, SVG runs well, solving the problem of low voltage while lowering the loss of the entire line. However, in some cases, people find that while stabilizing the bus voltage, SVG causes voltage drop in adjacent substation, and act of the intelligent capacitor unit in the adjacent substation, thus leading to opposite reactive response of SVG, affecting voltage stabilization of the two substations and adding up to equipment loss. This paper analyzes this phenomenon and has proposed an approach of correction.

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Timofeev, D. N., V. A. Telegin, A. I. Telegin, and S. G. Pudovkina. "SVG Modeling of Controlled Systems of Bodies." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 19, no. 4 (2019): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr190417.

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Wei, Yun Bing, and Wei Jie Yang. "Nonlinear Control of SVG Based on Hamiltonian Energy Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.307.

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Establish the practical mathematic model of Synchronous Generator in the static var generator (SVG) of single machine infinite bus power system. Based on Hamiltonian energy theory, the new nonlinear controller is designed between the SVG which is installed in the bus voltage of system and synchronous machine excitation. This controller directly use the energy as the storage function, compared to other nonlinear controllers, this controller has the advantage of the fast stability and the capability of quelling the disturbance. Since the nonlinear control structure retains all in this design, it does not need the linearization, the proposed SVG controller is more robust than linear control method. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can faster meet generator excitation and SVG access point voltage transient stability than conventional PID control when subjected to the three-phase short circuit fault.

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Shen, Jing Shuang, Chuan Wen Jiang, and Yu Jiao Liu. "Analysis of Harmonic Detection of APF&SVG." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1683.

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This paper reviews the harmonic current detection algorithm of APF&SVG. And the new different research of each detection method is introduced. The advantage and disadvantage of each methods is also analyzed. It has provided some references to the electric current detection algorithm choice for the design of the APF and SVG.

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Wang, Peng, and Li Yuan Dong. "Web GIS Research and Application Based on SVG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2004.

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In this paper we use the SVG technology to the field of Web GIS and set up the Traffic Accident Scene Management System (TASMS). Using text format characteristics of SVG, combined with ASP.NET technology and the scripting language JavaScript, we achieved dynamically load geographic information image, quick query and some user interaction functions.

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Wang, Ning, and De Chao Zhang. "A Study on Selection of the Main Parameters of SVG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1556.

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Gao, Yuan, Wei Wu Suo, Xuan Chen Long, Zhi Ming Yao, and Yi Zhong. "Study on the Practical Applications of SVG Technique in New Era." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3481.

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This paper focused on several practical applications of SVG technique in new era. First, the present study made a basic introduction on reactive compensation from three aspects. Second, it briefly analyzed the features of the load of SVG which remained to be solved in different fields from five aspects. Third, this study made an integrated analysis of the devices and technology parameters of SVG from two aspects. It was expected to be able to provide some useful inspirations and help to the experts and scholars.

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Hu, Shao Gang, Shu Han Wang, Jun Liu, Ji Hao Wang, and Si Cong Wu. "Simulation Research on Starting Resistor Parameter Selection of 10kV Chain Static Var Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3861.

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Before commissioning, SVG first requires a separated excitation process: network voltage charges the capacitor on DC side in each H-bridge power module via the starting resistor (IGBT in all modules shall lock impulse). After charging, SVG has enough power for dynamic var compensation of the system. This paper introduces fundamental functions of the starting resistor in SVG, analyzes the influence of starting resistor selection on safe operation of the device, raises the principle of selection and conducts simulation verification by using of PSCAD.

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Kang, Gi-Tae, Soo-Hyeon Hong, and Jae-Ho Kim. "Character Facial Animation Retargeting based on SVG." Journal of Korea Multimedia Society 14, no. 6 (June 30, 2011): 824–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2011.14.6.824.

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Sun, Hui Bin, Ping Yu Jiang, B. Yu, and M. Zheng. "An SVG-Based Interactive Drawing Viewing Solution for Mobile Design or Manufacturing Collaboration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.208.

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To enable drawing viewing in the mobile manufacturing collaboration environment, an SVG-based solution is proposed. It converts the CAD files into SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) files for PCs, PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants) and smart phones. Assisted by corresponding SVG viewer, different terminals can view the same file at the same time. On the basis of operation decoding and encoding, collaborative interaction and awareness can be supported. The solution implements drawing viewing across heterogeneous terminals. And it can benefit the mobile design or manufacturing collaboration a lot in certain case.

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