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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustained release lithium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Astruc, B., P. Petit, and M. Abbar. "Overdose with sustained-release lithium preparations." European Psychiatry 14, no. 3 (June 1999): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80737-8.

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SummaryAcute lithium intoxication is potentially lethal. Compared to conventional lithium preparations, sustained-release lithium formulations present specific problems for medical practice in the case of overdose. We report a case of intoxication with 8000 mg of sustained-release lithium carbonate preparation (Teralithe 400 LP®). Twenty-five hours after the ingestion, the patient was still asymptomatic, despite a serum level in the toxic range. After comparison of this case with reports found in the Medline database, we consider the clinical management of such cases.

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2

Bosse, George M., and Thomas C. Arnold. "Overdose with sustained-release lithium preparations." Journal of Emergency Medicine 10, no. 6 (November 1992): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(92)90531-w.

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3

Heim, W., H. Oelschläger, J. Kreuter, and B. Oerlinghausen. "Liberation of Lithium from Sustained Release Preparations." Pharmacopsychiatry 27, no. 01 (January 1994): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1014270.

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4

Hrdlička, M., and P. Ševčík. "Lethal lithium poisoning with sustained-release preparations." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 6 (December 1997): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.6.586a.

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5

Kang, Hyeonmuk, Taehee Kim, GyuSeong Hwang, GeunHyeong Shin, Junho Lee, and EunAe Cho. "Sustained Release of AgNO₃ Additive in Carbonate Electrolytes for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 4 (July 7, 2022): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-014526mtgabs.

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With increasing energy storage demand, research on high energy density and stable battery became essential. Among different anode materials for lithium batteries, lithium metal is an ideal anode material as it has low redox potential and high specific capacity. Therefore, for post-lithium ion battery with high energy density cannot avoid using lithium metal as an anode. However, lithium metal anode has stability and safety issues due to dendritic growth. Lithium metal in contact with organic electrolyte reacts with the electrolyte to form solid electrolyte interface (SEI). SEI prevents further electrolyte consumption, however presence of unstable SEI causes uneven lithium ion diffusion through the SEI layer and induces lithium dendrite growth. Therefore, uniform deposition of lithium and stable SEI is important to operate lithium metal anode safely. The application of nitrate additives in carbonate electrolyte has been very limited due to poor solubility. However, nitrate containing polymer interlayer can release additive constantly enabling nitrate act as an electrolyte additive. Herein, AgNO3 synthesized with PAN nanofibers (AgPAN) is used as an additive to induce uniform lithium deposition and stable SEI formation. In the symmetric cell test, life time of 20 µm thick lithium foil enhanced from 140 hr to 300 hr with AgPAN. Lithium nucleation overpotential disappeared and overall overpotential is reduced. Originally, plane lithium foil had the sparsely deposited dendrite shaped lithium, but with AgPAN lithium was evenly deposited and grow in spherical shape. Ag+ reduces on lithium metal surface acting as a lithium nucleation seed helping uniform lithium deposition and NO3 - reacts with lithium to form stable inorganic SEI layer (Li2O, Li3N, LiNxOy, and etc) resulting in stable cycling of lithium metal anode.

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6

Friedberg, Richard C., Daniel A. Spyker, and David A. Herold. "Massive overdoses with sustained-release lithium carbonate preparations: pharmacokinetic model based on two case studies." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.7.1205.

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Abstract Clinically significant delayed absorption after lithium overdose has been reported previously without adequate explanation. We have studied two patients after they took massive intentional lithium overdoses. The first patient presented shortly after ingesting 74 g of lithium carbonate. Pharmacokinetic analysis with a multicompartmental model of 29 serum lithium concentrations during 300 h (including hemodialysis) established absorption and elimination kinetics. Lithium absorption was both slow (peak concentration 33 h after the initial overdose) and delayed (a second peak occurred at 148 h, 30 h after initiation of oral tube feedings). The delayed absorption of a large fraction of lithium implicated a gastrointestinal drug reservoir. Study of the pharmacokinetics in a second patient, who ingested 98 g of lithium carbonate, provided additional evidence of an endogenous reservoir. This patient's medical management was guided by experience gained from the initial case. Appropriate management for a predicted endogenous drug reservoir may have shortened intensive care and hospitalization. In treating overdoses of sustained-release drug preparations, clinically significant delayed absorption triggered by enteral fluids must be considered as a contributor to delayed absorption.

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Borrás-Blasco, Joaquín, Ana Esther Sirvent, Andrés Navarro-Ruiz, Ana Murcia-López, Isabel Romero-Crespo, and Ricardo Enriquez. "Unrecognized Delayed Toxic Lithium Peak Concentration in an Acute Poisoning with Sustained Release Lithium Product." Southern Medical Journal 100, no. 3 (March 2007): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.smj.0000257619.25995.c4.

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8

Llabrés, M., and J. B. Fariña. "Gastro-intestinal bioavailability assessment of commercialy prepared sustained-release lithium tablets using a deconvolution technique." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 15, no. 11 (January 1989): 1827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048909052403.

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9

Gregson, P. J., and I. Sinclair. "Deviant Crack Path Behaviour of Aluminium-Lithium Alloy AA8090 Plate." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 210, no. 2 (April 1996): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_352_02.

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The unusual susceptibility of the Al-Li alloy AA8090 to sustained macroscopic deviation of fatigue cracks from a nominal mode I path during conventional fatigue testing is discussed. It is demonstrated that the mixed mode crack growth associated with macroscopic deviation may be characterized in terms of elastic strain energy release rates for a range of mixed mode loading conditions. It is specifically shown that this form of mixed mode crack growth may lead to non-conservative crack growth predictions when these materials are subjected to conventional, mode I based structure lifing techniques.

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10

Gai, M. N., A. M. Thielemann, and A. Arancibia. "Effect of three different diets on the bioavailability of a sustained release lithium carbonate matrix tablet." Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38, no. 06 (June 1, 2000): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cpp38320.

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11

Tan, Zhen, Baochun Zhou, Jianrui Zheng, Yongcan Huang, Hui Zeng, Lixiang Xue, and Deli Wang. "Lithium and Copper Induce the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Crosstalk between Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways." Stem Cells International 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662164.

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The combination of osteogenesis and angiogenesis dual-delivery trace element-carrying bioactive scaffolds and stem cells is a promising method for bone regeneration and repair. Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α signaling pathways are vital for BMSCs’ osteogenic differentiation and secretion of osteogenic factors, respectively. Simultaneously, lithium (Li) and copper (Cu) can activate the canonical Wnt and HIF-1α signaling pathway, respectively. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that the canonical Wnt and HIF signaling pathways are related to coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether the lithium- and copper-doped bioactive scaffold can induce the coupling of the osteogenesis and angiogenesis in BMSCs and the underlying mechanism. So, we fabricated a lithium- (Li+-) and copper- (Cu2+-) doped organic/inorganic (Li 2.5-Cu 1.0-HA/Col) scaffold to evaluate the coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects of lithium and copper on BMSCs and further explore its mechanism. We investigated that the sustained release of lithium and copper from the Li 2.5-Cu 1.0-HA/Col scaffold could couple the osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related factor secretion in BMSCs seeding on it. Moreover, our results showed that 500 μM Li+ could activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and rescue the XAV-939 inhibition on it. In addition, we demonstrated that the 25 μM Cu2+ was similar to 1% oxygen environment in terms of the effectiveness of activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway. More importantly, the combination stimuli of Li+ and Cu2+ could couple the osteogenesis and angiogenesis process and further upregulate the osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related gene expression via crosstalk between the canonical Wnt and HIF-1α signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study revealed that lithium and copper could crosstalk between the canonical Wnt and HIF-1α signaling pathways to couple the osteogenesis and angiogenesis in BMSCs when they are sustainably released from the Li-Cu-HA/Col scaffold.

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12

Senecal, Justin, Zaki Alhashimalsayed, and Mitchell Levine. "A Large Lithium Overdose with Unusual Pharmacokinetics." Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 18, no. 3 (September 16, 2023): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v18i3.705.

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Lithium has been used in psychiatry for 50 years and remains a first-line option for bipolar depression and mania. Approximately 7% of patients on lithium will develop toxicity at some point during their treatment. This can often be managed with isotonic crystalloid to promote excretion in the urine, but some patients will require hemodialysis. Here we present the case of a 66-year-old female who presented after ingesting 12 grams of immediate-release lithium. Twenty-eight hours after ingestion, her serum lithium began to rise despite adequate urine output and normal renal function. We hypothesized that this was due to delayed absorption from a pharmacobezoar formation, resulting in pharmacokinetics that mimics what was previously described to occur with sustained release formulations. This case exemplifies the importance of monitoring pharmacokinetic parameters in overdoses, as this can bring attention to issues of prolonged absorption. This has the potential to impact clinical decisions regarding hemodialysis or bowel decontamination. RésuméLe lithium est utilisé dans le domaine de la psychiatrie depuis 50 ans et demeure une option de première intention contre la dépression et la manie bipolaires. Environ 7 % des patients traités par le lithium manifesteront des effets toxiques à un moment ou à un autre de leur traitement. Souvent, cette intoxication est traitable par l’administration de cristalloïdes isotoniques pour favoriser l’excrétion dans l’urine, mais certains patients devront avoir recours à l’hémodialyse. Le présent article expose le cas d’une femme de 66 ans admise après avoir ingéré 12 grammes de lithium à libération immédiate. Vingt-huit heures après l’ingestion du médicament, le taux sérique de lithium a commencé à augmenter malgré une diurèse suffisante et une fonction rénale normale. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que cette situation était attribuable à une absorption retardée par la formation d’un pharmacobézoard, entraînant une pharmacocinétique qui reproduit ce qui a déjà été décrit dans le cas des préparations à libération prolongée. Ce cas illustre l’importance de surveiller les paramètres pharmacocinétiques dans les cas de surdosage, car cela peut attirer l’attention sur des problèmes liés à une absorption prolongée. Cela pourrait avoir des répercussions sur les décisions cliniques concernant l’hémodialyse ou la décontamination intestinale.

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13

Iliescu, Smaranda, Nicoleta Plesu, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Synthetic routes to polyphosphoesters as solid polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2016): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0702.

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AbstractPolyphosphoesters are environmentally friendly and multifunctional materials. They were noted for their special properties, i.e. fire resistance, plasticity, lubricity, high physical-mechanical performance, thermal stability, and as degradable biopolymers which properties can be modified specifically to desired application in medicine, biology and agriculture. They have a wide range of application as: flame retardants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, gene carriers, drug delivery, carriers for the sustained release of nerve growth factor, pH/thermoresponsive materials, or as solid polymer electrolytes. In this paper we present our researches concerning the synthesis and application of polyphosphates, and polyphosphonates using different modern methods. Different approaches were used. These polyphosphoesters were used as solid polymer electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries by complexation of polyphosphoesters obtained from different phospho(n)ric dichlorides and aliphatic or aromatic diols with lithium salts. These polymers present two important features: they have good conductivity, around 10−6 S/cm, and are fire proof.

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14

Couffignal, C., J. Bertrand, S. Sportiche, Marine Jarroir, S. El Balkhi, N. Djebrani-Oussedik, J. Poupon, X. Declèves, F. Mentré, and F. Bellivier. "Population pharmacokinetic modeling of sustained release lithium in the serum, erythrocytes and urine of patients with bipolar disorder." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 75, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-018-2605-3.

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15

Llabrés, M., and J. B. Fariña. "Design and Evaluation of Sustained-Release Tablets of Lithium in a Fat Matrix and Its Bioavailability in Humans." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 80, no. 11 (November 1991): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600801103.

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16

Hollander, Eric, Stefano Pallanti, Andrea Allen, Erica Sood, and Nicolo Baldini Rossi. "Does Sustained-Release Lithium Reduce Impulsive Gambling and Affective Instability Versus Placebo in Pathological Gamblers With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders?" American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 1 (January 2005): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.137.

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17

Ballenger, J. C. "Does Sustained-Release Lithium Reduce Impulsive Gambling and Affective Instability Versus Placebo in Pathological Gamblers With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders?" Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2006 (January 2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70204-4.

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18

Jamal, Tsandni, Carole Hennequin, Rabah Gahoual, Annie Leyris, Jean-Louis Beaudeux, Frédéric J. Baud, and Pascal Houzé. "Is Capillary Electrophoresis a New Tool to Monitor Acute Lithium Poisoning in Human?†." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43, no. 7 (March 16, 2019): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkz013.

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Abstract A 38-year-old man was admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) after supposed ingestion of 504 sustained-release tablets of Theralithe™ corresponding ~200 g of lithium carbonate. At the admission, ~19.5 h after ingestion, the patient was conscious with trembling limbs, intense thirst, profuse sweats and vomiting and lithium serum concentration was 14.2 mmol/L. Toxicological screenings performed in urine and serum, were negative. Patient was treated with continuous extrarenal epuration by continue veno-venous hemodiafiltration starting (CCVHDF) 24 h post-admission and was carried on until 64 h. After 11 days in ICU, the patient was dismissed to the service without sequelae, and transferred to a psychiatric unit. To follow lithium concentrations in serum, urines and dialysates, we developed a simple, rapid and reliable method by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Separation was achieved in 7 min. The method was linear between 0.14 and 1.44 mmol/L for serum samples, and between 0.07 and to 1.44 mmol/L for urines and dialysates. Limits of quantification were 0.15 mmol/L and 0.07 mmol/L for serum and others fluids, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as CV were systematically inferior to 12.1% for serum and 8.2% for other fluids. Results obtained regarding precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were satisfying, with recoveries ranging from 91.0 to 102.0%. Serum, urine and dialysate samples were measured using CZE and flame photometry. We observed a strong correlation between both methods as assessed by linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. For the intoxicated patient, the assay was successfully applied to serum, urine and dialysates to determine the amount of lithium present in circulation and excreted. Lithium amounts in dialysates were estimated to correspond to 89% of total lithium excreted during CCVHF session while urine excretion account only for 11%.

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Mitani, Tomoyuki, Takashi Mato, Hideyo Matsueda, Hidenori Oi, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Kazuyuki Nakata, and Kenji Koshimizu. "A patient who was successfully saved with continuous hemodiafiltration after taking massive doses of lithium carbonate and sustained-release sodium valproate." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 24, no. 7 (2013): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.24.425.

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20

Lu, Chengwu, Linfeng Wang, Libao Zhang, Chaghui Xue, Hong Ye, Xiaojie Chen, Jianbin Wu, and Jin Xiao. "Li-doped calcium phosphate cement for accelerated bone regeneration of osteoporotic bone defect." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 20 (January 2022): 228080002210990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000221099012.

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Osteoporotic fractures seriously endanger the elderly quality of life, especially postmenopausal women. Currently, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is one of the materials used for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. This study intends to investigate the biological effects of lithium (Li)-doped CPC. Li was dissolved into ultrapure water as curing solution to prepare CPC@Li composite material. Li did not affect the morphology of CPC. CPC@Li composite showed a sustained release of Li in 14 days. Compared with CPC, CPC@Li promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells. The result of femur implantation in an osteoporosis mouse model showed that a larger amount of new bone was formed surrounding the CPC@Li implant and closely to the implant surface, indicating favorable osteogenesis and osteointegration capabilities. Li-doped CPC is promising to be used in clinic for its enhanced bone regeneration ability.

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21

Bai, Fengwei, Yan Li, Ziyu Chen, Yongchao Zhou, Chengzong Li, and Tao Li. "Targeted stabilization of solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase in high-voltage lithium-metal batteries by an asymmetric sustained-release strategy." Journal of Power Sources 548 (November 2022): 232045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232045.

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22

Gai, M. N., S. Ferj, E. García, C. Seitz, A. M. Thielemann, and M. T. Andonaegui. "Evaluation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Two Sustained-Release Lithium Carbonate Matrix Tablets. Effect of Different Diets on the Bioavailability." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 25, no. 2 (January 1999): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ddc-100102153.

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23

Shi, Qi, Feng Wu, Haoyu Wang, Yun Lu, Jinyang Dong, Jiayu Zhao, Yibiao Guan, et al. "Smart-responsive sustained-release capsule design enables superior air storage stability and reinforced electrochemical performance of cobalt-free nickel-rich layered cathodes for lithium-ion batteries." Energy Storage Materials 67 (March 2024): 103264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103264.

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Steinberg, Katherine, and Betar M. Gallant. "Probing the Stability of Lithium Carbonate in the Lithium-Metal Solid Electrolyte Interphase." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 4 (August 28, 2023): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-014828mtgabs.

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The chemical composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are two of the key factors that determine the reversibility of lithium-metal (Li) anodes for next-generation batteries. As a result, much of the research aimed at enabling practical Li-metal batteries emphasizes tuning SEI composition, either via electrolyte formulation1–5 or synthesis of artificial SEIs.6–8 Ideally, the lithium SEI should minimize parasitic side reactions by effectively passivating Li while also promoting facile conduction of lithium ions (Li+). To do this, SEI materials must have high (electro)chemical stability, be ionically conductive, and be sufficiently mechanically robust to accommodate substantial volume changes. However, studying these properties in bulk-scale materials often yields values that diverge by orders of magnitude from those observed in SEIs. For example, typical SEI ionic conductivities lie in the range of 10-7-10-9 S cm-1, yet bulk ionic conductivity measurements of relevant materials such as lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, and lithium oxide ranges from 10-18 and 10-10 S cm-1.9 Our group has developed a technique to directly study these materials at realistic length scales by synthesizing model interphases through the reaction of gases with Li.10,11 Our previous work on Li2O and LiF revealed that Li2O is a better Li+ conductor than LiF (~1 x 10-9 S cm-1 vs ~5.2 x 10-10 S cm-1),11 and that these species’ chemical stability varies substantially in different electrolytes.12 One of the remaining key SEI materials is lithium carbonate, which has been proposed to act as a metastable phase in the outer portion of the SEI.13 In this work, we have developed a technique to synthesize Li2CO3 films via sequential reaction of oxygen and carbon dioxide with clean lithium surfaces. Using scanning electron microscopy and air-exposure tests, we can confirm that these films are conformal and generally pinhole-free. Titration gas chromatography (TGC)14 was used to quantify relative proportions of lithium carbonate, metallic lithium, and lithium carbide, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) offers insights into how composition changes across the depth of the film. These films were then used as a platform to further investigate the reactivity of Li2CO3 with different electrolytes, comparing carbonates versus ethers and varying the lithium salt used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers insights into the evolution of transport properties at these interphases, while electrolyte soak tests coupled with gas chromatography of gas-phase products and TGC of solid-phase products can track their chemical evolution. Taken together, this work illuminates how lithium carbonate may evolve during battery cycling, offering perspective that can help guide future design of Li-metal SEIs. References Liu, Y. et al. Solubility-mediated sustained release enabling nitrate additive in carbonate electrolytes for stable lithium metal anode. Nat. Commun. 1–10 (2018). Suo, L. et al. Fluorine-donating electrolytes enable highly reversible 5-V-class Li metal batteries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115, 1156–1161 (2018). Chae, O. B., Adiraju, V. A. K. & Lucht, B. L. Lithium Cyano Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Borate as a Multifunctional Electrolyte Additive for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 3851–3857 (2021). Li, Y. et al. Correlating Structure and Function of Battery Interphases at Atomic Resolution Using Cryoelectron Microscopy. Joule 2, 2167–2177 (2018). Zhao, Q. et al. Upgrading Carbonate Electrolytes for Ultra‐stable Practical Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 61, e2021162 (2021). Zhao, J. et al. Surface Fluorination of Reactive Battery Anode Materials for Enhanced Stability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 11550–11558 (2017). Li, Y. et al. Robust Pinhole-free Li3N solid electrolyte grown from molten lithium. ACS Cent. Sci. 4, 97–104 (2018). Kozen, A. C. et al. Next-Generation Lithium Metal Anode Engineering via Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Nano 9, 5884–5892 (2015). Lorger, S., Narita, K., Usiskin, R. & Maier Films of Li, J. Enhanced ion transport in Li2O and Li2S films. Chem. Commun 57, 6503–6506 (2021). He, M., Guo, R., Hobold, G. M., Gao, H. & Gallant, B. M. The intrinsic behavior of lithium fluoride in solid electrolyte interphases on lithium. PNAS 117, 73–79 (2020). Guo, R. & Gallant, B. M. Li 2 O Solid Electrolyte Interphase: Probing Transport Properties at the Chemical Potential of Lithium. Chem. Mater 32, 5525–5533 (2020). Guo, R., Wang, D., Zuin, L. & Gallant, B. M. Reactivity and Evolution of Ionic Phases in the Lithium Solid−Electrolyte Interphase. ACS Energy Lett. 877–885 (2021) doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00117. Han, B. et al. Poor Stability of Li2CO3 in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase of a Lithium-Metal Anode Revealed by Cryo-Electron Microscopy. Adv. Mater. 33, 2100404 (2021). Hobold, G. M. & Gallant, B. M. Quantifying Capacity Loss Mechanisms of Li Metal Anodes beyond Inactive Li0. ACS Energy Lett. 4, 3458–3466 (2022).

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Patranika, Tamara, Kristina Edström, and Guiomar Hernández. "Investigation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Silicon Wafers Using a Fluorine-Free Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022302mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become an important solution for energy storage owing to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. The electrolyte solution of the battery has a large effect on the stability and performance of the cell. During the first cycles of a battery, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is formed due to the degradation of the electrolyte. Hence the composition of this layer, and the stability, are dependent on the electrolyte composition. The most commonly used electrolyte for Li-ion batteries is the salt lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 dissolved in organic solvents together with additives, both containing fluorinated compounds.1 However these fluorinated compounds are susceptible to release HF which is toxic and corrosive which could be detrimental for the cell performance but also hinder the recycling process. Therefore, fluorine-free electrolytes could be a promising alternative. While this type of electrolytes has been investigated with graphite anodes, when moving to higher energy densities, such as silicon, their performance and degradation mechanism is not yet clear.2 Previous research has shown increased stability for Li-ion batteries using a fluorine-free electrolyte based on the salt lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB).2 Furthermore, operando X-ray reflectometry (XRR) measurements on silicon wafers half-cells with the same electrolyte have shown the build-up of multiple layers on the anode, providing the thicknesses and densities of the different layers. This work presents the chemical composition of these different layers formed on the silicon wafers at different potentials when using a fluorine-free electrolyte based on LiBOB in ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate. These results are also compared with the effect of adding vinylene carbonate VC as an additive. The different components in these layers are correlated to the previous XRR data to explain the SEI-formation mechanism with fluorine-free electrolytes. Xu, K. Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries. Chem Rev 104, (2004). Hernández, G. et al. Elimination of fluorination: The influence of fluorine-free electrolytes on the performance of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2/silicon-graphite li-ion battery cells. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8, (2020).

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26

Zhao, Hai-Yan, Releken-Yeersheng, Ya-Yi Xia, Xing-Wen Han, Chao Zhang, and Wen-Ji Wang. "Enhanced Bone Regeneration and Bone Defect Repair Using Magnesium/Lithium-Co-Modified, Porous, Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3681.

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Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been frequently used in clinic, but it is hard to be degraded, and insufficient in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aimed to modify HA by doping magnesium/lithium (Mg/Li) and assess the Mg/LiHA scaffold's bone regeneration and bone defect repair effects. Materials and Methods: The biomaterial was identified using XRD, FTIR and SEM. The porosity, cell mediated degradation behavior and mechanical property were investigated. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and adhesion were also exploited. Finally, osteogenic effect of Mg/LiHA scaffold in vitro, and bone defect repair effect in vivo were researched. Results: The results suggested that low-content of Mg/Li incorporation did not influence on the structure of HA. The cells mediated degradation experiments indicated that Mg/Li doped HA could improve the biological degradation and release the Mg2+ and Li+ sustainedly. The compressive strength of Mg/LiHA scaffolds with 63% porosity reached to 3.9 MPa. Cells proliferation and adhesion experiments demonstrated that Mg/LiHA scaffolds were beneficial to cell growth and attachment. Furthermore, Mg/LiHA scaffolds increased ALP expression, calcium phosphate deposition and VEGF expression in vitro. The bone defect repair in vivo was enhanced by using Mg/LiHA scaffolds. Conclusion: Mg/Li-co-substituted HA could enhance bone regeneration and bone defect repair, and may be recommended to further research on bone defect repair.

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27

Breit, Andreas, Laura Miek, Johann Schredelseker, Mirjam Geibel, Martha Merrow, and Thomas Gudermann. "Insulin-like growth factor-1 acts as a zeitgeber on hypothalamic circadian clock gene expression via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 44 (September 14, 2018): 17278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004429.

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Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (BMAL-1) is an important component of the cellular circadian clock. Proteins such as epidermal (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) affect the cellular clock via extracellular signal–regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2) in NIH3T3 or neuronal stem cells, but no such data are available for the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The hypothalamus expresses receptors for all three growth factors, acts as a central circadian pacemaker, and releases hormones in a circadian fashion. However, little is known about growth factor–induced modulation of clock gene activity in hypothalamic cells. Here, we investigated effects of IGF-1, EGF, or NGF on the Bmal-1 promoter in two hypothalamic cell lines. We found that only IGF-1 but not EGF or NGF enhanced activity of the Bmal-1 promoter. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 activity did not affect IGF-1–induced Bmal-1 promoter activation and all three growth factors similarly phosphorylated ERK-1/2, questioning a role for ERK-1/2 in controlling BMAL-1 promoter activity. Of note, only IGF-1 induced sustained phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, the GSK-3β inhibitor lithium or siRNA-mediated GSK-3β knockdown diminished the effects of IGF-1 on the Bmal-1 promoter. When IGF-1 was used in the context of temperature cycles entraining hypothalamic clock gene expression to a 24-h rhythm, it shifted the phase of Bmal-1 promoter activity, indicating that IGF-1 functions as a zeitgeber for cellular hypothalamic circadian clocks. Our results reveal that IGF-1 regulates clock gene expression and that GSK-3β but not ERK-1/2 is required for the IGF-1–mediated regulation of the Bmal-1 promoter in hypothalamic cells.

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Gao, Weiran, Javit Drake, and Fikile R. Brushett. "Towards Efficient Thermal Management within Intercalation Batteries through Electrolyte Convection." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025557mtgabs.

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Ubiquitous in consumer electronics and emergent in transportation and stationary applications, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the state-of-the-art energy storage technology due to their energy density, roundtrip efficiency, and cycle life.1,2 While the past decade has seen a steady decline in battery price and concomitant increase in energy density due to a combination of materials development, manufacturing advances, and market scale,3,4 current LIBs are still unable to meet the often incongruous power and energy requirements of newer applications (e.g., fast charging of energy-dense batteries).5,6 In addition, these more extreme operating environments challenge battery longevity and safety, necessitating responsive balance-of-plant systems which include thermal management systems that control cell temperatures using heat transfer media. At elevated temperatures, accelerated solid-electrolyte interphase growth and component decomposition may lead to capacity/power fade,7,8 and, in the worst cases, thermal runaway and hazardous releases. Within the battery cell, temperature gradients lead to non-uniform electrode reaction distribution, and subsequently reduced cell performance and cycle life.8 Thus, typical LIB operating temperature ranges are constrained between 20 ℃ and 40 ℃, with minimal temperature differences across the cell. Most current thermal management systems rely on heat exchange through the surface or tab of the cell with a cooling media (air, liquid, phase-change materials, etc.).9,10 While generally sufficient under many of today’s applications (low C-rates), this approach can be challenged by newer applications, such as those that require high power input/output (EV fast charging, electric aviation), or need large battery formats (stationary storage systems). In this presentation, we will describe a novel concept of thermal management through forced convection of the electrolyte through the porous electrodes and separator. By leveraging battery simulation and dimensional analysis, we demonstrate that: (1) electrolyte convection provides efficient heat removal capability by carrying the generated heat out of the cell through the flowing medium; (2) the elimination of electrolyte concentration gradient by flow, and the resulting smaller ohmic resistance, concentration and activation overpotentials, help prevent cell temperature rise through reduced heat generation rate. Compared to current thermal management systems, this approach offers several important potential advantages, including (1) reduced internal temperature gradient, (2) rapid response time to temperature regulation, (3) simplifications to manufacturing, and ultimately, and (4) reduced system costs and improved battery safety. References: Zubi, G. et al. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 89, 292–308 (2018). Blomgren, G. E. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, A5019–A5025 (2017). Nykvist, B. & Nilsson, M. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 329–332 (2015). Schmuch, R.et al. Nat. Energy 3, 267–278 (2018). Ahmed, S. et al. J. Power Sources 367, 250–262 (2017). Bills, A.et al. ACS Energy Lett. 5, 663–668 (2020). Tomaszewska, A. et al. eTransportation 1, 100011 (2019). Wu, W. et al. Energy Convers. Manag. 182, 262–281 (2019). Zichen, W. & Changqing, D. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 139, 110685 (2021). Tete, P. R. et al. J. Energy Storage 35, 102255 (2021).

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"Sustained Release Lithium Produces Widely Varying Serum Levels." InPharma 547, no. 1 (July 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03299584.

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Pompili, Maurizio, Carlo Magistri, Cristiano Mellini, Giuseppe Sarli, and Ross J. Baldessarini. "Comparison of immediate and sustained release formulations of lithium salts." International Review of Psychiatry, September 21, 2022, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2122706.

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You, Yu, Haofan Duan, Hongming Tan, Qiao Huang, Qingyu Li, Xianyou Wang, Jianyu Huang, Guobao Xu, and Gang Wang. "Sustained Release‐Driven Interface Engineering Enables Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries." Small, January 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202310843.

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AbstractLiNO3 has attracted intensive attention as a promising electrolyte additive to regulate Li deposition behavior as it can form favorable Li3N, LiNxOy species to improve the interfacial stability. However, the inferior solubility in carbonate‐based electrolyte restricts its application in high‐voltage Li metal batteries. Herein, an artificial composite layer (referred to as PML) composed of LiNO3 and PMMA is rationally designed on Li surface. The PML layer serves as a reservoir for LiNO3 release gradually to the electrolyte during cycling, guaranteeing the stability of SEI layer for uniform Li deposition. The PMMA matrix not only links the nitrogen‐containing species for uniform ionic conductivity but also can be coordinated with Li for rapid Li ions migration, resulting in homogenous Li‐ion flux and dendrite‐free morphology. As a result, stable and dendrite‐free plating/stripping behaviors of Li metal anodes are achieved even at an ultrahigh current density of 20 mA cm−2 (>570 h) and large areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 (>1200 h). Moreover, the Li||LiFePO4 full cell using PML‐Li anode undergoes stable cycling for 2000 cycles with high‐capacity retention of 94.8%. This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO3 in carbonate‐based electrolyte for practical LMBs.

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Shan, Zhengjie, Lv Xie, Haiwen Liu, Jiamin Shi, Peisheng Zeng, Mixiao Gui, Xianzhe Wei, et al. "“Gingival Soft Tissue Integrative” Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics with High Mechanical Properties and Sustained-Release Lithium Ions." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, December 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c17033.

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Wang, Tianyi, Yanbin Li, Jinqiang Zhang, Kang Yan, Pauline Jaumaux, Jian Yang, Chengyin Wang, et al. "Immunizing lithium metal anodes against dendrite growth using protein molecules to achieve high energy batteries." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (October 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19246-2.

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Abstract The practical applications of lithium metal anodes in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries have been hindered by their formation and growth of lithium dendrites. Herein, we discover that certain protein could efficiently prevent and eliminate the growth of wispy lithium dendrites, leading to long cycle life and high Coulombic efficiency of lithium metal anodes. We contend that the protein molecules function as a “self-defense” agent, mitigating the formation of lithium embryos, thus mimicking natural, pathological immunization mechanisms. When added into the electrolyte, protein molecules are automatically adsorbed on the surface of lithium metal anodes, particularly on the tips of lithium buds, through spatial conformation and secondary structure transformation from α-helix to β-sheets. This effectively changes the electric field distribution around the tips of lithium buds and results in homogeneous plating and stripping of lithium metal anodes. Furthermore, we develop a slow sustained-release strategy to overcome the limited dispersibility of protein in the ether-based electrolyte and achieve a remarkably enhanced cycling performance of more than 2000 cycles for lithium metal batteries.

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Liu, Yayuan, Dingchang Lin, Yuzhang Li, Guangxu Chen, Allen Pei, Oliver Nix, Yanbin Li, and Yi Cui. "Solubility-mediated sustained release enabling nitrate additive in carbonate electrolytes for stable lithium metal anode." Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06077-5.

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Ye, Ang, Zhiwei Zhu, Zhongfeng Ji, Xuewei He, Yan He, Xuewei Fu, Wei Yang, and Yu Wang. "Electrochemical Active Micro‐Protein Coating by Self‐Assembling 2D‐Microfluidics for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anode." Advanced Functional Materials, October 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202310593.

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AbstractMicrofluidics is of great interest for nano‐/micro‐fabrication but is conventionally limited inside microchannels. Breaking this restriction and developing 2D‐microfluidics is anticipated to expand the potential of microfluidics. Here, by harnessing the capillary effect of porous battery separator, a concept of self‐assembling capillary 2D‐microfluidics is proposed to achieve well‐controlled functional coating onto the separator thin‐film. The capillary‐assisted liquid tailoring behavior of this 2D‐microfluidics is investigated by both experimental and simulation studies, and the capillary number is found as the key parameter controlling the 2D‐micofluid thickness. For application studies, zein protein solution is employed for this 2D‐microfluidics to generate electrochemical active and self‐assembled protein microsphere coating onto the separator after drying. The resultant protein microsphere functionalized separator (PMFS) can physiochemically stabilize the surface of lithium metal anode. First, the PMFS works as spherical template to regulate uniform deposition of lithium ions. Second, similar to sustained drug release, the PMFS releases dissolved protein as functional additive into liquid electrolyte, assisting to form robust solid‐electrolyte‐interphase with highly conductive Li–C–N component. This work not only proposes a facile self‐assembling 2D‐microfluidic technology for surface nano‐/micro‐fabrication, but also brings forth a promising protein‐based physicochemical strategy for stabilizing lithium metal anode.

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Lokshin, Vladimir, Lina Soni, Sujata Shrestha, and Helena Abby Guber. "SAT-517 A Rare Case of Lithium-Induced Thyroiditis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.555.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Lithium is known to cause both hypo- and rarely hyper- thyroidism. It inhibits release of thyroid hormone and reduces the intrathyroidal iodothyronine/iodothyrosine ratio. Due to direct toxic or immunostimulatory effect, lithium can also cause thyroiditis. Lithium-induced thyroiditis is a rare entity with an incidence rate of about 1.3 cases per 1000 person-years. Given its generally painless and transient nature, symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may erroneously be attributed to an exacerbation of mania. Clinical Case: We report the case of a 29 y/o man with bipolar disorder on lithium therapy who presented with a 2 week history of intermittent palpitations, increased irritability, racing thoughts, insomnia, tremors, increased bowel movement frequency, and 8 lbs weight loss despite an excellent appetite. He denied ocular symptoms, and did not have any recent illness, or new stressors. He had been on a stable dose of lithium for four years. The physical exam was notable for: pulse 78 bpm and regular, exophthalmos, and a palpable, non-tender, non-nodular, thyroid. Labs: TSH 0.008 uIU/ml [0.350 - 5.50], FT3 6.5 pg/ml [2.0 - 4.4], T3 2.08 ng/mL [0.6–1.94] and FT4 1.96 ng/dl [0.8 - 2.7]. TPO, TSI and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were negative. The lithium level was in the therapeutic range. Thyroid Uptake Scan showed decreased uptake of 2.6 % [normal 10–35%]. He was started on methimazole 20mg daily and atenolol, lithium was changed to risperidone by Psychiatry. After 2 months, hyperthyroid symptoms had resolved, and he was biochemically hypothyroid (FT4 0.85 ng/dl, TSH 20uIU/ml). Methimazole and atenolol were discontinued, with sustained euthyroid state. Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism may develop after several years of lithium therapy. It may be mistaken for aggravation of mania, or for Grave’s disease, especially since lithium and Graves’ are both associated with exophthalmos. Key issues for management are whether to continue lithium and deciding if the incorporation of antithyroid medications is necessary. Of utmost importance is regular monitoring of thyroid function tests to ensure resolution of thyroiditis and to avoid the development of overt hypothyroidism.

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Peng, Qingkui, Ziyi Liu, Lihua Jiang, and Qingsong Wang. "Optimized Cycle and Safety Performance of Lithium–Metal Batteries with the Sustained‐Release Effect of Nano CaCO ₃." Advanced Energy Materials, April 16, 2022, 2104021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202104021.

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Zhang, Xin, Kai Nan, Yuankai Zhang, Keke Song, Zilong Geng, Donglong Shang, and Lihong Fan. "Lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 11 (January 4, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1288393.

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Healing of severe fractures and bone defects involves many complex biological processes, including angiogenesis and osteogenesis, presenting significant clinical challenges. Biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering often possess multiple functions to meet these challenges, including proangiogenic, proosteogenic, and antibacterial properties. We fabricated lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Li-Co-MBGNs) using a modified sol-gel method. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the nanoparticles had high specific surface areas (>600 m2/g) and a mesoporous structure suitable for hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and sustained release of therapeutic ions. In vitro experiments with Li-Co-MBGNs showed that these promoted angiogenic properties in HUVECs and pro-osteogenesis abilities in BMSCs by releasing Co2+ and Li+ ions. We observed their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential applications in bone tissue engineering. Overall, our findings indicate the feasibility of its application in bone tissue engineering.

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Su, Ben, Xingyu Wang, Lei Chai, Sida Huo, Jingyi Qiu, Qiang Huang, Shuang Li, Yue Wang, and Wendong Xue. "Cation‐Loaded Porous Mg²⁺‐Zeolite Layer Direct Dendrite‐Free Deposition toward Long‐Life Lithium Metal Anodes." Advanced Science, April 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202308939.

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AbstractLithium metal, with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, is considered as an ideal anode material for the lithium‐ion batteries. However, its practical application is severely plagued by the uncontrolled formation of dendritic Li. Here, a cation‐loaded porous Mg2+‐Zeolite layer is proposed to enable the dendrite‐free deposition on the surface of Li metal anode. The skeleton channels of zeolite provide the low coordinated Li+‐solvation groups, leading to the faster desolvation process at the interface. Meanwhile, anions‐involved solvation sheath induces a stable, inorganic‐rich SEI, contributing to the uniform Li+ flux through the interface. Furthermore, the co‐deposition of sustained release Mg2+ realizes a new faster migration pathway, which proactively facilitates the uniform diffusion of Li on the lithium substrate. The synergistic modulation of these kinetic processes facilitates the homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior. Based on this synergistic mechanism, the high‐efficiency deposition with cyclic longevity exceeding 2100 h is observed in the symmetric Li/Li cell with Mg2+‐Zeolite modified anode at 1 mA cm−2. The pouch cell matched with LiFePO4 cathode fulfills a capacity retention of 88.4% after 100 cycles at a severe current density of 1 C charge/discharge. This synergistic protective mechanism can give new guidance for realizing the safe and high‐performance Li metal batteries.

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Bai, Fengwei, Yan Li, Ziyu Chen, Yongchao Zhou, Chengzong Li, and Tao Li. "Targeted Stabilization of Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Cathode Electrolyte Interphase in High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries by an Asymmetric Sustained-Release Strategy." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4162771.

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Chen, Ya, Wenwen Li, Changzhi Sun, Jun Jin, Qing Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Wenping Zha, and Zhaoyin Wen. "Sustained Release‐Driven Formation of Ultrastable SEI between Li 6 PS 5 Cl and Lithium Anode for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials, December 18, 2020, 2002545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002545.

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42

Liang, Chaoan, Qiming Jiang, Yi Yu, Tao Xu, Hanyu Sun, Feilong Deng, and Xiaolin Yu. "Antibacterial Evaluation of Lithium-Loaded Nanofibrous Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Membranes Fabricated via an Electrospinning Strategy." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.676874.

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Lithium (Li) reportedly has anti-bacterial properties. Thus, it is an ideal option to modify barrier membranes used for guided bone regeneration to inhibit the bacterial adhesion. The aims of this study were to fabricate and characterize nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing Li, and investigate their antibacterial effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. Li (5%Li, 10%Li, and 15%Li)-loaded nanofibrous PLLA membranes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique, and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a contact angle measuring device, and a universal testing machine. Sustained release of Li ions was measured over a 14-day period and biocompatibility of the Li-PLLA membranes was investigated. Evaluation of bacterial adhesion and antibacterial activity were conducted by bacterial colony counting, LIVE/DEAD staining and inhibition zone method using P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans. Of the three Li-loaded membranes assessed, the 10%Li-PLLA membrane had the best mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Adhesion of both P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans on Li-PLLA membranes was significantly lower than adhesion on pure PLLA membranes, particularly with regard to the 10%Li and 15%Li membranes. Significant antibacterial activity of Li-PLLA were also observed against according to the inhibition zone test. Given their better mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity, PLLAs with 10%Li are a better choice for future clinical utilization. The pronounced antibacterial effects of Li-loaded PLLA membranes sets the stage for further application in guided bone regeneration.

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He, Fupo, Xinyuan Yuan, Wenhao Fu, Wenhao Huang, Tengyun Chen, Songheng Feng, Huaiyu Wang, and Jiandong Ye. "Preparation of lithium-containing magnesium phosphate-based composite ceramics having high compressive strength, osteostimulation and proangiogenic effects." Biomedical Materials, September 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/acf985.

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Abstract Fairly high concentrations of magnesium and lithium are conducive to improving the osteogenic and angiogenic capacities. In the current study, lithium-containing magnesium phosphate-based ceramics (AMP/LMPGs) were prepared from amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) at a low sintering temperature (650°C), and the lithium/magnesium-containing phosphate glasses (LMPGs) were utilized as sintering additives. During the sintering procedure of AMP/LMPGs, the AMP reacted with LMPGs, producing new compounds. The AMP/LMPGs displayed nano-size grains and plentiful micropores. The addition of LMPGs noticeably increased the porosity as well as compressive strength of the AMP/LMPGs ceramics. The AMP/LMPGs sustainedly released Mg, P and Li ions, forming Mg-rich ionic microenvironment, which ameliorated cellular proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and proangiogenic capacities. The AMP/LMPGs ceramics with considerably high compressive strength, osteostimulation and proangiogenic effects were expected to efficiently regenerate the bone defects.

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