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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainable resistance management'
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Alout, Haoues, Pierrick Labbé, Arnaud Berthomieu, Luc Djogbénou, Jean-Paul Leonetti, Philippe Fort, and Mylène Weill. "Novel AChE Inhibitors for Sustainable Insecticide Resistance Management." PLoS ONE 7, no. 10 (October 8, 2012): e47125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047125.
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Soteres, John, Les Glasgow, Mark Peterson, Tim Obrigawitch, Richard Evans, Harry Strek, John Pawlak, and Sam Wilson. "Herbicide Resistance Management and Sustainable AG: An Industry Perspective." Outlooks on Pest Management 24, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v24_oct_11.
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Thomsen, Edward K., Clare Strode, Kay Hemmings, Angela J. Hughes, Emmanuel Chanda, Mulenga Musapa, Mulakwa Kamuliwo, et al. "Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 16, 2014): e99822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099822.
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Hurley, Terrance M., and George Frisvold. "Economic Barriers to Herbicide-Resistance Management." Weed Science 64, SP1 (September 2016): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00046.1.
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Herbicide-resistant weeds are the result of evolutionary processes that make it easy to think about the problem from a purely biological perspective. Yet, the act of weed management, guided by human production of food and fiber, drives this biological process. Thus, the problem is socioeconomic as well as biological. The purpose of this article is to explain how well-known socioeconomic phenomena create barriers to herbicide-resistance management and highlight important considerations for knocking down these barriers. The key message is that the multidimensional problem requires a multifaceted approach that recognizes differences among farmers; engages the regulatory, academic, extension, seed and chemical suppliers, and farmer communities; and aligns the diverse interests of the members of these communities with a common goal that benefits all—more sustainable weed management. It also requires an adaptive approach that transitions from moreuniform and costly standards and incentives, which can be effective in the near-term but are unsustainable, to more-targeted and less-costly approaches that are sustainable in the long term.
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Staub, Theodor. "Induced Disease Resistance in Crop Health Management." Plant Health Progress 2, no. 1 (January 2001): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2001-0913-01-ps.
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With the introduction of the first reliable chemical activator of broad disease resistance for several crops, an additional tool is available for the design of more sustainable disease control strategies (6). The goal remains to integrate all available genetic, cultural, biological, and chemical methods for disease control in a way to optimize their benefits and minimize their risks for producers, consumers, and the environment. Accepted for publication 6 September 2001. Published 13 September 2001.
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Lipschutz, Ronnie D. "Ohmage to Resistance." Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001570732.
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This essay disputes the arguments made by Robert Paehlke and John Dryzek in their contributions to this issue of Global Environmental Politics. Both reform and resistance are necessary, but not sufficient, elements in collective efforts to facilitating global and local environmental protection and sustainable development. What is essential, as well, are campaigns to establish alternative institutional frameworks for the fulfillment of these goals. This essay suggests that initiatives such as those found around the issue of sustainable forestry practices might be the basis for such frameworks and, in the long run, could pressure both capital and governments to agree on strengthened and effective systems of public environmental regulation. The essay also notes the so-called democratic deficit among non-governmental organizations and movements, but questions whether there is any democracy among capitals and international institutions.
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Markakis, Emmanouil A., Nikolaos Krasagakis, Ioanna Manolikaki, Anastasia A. Papadaki, Georgios Kostelenos, and Georgios Koubouris. "Evaluation of Olive Varieties Resistance for Sustainable Management of Verticillium Wilt." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159342.
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Verticillium wilt resulting from infection by Verticillium dahliae is one of the most devastating soilborne fungi of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) worldwide. The pathogen infects a wide variety of plants and can survive in the soil for many years, and chemicals cannot control it. Therefore, sustainable disease management strategies are suggested, with the exploitation of host resistance as the most predominant control measure in practice. In addition, disease risk assessment in commonly used plant genotypes is a prominent issue. In this respect, nine commercially grown Greek olive varieties (‘Amfissis’, ‘Atsiholou’, ‘Chalkidikis’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Kothreiki’, ‘Koutsourelia’, ‘Mastoidis’, ‘Megaritiki’, and ‘Tragolia’) and one variety of international interest (‘Picual’) were comparatively evaluated for their resistance to V. dahliae. The roots of young plants were immersed in a concentrated conidial suspension in order to perform an artificial inoculation. We evaluated disease reactions in a 140-day assessment period based on external symptoms (disease severity, disease incidence, and mortality) and calculated the relative areas under disease progress curves (relative AUDPC). The process of qPCR was used to evaluate V. dahliae DNA in vascular tissues and plant growth parameters (height and fresh weight). A cumulative stress response was calculated to consider the overall effect of V. dahliae on olive cultivars. The olive varieties resistance to V. dahliae varied significantly, with ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Tragolia’, and ‘Atsiholou’ being the most resistant. Interestingly, most tested varieties showed a significantly low resistance level, suggesting increased risk for the Greek olive industry due to V. dahliae.
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Mundt, Christopher C. "Durable resistance: A key to sustainable management of pathogens and pests." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 27 (October 2014): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.011.
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Sorensen, Charlene, and Rachel Sarjeant-Jenkins. "Sustainable growth with sustainable resources." Library Management 37, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-04-2016-0022.
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Purpose – Libraries are situated in an ever-changing research, teaching, learning, and scholarly communications environment. Faculty and students have new and different expectations that are compelling libraries to expand their offerings. At the same time, their broader institutions are also facing changing times and academic libraries are being asked to demonstrate value and justify the use of limited and high-demand resources. In order to address the resulting challenge, the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) Library undertook a process to deliver relevant and responsive (and, therefore, reflective and adaptable) library services while working within its current librarian complement. Significant changes were necessary for this to be successful: the librarians would need to undertake new responsibilities, learn new skills, and engage with learners and researchers in new ways. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The U of S Library chose to meet this challenge through a multi-part approach comprised of regular participative consultations with librarians and a grassroots-based planning process underpinned by change management methodology. Findings – This approach resulted in widespread employee engagement, from initially clarifying the necessary change and throughout the change implementation. This led to a sense of ownership, responsibility, and accountability. Originality/value – Change is difficult and often met with resistance. The U of S Library presents a case of successfully engaging library employees throughout a change process, demonstrating the importance of bringing together participative consultation, grassroots planning, and change management as a combined change implementation approach.
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Dwivedi, Nihal, Dipender Kumar, and Priyanka Suryavanshi. "Precision farming techniques for sustainable weed management." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 02 (2022): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.82142149.
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Weed management in modern agriculture is crucial to avoid yield losses and ensure food security. Climate change, intensive agricultural practices, and natural disasters change weed dynamics, requiring changes in weed management strategies. In addition to labor shortages, manual and chemical control options are no longer viable because of weed resistance to herbicides and the effects of eco-degradation and health hazards. As a result, weed management strategies that boost agricultural productivity are urgently needed. Precision agriculture has become one alternative for managing weeds, using tools and technologies to boost farm productivity. Recent innovations in precision application technology have made it possible to make smaller treatment units that can be applied to meet sitespecific demands. These systems combine ground-based and aerial weed sensing systems (that are site-specific, need-specific, and cost-effective) with integrated weed management. Despite the viability of all of these strategies in today's agriculture, site-specific selections and the appropriate combination of these eco-friendly strategies can efficiently reduce herbicide use, and ensure environmental protection while enhancing weed control efficiency and crop yield.
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Chand, Himani. "HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE IN PEST MANAGEMENT." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.02.2021.54.58.
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Host Plant Resistance (HPR) is an effective, economical and eco-friendly method introduced for pest management. The concept of HPR has been emphasized mainly in order to reduce the use of pesticides as it provides opportunities to improve research and extension documentation to assist producers. It can also be taken as an effective tool for sustainable agriculture also focusing over the creation of organic farming where very low doses of pesticides are said to be applied if we can focus over this technology. But still in Nepal, the limitation of germplasm availability and development of biotype that can overcome resistance compared to the developed and other developing countries creates disadvantageous situations to completely depend upon this technology right now. Much interest in biotechnology relative to developing insect-resistant plants is in methods known collectively as genetic transformation, rDNA methods, or genetic engineering. These methods enable transfer of a resistance gene that could not be transferred by traditional sexual hybridization. NARC and Government need to prioritize moreover to the entomological research from onwards by increasing manpower in this sector and developing improved resistant and also regarding storage and multiplication of those germplasms.
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Nath, Subhradal, Sanju Mandal, Susanta Pal, Suresh Jadhao, Namrata Ottalwar, and Prabir Sanyal. "Impact and Management of Acaricide Resistance- Pertaining to Sustainable Control of Ticks." International Journal of Livestock Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180402121612.
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Daub, Claus-Heinrich, Yvonne Scherrer, and Arie Verkuil. "Exploring Reasons for the Resistance to Sustainable Management within Non-Profit Organizations." Sustainability 6, no. 6 (May 26, 2014): 3252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6063252.
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Bosi, Sara, Lorenzo Negri, Mattia Accorsi, Loredana Baffoni, Francesca Gaggia, Diana Di Gioia, Giovanni Dinelli, and Ilaria Marotti. "Biostimulants for Sustainable Management of Sport Turfgrass." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030539.
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Research on the efficacy of innovative, ecofriendly biostimulants in sport turf management is scarce, with less information available from open-field experiments, and even less pertaining to thatch control-related problems. The objective was to investigate the open-field effectiveness of a commercial product, EM-1, and two newly developed products, ExpA and ExpB, in improving both rhizosphere and turfgrass, Agrostis stoloniferous L., characteristics on a golf green. ExpA and ExpB, identical in microbial composition, were equally effective in significantly increasing chlorophyll synthesis and visual turf quality, as well as in resistance to tearing out, compared to the untreated control 56 days after treatment (DAT). EM-1 showed intermediate trends between the control and novel biostimulants. The inclusion of humic acids and mycorrhizal fungi to the microbial composition in ExpB significantly improved some rhizosphere properties 56 DAT relative to the control. Results on ExpB evidenced a significant decrease in the thatch layer thickness and fresh leaf weight, associated with a significant increase in the humus thickness, organic matter decomposition and evapotranspiration efficiency. An increased dry leaf biomass was also shown. ExpA and EM-1 showed either marginal or intermediate improvements relative to the control. ExpB represents a promising alternative to alleviate negative environmental impacts associated with turf maintenance-related activities.
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Woodgate, R. G., and R. B. Besier. "Sustainable use of anthelmintics in an Integrated Parasite Management Program for sheep nematodes." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10022.
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Anthelmintic resistance is a major problem affecting sheep nematode control; however, chemical treatments will always be a likely routine part of any parasite control program. The present paper, with the aim of minimising the selection pressure for worsening anthelmintic resistance, outlines important practical and strategic aspects of planning the anthelmintic component of an integrated approach to sheep worm management.
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Kuroda, Toshimasa, Toshiaki Satake, and Hideyuki Nishihara. "Asset management system for business management of water suppliers." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.081.
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Many water suppliers in Japan are required to renew aged waterworks facilities systematically in spite of the decline in revenues due to the decrease in the population. Moreover, they are needed to build waterworks facilities with high earthquake resistance. Therefore, it is necessary for water suppliers to manage waterworks effectively and efficiently in order to build sustainable waterworks. In this paper, to support sound business management, a method of water asset management is arranged systematically. And also an actual example with this systematic method in a water supplier is introduced in which reduction of renewal costs by optimization of ability of the waterworks facilities and setting renewal cycle standards is explained. Furthermore, a perspective of renewal costs taking into account the acceleration of earthquake-resistance strengthening plan and equalization of renewal demands is shown.
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Здольник, Daria Zdolnik, Тищенко, Olga Tishchenko, Тищенко, and Nazar Tishchenko. "Resistance to Sustainability Innovations in the Oil and Gas Sphere." Russian Journal of Project Management 6, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_595f76094653f3.91663060.
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The article analyzes the main causes of resistance to the principles of the sustainable development concept as the results of the research in the oil company "Bashneft". In addition, the article describes the main risks of the industry, which led to changes in strategy and, as a consequence, changes in project portfolio, including sustainable development projects. There is also a system of the implementation management of the changes related to the sustainable development concept developed and the main methods of combating and preventing resistance identified in the article.
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Kumar, Revappa Mohan, Basana-Gowda Gadratagi, Venkatesh Paramesh, Parveen Kumar, Yamanura Madivalar, Nagesha Narayanappa, and Farman Ullah. "Sustainable Management of Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092150.
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The fall armyworm of maize, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is capable of causing a 100% yield loss due to its unforeseen occurrence from the seedling to the cob formation stage. To manage this serious pest, maize growers are tending to apply a high dosage of pesticides. This indiscriminate usage of pesticides has resulted in an unacceptable amount of insect resurgence in maize, harming maize production and consumption. In this review, we prepared a list of practical pest management options, including host plant resistance, agronomical, cultural, biological, botanical, chemical, and biotechnology approaches. It was found that cultivation of tolerant genotypes, adjusting sowing windows, and practicing specific intercultural and cropping systems measures in addition to chemical and non-chemical pest management strategies showed encouraging results for sustainable management of fall armyworm, which could protect the crop. This review highlights novel and successful management options advocated in various parts of the world. Recommendations documented in this paper would certainly pave the way for successful management of fall armyworm in maize and other concerned crops.
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Monteiro, António, and Sérgio Santos. "Sustainable Approach to Weed Management: The Role of Precision Weed Management." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010118.
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In the last few decades, the increase in the world’s population has created a need to produce more food, generating, consequently, greater pressure on agricultural production. In addition, problems related to climate change, water scarcity or decreasing amounts of arable land have serious implications for farming sustainability. Weeds can affect food production in agricultural systems, decreasing the product quality and productivity due to the competition for natural resources. On the other hand, weeds can also be considered to be valuable indicators of biodiversity because of their role in providing ecosystem services. In this sense, there is a need to carry out an effective and sustainable weed management process, integrating the various control methods (i.e., cultural, mechanical and chemical) in a harmonious way, without harming the entire agrarian ecosystem. Thus, intensive mechanization and herbicide use should be avoided. Herbicide resistance in some weed biotypes is a major concern today and must be tackled. On the other hand, the recent development of weed control technologies can promote higher levels of food production, lower the amount of inputs needed and reduce environmental damage, invariably bringing us closer to more sustainable agricultural systems. In this paper, we review the most common conventional and non-conventional weed control strategies from a sustainability perspective, highlighting the application of the precision and automated weed control technologies associated with precision weed management (PWM).
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Tregidga, Helen, Markus J. Milne, and Kate Kearins. "Ramping Up Resistance: Corporate Sustainable Development and Academic Research." Business & Society 57, no. 2 (October 26, 2015): 292–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315611459.
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We argue the need for academics to resist and challenge the hegemonic discourse of sustainable development within the corporate context. Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory provides a useful framework for recognizing the complex nature of sustainable development and a way of conceptualizing counter-hegemonies. Published empirical research that analyzes sustainable development discourse within corporate reports is examined to consider how the hegemonic discourse is constructed. Embedded assumptions within the hegemonic construction are identified including sustainable development as primarily about economic development, progress, growth, profitability, and “responsibly” managed levels of resource depletion. We call for multiple voices in the discursive field to debate and to resist closure and highlight the possibilities for academic researchers to actively resist the hegemonic construction. Specifically, we advocate vigilance and awareness, critical and reflective analyses, challenge and resistance based on other frames of reference, and strategies for communicating both within and outside the academy.
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Erasmus, A., C. L. Lennox, L. Korsten, W. du Plooy, M. Kellerman, and P. H. Fourie. "Imazalil resistance management for sustainable citrus green mould control: limited options and alternatives." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1323 (September 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1323.17.
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Allen, Jennifer H., David E. Ervin, George B. Frisvold, James T. Brosnan, James D. McCurdy, Rebecca G. Bowling, Aaron J. Patton, et al. "Herbicide-Resistance in Turf Systems: Insights and Options for Managing Complexity." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013399.
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Due to complex interactions between social and ecological systems, herbicide resistance has classic features of a “wicked problem”. Herbicide-resistant (HR) Poa annua poses a risk to sustainably managing U.S. turfgrass systems, but there is scant knowledge to guide its management. Six focus groups were conducted throughout the United States to gain understanding of socio-economic barriers to adopting herbicide-resistance management practices. Professionals from major turfgrass sectors (golf courses, sports fields, lawn care, and seed/sod production) were recruited as focus-group participants. Discussions emphasized challenges of the weed management of turfgrass systems as compared to agronomic crops. This included greater time constraints for managing weeds and more limited chemical control options. Lack of understanding about the proper use of compounds with different modes of action was identified as a threat to sustainable weed management. There were significant regional differences in perceptions of the existence, geographic scope, and social and ecological causes of HR in managing Poa annua. Effective resistance management will require tailoring chemical and non-chemical practices to the specific conditions of different turfgrass sectors and regions. Some participants thought it would be helpful to have multi-year resistance management programs that are both sector- and species-specific.
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Alwadani, Rawa, and Nelson Oly Ndubisi. "Sustainable family business." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 7 (October 25, 2019): 945–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2019-0359.
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Purpose Family centered non-economic (FCNE) goals, such as environmental and social goals, are sometimes strenuous to “sell” to non-family members in a family business, and are often open to resistance. The purpose of this paper is to identify socio-psychological mechanisms for achieving FCNE goals because, in addition to economic goals, they are the other two components of the triple bottom line. Design/methodology/approach Through a juxtaposition of the literature on family businesses, and the theories of mindfulness and psychological ownership, this paper argues for the facilitating roles of family involvement and mindful organizing in the achievement of FCNE goals. An example of how a Kuwaiti oil company implements these ideas is appended. Findings A moderated link between family involvement, mindful organizing and FCNE goal of environmental sustainability. Besides its direct effect on environmental sustainability, mindful organizing also has a potential mediating role in the relationship between family involvement and environmental sustainability. Psychological ownership, environmental sensitivity and individual mindfulness will moderate the relationship between mindful organizing and the achievement of environmental sustainability goals. Research limitations/implications The paper presents ten propositions and argues that three types of family involvement (ownership, management and inter-generational), together with non-family engagement (through mindful organizing) would lead to success in achieving the FCNE goal of environmental sustainability. Psychological ownership, environmental sensitivity and individual mindfulness are potential moderators. Practical implications The paper suggests some key drivers of FCNE goal of environmental sustainability as well as several contingent factors. Applicable to family businesses, owners and/or managers of similar firms can apply knowledge from this study in the pursuit of environmental sustainability. Originality/value The paper’s model advances the current understanding of the link between family involvement, mindful organizing, environmental sustainability, psychological ownership, environmental sensitivity and individual mindfulness in the context of family business. The paper further suggests new future research directions.
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Zoon, F. C., W. Golinowski, R. Janssen, D. Mugniéry, M. S. Phillips, M. Schlathoelter, G. Smant, L. Van Kruijssen, and J. G. Van der Beek. "Durable resistance against Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10596-pps.
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The EU-funded Project QLRT-1999-1462 DREAM (Durable Resistance Against Meloidogyne) aims to contribute to sustainable production systems by developing a strategy for durable resistance management for two polyphagous quarantine root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. The objective will be achieved by integrating expertise in breeding, nematology, botany and molecular biology. The project combines three areas of research: 1. Identification and incorporation of resistance in important arable crops: potato, pepper, ryegrass and fodder radish, 2. Study of variation in nematode virulence and of durability of the resistance, and 3. Optimising of production systems by rotation schemes. The main results expected are: resistant germplasm, characterised pathogen collections, breeding methods, knowledge of the stability of resistance, molecular markers linked to resistance and (a)virulence, resistance mechanisms and genes, genetic maps, and improved rotation schemes. The strategy and some first results will be discussed.
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Izzo, Michael Z., and Marta Miletić. "Sustainable Improvement of the Crack Resistance of Cohesive Soils." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 5806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205806.
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Desiccation cracking of cohesive soils is the development of cracks on the soil surface as a result of a reduction in the soil moisture content. The decrease in soil surface area owing to the desiccation of cohesive soils has an undesirable impact on the mechanical, hydrological, thermal, and physico-chemical properties. Many efforts have been made to improve the desiccation crack resistance of cohesive soils, but the current solutions raise a number of environmental issues, increasing the demand for sustainable soil improvement alternatives. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate novel eco-friendly soil improvement techniques, such as recycled carpet fibers and a gelatin-based bioplastic, and their effect on desiccation cracking in cohesive soils. The improvement of soil crack resistance was studied by conducting desiccation cracking tests on plain and improved soils. In addition, image processing was conducted to quantitatively describe the effect of soil improvement type on the geometrical characteristics of crack patterns. Each soil improvement technique enhanced the soil strength and reduced cracking at room temperature, at an elevated temperature, and when subjecting to cyclic wetting and drying. The addition of bioplastics proved to be the most effective solution, thus demonstrating a viable option to advance future sustainable engineering practices.
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Presnyakova, Daria, and Elena Khryuchkina. "Some aspects of sustainable development management of business entities." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 08033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020808033.
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The article deals with the management of sustainable development of business entities. So, stability characterizes the current state of a certain economic object to the pressure of external factors. In order to increase the stability of the organization to the effects of various factors, it is necessary to improve the object itself in such areas as social, economic and financial stability. These concepts are interrelated and actively affect the current economic activity of the facility. This article discusses various approaches to determining the sustainable development of organizations at different levels of business processes. The aim of the study of management of sustainable development of business entities is to develop optimal mechanisms of economic management that ensure the current sustainability of organizations. To achieve this goal, the issues of social, economic and financial stability of organizations were considered, the main trends and results of economic decisions during the functioning of economic entities were analyzed, the degree of their resistance to market conditions was determined. The theoretical and methodological basis for the study of sustainable development management of business entities were the works of domestic and foreign scientists in various fields of economics, enterprise management, and a comprehensive analysis of the financial and economic situation. For clarity, the authors have built figures, prepared tables and analyzed the data obtained. The article draws conclusions about the role of sustainable development in the economic life of business entities.
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Scortichini, Marco. "Sustainable Management of Diseases in Horticulture: Conventional and New Options." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060517.
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To reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment, there are relevant efforts to enhance the possibility of controlling plant diseases using environmentally friendly biocontrol agents or natural products that show pathogen control capacity. The European Union, FAO, and the United Nations largely promote and finance projects and programs in order to introduce crop protection principles that can attain sustainable agriculture. Preventive measures related to the choice of cultivars, soil fertility, integrated pest management (IPM), and organic farming strategies are still the basis for obtaining satisfactory crop yields and reducing classical pesticide utilisation through the application of commercially available and ecofriendly control agents. Effective pathogen detection at borders to avoid quarantine pathogens is mandatory to reduce the risk of future epidemics. New technical support for the development of sustainable pathogen control is currently being provided by forecasting models, precision farming, nanotechnology, and endotherapy. New biocontrol agents and natural products, disease management through plant nutrition, systemic resistance inducers, and gene-silencing technology will provide solutions for obtaining satisfactory disease control in horticulture. The “multi-stakeholder partnership” strategy can promote the implementation of sustainable crop protection.
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Konstantinova, Elina, Aija Peršēvica, and Agnese Jeņina. "SUSTAINABLE, SMART AND RESPONSIBLE NATURE PARK TOURISM." Journal of Regional Economic and Social Development 1, no. 13 (December 19, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/jresd2021vol1.13.5424.
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The one of the largest nature parks in Latvia is Nature Park “Piejūra”. It is a very complicated area due to its valuable and sensitive coastal habitats. On the one hand, it is a territory with rich biodiversity, and on the other hand it is an area actively used by visitors and tourists due to its location close to the capital of Latvia. Therefore, implementation of sustainable nature protection, conservation and management activities is particularly important. However, as the area is widely visited, there is public resistance to the implementation of management activities. The aim of the research is to identify the level of awareness and attitude of Nature Park visitors in respect of the nature conservation, protection and management activities. To achieve the aim of the research, quantitative research methods have been used. The data allows us to conclude that the understanding of the necessary nature management and protection activities has become deeper in the society. The public understands the established restrictions and considers that there is no necessity to strengthen the restrictions, but only to promote their observance. The study confirms that the attitude towards and understanding of the nature conservation activities changes in the society if there is enough information provided and the necessity for the activities is explained.
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M. Tahat, Monther, Kholoud M. Alananbeh, Yahia A. Othman, and Daniel I. Leskovar. "Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124859.
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A healthy soil acts as a dynamic living system that delivers multiple ecosystem services, such as sustaining water quality and plant productivity, controlling soil nutrient recycling decomposition, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Soil health is closely associated with sustainable agriculture, because soil microorganism diversity and activity are the main components of soil health. Agricultural sustainability is defined as the ability of a crop production system to continuously produce food without environmental degradation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria, and beneficial nematodes enhance water use efficiency and nutrient availability to plants, phytohormones production, soil nutrient cycling, and plant resistance to environmental stresses. Farming practices have shown that organic farming and tillage improve soil health by increasing the abundance, diversity, and activity of microorganisms. Conservation tillage can potentially increase grower’s profitability by reducing inputs and labor costs as compared to conventional tillage while organic farming might add extra management costs due to high labor demands for weeding and pest control, and for fertilizer inputs (particularly N-based), which typically have less consistent uniformity and stability than synthetic fertilizers. This review will discuss the external factors controlling the abundance of rhizosphere microbiota and the impact of crop management practices on soil health and their role in sustainable crop production.
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Abubakar, Mustapha, Bhupendra Koul, Krishnappa Chandrashekar, Ankush Raut, and Dhananjay Yadav. "Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Management (WFM) Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091317.
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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) is a notorious devastating sap-sucking insect pest that causes substantial crop damage and yield losses due to direct feeding by both nymphs and adults and also through transmission of viruses and diseases. Although the foliar application of synthetic pesticides is crucial for efficient control of B. tabaci, it has adverse effects such as environmental pollution, resistance and resurgence of the pest, toxicity to pollinators, and crop yield penalty. Thus, a suitable, safe, and robust strategy for the control of whiteflies in the agricultural field is needed. The reports on whitefly-resistant transgenic plants are scanty, non-reproducible, and/or need secondary trials and clearance from the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The present review encompasses explicit information compiled from 364 articles on the traditional, mechanical, biological, biotechnological, and chemical strategies for whitefly management (WFM), IPM strategy, and future prospects of WFM for food and agriculture security.
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Morrison, K. "Stakeholder involvement in water management: necessity or luxury?" Water Science and Technology 47, no. 6 (March 1, 2003): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0354.
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Stakeholder involvement in water management is widely recognized as an important component of the design and implementation of sustainable water management initiatives. Despite this, there remains a deep-rooted resistance to the widespread implementation of programs to prioritize such involvement (as witnessed by, for example, the low priority given to the public involvement element of the European Union Water Framework Directive). This paper addresses the issue of stakeholder involvement by first confronting the fact that it is not a water issue, per se. Such diverse fields as economics, agriculture, public health, pollution prevention, business and education have also identified stakeholder involvement as a difficult but necessary component of successful action in their fields. For the water sector, the issue of stakeholder involvement as either a necessity for sustainable water management, or a luxury to be used to complement traditional approaches, is discussed.
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Artamonov, Volodymyr, and Maryna Vasylenko. "SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL METHOD LAND ORDER FORMATION OF AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.7-16.
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Peculiarities of natural conditions of the territory of Ukraine have historically determined mainly the agricultural use of its lands, the indirect consequence of which was the formation of agro-landscapes as a specific form of spatial realization of anthropogenic activity. The study of agrolandscapes, a comprehensive assessment of their condition and development trends, development and implementation of adequate land management solutions are a key task to avoid degradation, especially arable land. In the context of the above, the shortcomings of modern proposals and indicators for assessing the state of agricultural landscapes and their land management are considered and identified. Concerns about the recommendations of domestic scientists and practitioners to transform about 12 million hectares of arable land into other lands are justified. The motivation for this decision was the idea of excessive plowing of the territory of Ukraine, although world experience provides positive evidence of successful agriculture, even under such conditions. Allegations of insufficient study of the problem of land management formation of sustainable agrolandscapes are given. It is proposed to use the term "sustainable" for the agro-landscape, the state of which corresponds to the ecological and social-industrial conditions of land use. Systematic analysis of the structural components (lands) of the agro-landscape revealed the significant role of their interaction in creating and maintaining a microclimate favorable for crop production in adverse natural conditions. The legitimacy and expediency and practical efficiency of using the spatial-functional method of land management formation of the stability of agro-landscapes are substantiated.
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Johnson, William G., Micheal D. K. Owen, Greg R. Kruger, Bryan G. Young, David R. Shaw, Robert G. Wilson, John W. Wilcut, David L. Jordan, and Stephen C. Weller. "U.S. Farmer Awareness of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds and Resistance Management Strategies." Weed Technology 23, no. 2 (June 2009): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-181.1.
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A survey of farmers from six U.S. states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi, and North Carolina) was conducted to assess the farmers' views on glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and tactics used to prevent or manage GR weed populations in genetically engineered (GE) GR crops. Only 30% of farmers thought GR weeds were a serious issue. Few farmers thought field tillage and/or using a non-GR crop in rotation with GR crops would be an effective strategy. Most farmers did not recognize the role that the recurrent use of an herbicide plays in evolution of resistance. A substantial number of farmers underestimated the potential for GR weed populations to evolve in an agroecosystem dominated by glyphosate as the weed control tactic. These results indicate there are major challenges that the agriculture and weed science communities must face to implement long-term sustainable GE GR-based cropping systems within the agroecosystem.
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Montull, José María, and Joel Torra. "Herbicide Resistance Is Increasing in Spain: Concomitant Management and Prevention." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030469.
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Herbicide-resistant weeds currently challenge sustainable food production in almost all cropping systems in Europe. Herbicide resistance is increasing, and some European countries are among the most affected globally, such as Spain and France. This situation is worsening not only due to herbicide use restrictions but also due to climate change, rendering Mediterranean countries such as Spain particularly susceptible. Therefore, focus should be aimed at preventive measures, which include those not only based on integrated weed management strategies but also based on a very good knowledge of the biology and ecology of each weed species. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of potential future herbicide-resistant cases that can evolve in the near future in Europe. We use Spain as the case study, as it is the most affected country in Europe and because it is at risk due to global warming. For different resistant cases detailed on a crop basis, adequate prevention and management measures will be provided in order to avoid resistance evolution relative to the sites of action that are most likely to generate resistant biotypes due to expected high selection pressures.
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Taylor and van der Velden. "Resistance to Regulation: Failing Sustainability in Product Lifecycles." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 6526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226526.
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International policy and law have long sought to ensure that states regulate the negative impacts of production processes on people and the planet. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 targets sustainable production and consumption; international conventions, such as the Basel Convention, or the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the International Labour Organisation Conventions, all seek to regulate toxic or labour-related impacts associated with industrial production. However, there is ample evidence that such impacts continue. At a time of increasing pressure to develop sustainable systems of production and consumption, we asked whether the existing legal frameworks are appropriate to the task of regulating for sustainability in consumer products. Drawing on research conducted into sustainability in the mobile phone lifecycle, this paper examines the regulatory ecology of hotspots of unsustainability in the product lifecycle of electronics. This paper finds that the interaction of regulatory disjunctures, business models, design of technology, and marginalisation combine to ensure that our systems of production and consumption are predisposed to resist regulation aimed at sustainability.
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Robi, Dereje Tulu, Beksisa Urge Hurrisa, and Benti Deresa Gelalcha. "Trypanotolerance Sheko cattle: an option for sustainable control of bovine trypanosomiasis." Open Veterinary Science 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ovs-2020-0111.
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Abstract Trypanosomiasis is an impediment to cattle production and other agricultural development in tsetse-infested areas. It is a severe parasitic disease that causes loss in the production and performance of cattle. Hence, the aim of this paper is to review trypanosomiasis control options with emphasis on the use of trypanotolerant Sheko cattle breed for sustainable management of bovine trypanosomiasis in tsetse infested areas. Several methods have been used to control trypanosomiasis through the use of trypanocidal drugs and the management of the vector, tsetse fly. Tsetse fly controls require expensive insecticides and have adverse environmental consequences. Trypanocidal drugs are commonly used and considered a practical trypanosomiasis control method. However, the rise in trypanocidal drug resistance has rendered this option ineffective. The possibility of developing and using a vaccine against trypanosomiasis currently remains out of reach as Trypanosoma periodically undergo antigenic variation. In the absence of a vaccine, presence of trypanocidal drug resistance, and the lack of sustainable tsetse fly control measures demand the need to use trypanotole-rant cattle breeds. The Sheko breed which is found only in southwestern Ethiopia displays considerable natural resistance to tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis. This genetic resource provides sustainable solution for challenges related to trypanosomiasis. These cattle have a low level of parasitemia and are able to maintain a good packed cell volume (PCV) compared to other indigenous breeds. As several trypanosomiasis control methods are ineffective, the use of trypanotolerance cattle like Sheko breed in tsetse-fly-challenged areas was suggested.
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Gonzalez-Arcos, Claudia, Alison M. Joubert, Daiane Scaraboto, Rodrigo Guesalaga, and Jörgen Sandberg. "“How Do I Carry All This Now?” Understanding Consumer Resistance to Sustainability Interventions." Journal of Marketing 85, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242921992052.
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Given the increasingly grave environmental crisis, governments and organizations frequently initiate sustainability interventions to encourage sustainable behavior in individual consumers. However, prevalent behavioral approaches to sustainability interventions often have the unintended consequence of generating consumer resistance, undermining their effectiveness. With a practice–theoretical perspective, the authors investigate what generates consumer resistance and how it can be reduced, using consumer responses to a nationwide ban on plastic bags in Chile in 2019. The findings show that consumer resistance to sustainability interventions emerges not primarily because consumers are unwilling to change their individual behavior—as the existing literature commonly assumes—but because the individual behaviors being targeted are embedded in dynamic social practices. When sustainability interventions aim to change individual behaviors rather than social practices, they place excessive responsibility on consumers, unsettle their practice-related emotionality, and destabilize the multiple practices that interconnect to shape consumers’ lives, ultimately leading to resistance. The authors propose a theory of consumer resistance in social practice change that explains consumer resistance to sustainability interventions and ways of reducing it. They also offer recommendations for policy makers and social marketers in designing and managing sustainability initiatives that trigger less consumer resistance and thereby foster sustainable consumer behavior.
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Shaner, Dale L. "Lessons Learned From the History of Herbicide Resistance." Weed Science 62, no. 2 (June 2014): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00109.1.
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The selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations began with the introduction of synthetic herbicides in the late 1940s. For the first 20 years after introduction, there were limited reported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds. This changed in 1968 with the discovery of triazine-resistant common groundsel. Over the next 15 yr, the cases of herbicide-resistant weeds increased, primarily to triazine herbicides. Although triazine resistance was widespread, the resistant biotypes were highly unfit and were easily controlled with specific alternative herbicides. Weed scientists presumed that this would be the case for future herbicide-resistant cases and thus there was not much concern, although the companies affected by triazine resistance were somewhat active in trying to detect and manage resistance. It was not until the late 1980s with the discovery of resistance to Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors that herbicide resistance attracted much more attention, particularly from industry. The rapid evolution of resistance to these classes of herbicides affected many companies, who responded by first establishing working groups to address resistance to specific classes of herbicides, and then by formation of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC). The goal of these groups, in cooperation with academia and governmental agencies, was to act as a forum for the exchange of information on herbicide-resistance selection and to develop guidelines for managing resistance. Despite these efforts, herbicide resistance continued to increase. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops in the 1995 provided a brief respite from herbicide resistance, and farmers rapidly adopted this relatively simple and reliable weed management system based on glyphosate. There were many warnings from academia and some companies that the glyphosate-resistant crop system was not sustainable, but this advice was not heeded. The selection of glyphosate resistant weeds dramatically changed weed management and renewed emphasis on herbicide resistance management. To date, the lesson learned from our experience with herbicide resistance is that no herbicide is invulnerable to selecting for resistant biotypes, and that over-reliance on a weed management system based solely on herbicides is not sustainable. Hopefully we have learned that a diverse weed management program that combines multiple methods is the only system that will work for the long term.
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Storkey, Jonathan, Joseph Helps, Richard Hull, Alice E. Milne, and Helen Metcalfe. "Defining Integrated Weed Management: A Novel Conceptual Framework for Models." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040747.
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Weed population dynamics models are an important tool for predicting the outcome of alternative Integrated Weed Management (IWM) scenarios. The growing problem of herbicide resistance has increased the urgency for these tools in the design of sustainable IWM solutions. We developed a conceptual framework for defining IWM as a standardised input template to allow output from different models to be compared and to design IWM scenarios. The framework could also be used as a quantitative metric to determine whether more diverse systems are more sustainable and less vulnerable to herbicide resistance using empirical data. Using the logic of object-oriented programming, we defined four classes of weed management options based on the stage in the weed life cycle that they impact and processes that mediate their effects. Objects in the same class share a common set of properties that determine their behaviour in weed population dynamics models. Any weed control “event” in a system is associated with an object, meaning alternative management scenarios can be built by systematically adding events to a model either to compare existing systems or design novel approaches. Our framework is designed to be generic, allowing IWM systems from different cropping systems and countries to be compared.
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Liebig, M. A., J. R. Hendrickson, J. D. Berdahl, and J. F. Karn. "Soil resistance under grazed intermediate wheatgrass." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08016.
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Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] is a productive, high-quality perennial forage that lacks persistence under grazing. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three grazing times on soil bulk density, soil pH, and soil organic C under intermediate wheatgrass. Treatment effects on the three soil attributes were negligible, implying grazing time did not negatively impact intermediate wheatgrass beyond a threshold whereby critical soil functions were impaired. Findings from this study are important in the context of sustainable forage and cropping system management, where maintaining or improving critical soil functions are essential for enhancing agroecosystem sustainability. Key words: Seeded perennial forages, Northern Great Plains, soil organic C
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Oliveira, João Ronaldo Freitas de, Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende, Renato Barros de Lima Filho, Sergio Ruffo Roberto, Paulo Roberto da Silva, Caroline Rech, and Cristiane Nardi. "Tomato Breeding for Sustainable Crop Systems: High Levels of Zingiberene Providing Resistance to Multiple Arthropods." Horticulturae 6, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6020034.
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In sustainable cropping systems, the management of herbivorous arthropods is a challenge for the high performance of the tomato crop. One way to reduce the damage caused by these pests is the use of resistant cultivars within a sustainable integrated management system. The host selection of Tetranychus urticae, Bemisia tabaci, and Tuta absoluta was evaluated, characterizing their preference among the tomato genotypes RVTZ2011-79-503-143, RVTZ2011-79-335-164, RVTZ2011-79-185-250 (high zingiberene content—HZC), and RVTZ2011-79-117-273 (low zingiberene content—LZC). Such genotypes were selected in the F2BC2 generation (the F2 generation of the 2th backcross towards Solanum lycopersicum after the inicial interspecific cross S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites var. hirsutum), resulting from crossing Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum PI-127826 (HZC and resistant to mites) and the commercial cv. Redenção (S. lycopersicum) (LZC and susceptible to mites). In choice and no-choice bioassays by T. urticae, and in choice bioassays by B. tabaci and T. absoluta, arthropods preferred to stay and oviposit in an LZC genotype. In contrast, genotypes with HZC showed repellency to pests and induced a non-preference for oviposition. The F2BC2 genotypes selected for HZC are considered sources of resistance genes to these pests for tomato breeding programs, and therefore have excellent potential for sustainable cropping systems. These results represent an advance in obtaining tomato genetic materials which can be used in sustainable production systems with less loss from pests.
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Hamid, Ahsen, Naveed Ahmad, Bilal Zaidi, Raja Abubakar Khalid, Imran Hafeez, Jawad Hussain, Anwar Khitab, and Mehmet Serkan Kırgız. "GlasSphalt: A Borosilicate Based Sustainable Engineering Material for Asphalt Pavements." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054277.
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Large quantities of waste glass generated around the world are a source of environmental pollution and burden on landfill capacities. This glass can be brought in use by incorporating it in asphalt pavements as a replacement for aggregate particles. This research aims at evaluation of various structural, functional and durability parameters of asphalt containing waste borosilicate glass (BSG). Optimum binder content and volumetric characters were accessed using Marshall mix design method, wheel tracking test was used to evaluate the rutting resistance, and four-point beam fatigue test was used to measure the resistance against fatigue cracking. Deformation characteristics were studied using dynamic modulus test, and British pendulum test and aggregate polishing value test were used to study the skid resistance. Finally, moisture damage was evaluated using rolling bottle test. The results revealed that increasing BSG content reduces the optimum binder content requirements of final mixes. Maximum stability, maximum dynamic modulus, and rut resistance were observed at 10% dosage of BSG. Beam fatigue test results showed that BSG negatively affects the fatigue resistance of asphalt. However, this negative effect was insignificant for 5% dosage and slightly significant for 10% dosage, beyond which, considerable reduction in fatigue life was observed. Moisture damage studies showed that BSG had less affinity to adhere to bitumen, particularly when using dosage greater than 10% by weight. On one hand, skid resistance test showed that with the increasing quantity of BSG, skid resistance increased.
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Liu, Chun, Makhan Singh Bhullar, Tarundeep Kaur, Jitendra Kumar, Sriyapu Reddy Sreekanth Reddy, Manpreet Singh, and Shiv Shankhar Kaundun. "Modelling the Effect and Variability of Integrated Weed Management of Phalaris minor in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in Northern India." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112331.
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Phalaris minor Retz. (littleseed canarygrass) is the most problematic and herbicide-resistant weed in the rice-wheat cropping system in India. As such, it poses a severe threat to wheat yield and food security. A number of herbicidal and agronomic practices have been identified for the effective control of P. minor. These include crop rotation, crop establishment methods, herbicide spray technology, sowing time, weed seed harvest and effective herbicide mixtures. A population model of P. minor was built based on the life cycle of the species, herbicide resistance mechanisms and the effects of weed control practices. The model simulated the interactions of these factors and provided the best management recommendations for sustainably controlling this noxious weed species. Model results indicate that integration of chemical and non-chemical control methods was the most effective and sustainable strategy. For example, the integration of a happy seeder (a tractor-mounted mulching and sowing machine) with an effective post-emergence herbicide reduced the probability of weed control failure by 32% compared to the scenario with a rotavator and the same herbicide. Similarly, more conventional crop establishment methods such as a rotavator and conventional tillage could be accompanied by pre- or post-emergence applications of herbicide mixtures. Adoption of good herbicide spray technology and weed seed harvest delayed the onset of resistance evolution by up to four years. Furthermore, effective crop rotation such as the inclusion of sugarcane in place of rice in the summer season reduced the risk of resistance evolution by 31% within the 10 year simulation period. In addition to the scenarios using representative parameter values, the variability of model predictions was investigated based on some field experiments. The model provided a powerful tool for promoting Integrated Weed Management and the sustainable use of herbicides. Pragmatic ways of dealing with uncertainty in model prediction are discussed.
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Hernandez-Montiel, Luis G., Samir Droby, Pablo Preciado-Rangel, Tomás Rivas-García, Ramsés R. González-Estrada, Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez, and Graciela D. Ávila-Quezada. "A Sustainable Alternative for Postharvest Disease Management and Phytopathogens Biocontrol in Fruit: Antagonistic Yeasts." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122641.
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Postharvest diseases of fruits caused by phytopathogens cause losses up to 50% of global production. Phytopathogens control is performed with synthetic fungicides, but the application causes environmental contamination problems and human and animal health in addition to generating resistance. Yeasts are antagonist microorganisms that have been used in the last years as biocontrol agents and in sustainable postharvest disease management in fruits. Yeast application for biocontrol of phytopathogens has been an effective action worldwide. This review explores the sustainable use of yeasts in each continent, the main antagonistic mechanisms towards phytopathogens, their relationship with OMIC sciences, and patents at the world level that involve yeast-based-products for their biocontrol.
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Jahangir, MMR, I. Jahan, and NJ Mumu. "Management of Soil Resources for Sustainable Development under a Changing Climate." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 11, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2019): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v11i1-2.43383.
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Development was conventionally driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or future impacts. This kind of approach has now been considered to be responsible for the economic and environmental catastrophes that humans are facing: from large scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking to the changes in global climate resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel based energy sources. Soils provide essential ecosystem services such as primary production, regulation of biogeochemical cycles (with consequences for the climate), water filtration, resistance to diseases and pests, and regulation of above-ground biodiversity. Changing of the climate systems is unequivocal. Adaptation to global climate change through improved soil quality by adoption of improved management practices is key to maintaining sustainable agricultural production. A holistic approach to soil management as the engine for increasing productivity by increasing resource use efficiency and making agriculture environmentally compatible is more important than ever before. Strategies of greenhouse gas emission reduction include those that increase the use efficiency of inputs. Herein, we discussed how management and protection of soil resources can contribute to sustainable development through sustainable agricultural production while maintaining sustenance of soil fertility.
J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 159-170 2018
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De Almeida, Gabriella Queiroz, Juliana de Oliveira Silva, Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati, Felipe de Oliveira Dias, and Manoel Coelho dos Santos. "Tomato breeding for disease resistance." Multi-Science Journal 3, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33837/msj.v3i3.1287.
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In the genetic breeding of tomatoes, not only productivity, but also factors related to fruit quality and pest and disease management are taken into account. In this context, diseases stand out, since they are the main bottlenecks for successful cultivation. Currently, the search for more sustainable crops has demanded from producers’ alternatives to disease control to reduce the use of pesticides. Among the diseases that most reduce tomato production in Brazil, whether for table or industry, we can mention late blight, black spot, fusarium wilt, viruses, bacterial and nematode diseases. Genetic resistance, obtained by genetic breeding programs, is one of the best tools to deal with diseases to depend less on pesticides. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of tomato breeding programs in terms of resistance to the main diseases that affect this crop.
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Fraser, R. S. S. "Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Protected Crops." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 3 (September 1992): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100304.
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Considerable progress has been made in developing integrated pest and disease management strategies for protected crops. Bacteria, nematodes, fungi and insect predators and parasites are used as biological control agents for pests and diseases and are combined with plant breeding for resistance, environmental control and informed intervention with minimal amounts of compatible pesticides. Some crops can already be grown with greatly reduced or no pesticide input. With others there is a need for further research on integrated pest and disease management strategies to develop sustainable systems of crop protection.
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TKACHUK, V. I., Yu K. YAREMOV, and M. I. YAREMOVA. "MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES." Herald of Kiev Institute of Business and Technology 42, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2019.42.13.
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The article examines the role of the business environment in shaping the economic security of business entities. The key economic interests of the entity and factors of influence that originate from the internal and external environment and which have a significant impact on the commercial business are distinguished. Potential and real threats to the realization of economic interests and the achievement of goals of the business entities are foreseen. Appropriate measures of an effective system of their protection within the competence of economic security have been developed. The author's vision of defining the economic security of business entities is proposed, which is interpreted as a state of protection of economic interests against the destructive effects of the business environment that maintains resistance to internal and external threats, ensures high competitiveness and ability to sustainable development. It is proposed to distinguish certain areas of economic security, which differ in their purpose and have an individual focus, namely financial, personnel, technical and market. It is proved that the formation of components is, first of all, related to the internal environment, since its factors are solely within the competence of the economic entity and is a primary sign of its effective functioning, which will allow sustainably resisting the effects of the external environment. Internal and external threats of economic activity by separate functional components are distinguished. It is taken into account that economic security management provides for their comprehensive systematic monitoring in order to prevent and minimize destructive effects in a timely. Preventive measures have been developed to improve the level of business security, which will allow to successfully operate in the conditions of competition and to ensure the sustainable development of business entities in the future.
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Kong-Ming, Wu. "Environmental impact and risk management strategies of Bt cotton commercialization in China." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (August 2007): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001490.
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AbstractTransgenic cotton expressing the Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis has been planted widely in China since 1997, and reached 70% of the total cotton area in 2006. The results of monitoring the environmental impact of Bt cotton commercialization indicated that the target pests, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), were effectively controlled while the mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) evolved to be key pests in the cotton system. There were no significant changes in resistance gene frequency of field populations of cotton bollworm, but a shift toward increased tolerance was apparent in the area of intensive planting of Bt cotton, indicating that the potential risk of resistance of the target pest has become a major threat for sustainable planting of Bt cotton. Considering the factors associated with the evolution of resistance, risk management strategies are discussed in this paper.
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Egenti, Clement, and Jamal Khatib. "Affordable and Sustainable Housing in Rwanda." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084188.
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Baked clay bricks (Impunyu) is the dominant wall construction material in Rwanda. Clay deposits in the country’s lowlands are utilized for baked clay bricks. Despite the ongoing campaign, the use of wood by some local brick producers is unfriendly to the environment. Recent research has called for alternative methods in order to reduce the cost and impact on the environment. Earlier efforts with compressed earth blocks were saddled with weight and a substantial use of cement for good surface texture and adequate resistance against surface erosion. This research explored the potentials of using an appropriate dose of clay (from Muhanzi), volcanic light aggregate (Amakoro, (from Musanze)), and cement to produce unbaked shelled compressed earth blocks (SCEB). SCEB is a compressed earth block with an outer shell and inner core of different cement content or materials, compressed into a unit block. The result is a masonry unit with a higher surface resistance, durability, and desirable architectural effect produced with a 60% reduction in cement content. A weight reduction of 12% was achieved with an optimum content of 33% of the volcanic lightweight aggregate. A cost reduction of 25% was recorded over conventional compressed earth brick walls and a 54% over sand-cement block walls. Possible future trends were also identified with appreciable prospects in earthen architecture.