Journal articles: 'Sustainable raw materials'

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Cehlár, Michal, and Zuzana Šimková. "Critical raw materials as a part of sustainable development." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 5 (2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.5.2.

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The presented article deals with the issue of critical raw materials in the European Union with an emphasis on sustainable development and also barite, as an only one critical raw material mined in Slovakia. The article points out in detail the deposits of individual critical raw materials within the European Union. They clearly profile the European area´s dependence on imports of critical raw materials in accordance with the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the European Union's list of critical raw materials. Based on a defined Herfindahl-Hirschman index, which is clearly methodologically described, the article also points to the exploitation of critical raw materials in the European Union, what is in consideration of sustainable development crucial because some inventions are fundamentally dependent on them, as is their production on world markets. This article deals with critical raw materials in the EU, because it is in this area that we would like to experience the 4th industrial revolution, which is characterized by "new products" with a short life cycle, products with the least possible impact on the environment, i.e. innovations that are often impossible without important raw materials. Is it at all possible to talk about sustainable development with such raw material sources in European Union?

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Ramos, Dias, Puna, Gomes, and Bordado. "Biodiesel Production Processes and Sustainable Raw Materials." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234408.

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Energy security and environmental concerns, related to the increasing carbon emissions, have prompted in the last years the search for renewable and sustainable fuels. Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters shows properties, which make it a feasible substitute for fossil diesel. Biodiesel can be produced using different processes and different raw materials. The most common, first generation, biodiesel is produced by methanolysis of vegetable oils using basic or acid homogeneous catalysts. The use of vegetable oils for biodiesel production raises serious questions about biodiesel sustainability. Used cooking oils and animal fats can replace the vegetable oils in biodiesel production thus allowing to produce a more sustainable biofuel. Moreover, methanol can be replaced by ethanol being totally renewable since it can be produced by biomass fermentation. The substitution of homogeneous catalyzed processes, nowadays used in the biodiesel industry, by heterogeneous ones can contribute to improve the biodiesel sustainability with simultaneous cost reduction. From the existing literature on biodiesel production, it stands out that several strategies can be adopted to improve the sustainability of biodiesel. A literature review is presented to underline the strategies allowing to improve the biodiesel sustainability.

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SHUGAIPOVA, Zhanna, Mukhtar ERNUR, Ayazhanov KUANYSH, and Akmaral ABDRAKHMANOVA. "Sustainable Development of Mineral-Raw Complex." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.3(27).07.

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At present, the acute question of rational resource consumption and resource saving arises in the republic. Sustainable development of the economy of Kazakhstan should be based on the planned and effective use of natural resources, in terms of the combined use of raw materials by enterprises of the mineral and raw materials complex. The current situation at the enterprises of the mineral and raw materials complex testifies to the need for the further development of the enterprise management system in order to obtain an additional chain of surplus value by passing out valuable components from raw materials. In connection, fundamental scientific research is needed, which makes it possible to scientifically substantiate improvement of the enterprise management system, the results of which can significantly improve the efficiency of the enterprise in the rational use of raw materials, both in terms of its processing, and in the direction of preserving the ecology of the region.

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Salama, Ahmed. "Polysaccharides/silica hybrid materials: New perspectives for sustainable raw materials." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 35, no. 3 (March 23, 2016): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328303.2016.1154152.

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Rogetzer, Patricia, Lena Silbermayr, and Werner Jammernegg. "Sustainable sourcing of strategic raw materials by integrating recycled materials." Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal 30, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 421–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10696-017-9288-4.

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Du, Chenyu, Julia Sabirova, Wim Soetaert, and Sze Ki Carol Lin. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production From Low-cost Sustainable Raw Materials." Current Chemical Biology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187231312799984394.

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Du, Chenyu, Julia Sabirova, Wim Soetaert, and Sze Ki Carol Lin. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production From Low-cost Sustainable Raw Materials." Current Chemical Biology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796811206010014.

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Zúñiga-Torres, Berenice, Ramiro Correa-Jaramillo, Francisco Hernández-Olivares, Francisco Fernandez-Martinez, Alonso Zúñiga-Suárez, Israel Briceño-Tacuri, and Lenin Loaiza-Jiménez. "Innovative Materials for Sustainable Construction." Materials Science Forum 1023 (March 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1023.155.

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The construction industry has focused on trying to minimize and control the environmental impacts caused within the process of production and manufacture of fired bricks, for this reason the present research proposes five different alternative mixtures for the elaboration of ecological bricks, four of these based on soil-cement and one obtained through a geopolymerization process, using raw materials from the amazon region and the southern highlands of Ecuador, such as soil from the Centza mine (MC), sand from the Quiringue mine (MQ), organic correctors of husk rice (RH ), peanut shell (PS), natural gypsum (G) from the Malacatos sector and fired brick residues from the same sector. The raw materials were characterized (analysis: physicochemical and mineralogical); the soil-cement-based combinations used different percentages of substitution of organic correctors and gypsum, the optimum percentage of water and cement was determined through the compaction test and resistance to simple compression respectively, the samples were cured and tested at ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. In the geopolymerization process, an alkaline solution NaOH was used in different concentrations of molarity and solution contents, the specimens were cured at temperatures of 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C. The different combinations were subjected to indirect traction with the purpose to determine the optimal mixture and subsequent estimation of the compressive strength of bricks applying the Griffith criterion, the results were validated by the finite element method, obtaining strengths of 4 MPa in the combination soil-cement sand (SC_Ar1), in soil-cement rice husk (SC_RH2) and soil-cement peanut shell (SC_PS2) mixtures its resistance is 3 MPa, while in the soil-cement gypsum (SC_G4) mixture the resistance is 6.90 MPa and finally the resistance in geopolymeric mixture (GBW) is 13.75 MPa; In this way, the optimal combinations comply and increase the resistance to simple compression of bricks by 35% the SC_Ar1 mixture, 130% in the SC_G mixture with respect to the spanish standard and 129% the GBW mixture with respect to the ecuadorian standard.

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Pacher, Corina, George Valakas, and Katerina Adam. "Raw materials curricula and sustainable development: Assessment of curricula towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 29, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.29.4.13.

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The project Enhancing the skills of ESEE RM students towards the achievement of SDGs(EnActSDGs) aims to establish an action plan for the realignment of the current raw materials curricula of three universities in East and Southeast Europe towards the incorporation of the sustainable development principles into their educational programs. The action plan will be based on the educational needs of the raw materials sector as defined by academia and students, industry, and professionals. The authors present a preliminary assessment of the three universities’ study programs by using a set of assessment criteria defined in cooperation with selected stakeholders.

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Çalışkan Eleren, Sevil, and Burak Öner. "Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Raw Materials for Biofuels: Microalgae." Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences 25, no. 3 (2019): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2018.93992.

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Carvalho, Jorge F., and José V. Lisboa. "Construction raw materials in Timor Leste and sustainable development." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 250, no. 1 (2005): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.250.01.16.

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Putnik, Predrag, and Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Sustainable Functional Food Processing." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071438.

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Functional nutrition has become one of the main directions for a healthy lifestyle and sustainable food production due to its promising positive influence on health and its association with the use of raw materials of natural origin [...]

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Zhironkin, Sergey, Svetlana Demchenko, Gennady Kayachev, Marina Ryzhkova, and Olga Zhironkina. "Neo-Industrial Base for Sustainable Development of Raw-Materials Cluster." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184104011.

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Today the issues of overcoming the environmental consequences of the negative structural shift of the Russian economy, accelerating the rate of economic growth, reducing the technological and social-and-economic separation from developed countries are becoming strategically in demand for extractive clusters. The need for methodological and theoretical support of the neo-industrialization of the Russian economy raises the urgency of analyzing ways to solve environmental problems, relying on reducing the share of raw materials production in the gross regional product. The emergence of an innovative paradigm raises environmental requirements for industry, raises the priority of interaction institutions between the state, science and business in the process of reducing environmental damage. The leading role is played by the analysis of innovative nature protection activities in extractive clusters and structuring the competitive advantages of the economy, not related to the export of raw materials.

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Vincevica-Gaile, Zane, Tonis Teppand, Mait Kriipsalu, Maris Krievans, Yahya Jani, Maris Klavins, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, et al. "Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126726.

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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

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Smolka, Radim, Jan Plachý, Petr Kacálek, and Tomáš Petříček. "Construction Details from Secondary Raw Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.188.

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During decreasing of the energy demand is within the framework of the idea of sustainable construction not only required to decrease the total energy demand of the buildings, search and solve the critical spots in the building jacketing, but also to use the secondary raw materials as full-value substitutions for commonly used products from the primary raw materials. Recycled materials put into production represent possibilities how to decrease number of acquired virgin materials, need of primary energy and how to decrease risks connected to the waste disposal.

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Anjum, Naveed, Muhammad Ashikur Rahman, Md Mynul Islam, and Md Munir Hasan. "Overview of Popular Raw Materials in Ship Building and a Sustainable approach for this Industry in Bangladesh." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 4, no. 402 (October 14, 2022): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-4-402-161-172.

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One of the key driving factors of Human development has been our ability to traverse and conquer new ground. The Shipbuilding industry has played a significant role in this aspect by providing the aptest mode of transportation, our floating vessels, which has served us well throughout history and partaken in many revolutions. The materials for building such vessels have seen many variations and iterations stretching from Tree barks & wood to the modern use of Alloy and other synthetic materials. Many supplementary materials are also used nowadays for building a well-functioning vessel and the trade of these materials among various nations also plays a key part in moving its industry forward. The prices of these materials also see many variations, as many contributing factors allocate in their procurement and handling. But, the recent outbreak of the Corona virus pandemic has created many implications with the shipbuilding industry also being largely affected in many ways. In these trying times, Bangladesh has remained strong with a solid base and good initiatives could play a significant role in further enhancing this country’s shipbuilding industry. This paper tries to highlight the popular trends in the Shipbuilding market and plot a series of sustainable approaches which could ensure Bangladesh’s progress in the long run.

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Kondratiev, V. B. "The role of critical raw materials in conditions of economic uncertainty: the EU experience." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 4/2022 (August 25, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-4-94-102.

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The demand for minerals is set to increase in the future due to the global competition, industrialization in the developing countries, digitalization of the developed economies as well as the social and economic shocks in the course of a deep transformation of the international economic order. Dependence on the critical raw materials may soon replace the dependence on oil and gas. A reliable and sustainable supply of both primary and secondary raw materials, especially of the critical raw materials for the key technologies and strategic sectors such as the renewable energy, electric mobility, digital technologies, space and defense, is a prerequisite for achieving national security and independence. The new EU Industrial Strategy addresses security and sustainable development and calls for active action on critical raw materials and creation of sector-specific raw material alliances. This EU policy pursues a strategy of diversification in providing non-energy raw materials for EU value chains and ensuring the social welfare. Diversification of supply is related to reducing the dependencies in all areas by supplying primary raw materials from the EU, by increasing the supply of secondary raw materials through efficient use of resources, and by finding alternatives to scarce raw materials. One of the priority actions was to create a list of critical raw materials at the EU level.

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Kumar, Sachin, Anchit Goel, and Gaurav Kumar Singh. "Intricate Analysis of Potential Materials for Sustainable Product Development." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p114.

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Raw materials are scarce and are exponentially depleting. Material usage and product disposal both lead to improvidence of raw ingredients for products. We use materials for manufacturing new products while simultaneously throwing away used non-biodegradable products which pollute the environment. The world of designing and manufacturing needs to use new material(s) which can be selected using the methodology proposed in the research text. To select the best material for a product, its environmental impact, cost and properties that decide the quality of a product are plotted in a 3 dimensional space. Now the threshold limit of quality defining properties is obtained through experimentation. Cutoff cost is decided through market research and then environmental impact is minimized. The material beyond the cutoff planes is rejected and the best among the remaining materials is selected. The product developed using this method for material selection will contain the negative environmental impact during manufacture, use and expenditure of used products and thus helping sustainable development.Keywords: Sustainability, Life Cycle Analysis, Material selection, Cost optimization, Environmental Repercussion, Mechanical properties

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Guliyev, Emin Anvar. "Ecology, raw materials and economic development. Expectations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 58 (2022): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/58/17.

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As always, ecology and raw materials will play a major role in the economic development of the world in the future. This refers to raw materials that are naturally created in the ecosystem and are indispensable for man-made industries. Environmental factors have a great impact on the processing of raw materials and future sustainable development. The formation of the impact of all environmental factors depends on the decisions made in public administration. The world's most advanced economy and technology cannot sustain itself without commodities. If we add to this the raw materials used by the productive and non-productive sectors to meet the needs of the people, the seriousness and strategic importance of the issue becomes clearer.

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BIEDERMANN, REINHARD. "China’s Raw Materials Diplomacy and Governance Cycle: Toward Sustainable Mining and Resource Extraction?" Issues & Studies 54, no. 04 (December 2018): 1840009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101325111840009x.

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China’s raw materials diplomacy and unregulated purchasing of minerals in Africa and Latin America, as well as its domestic raw materials export quota, have for years been eyed with suspicion by state and private actors. Industrialized countries want to uphold and extend free market access to raw materials, but also strengthen their political accountability and sustainability. However, critics argue that in contrast, China, the world’s largest metals and minerals trading power, has taken the opposite course, ignoring social and environmental standards, reinforcing authoritarian governments, and erecting trade barriers. China is faced with several interrelated challenges in its resource diplomacy and governance. This article claims that an identifiable, chronological connection and pattern has existed between China’s aid and investment diplomacy for resources since the late 1990s, free trade agreements since the 2000s, Beijing’s resource nationalism since the 2010s, and the reform process of national and privately organized transnational governance toward sustainability in the present day. Is China socializing with emerging transnational standards on mining and resource extraction in the developing world, and if so, why? This article argues that China’s raw materials governance, including corporate governance, has entered a phase of reform to pacify the external environment and to implement the Belt and Road Initiative. In theoretical terms, China’s raw materials governance will continue to emphasize neoliberal and neo-mercantilist goals, cushioned by globalist features.

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Laird, S. A., A. R. Pierce, and S. F. Schmitt. "SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS IN THE BOTANICALS INDUSTRY: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 676 (February 2005): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.676.13.

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Xu, Yongjian, Yan Liu, Shenglin Chen, and Yonghao Ni. "Current overview of carbon fiber: Toward green sustainable raw materials." BioResources 15, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 7234–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.xu.

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Lignin, as a potential precursor of carbon fiber, has the characteristics of abundant reserves, renewable and high carbon content, and its application in the preparation of carbon fibers has substantial cost advantages if some important processing and quality hurdles can be overcome. This paper reviews the preparation process of lignin-based carbon fibers, and moreover, describes the characteristics of carbon fiber prepared by different precursors compared with the presently used precursors. Three preparation methods for lignin-based carbon fibers are introduced: melt spinning, solution spinning, and electrospinning. The applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of the three preparation methods are analyzed from the aspects of process conditions and performance characteristics. Possible directions for future research are considered, with the goal of providing a reference for further study of lignin-based carbon fibers.

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Dino, Giovanna Antonella, Alessandro Cavallo, Piergiorgio Rossetti, Ernő Garamvölgyi, Renáta Sándor, and Frederic Coulon. "Towards Sustainable Mining: Exploiting Raw Materials from Extractive Waste Facilities." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062383.

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The focus of the present research is on the exploitation of extractive waste to recover raw materials, considering the technological and economic factors, together with the environmental impacts, associated with extractive waste quarrying and dressing activities. The present study, based on a case history from Northern Italy (Montorfano and Baveno granite quarrying area), was intended to validate the presented interdisciplinary approach for evaluating economic and environmental impacts associated with extractive waste facility exploitation (from granite waste to products for the ceramic industry and by-products for the building industry). A shared methodology was applied to determine extractive waste characteristics (geochemistry, petrography, and mineralogy), waste volume (geophysical, topographic, and morphologic 3D characterization) and potential exploitable products and by-products. Meanwhile, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to determine the environmental impacts associated with the extraction and processing phases.

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Meier, Michael. "Sustainable polymers: reduced environmental impact, renewable raw materials and catalysis." Green Chemistry 16, no. 4 (2014): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc90006e.

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SHTIZA, Aurela. "Extractive industry a burden or an opportunity for sustainable development?" European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p199.

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The shortage of raw materials in global markets and the sky rocketing of commodityprices, have induced European authorities to take initiatives to improve innovation inEurope by creating the European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials (2012) and make inventory of the existing European raw materials. Albania is a rich country in natural raw materials, such as chromium, copper, ferronickel, coal, bitumen as well ascrude oil which might supply primary and secondary raw materials for some of the European needs. This literature review discusses the role of the Albanian institutions, the natural resources industry, potential investors and stakeholders in order to provide a setof indicators and platforms that can help to develop the extractive industry in Albania and monitor amelioration within sustainable development principles. A map with the potential prospects of the natural resources will be a first step in identifying the further potential for exploitation. Mineral resource policies and governance, sustainable processing and supply chain as well as environmental management information system (EMIS) are some of the crucial tools identified, which will help to set up the indicators and quantify the achievements in environmental management in Albania. Moreover, the integration of practices that will support institutional capacity building; follow-up practices; the mainstreaming of global environment into planning; and the compliance monitoring process will additionally improve the environmental situation in Albania. Aligning business strategy with environmental policy, socio-economic analysis, environmental auditing are decisive tools in order to provide the Albanian authorities with a clear overview of the economic costs and the social benefits for sustainable development of the extractive sector in Albania.

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Öztaş, Saniye Karaman. "Sustainable Manufacturing Processes of Building Materials: Energy Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1145.

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The increase of energy consumption has produced significant environmental impacts such as climatic change, acid rain, photo chemical smog formation, nonrenewable resource consumption etc. Considering the urgency of saving the world’s energy reserve and reduction of environmental impacts, studies on the energy consumption throughout the life cycle of building materials are crucial.In this study, it was aimed to indicate the factors which contribute the energy efficiency in manufacturing processes of building materials. The study included the energy used for raw material extraction, production energy for manufacturing of building materials, transportation energy and construction energy on site. A literature review was made. Energy use and efficiency for each process were evaluated.

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Wade, Jessica, and Sebastian Wood. "Materials for the 21st century." Europhysics News 49, no. 5-6 (September 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2018502.

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The combined challenges of growing populations, climate change and increasing scarcity of raw materials is driving innovation in materials and design. The motivation to innovate comes from the economic impact of not doing so, as well as consumer demand, with mature customers actively seeking out more environmentally sustainable solutions.

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Petronijević, Nela, Vesna Alivojvodić, Miroslav Sokić, Branislav Marković, Srđan Stanković, and Dragana Radovanović. "Sustainable mining towards accomplishing circular economy principles." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 18, no. 4 (2020): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-27460.

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Today human society is already witnessing rapid depletion of non-renewable ore resources. As the distribution of raw material resources globally is very off-balance, and preassure on environment as the consequence of ore exploatation is not negligible, re-utilization and recycling of industrial side-streams gaining on importance. Finding new potentially anthropogenic resources of material (at first place critical raw materials) are inline with sustainable waste management goals, and in correlation with boundaries given by the circular economy principles. Side-streams from mines can become source for recovery of these materials. The aim of this paper was to analyze position of mining waste in correlation with circular economy principles, as well potential for implementation of them within extraction industry in the Republic of Serbia.

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Neves, José, and Ana Cristina Freire. "Special Issue “The Use of Recycled Materials to Promote Pavement Sustainability Performance”." Recycling 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7020012.

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Güven, Tayfun, Bahar Akarsu, Eray Sudaşdemir, Elçin Emekdar, Hatice Acikgöz-Tufan, Umut Kivanc Sahin, and Senem Kursun Bahadir. "Sustainable collection development towards greener future: Earthsavers." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2022): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2022.3.p137-145.

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Nowadays, environmental awareness is more important not to damage the living environment. Sources of the Earth have been decreasing day by day due to many natural and human-induced reasons such as global warming, waste disposal, urbanization, deforestation, etc. Harm of the textile sector on the environment is high and it needs control and awareness. Raw material production, raw material selection, water usage amount, sustainability of processes, refining of wastes, recycle and reuse strategies of textile companies have a very significant effect on the environment. With this awareness, sustainable fashion is created because customer behaviors affect both design and production. In this view, all ingredients and processes turn to the most sustainable forms as much as possible. While being environmentally friendly, required performances of garments should be met to prepare the required end product. In this study, a sustainable collection whose name is Earthsavers is prepared by using recycled raw materials, natural dyestuffs, etc. Their physical and chemical performances are tested. Results of the collection are suitable for acceptance levels and it shows that a collection can be prepared with minimum harm to the environment with at least the same performances as conventional alternatives.

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Mohammed, Fatima, Abbas Khalaf Muhammad Al-Hamidawi, Mustafa Hasan Azeez AL-buhayder, and Thifaf Jasim Mohammed. "Sustainable Materials Production for Oily Wastewater Treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012080.

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Abstract The discharge of water from oil fields It has become one of the most significant environmental concerns associated with the oil sector. Hydrocarbon spills and crude oil fuel spills are a continual hazard to aquatic ecosystems. Inexpensive and sustainable sorbent materials are needed to mitigate the environmental damage of this pollution. To meet this need, this study features a low-density polysulfide polymer prepared by Sulfur and used cooking oils react directly. Since both sulfur and cooking oils are hydrophobic, the polymer is close to hydrocarbons such as crude oil and diesel fuel and can easily remove them from seawater. Oil can be recovered and polymer can be reused in oil spill treatment. Polysulfide is unique in that it is prepared from completely recycled waste. Sulfur is a by-product of the petroleum industry, and used cooking oil can also be used as a raw material. Therefore, waste sulfur from the petroleum industry is used to make effective anti-pollution adsorbents from the same sector According to the study’s findings, 98.55 percent of the oil was removed from the north.

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Verona, L., Supriyadi, N. E. Diana, and G. S. A. Fatah. "Virginia tobacco sustainable production in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012116.

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Abstract In Indonesia, tobacco has a very important and strategic role. Cigarette production in Indonesia reaches 362 billion cigarettes and needs 362 thousand tons of tobacco. Meanwhile, the national tobacco production was only about 180 thousand tons of 220 thousand hectares. To cover the shortage of raw materials, imports are carried out. Types of imported tobacco are mainly Virginia tobacco which reaches 110 thousand tons, Oriental and Burley. Assuming that Virginia’s tobacco productivity reaches 2 tons per hectare, an area of approximately 55 thousand hectares is required to cover the demand for Virginia’s tobacco. Opportunities for the development of Virginia tobacco in Indonesia can be carried out in several areas. It must be covered and supported by technology and policy for tobacco development that is land suitability, varieties, cultivation technology, pest and disease control, harvesting and processing technology, and marketing. With this support, the sustainability of tobacco cultivation is expected to meet the needs of raw materials on an ongoing basis.

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Gallo, Michela, Luca Moreschi, and Adriana Del Borghi. "A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC MATERIALS TOWARDS ENERGY TRANSITION." Detritus, no. 20 (September 30, 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15223.

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Global consumption of materials is rising rapidly leading to an increase in environmental impacts associated with the supply chain. Similar issues also affect a set of materials strategic for the transition towards a sustainable energy production and distribution system: i.e. materials employed in renewable energy (wind turbines and photovoltaic panels), energy storage, electrolysers, electricity distribution networks and electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The analysis identifies, maps and defines a priority hierarchy for the environmental risks generated along the life-cycle of strategic raw materials. Standard construction material such as iron, steel and concrete showed the lowest environmental risks whereas platinum and iridium presented by far the highest impacts (respectively 24.098,04 and 14.732,51 kg CO2 eq, 353.893,39 and 215.934,28 MJ, and 140,24 and 83,20 m3 of water for 1 kg of raw material). Recycled materials have shown to enable the lowering of the environmental risk associated with some raw material production processes (i.e. copper, lead, aluminium, nickel, manganese), whereas specific materials (i.e. platinum, iridium, indium, dysprosium) and related applications will need to be monitored to guarantee a sustainable transition towards renewable energies.

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Kondrat’ev, V., V. Popov, and G. Kedrova. "Critical Materials’ Supply Chains and US National Security." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 2 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-2-5-16.

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The COVID‑19 crisis and the Special Military Operation in Ukraine have showed how quickly and deeply global supply chains can be disrupted. This is especially true for critical and strategic materials. Many of these raw materials are critical to the European and US economies. They form a strong industrial base, participating in the production of a wide range of goods used in everyday life and modern technologies. Reliable and unfettered access to certain raw materials is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. Success in transforming and modernizing economies depends on the sustainable supply of primary and secondary raw materials needed to scale up clean and digital technologies in all industrial ecosystems. One of the lessons of the COVID‑19 crisis is the need to reduce dependency and strengthen the diversity and security of supply of critical raw materials. The expansion of strategic self-sufficiency is a priority of the long-term policy of the US and the EU. This article highlights the challenges and priorities for the United States to strengthen its strategic approach to building more sustainable commodity value chains. Strategic self-sufficiency, therefore, should, in the opinion of American and European experts, be based on diversified access to world commodity markets. At the same time, in order to reduce external dependence, the problem of rapidly growing global demand for resources is proposed to be solved by reducing and reusing materials. Achieving resource security requires action to diversify supply from primary and secondary sources, reduce dependency, and improve resource efficiency. This applies to all types of raw materials, including base metals, industrial minerals, and biotic materials.

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Witt, Martin Uwe, Markus Milwich, Götz T. Gresser, Manfred Hammer, and Jan Knippers. "Bio-Pultrusion of Façade-Profiles from Sustainable Materials." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.1033.

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Fiber reinforced plastics, due to their good mechanical properties and simultaneously low density, are very attractive for many uses. They are also gaining more importance in the civil engineering applications. Bio composites based on sustainable raw materials are becoming much more attractive, especially in construction industry, due to their recyclability and eco balance benefits. In this paper, a method to develop a façade profile from regenerated viscose filament and bio resin system (PTP®) using pultrusion process is discussed. The PTP® resin system from Bio-Composites And More GmbH comprises of 60% epoxidized vegetable oil. The pultrusion process is optimized to reach 60 cm/min speed from the initial speed of 4 cm/min by modifying the resin mixture. Though the production speeds are below the industrial standards, economic production scale could be still reached.

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Nasiri, Amir. "ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE PARK: A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE CITY'S ENVIRONMENT." Scientific works/Elmi eserler 2 (April 2, 1996): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.2022.2.34-46.

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Abstract. Sustainable urban parks have the basis of their sustainable economy by emphasizing the provision of green raw materials in the environment. Because the economy of sustainable parks has an ecological cycle model in which access to raw materials is possible only through production and consumption with recycling. Therefore, more investment should be made in green areas, including sustainable parks and the focus of economic investments should be gradually shifted from costly and destructive industrial sectors to environmentally friendly green sectors that can lead to more economic production at the same time. It is obvious that the implementation of such an economic development model can be easier and less risky in areas that have a greater share of natural capital. For this purpose, this article examines four components of economic and environmental benefits in a sustainable park through factors such as 1- Energy efficiency and reduction of power transmission costs to sustainable parks. 2- Reducing the demand for buying non-sustainable materials in the environment of sustainable urban parks. 3- Reducing the per capita costs of water consumption in sustainable parks. 4- The design of economic planting of plants in the green landscape of the park is discussed. Keywords: sustainable park, environmental improvement, energy efficiency, sustainable materials, sustainable water consumption, economic coverage of the landscape

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Grześkowiak, Joanna, Małgorzata Łochyńska, and Jakub Frankowski. "Sericulture in Terms of Sustainable Development in Agriculture." Problemy Ekorozwoju 17, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.2.23.

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Sericulture is a branch of agriculture specializing in the cultivation of silkworms and cocoon production as well as the cultivation of white mulberry, which is the sole source of food for silkworm caterpillars. Due to the ecological nature of farming both mulberry silkworm and mulberry cultivation, as well as the possibility of managing and processing waste generated in the breeding process, it is fully in line with the trend of sustainable development. Raw materials obtained from silkworm farming constitute the basis for products valued by consumers due to their environmentally friendly production methods and an organic source of raw materials. Silk production can successfully contribute to the increase in popularity and practical application of the idea of sustainable development in agriculture.

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Vidovic, Jelena, and Slavko Solar. "Recent developments in Raw Materials Policy in the European Union: perspective of EuroGeoSurveys as a data supplier." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 472, no. 472 (November 20, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6902.

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Mineral Raw Materials are of strategic importance for Europe’s economic growth and societal development. The European Commission addressed this challenge through the Raw Materials Initiative (RMI), stakeholders’ platform, the European Innovation Platform on Raw Materials (EIP-RM), and Horizon 2020 funding. The aim is to ensure security and sustainability of mineral raw materials supply from EU domestic and other primary and secondary sources and management of competing uses of the European surface and subsurface. The sustainable supply of raw materials from European sources requires an improved knowledge base of raw materials within the EU, namely the European Union Raw Materials Knowledge Base (EURMKB), where EuroGeoSurveys, the Geological Surveys of Europe, is one of the key data providers. Current European Commission policies have the same objectives that will be fully implemented in near future. The Mobility Package and its implementation activities (such as European Battery Alliance) and tools (including Horizon Europe) will strengthen the raw materials position in an overall EU policy setting.

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Nukala, Satya Guha, Ing Kong, Akesh Babu Kakarla, Kim Yeow Tshai, and Win Kong. "Preparation and Characterisation of Wood Polymer Composites Using Sustainable Raw Materials." Polymers 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153183.

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In recent years, composites consisting of polymers and cellulosic materials have attracted increasing research attention. Polypropylene (PP) is among the most common polymer types found in excavated waste from landfills. Moreover, wood waste generated from wood products manufacturing such as sawdust (SD) offers a good potential for the fabrication of composite materials, and it is readily available in the environment. In this paper, wood polymer composites (WPC) consisting of recycled PP (rPP) and (SD) were prepared and characterised. A range of mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural properties, creep and hardness were studied, along with morphology, thermal properties, water degradation and contact angle. The results showed that the mechanical and thermal properties of rPP increased with an increase in 40 wt% of the SD content. Furthermore, the SD content significantly influenced the water uptake of the composites. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) was applied to predict the long-term mechanical performance from short-term accelerated creep tests at a range of elevated temperatures. The short-term creep test showed efficient homogeneity between the fillers and matrix with increasing temperature. The produced wood polymer composites displayed a comparable physical property to virgin polymer and wood and could potentially be used for various structural materials.

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Grădinaru, Cătălina Mihaela, Adrian Alexandru Șerbănoiu, and Bogdan Vasile Șerbănoiu. "Sunflower Stalks versus Corn Cobs as Raw Materials for Sustainable Concrete." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 5078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175078.

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Concrete, the most common material in the building industry, involves the use of mineral aggregates that represent an exhaustible resource, despite their large availability. For a series of applications, these mineral aggregates can be replaced by vegetal ones, which represent an easy renewable natural resource. In this study, two types of vegetal raw materials, namely sunflower stalks and corn cobs, were used in developing 10 compositions of ecological microconcrete, with different percentages involved: 20%, 35%, 50%, 65% and 80%; they were analyzed from the perspectives of density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, resistance to repeated freeze-thaw cycles, modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity. The results revealed that the microconcretes with sunflower stalks registered slightly higher densities and better results regarding the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and freeze-thaw resistance than those with corn cobs. Lightweight concrete is obtained when more than 50% replacement rates of the mineral aggregates are used.

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Mobili, A., F. Tittarelli, G. M. Revel, and P. Wall. "VERAM, for a sustainable and competitive future for EU Raw Materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 329 (March 2018): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/329/1/012001.

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Pavlić, Branimir, Milica Aćimović, Aleksandra Sknepnek, Dunja Miletić, Živan Mrkonjić, Aleksandra Cvetanović Kljakić, Jelena Jerković, et al. "Sustainable raw materials for efficient valorization and recovery of bioactive compounds." Industrial Crops and Products 193 (March 2023): 116167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116167.

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Peter, L. M. "Towards sustainable photovoltaics: the search for new materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1942 (May 13, 2011): 1840–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0348.

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The opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion are reviewed in the context of projected world energy demands for the twenty-first century. Conventional single-crystal silicon solar cells are facing increasingly strong competition from thin-film solar cells based primarily on polycrystalline absorber materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). However, if PVs are to make a significant contribution to satisfy global energy requirements, issues of sustainability and cost will need to be addressed with increased urgency. There is a clear need to expand the range of materials and processes that is available for thin-film solar cell manufacture, placing particular emphasis on low-energy processing and sustainable non-toxic raw materials. The potential of new materials is exemplified by copper zinc tin sulphide, which is emerging as a viable alternative to the more toxic CdTe and the more expensive CIGS absorber materials.

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Bulacu, Cezar. "IZOMIN – Ecological solution for sustainable constructions." Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering 6, no. 1 (August 26, 2022): 050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001040.

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The depletion of non-renewable resources is followed by severe ecological and social impacts, and the heavy usage of raw, virgin resources leaves significant, long-lasting footprints. The transition to a more circular economy, where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained and circulated (by recycling activities) in the economy for as long as possible, is an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy. In this context, ecological solutions consisting of materials that help carbon sequestration and necessitate small amounts of energy for production are becoming increasingly popular from a building construction point of view, namely: The raw material is cheap and in large quantities; has low thermal conductivity; are from a renewable source. The paper presents an analysis of IZOMIN an innovative thermal insulating product made from renewable or recycled resources and their main technical properties, the purpose being to inform the market in order to increase the present level of technical knowledge and technologies used to facilitate the implementation of buildings with high energy efficiency.

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Umemura, Kenji. "Introduction of research on sustainable and environmentally friendly wood-based materials." Impact 2020, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.4.73.

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Wood-based materials are used for construction and furniture etc. The demand is expected to increase due to population growth and economic development. Wood-based materials are considered as sustainable material because wood is the main raw material. However, adhesives are indispensable when manufacturing those, and almost wood adhesives are made from chemicals derived from fossil resources. In recent years, breaking away from dependence on fossil resources has become an important global issue. One of the purposes of this work is to develop bio-based adhesives with simple preparation, low dependence of fossil resources and high adhesiveness. Novel bio-based adhesives using citric acid and/or sucrose are being researched. On the other hand, considering significant decrease of global forest area, alternative raw components for wood-based materials is desperately needed in the future. Un-utilized lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural wastes would be promising for these. The utilization of agricultural wastes also contributes to carbon fixation of lignocellulosic biomass. Now, researchers at the Laboratory of Sustainable Materials are interested in developing new wood-based materials that combine agricultural wastes with bio-based adhesives. These efforts will make wood-based materials more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

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Ghadge, Vijaya Jayasing, B. A. Konnur, and A. B. Landage. "Sustainable Development Through Appropriate Technologies." Journal of Interior Designing and Regional Planning 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joidrp.2022.v07i01.002.

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The phrase "sustainability" relates to various building operations and various site designs for buildings, and maintenance work which includes repair, and demolition that have the least environmental impact. Structural engineers, building contractors and their number of clients, and designers must work cooperatively throughout the project. One of the most critical topics in the construction industry is sustainable development. Appropriate technology is small-scale technology that is easy to manage on a local level. Due to India's rapid urbanization, the building industry is experiencing a slew of environmental issues. As the demand for houses and other residential units grows, more energy, resources, and raw materials are consumed, resulting in an increase in carbon emissions, which increases carbon content in the air and is hazardous to the environment and human health. The construction industry is in charge of developing, changing, and upgrading humanity's living environment. However, the fundamental issue here is that construction and buildings have major environmental implications, absorbing a significant part of the earth's resources, including soil, energy, raw materials, water, and agricultural land. Considering all the paper discusses areas in building construction where appropriate and modern technology can be effectively employed and where savings in construction cost and energies are significant for long-term sustainability.

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TIESS, Guenter, Iryna SOKOLOVA, and Serhii KLOCHKOV. "EFFECTIVE MINERAL POLICY AS A KEY FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 1-2(44-45) (June 30, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238854.

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The paper analyzes the changes in commodity market distortions, competing land use types, raw material demand for development, and rapid diffusion of key enabling technologies meeting the requirements of constant, dynamic development of major European industries. The author gives the relationship between the dynamics for mineral resources consumption growth, and changes in the conditions of production of these resources. Contains a critical review of methods for predicting the mineral resources dependency, including an estimated forecasting method based on guidelines for the evaluation of needs for natural resources and their substitutes. One of the principles is comprehensive and integrated resource recovery. In a nutshell, this new approach argues that any operation should disturb a mine site only once and extract all useful materials using an optimised integrated flowsheet. This principle also requires that all by-products and residues are (re)used and that by-products and tailings at the end of life to be ‘future-proofed’, i.e. they should retain their ability to continue to be of value into the distant future where technology/economy may make feasible their use. It is noted that access to and affordability of mineral raw materials are crucial for the sound functioning of the EU’s economy. A new 2020 list of critical mineral raw materials is presented and ways to compensate for the CRM deficit are described in detail. Separately noted that the mineral policy is needed to be meticulously treated to facilitate company investment security, streamline permitting and access to minerals in a line with the European Green Deal, the Circular Economy Action Plan, the Bioeconomy Strategy and the European Industrial Strategy. Concerning, the latest steps towards Europe economically resilient by a framework for raw materials and the Circular Economy – creation of European Raw Materials Alliance recognized as particularly effective. Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management represented as a robust, fit-for-purpose international standard for the safer management of tailings storage facilities. The argument is given that since the land issue is one of the most delicate in a densely populated areas heavily dependent on agriculture, housing, infrastructure or other nonmineral development, a fair and equitable distribution of land is important for a mineral perspective. There is also the need for strategic and open network between political, industrial and local communities through the exchange of information to enhance knowledge, experience and skills between stakeholders. Social acceptance of that idea is a fundamental element that must be addressed to develop a confl ict-free area for mineral development activities. The conclusions indicate that we would like to emphasize that the main task of today is to create an effective system for monitoring the movement of raw materials along the entire added-value chain. The ability to quickly identify and respond to challenges in mineral policy will provide leadership in EU strategic technologies and industries. This process has already started with the creation of the European Raw Materials Alliance ERMA. State institutions, businesses, scientific institutions, and civil society in the close dialogue are able to ensure sustainable development and security of civilization as a whole.

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Mesjasz-Lech, Agata, and Pál Michelberger. "Sustainable Waste Logistics and the Development of Trade in Recyclable Raw Materials in Poland and Hungary." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154159.

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This article aims to propose a methodological framework to determine the degree of the dynamic impact of the effect of activities in the field of sustainable waste logistics on the development of trade in recyclable raw materials in the chosen countries of the European Union, especially in Poland and Hungary. In order to determine the dynamic interdependence between the indicated phenomena, econometric tools associated with the vector autoregression model were used, namely: Granger causality tests, impulse response function and variance decomposition of forecast errors. The tools used will not only identify the direction of the causal interdependence between the effects of sustainable logistics activities and the development of trade in recyclable raw materials, but also allow to determine the strength of the interaction between these variables. The conducted research shows that changes in the environmental effects of waste logistics activities are the Granger cause of changes occurring in the trade of renewable raw materials, especially in Hungary. Considering adequately delayed values of the synthetic development measure of the environmental effects of waste logistics increases the accuracy of predictions for changes in the trade of recyclable raw materials.

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Mufaridah, Ennis, and Fiskha Suhartini. "PENTINGNYA PENGENDALIAN SUPPLY BAHAN BAKU DALAM AKTIVITAS PROSES PRODUKSI PADA RUMAH SUSTAINABLE ASSEMBLY PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH DI JABON SIDOARJO." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/adv.v2i1.288.

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Home industry that has been the backbone of local government, always in galakkan to improve the dignity of society of lower economic class which generally become small business actor, in business activity important factor to be considered is controlling raw material, so easy to be controlled and not damaged then the amount of raw materials to be purchased in accordance with the needs, so that it can be minimized the amount of raw materials that tend to be damaged. Thus, raw materials purchased can be efficient for production process activities.

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Gogoi, Achinta, Mezhubeinuo, Stability Nongrum, and Ghanashyam Bez. "Application of Nature’s Chiral Pool in Environmentally Sustainable Organic Synthesis." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 13 (September 2, 2021): 1566–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210322120953.

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Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of environmentally sustainable organic processes that can stop the eventual depletion of our eco-system with wider implications on the day-to-day practice in academic laboratories and industries. The use of biocompatible raw materials as a catalyst, solvent, and synthetic precursors; continuous attempt to design ideal synthetic processes, and use of energy-efficient strategy, such as multicomponent reactions have potential to achieve sustainable organic synthesis. The aim of this review was to discuss the applications of nature’s chiral pool, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and their readily accessible derivatives as a catalyst, solvent, and raw materials for the synthesis of diverse molecular targets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainable raw materials'

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