Academic literature on the topic 'Sustainable Financial Sector'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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KONYAEV, Aleksei A. "Technologies of financial flows sustainable management of the Russian banking sector." Finance and Credit 27, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1334–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.6.1334.
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Subject. This article deals with the issues of rational allocation and management of macro-financial flows of the banking sector. Objectives. The article aims to interpret technologies of sustainable management of financial flows of the banking sector. Methods. For the study, I used post evaluation, systems, functional and structural, evolutionary, and dynamic analyses, and the techniques of observation, classification, grouping, sampling, comparison, and generalization. Conclusions and Relevance. To manage the macro-financial flows of the banking sector, financial technologies should be used both within the banking sector and cooperation between the sector and the Bank of Russia, and different sectors of the economy. The introduction of financial technologies will help the banking sector manage macro-financial flows in a sustainable manner, reduce regulatory burden and improve the efficiency of compliance with the Bank of Russia's regulatory requirements, and risk management.
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Županović, Ivo. "Sustainable Risk Management in the Banking Sector." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2014-0006.
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Abstract The globalization of financial markets and negative consequences of the financial crisis resulted in negative connotations in the operation of many financial institutions, businesses and citizens and imposed the need to implement appropriate risk management measures in the banking sector. Evolution of the financial sector makes a lot of news in the field of risk management and particularly the modelling of market, credit and operational risk. The main methodology for risk management is the value-at-risk, which is used in practice with other techniques such as the capital- at-risk method in order to minimize business risks and achieve optimal results in the banking and, generally, financial operations. Accordingly, at all levels of governance in the banking sector, there are prudential policies in place governing the management of all types of financial and operational risks. Based on the abovementioned, the focus of the examination was on the above postulate, and prompt recognition, control and proper management of banking risks.
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Minina, T. I., and V. V. Skalkin. "Reducing the Risks of the Financial Sector to Ensure Sustainable Growth of the Russian Еconomy." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 3 (July 7, 2019): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-3-86-92.
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Russia’s entry into the top five economies of the world depends, among other things, on the development of the financial sector, being a necessary condition for the economic growth of a developed macroeconomic and macro-financial system. The financial sector represents a system of relationships for the effective collection and distribution of economic resources, their deployment according to public demand, reducing the risk of overproduction and overheating of the economy.Therefore, the subject of the research is the financial sector of the Russian economy.The purpose of the research was to formulate an approach to alleviating the risks of increasing financial costs in the real sector of the economy by reducing the impact of endogenous risks expressed as financial asset “bubbles” using the experience of developed countries in the monetary policy.The paper analyzes a macroeconomic model applied to the financial sector. It is established that the economic growth is determined by the growth and, more important, the qualitative development of the financial sector, which leads to two phenomena: overproduction in the real sector and an increase in asset prices in the financial sector, with a debt load in both the real and financial sectors. This results in decreasing the interest rate of the mega-regulator to near-zero values. In this case, since the mechanisms of the conventional monetary policy do not work, the unconventional monetary policy is used when the mega-regulator buys out derivative financial instruments from systemically important institutions. As a conclusion, given deflationally low rates, it is proposed that the megaregulator should issue its own derivative financial instruments and place them in the financial market.
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Makarenko, Inna, Yulia Yelnikova, Anna Lasukova, and Abdul Rahman Barhaq. "Corporate social responsibility of financial sector institutions in the light of sustainable development goals financing: the role of banks and stock exchanges." Public and Municipal Finance 7, no. 3 (November 6, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.07(3).2018.01.
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Significant gap in investment resources for financing Sustainable Development Goals can be overcome with the revitalization of the corporate social responsibility mechanism of the financial sector institutions, for example banks and stock exchanges as the largest players in the global financial sector. The most relevant for them are Goals 1, 5, 8, 10, 13, 17. Incorporating these goals into activities of the financial sector institutions requires not only the activation of their CSR mechanism in the directions indicated by the targets, but also the radical restructuring of all business processes and the reorientation of their overall sustainability strategy. Analysis of current sustainability reporting disclosure by financial sector institutions in global and regional aspects was conducted. Based on the analysis, the authors define the role of CSRs of banks and stock exchanges in SDG financing as follows: banks – ensuring their own sustainability and efficiency through CSR mechanisms, formation of new tools, methods and technologies of financial support of SDG; stock exchanges – minimization of information asymmetry in investor decision making, taking into consideration ESG criteria, formation of exemplary disclosure practices and new markets and market benchmarks by listing companies.
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Radchenko, Oksana. "Financial potential of sustainable development of the agrarian sector." Ekonomika APK, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.201901027.
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Oluganna, Eunice, Tajudeen Lawal, and Daniya Adeiza Abdulazeez. "EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON FINANCIAL INNOVATION IN NIGERIA." JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN AUDITING 15, no. 2 (October 6, 2019): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jaa.15.2.150-164.
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Financial sector is crucial for the development of a well-functioning market as it facilitate capitalinflows, mobilize savings for productive investment and facilitates the conduct and growth of aneconomy in the world. Despite the importance of financial sector development in Nigeria, financialinstitution operating in financial market were confronted with drastic changes where by old waysof doing business were no longer profitable and sustainable and unable to acquire fund with theirtraditional financial instruments. Against this background, the study investigated the effect offinancial sector development on financial innovation in Nigeria. The study employed secondarydata obtained from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and World Bank database between2011 and 2017. The data obtained was subjected to system General Method of Analysis (GMM)estimator. The study concluded that upward trend of process innovation significantly influence thein depth of finance. The study recommends policy makers should design policies which willpromote and enhance the relationship between financial innovation and financial development inother to increase the supply and provision of financial service.
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Varma, Jayanth R. "Indian Financial Sector and the Global Financial Crisis." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 34, no. 3 (July 2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920090304.
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Though the Indian financial sector had very limited exposure to the toxic assets at the heart of the global financial crisis, it suffered a severe liquidity crisis after the Lehman bankruptcy. This liquidity crisis could have been averted with timely injection of liquidity into the system by the Reserve Bank of India, claims Jayanth Varma. Apart from the liquidity crisis, India also had to deal with the collapse of global trade finance; deflation of an asset market bubble; demand contraction for exports; and corporate losses on currency derivatives. Looking ahead, the paper argues that the crisis is a wake-up call for the Indian banks and financial system for better managing their liquidity and credit risks, re-examining the international expansion policies of banks, and reviewing risk management models and stress test methodologies. Rejecting the widely held notion that financial innovation caused the global crisis, the author offers examples from bond markets and securitization to establish the necessity of continuing with the financial reforms. While India has high growth potential, growth is not inevitable. Only the right economic and financial policies and a favourable global environment can make rapid growth a sustainable phenomenon.
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Alguindigue Ruiz, Pedro Ildemaro, and Olaf Weber. "The Impact of Financial Sector Sustainability Guidelines and Regulations on the Financial Stability of South American Banks." ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 10, no. 1 (2021): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2021.10.1.007.
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Sustainability risks represent a significant concern for the banking industry. Consequently, financial regulators created financial sector sustainability guidelines and regulations. However, the effect of these policies on banks’ financial stability is unclear. Hence, this study analyzes 149 banks in 17 countries in Latin America to explore the impact of financial sector sustainability guidelines and regulations on the banking industry. We use the Z-Score to measure the financial stability of banks in countries with and without financial sector sustainability guidelines and regulations. Based on panel regression, our results suggest significant differences between banks in countries with and without financial sector sustainability guidelines and regulations. We conclude that sustainable finance regulations promote financial stability as well as sustainable banking practices.
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Rahim, Norfhadzilahwati. "SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 3, no. 2 (September 8, 2017): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2017.321.
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Purpose: Growth for business is significant especially for company’s goal because the company can maintain their performance without running into financial problems. Financial problems or financial distress can make the company not enough capital or financial resources to run company activities. This research investigate the association between firm performance and sustainable growth rate.Methodology:The indicators for sustainable growth rate are calculated by using Higgins model and the measurements for firm performance such as financial leverage (debt ratio and equity ratio), liquidity (current ratio), and assets efficiency (total asset turnover). The data of the research consists of 226 companies from all sectors except for a financial sector of FBMKLCI Bursa Malaysia over 11 years’ period from 2005 until 2015. This analysis used descriptive method and multiple regression analysis.Findings:The results found that there is a significant relationship between debt ratio, equity ratio, total asset turnover and size of the firm with sustainable growth rate.Practical Implications:The sustainable growth rate is one of the valuable financial tools especially for managers used to gauging financial and operating decision, whether to sustain, increase or decrease.Social Implications: The results of this study also enable the company to manage its financial and operating policy towards healthy growth without having additional financial problem.Research Limitations/Implications:This study focuses on all sectors except for financial sector of Bursa Malaysia to identify an implication to the role of debt and financing decisions for sustainable firm’s growth over 11 years period from 2005 until 2015.Originality/Value: Our results are suitable for companies to manage their solid performance to sustain firm’s growth in the future undertakings.
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Mulder, Herman. "The Financial Sector as Stewards for the Sustainable Development Goals." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 5, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v5n2p183.
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<p><strong>The best of times, the worst of times:</strong></p><p>As in Charles Dickens’ novel “A Tale of Two Cities”, we seem to be living in “the best of times and the worst of times”, with hopefully “resurrection” (after the 1789 French Revolution though) or, in current jargon, societal, economic, technological “transformation”, fitting a modern, inclusive, just, prosperous, fair, peaceful world.</p>Social justice, nature conservation and economic fairness are essential elements for “the world we want”, as articulated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (the SDGs) for the period 2015-2030. With its 17 Goals, 169 targets and 234+ indicators it is, together with the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Addis Action Agenda on Financing for Development, a powerful, global, universal driver for positive change, “leaving no one behind”, “from us all, by us all for us all”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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Babakhani, Victor, and Aalhuizen Christoffer. "Oil Price and Sector Returns : An International Analysis on the role of Oil Dependency in the Financial Sector." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376483.
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Olja har under det förgångna seklet varit en av industrialiseringens stöttepelare. Idag, med omfattande satsningar inom hållbar utveckling så är inverkan av oljan högt aktuellt och inom en snar framtid kan den se en påtaglig nedbringa även om det har visats att dess relevans kommer kvarstå åtminstone fram till 2040. Tidigare forskning har påvisat att fluktuationer i oljepriset är en bidragsgivare till de systematiska risker företag ställs inför dagligen. Denna studie utvidgade analysområdet genom att välja ut länder med en netto-import av olja och sortera de på den andel relativa oljetillförsel som nationen erhållit gentemot nivån av systematisk risk från oljeprisfluktuationer som företagen ställs inför. Analysen utfördes över 120 Finansiella företag i 12 europeiska länder. Det anträffades utpräglade mönster i studiens resultat som kan antyda en koppling mellan dessa variabler, men resultaten återfinns i majoritet till att inte uppnå statistisk signifikans. Vidare kan studiens modell utgöra en bas för vidare forskning inom området.
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Lentfer, Sofia, Lison Mavon, and Sofia Stenberg. "The Impact of the EU Taxonomy on Greenwashing : With a Case on the Swedish Sustainable Finance Sector." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52777.
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Background: The trend in environmental reporting has been continuously increasing. However, there is a lack of accepted uniform standards for accreditation, standardization, and evaluation of green investments, which slows down the process of mobilizing capital to meet sustainability objectives. In response to this, the European Union has created, in summer 2019, a new Taxonomy Regulation in an effort to increase green investing. Purpose: Skepticism towards green organizations is on the rise and the phenomenon, namely greenwashing, can be argued to be one of the biggest threats to sustainable development. Previous research on greenwashing has so far only looked at the effects it has on consumers. This study identifies this research gap and alternatively investigates the perspective of the investors on greenwashing. Prior to the EU Taxonomy, there were limited regulations in place to ensure a universal measurement of sustainable actions that were mandatory. This raises the question of whether the EU Taxonomy truly has the potential to reduce greenwashing or not. A descriptive investigation of the current literature on problems of greenwashing within the financial sector can seek to identify the critical themes concerning the EU Taxonomy. Construct a framework on which the EU Taxonomy may be most effective in reducing the types of greenwashing. Research Question: What is the potential of the new EU Taxonomy to increase transparency within the sustainable financial sector that is threatened by greenwashing? Method: Qualitative study; exploratory case study approach; the paradigm of interpretivism as our research philosophy; interviews based on the inductive approach, semi-structured interviews with a mix of open- and close-ended questions; purposive sampling method; triangulation data analysis with findings visualized in a tree diagram. Conclusion: A framework is presented that identifies the high/moderate/low potentials of the EU Taxonomy decreasing greenwashing in the financial sector. Our findings conclude that the EU Taxonomy showed great potential in giving a more comprehensive understanding of the company’s sustainable actions. The development of our findings contributes to a better current understanding of the threats of greenwashing for investors and can help to increase their confidence in sustainable investing.
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Mundy, Daniel Esteban Cooper. "Sustainable finance and climate change in the context of the insurance sector of Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20926.
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Mestrado em Actuarial ScienceEste estudo visa avaliar os riscos relacionados com as alterações climáticas em diferentes cenários, principalmente os riscos de se tornar num sistema financeiro sustentável, impulsionado pelo acordo de Paris, metas europeias e agendas estratégicas locais. Bem como avaliar a limitação da informação histórica para modelar a materialização das alterações climáticas em Portugal. Além disso, este estudo tem como objetivo oferecer um amplo panorama da revisão da literatura sobre riscos relacionados ao clima sob diferentes perspectivas e estudos. De facto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar, a partir de uma estrutura de trabalho harmonizada, a materialização dos riscos relacionados as alterações climáticas, com base em esforços coordenados entre governos, supervisores e bancos centrais. Em particular, a natureza dos riscos relacionados as alterações climáticas abrange ativos e passivos numa seguradora, por esta razão, este estudo apresenta benchmarks para monitorar os diferentes componentes da cadeia de valor de uma seguradora e como esses benchmarks podem interagir com os resultados deste estudo. No geral, este estudo foi desenvolvido sob uma perspectiva combinada, usando teoria financeira moderna, avaliação da disponibilidade das informações, opiniões de especialistas macroeconômicos, modelos macroeconômicos locais, metodologias de avaliação de ativos, ponto de vista da ciência atuarial e o uso de cenários com base de dados público.
This study seeks to evaluate climate-related risks under different scenarios, mainly the risks of turning into a sustainable financial system, driven by the Paris agreement, European targets and local strategic agendas. As well as to evaluate the limitation of the historical information to model the materialization of climate changes in Portugal. Furthermore, this study has the objective to offer a broad overview of literature review on climate-related risks from different perspectives and studies. In fact, this study aims to assess, from a harmonized framework, the materialization of climate-related risks, based on coordinated efforts among governments, supervisors and central banks. In particular, the nature of climate-related risks embraces assets and liabilities in an insurance company, for this reason, this study introduces benchmarks to monitor the different components of an insurer's value chain and how these benchmarks might interact with the findings of this study. Overall, this study was developed under a combined perspective, mixing modern financial theory, information availability assessment, macroeconomic experts' opinions, local macroeconomic models, assets valuation methodologies, actuarial science perspective and scenarios with a widely public database.
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Halef, Esmeralda. "CSR i finansbranschen : Hållbarhetsrelaterade utmaningar ur tre olika finansiella aktörers perspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231851.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och hållbarhet i finanssektorn har under de senaste åren blivit en mycket omdiskuterad fråga. I denna studie har jag undersökt vilka hållbarhetsrelaterade utmaningar som finns inför framtiden för den svenska finansmarknaden. Genom att titta på de finansiella aktörerna Swedbank, Folksam och Söderberg & Partners verksamheter samt prata med deras respektive hållbarhetschefer har det framkommit flera utmaningar. En av dem är att kunna hantera de risker som en omställning från en icke hållbar verksamhet till en hållbar verksamhet innebär. En annan utmaning är att förstå den effekten ens handlingar leder till i det långa loppet. Genom en granskning av EU-kommissionens rapport och handlingsplan gällande finanssektorns viktiga roll i att klara klimatmålen för år 2030 har det även framkommit fler utmaningar och möjligheter för den finansiella marknaden att utveckla sina verksamheter.Studien visar också att ordet CSR inte används i finansbranschen längre utan att de använder sig av ordet hållbarhet. Endast i ett avseende pratar företagen om CSR och inte hållbarhet. Det är när företagen tänker på filantropiska aktiviteter.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability in the financial sector has in recent years become a highly discussed issue. In this study I have investigated the sustainability-related challenges facing the future of the Swedish financial market. By looking at the financial actors Swedbank, Folksam and Söderberg & Partners operations as well as talking with their respective sustainability managers, several challenges have been identified. One of them is being able to handle the risks that are involved in a shift from a non-sustainable business into a sustainable business. Another challenge is to understand the effect that one's actions lead to in the long run. A review of the EU Commission's report and action plan on the important role of the financial sector in meeting climate targets by 2030 has also revealed more challenges and opportunities for the financial market to develop its operations.The study also shows that the word CSR is not used in the financial sector anymore. They are using the word sustainability. Only in one perspective, companies talk about CSR and not sustainability. This is when companies talk about their philanthropic activities.
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Maziwisa, Michelle Rufaro. "An examination of the legal framework governing opportunities and barriers to economic development in Southern Africa: a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6184.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThis thesis examines the legal framework of Zimbabwe to determine if the laws and policies which are in place create opportunities for, or barriers to, economic development. Specifically, it examines the legal framework governing trade, investment and financial services. The thesis focuses on Zimbabwe as a case study and draws lessons from South Africa. It proceeds from the premise that despite the numerous attempts made at international, regional and domestic levels to increase economic development (such as through liberalisation of markets and access to international development finance), Zimbabwe has failed to attain 'developed country' status. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the causes of poor economic performance in Zimbabwe postindependence (post-1980).
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Backenroth, Sanna, and Casper Lindqvist. "A Green New World : How the Real Estate Sector is Working with Sustainable Financing in Regard to the EU Taxonomy." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297930.
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The EU Taxonomy is a new regulation produced to set a European standard for sustainable investments and to allocate capital for a sustainable transition. The Taxonomy aims to regulate several sectors, one of which is the real estate sector. Due to it functioning as a classification system, the EU Taxonomy will play an essential role for companies seeking financing. This thesis explores how Swedish and Baltic real estate companies intend to work with sustainable finance given this new regulation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with companies within the real estate sector and government agencies from Sweden and the Baltic countries, in order to get a holistic view of the situation in these regions. Through research it has been found that the EU Taxonomy will continue to encourage the work with sustainability for companies even though there are some uncertainties with the regulation as of now. Current financial instruments, such as green bonds, are likely to continue to be emitted but will probably be connected with the EU Taxonomy. New financial products will be developed with the help of the Taxonomy. There are however differences in attitudes and actions regarding sustainable financing in Sweden and the Baltics. Sweden has come further with green financing, but the interest is high in the Baltics and sustainable financing is likely to evolve in the region in the near future. The research finds that there is a concern that smaller companies will have difficulties to keep up the pace of sustainability given the Taxonomy, especially if they recently have begun their work with sustainability. Even though the EU Taxonomy has received criticism for not including green building certifications, the general attitude is positive in that the Taxonomy will imply a common and cross-border definition of the term “sustainability”.EU-taxonomin är ett nytt regelverk framtaget för att sätta en europeisk standard för hållbara investeringar och allokera kapital för en grön omställning. Taxonomin syftar till att reglera flera sektorer, varav fastighetssektorn är en av dem. Genom att fungera som ett klassificeringssystem så kommer EU-taxonomin att spela en central roll när företag ska finansiera sig. I denna uppsats undersöks hur svenska och baltiska fastighetsbolag kommer att arbeta med hållbar finansiering givet detta nya regelverk. Uppsatsen innehåller semistrukturerade intervjuer med fastighetsbolag och myndighetspersoner från Sverige och Baltikum för att få en överskådlig bild av situationen i nämnda regioner. Studien finner att EU-taxonomin kommer driva på hållbarhetsarbetet hos företag även om det initialt råder vissa oklarheter med regelverket. Befintliga finansiella instrument såsom gröna obligationer lär fortsätta emitteras men kommer troligtvis kopplas samman med EU-taxonomin. Nya finansiella produkter kommer att utvecklas med hjälp av taxonomin. Det finns emellertid skillnader när det kommer till hållbar finansiering mellan Sverige och Baltikum. Sverige har kommit längre vad gäller grön finansiering men intresset är högt i Baltikum och gröna finansieringslösningar lär växa i regionen inom en snar framtid. Undersökningen finner att det finns en oro för att företag av mindre storlek kommer att ha svårigheter att följa med på hållbarhetsresan i linje med taxonomin, särskilt om de nyligen påbörjat sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Trots att taxonomin har fått kritik för att inte inkludera miljöcertifieringar så är den sammantagna attityden positiv eftersom att EU-taxonomin kommer innebära en gemensam och gränsöverskridande definition av begreppet “hållbarhet”.
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El, hajjari Borg Mounia, and Elin Sundberg. "Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448552.
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While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature.
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SYU, YA-LING, and 徐雅鈴. "Financial Sector and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-Shared Value Business Model." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pj3424.
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碩士東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
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The United Nations continues the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) concept, Resubmit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as a sustainable development issue for the next fifteen years (2016-2030).The company plays a key role. At present, company does not fully understand the depth and connotation of SDG, so they cannot grasp the business opportunities and new markets brought by SDGs. Therefore, this study is based on the shared value perspective, this study collects the financial Sector (banks, insurance, and diversified financials) selected for the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, respond the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) construction a business model of shared value. The study uses content analysis method, exploring the current situation and practice of the financial sector in course of action to SDGs, The analysis sample is 93 financial companies selected for DJSI in 2016-2018, source of information is a public issued CSR / sustainable report or an integrated report. Research indicates that 73.1% of the financial Sector public statement responses SDGs, only 50% of the financial Sector is committed to SDGs, formulating short, medium and long-term goals. The top five SDGs that are most concerned by the financial Sector, SDGs 13 (climate action), SDGs 8 (employment and economic growth), SDGs 5 (gender equality), SDGs 4 (educational quality) and SDGs 9 (industrial, innovation and infrastructure), Nearly 70% of the financial Sector responds to these goals. In the shared value business model, this study responds to the course of action to SDGs through the financial Sector. Inductive principles are from core business and non-core business, which have ten items Responsible investment/lending, financial inclusion, ESG products, Professional consultation, Empowerment of women, Social welfare, Employee well-being, Cultivation of talent, Human rights and resource management. Provide decision makers based on business model or demand, formulating the responds goals and practices of SDG to achieve shared value. Keywords: SDGs, financial Sector, business model
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Dlamini, Phindile G. "Sustainable social entrepreneurship and social value creation applications for the financial sector in Swaziland." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26539.
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Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of PhilosophyFinancial exclusion is a pervasive feature of developing countries that is viewed as a significant contributing factor to the socioeconomic ills of poverty and inequality. It results from market failure that creates deficit supply of financial services to sections of the population. Social enterprise finance institutions that include micro-finance organizations, development finance, cooperatives and informal groups, play an increasingly leading role as interventions to promote inclusion. The study examines the practices engaged by social enterprises in their mission to create social value using market interventions, to assess their capability in sustainably correcting for market failure. It probes the responsive strategies, actions and behaviour of these enterprises to the specific market failure conditions that exist in the financial sector. It also analyses the propensity of mission drift phenomenon among enterprises due to corporatization, and the conflict of missions faced by social enterprises. A qualitative empirical analysis of 9 financial sector social enterprises from 42 respondents in a combination of individual and focus group settings in Swaziland was conducted. The results show that social enterprises have become adept at alternative risk management strategies to ameliorate market failure conditions. Strategies include alternative collateral, exploitation of common bonds, relationship building, customer clusters, loan disbursements to suppliers and complementary support services. Social enterprises are evidently heterogeneous in their in their bias towards either sustainability or social objectives. They fall into a continuum between a commercial orientation at one extreme and a social one at the other. At the commercial end dwells enterprises that have adopted more conservative market failure mitigation strategies and a more aggressive self-sufficiency position. This is reflected in a stricter selection of customers, less directed demand led services, close to market related service charges, and investment choices in more financially rewarding activities. At the opposite end of the continuum are socially oriented enterprises that have a broader customer base, services strictly directed at specific segments of the population and subsidized service charges.
E.R.
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Hsieh, Yi-Hsuan, and 謝佾璇. "A Study for Taiwan Finance Service Sector on Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development-A Case of C Financial Holding Company." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6xw6t4.
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碩士東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
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Regarding the free market and its affection have the big change in financial market, Taiwan finance holding company also change its role and business direction to meet the market requirement for the economic development. As the coordinator role in the finance business and market once the company has the issue or problem then will affect the rights and benefits of stock holder and customer, going further t also will affect all the business and economic in the country and region. The purpose of this study is to see the status of financial holding company social responsibility implementation, the strategic plan and its implementation way for the future business growth. This study follows by qualitative research method and with case study to collect the related information, with observation to make the conclusion. It is reference the related study report, exhibition and collet the related news and information from the internet. This study has the evidences to show the social responsibility strategy and its implementation which combined with the business strategy is suitable and will produce the benefits to the company. The implementation is changing from the simple public relation activity to transforming to the core value in the company’s business service and product. The holding company seeking the business growth in Asia region, the key point as this study shows there are business strategy, management and social responsibility. Have the social responsibility and sustainable development strategic plan is a way for the further business growth. The strategy implementation is a good tool as the plan for finance holding company future business and sustainable development in Taiwan to create the business miracle in Asia.
Books on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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Malaysia, Bank Negara. Financial sector blueprint, 2011-2020: Strengthening our future : strong, stable, sustainable. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Bank Negara Malaysia, 2011.
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Towards sustainable growth: Essays in fiscal and financial sector reforms in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.
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Jeucken, Marcel. Sustainable finance and banking: The financial sector and the future of the planet. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2001.
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Wagner, Nancy L. Financial sector evolution in the Central European economies: Challenges in supporting macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, European I Department, 2001.
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Teresa, Szauer María, López Roberto, Corporación Andina de Fomento, Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano, and Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas, eds. Finanzas y desarrollo sostenible: Jornadas de concientización para el sector financiero : memorias de las jornadas de concientización realizadas en los países andinos. Caracas]: Corporación Andina de Fomento, 2004.
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Poletaeva, Vladislava. Financial mechanism for the formation of the economy of sustainable industrial growth. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1347148.
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"The monograph is devoted to the development of a financial mechanism for the transformation of the national economic system from a relatively low growth rate and their significant instability of the export-raw materials model to a model of sustainable industrial growth.
In the first chapter, the rationale is made for the feasibility (to solve the problem of forming an economy of sustainable industrial growth) of developing cooperation between the banking sector and the state in the field of financing the manufacturing industry based on the implementation of the interests of all key stakeholders of such projects, the interests of the state, the banking sector and manufacturing enterprises are identified, and the completeness of their implementation within the existing mechanisms of bank-state investment in the economy is assessed.
The second chapter describes the algorithm of transactions for lending to industrial enterprises as part of the financial mechanism for forming an economy of sustainable industrial growth, and also develops methods for implementing the interests of the bank, the authorized state institution (creditors) and the manufacturing industry (borrower) when providing the latter with financing and in a situation of problem debt. In the third chapter, the author formulates a method for determining the "locomotive" industries, investment in which will stimulate the growth of the national economic system to the greatest extent
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Poletaeva, Vladislava. Economics of sustainable industrial growth: concept, problems and possible mechanisms of formation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1086387.
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The monograph examines the issues of transformation of the Russian economy from raw materials export model to a model of sustainable industrial growth. In the first Chapter of the work the author formulates the definition of sustainable economy growth and the expediency of its formation, analyzes the problems that hinder the transformation of national economic system into a model for sustainable industrial growth, and identified possible mechanisms of such transformation. In the second Chapter, in order to determine the sources of the implementation of the financial mechanism of forming of economy of sustainable industrial growth, the author assesses financial potential of economic entities and analyzes the role of the banking sector and the state to invest resources in the Russian economy. In the third Chapter the author provides the rationale (for the decision of task of forming of economy of industrial growth) for the development of cooperation in the banking sector and the state in the financing of manufacturing industry on the basis of realization of interests of all key stakeholders of such projects, identifies the interests of the state, banking sector and manufacturing industries and estimated the fullness of their realization in the framework of the existing mechanisms of the banking and government lending to the economy.
Designed for teachers, students of economic specialties, as well as anyone interested in the problems of development of economy in modern conditions.
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Finance, Initiatives Roundtable (2000 Frankfurt Germany). Globalisation and sustainable development: Opportunities and challenges for the financial services sector : international roundtable meeting on finance and the environment, Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 16-17 November 2000. Geneva: UNEP, 2001.
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Associates, Cambridge Energy Research. Financing Mexico's power sector: Is the PIDIREGAS program sustainable? Cambridge, Mass: CERA, 2003.
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Regional Conference on Sustainable Financing Mechanisms for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution (1996 Manila, Philippines). Sustainable financing mechanisms: Public sector-private sector partnership : proceedings of the Regional Conference on Sustainable Financing Mechanisms for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution : Public Sector-Private Sector Partnership, Metro Manila, Philippines, 14-16 November 1996. Quezon City, Philippines: [Global Environment Facility], 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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Xu, Lei, Ron P. McIver, Shiao-Lan Chou, and Harjap Bassan. "Political Connections, Ownership Structure and Performance in China’s Mining Sector." In Sustainable Financial Innovations, 266–83. First Edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315156194-13.
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Busch, Danny. "Sustainability Disclosure in the EU Financial Sector." In Sustainable Finance in Europe, 397–443. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71834-3_12.
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Zeitinger, Claus-Peter. "Sustainable Microfinance Banks — Problems and Perspectives." In The Development of the Financial Sector in Southeast Europe, 125–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24820-0_10.
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Weber, Olaf. "Financial Sector Sustainability Regulations and Voluntary Codes of Conduct: Do They Help to Create a More Sustainable Financial System?" In Designing a Sustainable Financial System, 383–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66387-6_14.
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Bopp, Robert E. "Climate Change and Reputation in the Financial Services Sector." In Palgrave Studies in Sustainable Business In Association with Future Earth, 225–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38858-4_11.
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Alexander, Helen. "Sustainable Microfinance Banks — IMI as a Public-Private Partnership in Practice." In EU Accession — Financial Sector Opportunities and Challenges for Southeast Europe, 289–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26963-0_25.
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Asonitou, Sofia, and Chara Kottara. "Sustainable Development of Skills for the Tourism Sector and Its Financial Impact." In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism, 1121–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12453-3_129.
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Mayumi, Kozo Torasan. "Capital Interest, the Financial Sector and Debt Expansion: Toward a More Sustainable and Equitable World Order." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 99–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43225-6_5.
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Mungai, Edward M., S. Wagura Ndiritu, and Izael da Silva. "Unlocking Climate Finance Potential for Climate Adaptation: Case of Climate Smart Agricultural Financing in Sub Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2063–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_172.
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AbstractClimate change has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by the world today. Adverse impacts of climate change are visible across sectors like agriculture and other natural resources due to increasing average temperature and changing weather patterns. Africa constitutes around 13% of the global population but contributes the least (around 2%) to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Concerning the global climate vulnerability index, Africa is most impacted (around 21%) by climate change and its’ population is most vulnerable to climate sensitivity and fragility of the continent’s natural environment and increasingly erratic weather patterns, low adoption of climate-resilient technologies, and high dependence on environment-based livelihoods. Hence, Africa needs to adopt low carbon and climate-resilient development to address climate-related issues and to have sustainable development. In line with the low carbon/climate-resilient development agenda, 53 countries (except Libya) have submitted Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and have set ambitious targets under NDC and Sustainable Development Goals. A quick analysis of the NDCs and various studies indicates the enormity of the financing needs. According to Climate Invetsment Funds (CFI), Sub-Saharan Africa will require an estimated USD222 billion for climate resilience investments to reach its NDCs. One of the critical stakeholders to play a key role in meeting the financing needs of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) related targets is the private sector. There is around 98% gap in financing for CSA. Even though substantial climate finance potential exists in selected countries for the private sector, there are certain challenges and barriers like financial, policy, lack of awareness, and low provision for climate funding in the national budget.
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Mawdsley, Emma. "Development Finance and the 2030 Goals." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 51–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_3.
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AbstractIn their attempt to stimulate an exponential financing rise of “billions to trillions”, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda are helping to normalise and promote a radical shift in development finance. A growing concern is that private finance is not forthcoming, calling into question the “billions to trillions” model. In this chapter, however, I focus on the risks of “successfully” moving in this direction. The mainstream bilateral and multilateral community appear too sanguine, and even naïve, about the financial sector. Any analysis of the SDGs must be attentive to the possibilities and risks of the emerging development finance regime that they are helping to legitimate.1
Conference papers on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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Cindori, Sonja. "NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR AS A MONEY LAUNDERING BARRIER." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.133.
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The variety of professions in a scope of non-financial sector offers the possibility to operate as professional money launderers. As intermediaries, they can support money launderers in concealing the true nature or source of illegally obtained proceeds. Their role in concealing the beneficial ownership while hiding, collecting and moving illegally acquired property is becoming increasingly attractive. The attractiveness of active or passive engagement depends on the ability to act within the specificity of the profession, as well as their competencies in conducting transactions.
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Massoudi, Aram, and MOHAMED AHMED. "Evaluation of sustainable amenities management at restaurants sector in kurdistan region of iraq." In 3rd International Conference on Administrative & Financial Sciences. Cihan University - Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/afs2020/paper.201.
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Purpose – The topic of sustainability is becoming an essential and concerning issue for organizations in today's business environment. Especially in the food and restaurant industry. Sustainability emphases on satisfying the needs of the current period without conceding the capability of future consumers to meet their desires. Yet, an inclusive adoption of Sustainability is lagging in the restaurant and eatery industry in emerging market such as Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, this research focuses on the current practices of sustainable amenities in restaurants and lodging businesses in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Design – The researchers conducted unstructured interview for the data collection from (10) restaurateurs managing and working in 5 luxurious restaurants and 5 fast-food ones Methodology – The restaurants selected were categorized as luxurious restaurants and fast food restaurants, the topics of the interviews were related to energy, waste and water. The data were analyzed by using frequency Approach – the main approach in data gathering was qualitative. The interview queries were taken from related articles and divided into 3 sections: awareness plan, strategic planning, and restaurants' criteria of SAM. A content analysis method was used to identify the trend from previously published literature. Findings – The result showed that luxurious restaurants do apply sustainability in their operations, while fast-food restaurants lag behind. Originality of the research –Finally, recommendations of this study can be of help to all restaurants in Kurdistan area by introducing a proper practice of sustainability to improve and develop their businesses to meet customers' needs and gain competitive advantages ahead of their competitors.
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Sakız, Burcu. "Risk Management and Airline Sector by Using Financial Ratios - An Application." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01825.
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The growing airline transportation in the world and Turkey in recent years has increased the importance of airline passenger and cargo transportation operations and has brought intense competition in the domestic and international airlines market. Under intense competition, it is of utmost importance to capture the sustainable success of an ever-evolving and growing market by accurately assessing the financial performance and risks of businesses. In addition to the financial ratios generally used in all sectors, a number of indicators specific to the airline industry are used to assess the financial status of companies operating in the airline industry. These ratios and indicators will be calculated to compare for past periods and years, to assess risks for the future, to make forecasts, to report, to be able to see the financial status of the business concerned and to plan and make decisions in a more healthy and accurately. In this paper, after literature review, one of the most important financial risk evaluation model Altman Z’’ score is examined and an application with Turkish Airlines’ quarterly last 3 years financial data is evaluated.
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Barsukova, М., А. Suglobov, and L. Fedorova. "The causes of economic threats in the financial sector of a region." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Development of Cross-Border Regions: Economic, Social and Security Challenges (ICSDCBR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsdcbr-19.2019.5.
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Lomakin, Nikolai, Gennadiy Lukyanov, Natalya Vodopyanova, Anastasia Gontar, Elena Goncharova, and Elena Voblenko. "Neural network model of interaction between real economy sector entrepreneurship and financial field under risk." In Proceedings of the Volgograd State University International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Safe Development of the Regional Economy" (CSSDRE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-19.2019.51.
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Lyibenov, Lyubomir, Aneliya Lyubenova, and Ivaylo Hristakov. "FACTOR MARKETS IN BULGARIAN BEEKEEPING." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.163.
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The aim is to determine the size and development trends of land and labor markets in the national beekeeping. The study is focused only on them, as the size and trends of national financial markets in beekeeping are defined in another study by the authors. The urgency of the problem stems from the important role of factor markets in achieving sustainable development of beekeeping and other sectors dependent on it, given the pollination activity of bees. The study finds that the land markets in the beekeeping sector are over 0.5 BGN million/year, and the labor markets are over 77.2 BGN million/year, i.e. form joint factor markets in the Bulgarian beekeeping for over 77.7 BGN million/year. Their development trends are positive and derived from those in the beekeeping sector and other related markets - financial and others.
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Jabnidze, Nato, Leila Tsetskhladze, and Ia Meskhidze. "The role of state programs in the transformation of the agrarian sector in Ajara AR." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.54.016.
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The Georgian economy has significant potential of growth and for enhancing competitiveness. Consequently, the state periodically encourages the creation of a favourable entrepreneurial and investment climate that is also systematically affected by active globalization processes on the world market. In order to alleviate these processes, the state is modernizing the economy and infrastructure sectors, part of which is the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and its agriculture. Promoting its development is important to the extent that addressing food security and sustainable development, increasing rural well-being, and reducing economic inequality between the village and the city depends on it. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of state programs in the transformation of the agricultural sector, as we believe that minimizing state interference in the functioning of the agrarian sector cannot withstand global challenges, key financial, technical and technological support for the sector is relevant in the wake of negative external and internal economic conjuncture changes, which further aggravate food security and its financial sustainability. We believe that the development of effective mechanisms of optimizing and spending the integration of state and private resources needed for the socio-economic development of the country is still relevant today.
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Bacal, Petru, Veronica Railean, and Daniela Burduja. "Mecanismul de reglementare economică a utilizării apelor în bh RĂUT (în limitele RD Centru)." In Starea actuală a componentelor de mediu. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975315593.29.
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The scope of this study is application of economic regulation of water use in the Raut river basin (in the limits of Central Development Region from Republic of Moldova. The main objectives of studies are: 1) the analysis of the costs and tariffs of the water supply and sanitation services; 3) the cost recovery analysis of water of water use of the public water supply and sanitation systems; 3) evaluation of financial performance of water supply companies; 4) financing of water sector the area of study; 5) elaboration of recommendations for reforming of economic mechanism for sustainable use of water resources.
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Blumfelde-Rutka, Kristine. "Prospects for the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.007.
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A prominent business topic of nowadays in the context of sustainability is balanced economic management – one that contributes to economic development, environmental protection and public wellbeing. Given the positive growth potential of the European market for sustainable entrepreneurship and the improvement of Latvia's environmental sustainability in the entrepreneurship sector, it is important to find out the prospects of further development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia. The aim of the research is to define sustainability in the context of business, to identify the factors that motivate and determine the sustainability of the company and to evaluate sustainable business perspectives in Latvia. Hence, the process of business management has to provide for interaction among the company, the management and utilisation of its resources, its financial management, and the stakeholders of the buying and selling process – businesses, consumers and public authorities. In light of the above, business management can not only contribute to a sustainable product consumption but also make a positive impact upon public action and thinking. The author's research fields conclusions regarding the key factors for running a sustainable business in Latvia. Based on expert interviews, it was analysed what promotes / hampers the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia, looking into the prospects of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia. During the research it was found, that the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia is promoted by the regulatory pressure created by the European Union, as well as the growing public interest in sustainability issues created by the available information space. The development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia is hindered by the lack of interaction between public education and the regulatory system in terms of sustainability, reducing the effectiveness of motivating sustainable choices.
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Balážová, Pavla. "GREEN DESIGN AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/42.
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"Buildings represent a sector with huge energy consumption. It is necessary to reduce this consumption, therefore green buildings have become a global trend in recent years. Green Building Councils in various countries, which are members of World Green Building Council global network, develop and administer many of the world’s ratings tools. World Green Building Council was founded in 1998. There are four predominate ranking systems: LED, BREEAM, GREEN STAR and CASBEE. Slovak Green Building Council was established in November 2010. The first green building in the Slovak Republic received LEED certification in 2012. In the paper it is referred to about 17 new and in-use green buildings in Slovakia which received in period 2012-2019 LEED or BREEAM certifications. In fact, there are more green buildings in Slovakia, where there is still the huge potential in applying a green concept in the sector of existing residential buildings and the public buildings sector. There is a lack of legislative and financial support instruments for green buildings in Slovakia, which are under the consideration and do not exist in practice. The BBC 1 Plus – Offices in Bratislava, the first certified green office building in Slovakia, which received in 2012 the second-highest certification – LEED Gold, is described and analysed in details. The necessity of improving the education process in the green design and sustainable architecture of students at Faculties of Civil Engineering and Faculties of Architecture is outlined. The plans for how it is possible to achieve it are presented."
Reports on the topic "Sustainable Financial Sector"
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Gasparotto, Thatyanne, and Julia Ambrosano. Opportunities for Sustainable Infrastructure Investments at City Level in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002639.
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This policy brief was developed in order to identify preliminary green /sustainable infrastructure opportunities for cities in Brazil. The rapidly growing green bond market can help local authorities to attract new sources of capital for financing subnational infrastructure. Water and sanitation, waste to energy and urban mobility were the sectors selected for an inicial assessment, given the investment needs in Brazilian municipalities and their alignment with low carbon development and resilience. This brief was also used to raise awareness across key infrastructure stakeholders in Brazil, and build a number of market education activities in the second semester of 2018.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.