Academic literature on the topic 'Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries"
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Kowalewska, Ewa, and Marcin Burzec. "Tax Incentives for Food Donations – a General Overview." Review of European and Comparative Law 50, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.14145.
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The study analyses tax law regulations in force in Poland and in selected European Union countries which may influence attitudes of entrepreneurs (taxpayers) in taking actions aimed at preventing food waste. This analysis demonstrates that all countries investigated in this study have made attempts to develop and implement various measures to combat the problem of food waste. At the same time, it is worth noting that properly constructed tax preferences are an important factor in preventing food waste, which is part of the sustainable development strategy implemented by European Union countries. In this respect, actions must be long-term and they should be based on various legal measures. Further changes in this area will be determined by some key factors. These include the need to use tax law regulations or to determine economic and social trends. Directions of activities of the state, local government and non-governmental organizations for counteracting food waste will also set course for these changes. Achieving sustainable development also at the stage of using food already produced should be based on optimization of all related processes, and thus also financial (mainly tax) processes. Therefore, attention should be paid in particular to the tax legislation in force in Poland and in selected European Union countries, i.e. the Act on tax on goods and services and the Act on corporate income tax.
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Baber, Graeme. "Development, the European Union and the financial crisis: assessing the picture." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2015-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the developmental status of the Member States of the European Union (EU) in the wake of the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the three elements in pairs, i.e. development and the EU, development and the financial crisis, and the EU and the financial crisis, and synthesises these by answering the questions propounded in the introduction. A sustainable development index is constructed for all 28 Member States of the EU. In the next section, the association between the financial crisis and sustainable development is considered for four non-European developing countries, using correlation analysis. Following this, the construction of the EU’s regulatory framework in the wake of the financial crisis is summarised. Findings Member States who did not have the status of advanced economies on joining the EU have closed the development gap on their neighbours. Of the four non-European countries, the financial crisis is not a major factor in the sustainable development of three of them. Post-crisis legislative reforms within the EU are comprehensive. Nonetheless, a long-term perspective must be taken to effectively address the issues that underlie development, within the EU and beyond. Research limitations/implications The sustainable development index incorporates most, but not all, of the World Bank’s sustainable development goals. Countries omit to supply data to the World Bank, so figures need to be estimated. Regression analysis is avoided, because of the variable measurement problems therein. Therefore, no claims are made as to causation. All arithmetic workings are shown. Originality/value The paper integrates three concepts, which is a new research.
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Martirosyan, E. G. "Legal Regulation of the EU Common Agricultural Market." Journal of Law and Administration 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2020-2-55-89-97.
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Introduction. The article presents the analysis of legal regulation on the agricultural market of the European Union. The high growth of international economic integration, contributing to the intensification of interstate cooperation for the simplified movement of goods and services induces the harmonization of regulatory and legislative frameworks to develop uniform mechanisms of legal regulation. The diversification of agricultural exports should be considered as one of the highly promising, priority and sustainable trends of agricultural policy. EU law requirements must be taken into account by organizations engaged in foreign economic activities of food supplies. The article gives the updated analysis of the Eurasian Union regulatory framework in the sphere of agricultural products. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study comprises the universal dialectic method of scientific knowledge, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy, induction, deduction, modeling, etc.), particular scientific (logical-legal method, comparative legal method of systemic analysis, etc.). Methods of content analysis of legal documentation, allowing to study key trends in the legal regulation and policies of the European Union in relation to the agricultural market were also used.The results of the study. The conducted analysis revealed that there is a confusing situation in the European Union legislation about the agricultural market. The exceptional attitude to agriculture in the European Union legislation was widely under-mined, which led to serious consequences not only for the interpretation of agricultural provisions in EU law, but also for the legal provisions about the agricultural market in other countries. The article also analyzes the changes in legislation that pave the way for a deeper understanding of agricultural law in the European Union after the reforms introduced by the Lisbon Treaty.Discussion and conclusion. Since 1974, the European Union has developed a wide range of legislative provisions related to agriculture. Pursuant to EU treaties, animals are recognized as living creatures, and therefore the EU and Member States must take due care of animal welfare requirements preparing and implementing policies in agriculture or on the domestic market. Currently, EU legislation on the welfare of farm animals contains specific provisions for the cultivation of poultry, calves and pigs, as well as to all types of agricultural machinery and livestock slaughter. Nevertheless, there are contradictions between the EU Member States stemming from the legal regulation of the common agricultural market in the European Union.The author concludes that the EU food law is comprehensive and aimed to provide consumers with safe and high-quality products, subject to timely and comprehensive information about possible risks. Taking into account the experience of the European Union in the development and correction the relevant legislative system will significantly increase the effectiveness of the measures to increase the export potential of domestic products.
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Romppanen, Seita. "Regulating Better Biofuels for the European Union." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 21, Issue 3 (June 1, 2012): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2012010.
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Comprehensive European or global regulation on sustainable biofuels does not yet exist. In the near future, it is likely that 10 percent of the energy used for transportation in the EU will consist mostly of biofuels, the majority of which will be imported from third countries. As the EU only has legislative jurisdiction regarding its Member States, the asymmetry between the locations of feedstock, the production of biofuel and the end users creates particular legal challenges for the sustainability scheme. It is not enough that to just correct the evident deficiencies of the current scheme; the EU sustainability scheme must provide a comprehensive answer to the complex sustainability challenges. One option could be a global approach driven by the EU leadership position. This article evaluates the legal applicability of the EU sustainability scheme against the global scenario of biofuels. Indirect land-use change is explored as the culminating issue of biofuel sustainability. The article also analyses the current regulatory approach, from the view that is it adequate in terms of securing the sustainable production of biofuels, especially in relation to the notion on "global" biofuels. Combating climate change forces new environmental problems to stand out, which also creates new legal challenges. In the field of dynamic climate change law, biofuel sustainability is an apt example of this.
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Vértesy, László. "Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2018.1.9.
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This contribution deals with the macroeconomic legal trends in the Eastern member states of the European Union, so called EU11: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The paper discusses the development from the 1990s to nowadays, emphasizing the initial changes and the consolidation after the financial crisis. Therefore, the fiscal policy bears a major attention: fiscal and budgetary stability, government debts, fiscal controls (auditing and independent fiscal councils), for a more comprehensive overview, some ports of the monetary policy will be examined: national banks and price stability. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that there is any identifiable or verifiable correlation between the legislation and the macroeconomic trends: sustainable balanced budget and government debt, economic growth, inflation. The research is based on law and economics, especially law and finance methodology with quantitative analysis, because of the cross-discipline nature of the topic. The paper contains some comparative statistics to evaluate the certain results upon figures, because it is even important to match the legal provisions with the economic performance.
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Dianov, Sergey, Lyudmila Koroleva, Natalia Pokrovskaia, Natalia Victorova, and Andrey Zaytsev. "The Influence of Taxation on Income Inequality: Analysis of the Practice in the EU Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 9066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159066.
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The growing economic inequality around the world is recognized as a global problem of mankind. At the same time, the key tool for reducing inequality and ensuring the achievement of sustainable development goals is the taxation system given its distributive function. That is why this paper puts forward and proves a scientific hypothesis according to which direct taxation has a significant impact on economic inequality, with its scale and sphere depending on the level of economic development and the specific architecture of the tax system adopted in a particular country. The study relies on data from 28 European Union countries, including the United Kingdom, whose tax systems are not identical but harmonized in accordance with European Union directives, the same as the legislation in other economic sectors. Accordingly, it can be concluded that similar institutional characteristics are present. We have used the method of two-stage cluster analysis, which is meant for identifying the natural splitting of the mass of data into groups, then carried out regression analysis and built some models. The contribution of the study is revealing a number of important regularities that are significant for characterizing the dependence of income inequality on direct taxation as well as formulation recommendations for improving the tax policies of European Union countries, with the potential of policy implications. The results obtained can play a significant role in the development and further harmonization of tax systems and resolving the global problem of increased inequality within and between countries.
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Taušová, Marcela, Eva Mihaliková, Katarína Čulková, Beáta Stehlíková, Peter Tauš, Dušan Kudelas, and Ľubomír Štrba. "Recycling of Communal Waste: Current State and Future Potential for Sustainable Development in the EU." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102904.
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The constant consumption of resources exerts pressure on the environment. In this sense, waste management has obtained increasing attention from the view of a circular economy. The European Union deals with these mentioned aspects, trying maintain long-term competitiveness and to provide sustainable development in accordance with all related environmental aspects. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the production of communal waste in 36 EU countries. The main aim is to evaluate the success of countries’ efforts to decrease waste production and increase recycling rates. The methodology used for the evaluation included data collected from the publicly available database Eurostat, consequent analyses and evaluation in the statistical software JMP 13 through regression, distribution, and cluster analysis, and the interpretation of the results. The results of the cluster analysis showed that despite clear EU waste management legislation, EU member states have significantly different waste management systems at the national level. However, generally, we could see positive correlation between the generation of waste and recycling rates. Although, Malta, Austria, Greece, and Norway recorded a decreasing level of waste recycling over the last several years, some countries (Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania) had significantly lower recycling rates accompanied by low landfill taxes. The evaluation of waste production and recycling can be used for government policy in the area of waste management, as well as for individual communities dealing with communal waste.
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Nepomnyashchyy, Oleksandr, Oleksandra Marusheva, Yurii Prav, Viacheslav Shandryk, and Igor Zhebelev. "Conceptual approaches to state regulation of the construction industry: the experience of Ukraine and EU states." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 54 (August 30, 2022): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.54.06.19.
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Ensuring sustainable development of the construction industry is one of the priorities of state policy, and in conditions of socio-economic and socio-political instability the relevance of this issue is particularly exacerbated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the main conceptual approaches to the state regulation of the construction industry in Ukraine and the European Union. The study uses such methods of economic analysis as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, analogy, observation, monitoring, systematization, generalization, graphic and tabular analysis. As a result of the study it was established found that the state regulation of the construction industry consists of a complex of legislative and regulatory acts, through which the state has a regulatory influence and determines the main strategic priorities of the construction industry. Among the main problems of state regulation of the building branch weakness of institutional and legal provision, discrepancy of normative-legal and legislative acts to the norms of international and European law in the building sphere, imperfection of technical regulation of town-planning activity, process of licensing and technical supervision, and also insurance of building activity has been determined. It has been cleared out, that in European Union countries the state regulation of the building branch is more perfect and effective than in Ukraine.
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Egorova, Maria A. "Foreign experience in the implementation of “green” public procurement legal instruments." RUDN Journal of Law 26, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-2-314-328.
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The purpose of the study is to generalize the practice of legislative regulation of green public procurement in the countries of the European Union with the prospect of its application in the legal conditions of Russia. The article formulates the legal content of “green” (sustainable) public procurement. It is substantiated that green public procurement will contribute to solving environmental problems, stimulating the subjects of innovative and environmental entrepreneurship to actively support the climate agenda. The study reveals the obstacles that hinder broader engagement of the Russian contract law to raise efficiency of green public procurement in Russia. Conclusions concern normative regulation considering environmental criteria for identifying green public procurement and developing regulations for this type of procurement based on the experience of the world leaders. Normative and legal regulation of “green” procurement is necessary not only for companies, but also for the state, as it reflects national strategic priorities in the field of environmental protection, which is in line with the UN global goals of sustainable development.
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Roman, A., and Volker Mauerhofer. "Multilevel Coordination and Cooperation during Implementing Supranational Environmental Legislation: A Case Study on Invasive Alien Species." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061531.
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Coordination and cooperation are necessary topics to strengthen international environmental agreements that improve action against worldwide challenges towards sustainable development and environmental protection, such as invasive alien species (IAS). This study aims to assess to what extent national and transnational cooperation and coordination influences the implementation of a supranational regulation against IAS based on an example from the European Union (EU). Data is used from a broader study, including 47 responses to an online questionnaire and 22 interviews completed by experts from two countries (Austria and Romania), together with in depth literature. Additionally, the IAS-Regulation is analyzed from the perspective of cooperation and coordination. The terms “cooperation” and “coordination” were found within the text of the IAS-Regulation 11 and nine times respectively, whereas their context was transnational and national levels mainly, and transnational, respectively. It was further acknowledged from the majority of the answers from the survey respondents that the national coordination and cooperation is weaker than the transnational level due to the influence of the national competence distribution. Results from the interviews are separated into ‘transnational’ and ‘national’ cooperation and coordination. They show that the majority of the 47 responses indicate that the distribution of competence is one of the main influencing factors on the implementation. It is concluded that the current situation of cooperation and coordination in Austria and Romania renders it difficult for the European Commission to receive a realistic view about IAS and the implementation of the IAS Regulation in the two countries; hence, it is difficult to offer helpful support especially due to poor national cooperation. The current study can serve as a blueprint for further studies. Even in regional integration contexts beyond the EU, it can prove helpful to assess the impact of different kinds of competence distribution on the implementation of common norms. Thus, this research can path the way innovatively and serve as a comparative example for similar future studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries"
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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.
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Delechat, Aude Simonne Emilie. "Une concurrence fiscale loyale (un compte de fée?) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83950.
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Tax competition between tax sovereignties is a fact. We focus here on the international tax competition. Taxation is one of the tools of governance that States use to direct their policies. Tax authorities try to diminish the burden of their taxpayers to improve the national economic and social welfare. To aim this objective, Governments intensify the competitiveness of the domestic trade and/or attract foreign investments. Because every States share the same goal, Governments compete with each other on the tax field. This tax competition is qualified as beneficial on the one hand, and one the other hand---ever more often---the adjective used to qualify this competition would be "harmful". At first, this thesis exposes the situation of tax competition, presenting the opposing views and the concurring ones. Then, we look at the position of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development and the position of the European Union on this issue of tax competition. Historic summaries explain the point of view of these two organizations that are the leaders in the fight against the "harmful" tax competition. Finally, we give subjective ideas to re-think tax competition in a fair way.
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Van, der Walt Elizabeth Margaretha. "A comparative legal study of the dilution of registered trade marks in selected jurisdictions to further the development of the remedy in South African law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50239.
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Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Trade marks are among the most valuable commodities of the modern business world. Adequate protection for trade marks to prevent the misappropriation of their incredible marketing power is therefore important. The aim of this dissertation is to make recommendations regarding the further development of existing South African law regarding the protection of registered trade marks against dilution, particularly by the courts. Current statutory protection is examined and compared with trade-mark law in the United States and the European Union. Although the concept of dilution originated in Germany, most of its development took place in the United States, starting in 1927 with an article by Frank Schechter. Dilution occurs when the awareness that a specific mark signifies a single product from a single source changes to an unmistakable awareness that the same mark signifies various things from various sources. The primary theories as to how dilution occurs are blurring and tarnishment. Although the dilution concept is widely recognised, there is still a debate amongst legal scholars on whether trade marks deserve protection against dilution. The extent of protection that the law gives to trade marks largely depends on the socioeconomic functions that a trade mark is perceived to fulfil. The original source or origin function is protected by the traditional infringement provisions. The identification or distinguishing function, quality function and advertising function subsequently gained recognition. The advertising function is statutorily recognised in various jurisdictions, which prevents trade-mark dilution. Statutory recognition of dilution in the United States first occurred in State law from 1947 onwards. Protection is generally given to distinctive or strong trade marks where a similar mark is used on dissimilar goods in the absence of confusion in such a way that there is a likelihood that the reputation of the senior mark will be injured. The parameters of the concept were developed and refined mainly through case law. Federal protection against dilution was only introduced in 1995. The new Act, although widely welcomed, also brought some unpredictability and interpretation problems. The first statutory dilution protection for trade marks in Europe is found in the Uniform Benelux Trade Marks Act. In 1989 the European Union adopted the Trademark Directive, with the aim of harmonising the legal protection afforded to trade marks. Its "dilution" provisions were incorporated into the United Kingdom's Trade Marks Act of 1994. The sometimes conflicting interpretations of these provisions by the English courts and the Court of Justice of the European Communities are discussed. The South African Act shows a substantial degree of harmony with legislation in the United Kingdom and other European countries. Aspects of the wording of the dilution provisions are however open to interpretation by the courts. Until the end of 2003 there was only one major trade-mark dilution case decided by a South African court, namely SAR v Laugh It OjJPromotions, which is discussed in detail. The dissertation concludes with recommendations to aid South African courts in the future interpretation and application of the dilution provisions. Amendments to the legislation are also proposed to promote greater clarity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Handelsmerke is van die waardevolste kommoditeite van die moderne besigheidswêreld. Voldoende beskerming om die uitbuiting van handelsmerke se ongelooflike bemarkingskrag te verhoed, is daarom belangrik. Die oogmerk van die proefskrif is om aanbevelings te maak vir die verdure ontwikkeling van bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse reg oor die beskerming van geregistreerde handelsmerke teen verwatering, veral deur die howe. Die bestaande statutêre beskerming word ondersoek en vergelyk met die reg op handelsmerke in the Verenigde State en die Europese Unie. Alhoewel die verwateringskonsep sy oorsprong in Duitsland het, is die konsep hoofsaaklik in die Verenigde State ontwikkel, beginnende in 1927 met 'n artikel deur Frank Schechter. Verwatering vind plaas wanneer die bewustheid dat 'n spesifieke merk 'n enkele produk vanuit 'n enkele bron aandui verander na 'n onmiskenbare bewustheid dat dieselfde merk verskillende dinge vanuit verskillende bronne aandui. Die primêre verskyningsvorme van verwatering is vertroebeling en besoedeling. Alhoewel die verwateringskonsep wye erkenning geniet, is daar steeds 'n debat onder regsgeleerdes oor die verdienstelikheid van die beskerming teen verwatering. Die mate van beskerming wat die reg aan handelsmerke verleen, hang grootliks af van wat gesien word as die sosio-ekonomiese funksies van 'n handelsmerk. Die aanvanklike oorsprongsfunksie word beskerm deur die tradisionele bepalings rakende inbreukmaking. Die identifiserings- of onderskeidingsfunksie, die kwaliteitsfunksie en die reklamefunksie het later erkenning gekry. Die reklamefunksie word in verskillende jursidiksies statutêr erken, wat die verwatering van handelsmerke verhoed. In die Verenigde State het die eerste statutêre erkenning vir verwatering sedert 1947 in die wetgewing van State plaasgevind. Beskerming is normaalweg gegee aan sterk handelsmerke of handelsmerke wat kan onderskei in gevalle waar 'n soortgelyke merk gebruik is op ongelyksoortige goedere in die afwesigheid van verwarring op so 'n wyse dat die waarskynlikheid bestaan dat die reputasie van die senior merk aangetas kan word. Die maatstawwe van die konsep is hoofsaaklik ontwikkel en verfyn in hofsake. Federale beskerming teen verwatering is eers in 1995 ingestel. Alhoewel dié nuwe wetgewing wyd verwelkom is, het dit ook onvoorspelbaarheid en interpretasieproblerne voortgebring. Die "Uniform Benelux Trade Marks Act" het die eerste statutêre beskerming teen die verwatering van handelsmerke in Europa gebied. Die "Trademark Directive" is in 1989 deur die Europese Unie aanvaar met die doelom die wetlike beskerming van handelsmerke the harmonieer. Die "verwaterings"bepalings is geïnkorporeer in die Verenigde Koninkryk se "Trade Marks Act" van 1994. Soms botsende interpretasies hiervan is deur die Engelse howe en die Geregshofvan die Europese Unie gegee. Die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing toon 'n groot mate van ooreenstemming met wetgewing in the Verenigde Koninkryk en ander Europese lande. Aspekte van die bewoording van die verwateringsbepalings is oop vir interpretasie deur die howe. Tot en met die einde van 2003 was daar slegs een belangrike saak oor handelsmerkverwatering wat deur 'n Suid-Afrikaanse hof beslis is, naamlik SAB v Laugh It Off Promotions. Dit word in detail bespreek. Aanbevelings om die Suid-Afrikaanse howe in die toekoms te help met die interpretasie en aanwending van die verwateringsbepalings, word in die finale hoofstuk gemaak. Veranderinge aan die wetgewing word ook voorgestel, om groter duidelikheid te bereik.
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DE, ANDRADE CORRÊA Fabiano. "The implementation of sustainable development in regional trade agreements : a case study on the European Union and MERCOSUR." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/28034.
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Defence date: 5 June 2013Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (Supervisor) Professor Ernst Ulrich Petersmann, European University Institute Professor Markus Gehring, University of Cambridge, England Professor Adriana Dreyzin de Klor, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
First made available online 12 June 2019
This thesis addresses the implementation of sustainable development in the legal frameworks of regional integration agreements (RIAs). Sustainable development is reaffirmed as one of the main priorities of the international community, while poverty eradication and the integration of socio-environmental concerns into all governance levels remain the most pressing challenges to its implementation. Furthermore, the role of law is considered fundamental for sustainable development, but there remains a lack of analysis of how legal frameworks are effectively advancing this objective. In this regard, the thesis focuses on the laws and policies of two of the most important RIAs in force, the European Union and MERCOSUR, with a twofold objective: 1) to analyze how RIAs can provide enabling legal frameworks for the promotion of sustainable development, going beyond trade liberalization and serving as a building block between multilateral goals and their implementation at the national level; 2) to provide case studies of norms and policies developed at the regional level addressing a) poverty eradication and social justice within their internal spheres; b) trade policies and instruments that more effectively integrate socioenvironmental objectives. The research undertaken has also a comparative element that enables the consideration of whether the EU, a more developed regional organization, can provide lessons to MERCOSUR in advancing these specific issues. The conclusions show that RIAs' legal frameworks can facilitate effective translation of sustainable development goals into concrete norms and policies, bridging the divide between a multilateral system of standard setting with low implementation power, and national states with weakened capacity to deal independently with these issues. The RIAs studied have been developing procedural innovations such as 'impact assessment' instruments, and substantive innovations, such as regional development funds aimed at promoting social cohesion internally, and trade instruments that integrate development concerns in their external relations, such as preferential trade systems (GSP) linked to socio-environmental issues and trade agreements that include 'trade and sustainable development' chapters. It also provides evidence that, despite their institutional differences, the development of sustainable development laws and policies within the EU has followed a path that can provide valuable insights for MERCOSUR. Finally, the thesis argues that, despite the tensions that might arise between the implementation of these regional measures and the multilateral trade system rules, regional action might be a way to cope with the difficulty of reaching a global agreement while also reflecting more adequately local concerns. The challenge is to assure coherence and consistency with the international goals, but given the importance of promoting a more sustainable development process, this a task worth pursuing.
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MAKARA, Kamila. "The development of patients' rights in cross-border health care and its impact on the member states of the European Union." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25201.
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Examining Board: Professor Marie-Ange Moreau, Lumière University Lyon 2, (EUI Supervisor); Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute; Professor Achim Seifert, University of Jena; Professor Łukasz Pisarczyk, University of Warsaw.Defence date: 17 November 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The impact of the EU law on patients' rights in cross-border health care on national health care systems was subject to many fervent debates among European academics. For all the rhetoric of that debate, beneath it lies an attempt to delimit the boundaries of EU competences. These were determined by the Court’s interpretation of the Treaties. However, the recent development of patients' rights has escaped the boundaries of this interpretation and broadened the influence of patients' free movement rights into social fields. The primary concern is to answer the question about the cause which brought the Member States to give up their sovereignty for the sake of the internal market and about the effects of these sacrifices for the EU, the States and European citizens respectively. The detailed analysis of the development of EU law on cross-border health care proves that this system was an inescapable result of the decisions taken decades ago. Furthermore, by examining the different definitions and meanings of the European Social Model, the argument is explored that EU law on patients' rights, in its present form, can be considered to be not only a factor enriching the European Social Model but also an actual part of it. A new type of solidarity among the Member States and the citizens of the European Union exists, namely functional solidarity. The subject of cross-border health care has been analysed by academics in all possible ways. However, the points of view of the countries that only recently joined the Union are different to the points of view of the states that participated in the creation of the cross-border health care system. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the debate by placing focus on the fact that there is a very important difference between the effects caused by the development of the cross-border health care systems in "Old” and "New” Member States. The thesis will describe the impact of EU law on cross-border health care in the national systems and the opposition raised against it. The objective of this work is specific. It aims to underline the difference in the impact of cross-border health care on "Old” and "New” Member States, as well as the different interests of these two groups of states in relation to EU health care policy. The intention is not only to give an empirical impression of the impact of European integration on the set-up of healthcare states, but also to explore the different tensions caused by the cross-border health care system and the different expectations of it. An attempt will be made to prove that the relation between the EU law and the national health care systems was built on two-way influence. Not only did the Member States alter their health care systems to accommodate the rules of the internal market, but that the system of co-ordination of social security also had to be adapted in order to fit the multiple national systems.
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VAN, DER VELDE Sandrine. "The development of the EU right to family reunification in the context of international human rights protection." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4812.
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Defence date: 18 July 2003Examining board: Prof. Gráinne de Búrca, Supervisor ; Prof. Elspeth Guild ; Prof. Steve Peers ; Prof. Bruno de Witte
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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WADDINGTON, Lisa. "More disabled than others : the employment of disabled people within the European Community an analysis of existing measures and proposals for the development of an EC policy." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4820.
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Defence date: 6 December 1993Examining Board: Prof. Erian Bercusson, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Dr. Lammy Betten, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht ; Prof. Ad Geers, Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; Prof. Yota Kravaritou-Manitakis, European University Institute ; Dr. Christopher McCrudden, Lincoln College, Oxford
First made available online on 26 January 2017.
To be a disabled citizen of the European Community at the present time means to be disadvantaged. Naturally the degree of that disadvantage varies between individuals, even between individuals with similar impairments, but its discriminatory nature does not. The disadvantage stems primarily from the institutionalised forms of discrimination which people with impairments are forced to confront every day of their lives. These involve physical (architectural) barriers, assumptions of inferiority, inflexible structures and organisations, and the very conception of "normality”. This discrimination touches every aspect of life - education, relationships, social activities, housing and employment, and marginalises some ten per cent of the Community’s population, i.e. no less than 33 million people. Up until now the adoption and implementation of measures to improve the quality of life available to disabled people and to promote their integration has been regarded as largely the prerogative of Member States. This approach can no longer be regarded as satisfactory in a period when the Community is increasingly coming to exert an influence over many of the areas which directly affect or influence the life of its disabled citizens: the establishment of the internal market, harmonisation of standards and goods, free movement of persons, vocational training and the mutual recognition of diplomas to mention but a few. It is the argument of this thesis that Community intervention, which respects the principle of subsidiarity, is now called for in certain fields of disability policy. The most obvious area for such intervention, given the primarily economic nature of the original EEC Treaty and much of the subsequent Community legislation, is the employment of disabled people - although it must be recognised that the desired economic integration cannot occur without complementary measures to promote social integration. The focus of this thesis shall therefore be the need, scope and possible content of a European Community policy to promote the employment of people with disabilities.
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LUNDQVIST, Björn. "Joint research and development and patent pools under the antitrust laws of the USA and the competition rules of the European Union." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14524.
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Defence Date: 10 May 2010Examining Board: Professor Hanns Ullrich, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Steven Anderman, University of Essex; Professor Gustavo Ghidini, Luiss Guido Carli University; Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Great prosperity is derived from innovation, which in turn prospers in an environment with a large public domain of free knowledge, property rights and unfettered competition. Generally, this was the basic theory for prosperity under the antitrust laws with reference to joint R&D, technology transfer and technology standardization in the US and Europe for many years. This perspective was slowly abandoned in the 1980s and 1990s, replaced by a belief that the greatest wealth was derived from innovators having large resources to perform R&D, the ability to cooperate with competitors and the possibility of jointly protect and exploit newly discovered knowledge through intellectual property rights, technology standardization agreements and joint licensing schemes. The antitrust policies on both sides of the Atlantic have closely and swiftly been adapted to mirror this change of theory. The thesis illustrates this transformation by analyzing the modifications and amendments made to legal acts and guidelines, and the slow shift in the scant case-law detected both under the antitrust laws of the USA and the Competition Rules of the EU. The thesis shows that the prevailing antitrust policies towards R&D collaborations, technology standardization agreements and patent pools are very similar in the US and EU and they both mirror a lenient or even supportive attitude towards collaboration between competitors in reference to creating innovation.
Books on the topic "Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries"
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1958-, Revesz Richard L., Sands Philippe 1960-, and Stewart Richard B, eds. Environmental law, the economy, and sustainable development: The United States, the European Union, and the international community. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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Sustainability in European transport policy. London: Routledge, 2011.
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Water law and policy: Governance without frontiers. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Andrew, Evans. The E.U. structural funds. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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European, Commission Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African Caribbean and Pacific States. Partnership agreement ACP-EC: Signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000, revised in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005. 2nd ed. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007.
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Europe, United States Congress Commission on Security and Cooperation in. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, the countries of Central Asia, problems in the transition to independence and the implications for the United States, March 25, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Europe, United States Congress Commission on Security and Cooperation in. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, the countries of Central Asia, problems in the transition to independence and the implications for the United States, March 25, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Humphreys, Matthew. Sustainable Development in the European Union: A General Principle. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Sustainable Development in the European Union: A General Principle. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Humphreys, Matthew. Sustainable Development in the European Union: A General Principle. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries"
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Malacka, Michal. "Sharia – Conflict of Law and Culture in the European Context." In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 54–80. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-3.
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Sharia and its conflict with the private law within the EU is one of the most current problems in the conflict of laws. In accordance with the doctrine of ordre public, a foreign law that is otherwise applicable is disregarded if its application would violate some fundamental interest, basic policy, general principle of justice, or prevailing concept of good morals in the forum state. This doctrine is used and followed by judicial procedures not only at “the old continent” but also in Islamic countries. This article shows the basic aspects of Sharia, Islamic legal tradition and the reflection of all the connected aspects in European Union private law and legislation. Some selected chapters analyse the most important differences in the legislation and judicial practice in the EU member states.
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"Environmental Law Principles in the European Union Legislation Governing Offshore Oil and Gas Operations." In Sustainable Development and the Law of the Sea, 99–117. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004332133_007.
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Bugarski, Tatjana. "Serbia: Criminal Law of the Republic of Serbia." In Criminal Legal Studies : European Challenges and Central European Responses in the Criminal Science of the 21st Century, 157–204. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.evcs.cls_6.
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The criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia has a legal tradition of nearly a century. Moving through its development, today, it is at the level of modern criminal justice systems, which is largely in line with generally accepted international legal standards that ensure effective legislation while protecting and ensuring basic human rights. Intensive reforms of criminal legislation in the Repub- lic of Serbia started at the beginning of the 21st century. Although legislative interventions in the field of criminal law have been highly intensive both quantitatively and qualitatively over the last two decades, it must be stated that the same trend is noticeable in other European countries, even those that traditionally have stable criminal legislation. The development of criminal legislation is, on the one hand, conditioned by the harmonization of criminal legislation with the law and standards of the European Union, while, on the other hand, the legislature is guided by other reasons because regardless of how much one strives for stable criminal legislation, one cannot deny the dynamic character of crime, the intensity of which is accompanied by social, political, economic, and other changes that have accelerated in the modern world. The paper presents an overview of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia regarding the following issues: a brief history of its development, the primary legal sources, relevant institutions, and a comparison with relevant EU documents and key international trends.
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Sharp, Robin J. A., Julie A. Ewald, and Robert Kenward. "Central Information Flows and Decision-Making Requirements." In Transactional Environmental Support System Design, 7–32. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2824-3.ch002.
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Information needs of government for SEA, EIA, and other aspects of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development are studied and reported in this chapter. This includes needs related to biodiversity for land use planning, for operation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, for agricultural policy more generally, and for Biodiversity Action Plans. Legislation and its implementation are considered at European Union and member state level by direct enquiries and a preliminary questionnaire survey in project partner countries. Preliminary conclusions are drawn and lessons learned for a Pan-European survey.
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Júnior, Hermes de Andrade. "Reverse Logistics and Solid Waste." In Handbook of Research on Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Development, 282–304. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5757-9.ch015.
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This chapter promotes a selection of works collected that seek to analyze the need and the evolution of reverse logistics into the context of the National Policy on Solid Waste in Brazil. Nineteen years of intensive discussion have been held until the legal framework for the implementation of Agenda 21 of 1992 on the environmentally sound management of solid waste could be announced. The principle of shared responsibility for the product lifecycle, which reaches manufacturers, importers, distributors and traders, consumers, and holders of public solid waste management services, is the central theme of the law and undoubtedly innovates on the issue, placing Brazil alongside countries such as those of the European Union and Japan. However, a serious problem that distances them is to achieve large population densities with the benefit of municipalization of the process of control of urban waste. The rate of effective management of solid wastes is relatively low at the municipal level compared to the countries mentioned.
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Kugler, Kholofelo, and Mulualem Getachew Adgeh. "Africa and Trade and Investment Liberalization." In The Oxford Handbook of International Trade Law (2e), 395—C15.N*. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192868381.013.16.
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Abstract African trade and investment relations have been shaped by external partners and institutions, as well as Africa’s own aspiration for European Union-style regional economic integration. The continent’s economic trajectory has been mainly underpinned by economic liberalization. However, African countries have generally conservatively followed mainstream trade models, rules, and institutions, while being more activist and innovative in investment rulemaking for sustainable development. Unlike investor disputes, African countries also have limited experience in international trade disputes within their regional economic communities and at the World Trade Organization. The African Continental Free Trade Agreement offers African countries an opportunity to forge an ambitious and robust continental economic regime and to facilitate African economies’ industrialization. While progress has been steady in recent years, the fate of Africa’s economic integration within the continent and into the global economy largely hinges on the successful implementation of this agreement.
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Lohvyn, Andrii. "ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF RESOLVING TAX DISPUTES IN UKRAINE: POSSIBLE WAYS OF IMPLEMENTATION." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-25.
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Legal disputes are inseparable part of the life of society. The task of the state is to create conditions for resolving disputes and to defend the rights and interests of citizens that are protected by law. Legal relationships are undoubtedly the sphere of potential disputes. The search for alternative and effective procedures of resolving such disputes is an important issue. At the same time, the main legal issue of the tax sphere is mainly to define and effectively ensure the limits of freedom and necessity in the behavior of taxpayers through the relevant legal, legislative norms, protection of property rights of individual taxpayers and the interests of society. Alternative Dispute Resolution або ADR include mediation, which gained broad recognition all over the world, including the European Union, which is postulated at the legislative level. It is often used, which makes it possible to prevent the negative consequences for the dispute parties as early as at the initial stage and avoid the expensive and lengthy trial. It gained recognition in resolving a wide range of disputes and arguments, beginning with the disputes in local communities and finishing with complex multi-lateral disputes in the commercial and public spheres. In many countries it is legislatively stipulated. Today, the institution of the alternative dispute resolution in the modified form is partially present in the Ukrainian legislation and in practice, at the same time, it is difficult to call the sphere of the alternative methods of dispute resolution well-developed. In this case, the lawyers and scientists discuss a wide implementation of the alternative ways, including mediation, virtually in all branches of law. The article, taking into account the practice of using alternative dispute resolution in other countries (international experience), identifies the possibility of using them in Ukraine as a separate permanent institution of pre-trial dispute resolution in the field of tax relations (the result of application of which can be achievement of reconciliation and/or tax compromise), which is directed at the improvement of tax administration. The concept of the tax compromise was also formulated and scientifically substantiated conclusions in the stated area were made.
Conference papers on the topic "Sustainable development – Law and legislation – European Union countries"
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Silovs, Mihails, and Olga Dmitrijeva. "Differences in fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale technical regulations in Eurasian Economic Union and legislation and practice of the European Union." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.052.
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The mandatory requirements for the fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale in force in the territory of the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union (CU EAEU) arise from the regulatory and legal acts of the Eurasian Economic Union and its predecessor - the Customs Union - and apply in a package approach similar to the law of the European Union pertaining to the food safety area. The requirements of the EAEU technical regulations have been analysed taking into account that European exporting enterprises are first of all obliged to comply with the requirements of the listed EU regulatory and legal acts applicable to their production process and products. The aim of this paper was to run a comparative analysis on the mandatory requirements of the food legislation of the European and Customs Unions regarding fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale. The issues of certification of certain product categories are analysed separately, the requirements for canned fish being highlighted. The analysis is relevant for all fish processing companies which may consider the possibility of starting export to the countries of the CU EAEU and are intended to reduce costs associated with products’ entry into these markets.
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Popa, Luminita. ""ELECTRONIC SHEET OF PRACTICE" USED IN ROMANIAN STUDENTS' INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-072.
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Practice in Romania universities is regulated by the Education Law, which stipulates the students' obligation to perform it. In the case of students' specialty professional practice at economic agents, the Labor Code has also provisions that apply to them. The Labor Code is completed by the other provisions of labor legislation in Romania, in harmony with EU norms and rules of international labor law. The orders of the Ministry of Education on professional practice stipulates that conducting internship in university programs is developed under the Framework Convention between the organizer of practice (university), practice partner (economic agent) and practitioner (student). The Electronic Sheet of Practice (ESP) requires also three different perspectives for student practitioner, faculty member (practice mentor) and economic agent. Using Electronic Sheet of Practic instrument, faculty members practice mentors can post their programs including students' practice results. The existence of such assessment tools and their use in accordance with the law governing the practice of students ensure professional assessment and uniformity of training, fostering their careers accessibility. Such tools, appropriate to each stage of specialty practice development, could be judiciously organized in the European Union countries. The need for such tools, which represent a support unit for the specialty practical training of students, is felt during this period in Romania, which, as its membership of the European Union, must find solutions to meet both commitments and to resolve social problems they face. The educational activities and products of the project, are evaluated favourably by the students who intend to continue their implementation, including in new projects development of the some aspects of the project developed.
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Marinova, Bisserka. "LEGAL MODELS AND PROBLEMS IN PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN BULGARIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s23.097.
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This paper provides a detailed picture of the existing legislation of agricultural land use by entities who do not own it in Bulgaria and makes specific suggestions to improve it, aiming at creating a legislative framework enhancing productivity and sustainability. The study is briefly considering the historical and economic factors for the development of the case law in line with the legal framework in thiscontext. Attention is also paid to the goals of the European Union (EU) to provide properconditions for technologicalization of agricultural production, investment in irrigation and other equipment, obtaining external financing, alongside with ensuring profitable sale of production. Undisputedly there is a need to strike a balance between the interests of private land owners and the broader public, by creating a legal basis (through legal and administrative measures) governing the actual use and cultivation of agricultural land.The paper further examines and discusses a number of on-going issues, i.e. the legal status of existing agricultural cooperatives; the consolidation of agricultural land by creating land use plots;the so called �white spots� of undeclared land; the options of leasehold versus renting of agricultural landand its legal framework. The conclusion contains a general analysis of the proposals for changes in the regulatory environmentin the observed area to achieve more efficient and sustainable use of agricultural land. The contribution of the report is to show the variety of models of land use in agriculture and their differences, analyzing the actual legal framework and giving concrete proposals for improving it. Comparative method, synthesis and analysis are used while inspecting the area of research.