Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sustainable and healthy diets'
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Wickramasinghe, Kremlin. "Quantifying the impact of policies addressing sustainable and healthy diets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711872.
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De, Ruiter Heine-Richard. "The implications of achieving healthy and environmentally sustainable diets for future land use in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=233445.
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The concept of sustainable diets has received increasing attention as it is recognised that several global challenges, such as malnutrition and mitigating pressures on global land resources, might be tackled together through changes in diets. This thesis has used the UK as a case study to analyse the implications of achieving healthy and environmentally sustainable diets for future land use. This thesis shows the total agricultural footprint of UK's food supply has decreased slightly over the last decades due to a lower ruminant livestock product supply. However, the total cropland footprint and its associated greenhouse gas emissions have increased, and these impacts are increasingly displaced overseas. Land use efficiency of the food supply was evaluated by combining agricultural and nutritional data. While a focus on calories and protein reflects favourably on cereals and oil crops, assessing a wider range of nutrients shows that roots & tubers and vegetables are important to “feed the UK” efficiently. Reducing land use associated with UK's food supply is possible while still meeting dietary requirements and this generally also lowers greenhouse gas emissions. Discretionary foods, such as coffee, tea and wine, and animal products should be reduced for a lower impact, but trade-offs were also identified. Four insights relevant for the wider literature were identified: a) the complexity of international trade complicates the assessment of sustainability due to difficulties linking production and consumption, b) there are different types of agricultural land, each with their own opportunity costs, c) new metrics for agricultural yield are needed, moving from “tonnes per hectare” to “people fed per hectare”, and d) the trade-offs between different environmental indicators are important. With an uncertain policy environment and a lack of willing among the population to make significant changes in their diets, the future of UK land use and diets is unclear.
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Trapani, Isabella. "Putting Food onto the Urban Agenda: How the City of Cape Town can increase access to sustainable and healthy diets through urban food governance." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33655.
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Rapid population growth, rising urbanisation, globalisation and technological progress have fundamentally changed how we produce and consume food. The majority of urban diets are now dominated by low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of highly processed, energy-dense and nutritionally poor foods. In Cape Town, South Africa, the impacts of this nutritional transition manifest themselves not only with hunger and undernutrition but also with overnutrition. Due to structural barriers in cities limiting access to healthy food, the urban poor are disproportionally affected by nutrition-related diseases. In addition to the impacts on human health, modern dietary patterns and food production significantly contribute to climate change, land-use change, deforestation and biodiversity loss, all of which threaten food and nutrition security. Considering these severe impacts on planetary health, urgent action enabling access to sustainable and healthy diets becomes imperative on both global and local scales. Local governments are at the forefront of the urban food challenge and can intervene through urban food governance; however, in South Africa, the food mandate is held by the national and provincial governments. This study reveals the strategic role the City of Cape Town can play when leveraging its constitutional powers, especially through mainstreaming food considerations into all municipal policies and processes, sustainable and healthy public procurement, regulating the private sector and supporting informal trade, encouraging sustainable local small-scale production of healthy food and the establishment of food gardens, expanding the local market structure, as well as through providing nutrition education. This research finds that despite the absence of an urban food mandate, there is great momentum for food to become a priority in the City of Cape Town. Remaining institutional challenges such as the lack of understanding of food security and the food system, political will, funding, capacity, and policy coherence must be overcome to tackle the urban food challenge. Multi-stakeholder collaboration was identified as a key element of effective urban food governance and should therefore be strengthened.
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Melim, Ema Margarida Gonçalves. "Achieving a planetary health diet: red meat and legumes availability in Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8520.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoAims: The global food system has strong implications in the depletion of natural resources, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To face the current challenges, a planetary health diet was recently proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, serving as a guide to the implementation of diets aligned with the environmental boundaries of the planet. The aim of this paper is to compare the planetary health diet recommendations with the current consumption of legumes and red meat in Portugal, exploring different policy strategies that promote healthy and environmentally sustainable eating patterns in the country. Methods: Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Food Balance Sheets regarding legumes and red meat supply was used, as well as Statistics Portugal data for production and consumption of red meat, and National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey concerning consumption of both legumes and red meat. Results: The national consumption of red meat is four times above (68g/day) the recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet while legumes consumption is three times below (24g/day) what is recommended, reflecting a nutritional transition to a westernized food pattern, both unhealthy and unsustainable. Conclusions: Integrated policies that promote increased information and awareness regarding sustainable diets and effective changes in the food environment that facilitate sustainable food choices by consumers are essential to support a dietary shift in the country towards plant-based diets aligned with the planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals.
Objetivos: O sistema alimentar global tem fortes implicações na degradação ambiental do planeta e alterações climáticas. Recentemente, foi proposta uma dieta de saúde planetária pela EAT-Lancet Commission que serve de referência para a promoção de padrões alimentares alinhados com os limites ambientais do planeta. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o consumo de leguminosas e de carne vermelha em Portugal no âmbito da recente referência planetária, explorando possíveis estratégias políticas que promovam a transição para uma alimentação ambientalmente mais sustentável no país. Metodologias: Foram utilizados dados das Balanças Alimentares da Food and Agriculture Organization relativos à disponibilidade de leguminosas e carne vermelha, dados estatísticos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística sobre produção e consumo de carne vermelha, e dados do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física relativamente ao consumo de leguminosas e carne vermelha. Resultados: O consumo nacional de carne vermelha encontra-se aproximadamente quatro vezes acima (68g/d) das recomendações para uma dieta de saúde planetária enquanto que o consumo de leguminosas se encontra três vezes abaixo (24g/d) do recomendado, refletindo uma transição nutricional para um padrão alimentar mais ocidentalizado, pouco saudável e insustentável. Conclusões: Políticas integradas que promovam a informação e a sensibilização para uma alimentação sustentável e a modificação do ambiente alimentar que facilite escolhas mais sustentáveis pelos consumidores são essenciais para que o padrão alimentar em Portugal se aproxime da dieta planetária, contribuindo ainda para os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e alterações climáticas.
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Wyatt, Melissa Ann. "Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educators' Perceptions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560838.
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Background As the world population grows to 9.1 billion people, there is a need to feed all of these people. Agriculture will need to produce more food to feed the world. Agriculture is pressured by climate change with droughts and changes in seasonal patterns and needs to adapt to these changes. For nutritionists, there is a need to address non-communicable chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. These diseases are highly problematic in the developed parts of the world. Additionally, addressing food security is also an issue as part of the world, a large portion of developing countries, experience hunger and diseases related to not having adequate nutritious foods. Sustainable diets are working to address the issues mentioned above. This idea of having a sustainable diet is not new and dates back to a 1986 commentary by Gussow and Clancy. However, it was later in 2010, that a definition was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This general definition has provided research with a focus on what a sustainable diet is and which food groups are parts of a sustainable diet. Purpose The purpose of this study was to learn about the current knowledge of sustainable diets through conducting a search of peer-reviewed literature about what sustainable diets are and what foods are included. Finally, this study assessed what nutrition educators know about and what their perceptions are of sustainable diets. Methods A literature search was conducted using several databases, including PubMed and EBSCO Host, yielding a few thousand results. After reviewing the literature, questions were developed for a focus group (n=8 participants), interviews (n=9 participants), and a short survey (n=54 participants). The project participants were from the University of Arizona’s Department of Nutritional Sciences, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Education Program (SNAP-Ed) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Participants were asked to participate in one of the session: focus group, interview, or short survey. Results Participants from the focus group and interviews indicated that there was potential for people to be healthy by participating in sustainable diet activities. There also was concern about cost of sustainable diets. Sustainable diets need to be culturally acceptable to get consumers to practice them. Finally, eating seasonally was important component of a sustainable diet. If nutrition educators were asked to teach sustainable diets to others many felt they need more information or resources on sustainable diets or need to research the topic. Participants in the short surveys indicated concerns about costs, nutritional adequacy and showed mixed results when asked about what foods would be part of a sustainable diet. Educators who took the survey also showed great interest in having more education to learn about sustainable diets. Conclusions Nutrition educators have concerns about sustainable diets, such as being nutritionally adequate and affordable to all people. Educators in the focus group and interviews showed that there is potential for people to be healthy by following sustainable dietary practices, like gardening. However, there seemed to be a need for more education on sustainable diets. Nutrition educators have limited knowledge of sustainable diets. Some have an idea of what sustainable diets are, while others have stated that they have not heard of sustainable diets. Nutrition educators surveyed show a great interest in attending a seminar, if offered, on this topic. In summary, sustainable diets are gaining attention of nutrition educators, especially if sustainability and food become part of the new dietary guidelines. A need for providing sustainable diet education to nutrition educators will be part of the future. Further research on knowledge of nutrition educators on different components of sustainable diets and development of an educational curriculum is necessary.
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Quarmby, Terence. "Safe, healthy and sustainable demolition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9029.
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The £198M demolition industry sector is part of the construction industry, worth approximately £2.2bn in the UK p.a albeit such a small fraction it is nevertheless the largest provider of secondary building products, handles 32 million tonnes (approximately) of waste each year and is principally responsible for clearing brownfield sites in readiness for new build. Sustainable demolition activities are at the forefront of the UK Government and many NGO s policies on waste reduction, increased recycling and reclamation of waste building products at the end of life cycle. However, there are problems in developing more sustainable demolition processes based on historical methods of working, in particular, those involving manual handling activities. Whilst the UK construction industry boasts reduced accident and incident rates the demolition sectors rates are in the ascendency, rising by 43% overall from 1996 to 2009. That said, it would appear that those working within the sector are unaware of the rise in accidents which has steadily increased by 100% since 2000. Despite the demolition sector s increased use of mechanical applications for structural demolition, the prolonged and prolific method of stripping out buildings by hand remains a major risk and causal factor for injuries. The results of this research have identified the causation of such an increase in accident occurrence and has offered an insight into how the reduction of accident and incident may be accomplished. This research is unique in that practising exponents of the demolition sector have participated in providing exclusive evidence of methodology, accident reporting and waste handling protocols that give clear indications of a gulf in current thinking by government, NGO s and the enforcing authorities. The research has also identified failings in product and building design that create unsustainable conditions for safe, efficient and cost effective demolition, dismantling and handling of materials at end of life. This realisation also opens up the debate on the role of designers and their contribution to a safe and sustainable demolition process.
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Ede, James, Sophia Graine, and Chris Rhodes. "Moving Towards Sustainable Food Consumption : Identifying Barriers to Sustainable Student Diets." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3354.
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Adopting more sustainable consumption habits has been identified as a necessary step in the progression towards a sustainable society. In the area of sustainable consumption, personal food behaviour represents a strong leverage point. University students have been identified as a strategic audience; habits established during this transformative period can track forward into later life. This study seeks to identify the barriers inhibiting students from eating more sustainably. Perceived benefits of eating more sustainably, student food preferences, and student definitions of sustainable food are also identified. Focus groups, surveys, and interviews were carried out at universities in Europe, North America and Australia. Results show that perceived cost of sustainable food and a lack of knowledge, time and availability were ubiquitous barriers preventing students from adopting more sustainable eating habits. In addition to gathering the perceptions of others, the authors’ understanding of the challenges and benefits of eating more sustainably was augmented by a month-long self-study. Results from the self-study show that it is feasible to eat more sustainably without incurring additional costs. Recommendations informed by the focus groups, surveys, interviews and self-study are made to help students overcome the barriers to eating more sustainably.
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Ibrahim, Sami Balla. "Modified poultry diets : an approach to sustainable animal production." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25070.pdf.
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Fink, Leonie Linda Fink [Verfasser], and Angelika [Akademischer Betreuer] Ploeger. "Sustainable diets : Studies on German consumers' intention-behavior gap." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122556767X/34.
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Tulloch, Inga Anne. "The anti-proteinuric effects of unsaturated fatty acid diets in healthy rats." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295329.
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Venaut, Héloïse. "Environmental impacts of sustainable diets in Sweden: a systematic review." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157974.
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The production and consumption of food, throughout the whole supply chain, have negative and large impacts on the environment (Tukker et al., 2006). Environmental impacts could be reduced using sustainable diets, such as the vegetarian or the vegan diets (Baroni et al., 2006). In Sweden, in addition to these two diets, the New Nordic Diet and the Nordic Nutritional Recommendation are diets for Nordic countries that can be considered as sustainable (Saxe et al., 2012). Sustainable diets are seldom adopted by the Swedish population, even if they could considerably reduce negative impacts on the environment (Stehfest et al., 2009; Marlow et al., 2009). Depending on diets composition and type of products eaten, each diet might not reduce to the same degree environmental impacts compared to the others. The research will try to answer the question: How much environmental impacts can be reduced by different sustainable diets in Sweden?
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Pagani, Marco <1960>. "From fossil to sustainable diets: an assessment of farming energy footprint." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6985/.
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The dependence of industrial agricolture on fossil fuels has been assessed in two comparative case studies between Italy (Emilia-Romagna and Piemonte)and Missouri.
The first is related to dairy farming; 15 different farms were surveyed, divided into three different groups: grain based, pasture based and organic.
The second is devoted to rice cropping; 12 holdings were examined divided into two groups: conventional and organic.
Energy footprint was determined for structures, machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, electricity, feed and seeds.
Possible scenarios of transition to a more sustainable agricolture based on renewable energy sources were analized in detail for all the farms analized.
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FOLEY, BRENT T. "CREATING HEALTHY BUILDINGS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1083042438.
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Harray, Amelia Jeanne. "Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Behaviours in Western Australian Adults." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/73547.
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Environmental sustainability and health can be impacted by diet and are issues often considered in isolation from one another. This research addressed the lack of evidence and methods to assess healthy and sustainable dietary behaviours by developing and evaluating a novel prediction model, the Healthy and Sustainable Diet Index. Application of this model will inform policy, guide future interventions, and raise consumer awareness of the impact of their dietary behaviours on both health and the environment.
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Ramaccia, Julie Brady. "What am I Eating? The Use of Health and Environmental Messages in Predicting a Sustainable Diet." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1304384504.
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Rott, Cheri. "The impact of Health Switch an eight week healthy weight loss program on participant's self-efficacy beliefs in losing weight." Online version, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008rottc.pdf.
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Fernandez, Melissa Anne. "Food literacy and healthy diets of Canadian parents : Associations and evaluation of the Eat Well Campaign." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33958.
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Une mauvaise alimentation est un facteur de risque important contribuant au fardeau des maladies chroniques. La littéracie alimentaire contribue à l’adoption de saines habitudes alimentaires et aide les consommateurs à développer de la résilience envers les effets négatifs de l’environnement alimentaire malsain qui offre une grande variété d’aliments à petits prix, souvent riches en énergie et de pauvre qualité nutritionnelle. Un besoin de réaliser de la recherche au Canada sur les déterminants de la littéracie alimentaire et leur association à la qualité de l’alimentation a déjà été identifié. La campagne « Bien manger » est une initiative portant sur la saine alimentation développée par Santé Canada pour sensibiliser les parents canadiens à la saine alimentation et augmenter leurs connaissances ainsi que leur participation à la planification des repas familiaux – une composante de la littéracie alimentaire. Les partenariats multisectoriels avec les détaillants alimentaires, les médias et les organisations de santé ont facilité la diffusion de la campagne et ont contribué à l’accroissement de sa portée et de son efficacité auprès des parents canadiens. La planification de repas n’est pas une composante de la littéracie alimentaire qui a été bien documentée dans la littérature, et jamais aucune intervention populationnelle sur ce sujet n’a fait objet d’une évaluation. De telles évaluations sont nécessaires pour fournir de la rétroaction aux parties prenantes concernant des pistes d’améliorations d’initiatives en santé et pour identifier des stratégies optimales visant à soutenir les progrès en santé publique. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de mener des évaluations de processus et d’impacts de la campagne « Bien manger », explorer les associations entre la littéracie alimentaire et la qualité de l’alimentation des parents canadiens et de transférer les connaissances auprès des décideurs et des parties prenantes. Pour réaliser les objectifs, un échantillon composé de partenaires multisectoriels de Santé Canada a été interrogé et une enquête a été réalisée auprès de parents canadiens. Dans un premier temps, une évaluation qualitative du processus d’implantation a été effectuée avec 21 partenaires pour déterminer quels facteurs ont influencé leur décision d’adopter la campagne « Bien manger » et pour identifier les iv facteurs facilitants et les obstacles reliés à l’implantation de la campagne. Dans un deuxième temps, une évaluation quantitative a été effectuée auprès de 964 parents canadiens pour caractériser la portée de la campagne et déterminer les effets sur les attitudes reliés à la planification des repas familiaux. Dans un troisième temps, des associations entre la littéracie alimentaire, le statut d’emploi et la qualité de l’alimentation ont été examinés au sein de 767 parents. L’évaluation de processus a mis au jour de nombreux éléments clés à prendre en considération lors de futures collaborations. Notamment, indépendamment de la mission de chaque organisation, celles partageant des valeurs compatibles ont de bonnes chances d’être de bons partenaires. En revanche, la planification collaborative et la communication sont nécessaires pour maintenir l’engagement de l’organisation et pour soutenir l’implantation des activités. L’évaluation d’impact a dévoilé que le rappel de la campagne était plus important chez les francophones, les personnes sans éducation universitaire et les personnes à faibles revenus. Les taux de rappels ont largement varié à travers le pays, avec les taux les moins élevés à Vancouver, Winnipeg et Toronto et les taux les plus élevés à Québec et dans les régions rurales du Québec. De plus, le rappel de la campagne était associé à des attitudes plus favorables envers la planification de repas. Finalement, les analyses exploratoires ont dévoilé que le statut d’emploi n’est pas associé à la littéracie alimentaire, que le temps était un obstacle important à la préparation de repas, et que les dimensions de connaissances en nutrition et conceptualisation d’aliments étaient associées à une meilleure qualité alimentaire. En conclusion, les futures initiatives de santé publique en matière de nutrition peuvent être renforcées par l’implication de partenaires avec des valeurs semblables dès l’étape de planification de l’intervention. Les initiatives futures devraient être élaborées en ciblant les dimensions de littéracie alimentaire qui ont la plus grande chance d’influencer des facteurs nutritionnels positives telles que les dimensions de connaissances alimentaires ou conceptualisation alimentaire, et prendre en considération des stratégies permettant aux parents de surmonter les obstacles reliés au manque de temps.Poor diet is a major risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Food literacy supports healthy eating practices and can help individuals build resilience to food environments that provide consumers with a large variety of energy-dense nutrient poor foods in abundance at low-costs. A need for further research in Canada on the determinants of food literacy and their relationship to diet quality has previously been identified. The Eat Well Campaign (Food Skills) (EWC) is a healthy eating initiative developed by Health Canada to increase parents’ awareness, knowledge of and engagement in meal planning – a component of food literacy. Cross-sector partnerships with the retail food industry, media and health organizations facilitated the diffusion of the EWC and were pivotal to extend its reach and effectiveness. Meal planning is not well described in the literature and no population-wide communication interventions targeting meal planning have been evaluated to date. Evaluations are essential to provide feedback to stakeholders on improving health initiatives, identify optimal strategies to support advances in public health and ensure government accountability. The main objective of this thesis was to conduct process and impact evaluations of the EWC, explore associations between food literacy and diet quality of Canadian parents and put this information into context for decision makers and stakeholders. To achieve these objectives, a purposeful sample of Health Canada’s cross-sector partners were interviewed and a cross-section of Canadian parents were surveyed. First, a qualitative process evaluation was conducted with 21 cross-sector partners to determine which factors influenced their decision to adopt the EWC and identify facilitators and barriers that they experienced during the EWC implementation. Second, a quantitative impact evaluation was conducted with 964 parents from across Canada to characterise the reach (i.e., awareness) of the EWC and determine whether the campaign’s awareness influenced meal planning attitudes, behaviors and self-efficacy. Third, associations between different food literacy dimensions, employment status and diet quality were investigated in a subsample of 767 parents. The process evaluation revealed several key considerations for future collaborations with partners from multiple sectors. Of note, regardless of mission, organizations with similar values are likely to make stronger partnerships; however, advanced collaborative planning and consistent communication are necessary to maintain organizational engagement and activity implementation. The impact evaluation revealed that the highest rates of campaign awareness were among French-speakers, parents without university education and those from low-income households. Awareness varied greatly across the country with the lowest rates in Vancouver, Winnipeg and Toronto, and the highest rates in Quebec City and rural Quebec. Additionally, campaign awareness was associated with more positive attitudes towards meal planning. Finally, exploratory analyses of different food literacy dimensions revealed that employment status was not associated with food literacy, time was a major limitation for home-based meal preparation and nutrition knowledge and food conceptualisation are significantly associated with diet quality. In conclusion, future public health nutrition initiatives can be strengthened by involving partners with similar values during the intervention planning stage. Future interventions should target dimensions of food literacy that are most likely to influence dietary outcomes such as nutrition knowledge or food conceptualisation and need to consider strategies to overcome time barriers to healthy eating.
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Genoni, Angela. "Health impacts and dietary composition of Paleolithic and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2126.
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The Paleolithic diet is promoted in Australia for improved gut health. However, it excludes grains and dairy, food groups that form part of the evidence-based Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE). While total dietary fibre intake can be maintained from consumption of vegetables, fruit and nuts, it is not known if the elimination of grain-based foods results in changes to resistant starch (RS) intake. The Paleolithic diet can be classified as a low carbohydrate diet, however, interventions examining the impact of low carbohydrate diets on gastrointestinal health have been short-term and very low in dietary fibre, limiting comparison with a Paleolithic dietary pattern. Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) arises mainly from colonic fermentation and hepatic conversion of animal protein and is positively associated with cardiovascular disease, but changes to RS intake may alter concentrations. With available literature on the Paleolithic diet examining only cardiometabolic and anthropometric outcomes, there exists a need to examine both fibre fraction intake and markers of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the microbiota.
The PhD research comprised three separate studies. Studies One and Two re-examined data from a four-week randomised dietary intervention in healthy women (n=39) using the Paleolithic (n=22) and AGHE diets (n=17), to understand fibre fraction intake and to determine whether the short-term dietary change induced changes in serum TMAO concentrations. Study Three comprised a new, cross-sectional study and examined markers for dietary intake, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal health; comparing the results to a control group following a standard Australian diet. Forty-four long-term followers (>1 y) of the Paleolithic diet and 47 healthy controls were recruited; three-day weighed food records, diet history, anthropometric measures, fasting blood, 24-hour urine and 48-hour stool samples were collected. Food group, fibre and RS intake were estimated from weighed food records; serum TMAO concentrations were measured using LC-MS; faecal biochemistry with LC and GC-MS; faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v4 region.
The short-term intervention comprising Studies One and Two showed RS intake postintervention, on a Paleolithic diet was significantly lower (RS Minimum 1.39 ± 0.95 g/day, RS Maximum 6.52 ± 4.59 g/day), than intake in the AGHE group (RS Minimum 2.46 ±2.26 g/day, RS Maximum 9.91 ± 9.06 g/day) and resulted in significant differences between groups (P
Study Three showed variation in the level of adherence to the Paleolithic diet and resulted in the stratification of the cohort into Strict Paleolithic (SP) (n=22) and Pseudo-Paleolithic (PP) (n=22) groups. Total dietary fibre intake was similar in the SP and control groups (30 g/day versus 27 g/day) and significantly higher than that of the PP group (21 g/day) (PBifidobacteriaand Roseburia genera, and increased abundance of TMA producing genera Hungatella.
Lower RS and carbohydrate intake, combined with high fat intake were associated with changes in microbiota and reduced abundances of beneficial genera in the Paleolithic group. The lack of differences between groups observed in SCFA excretion and the association with vegetable intake is supportive of dietary recommendations to increase consumption and may indicate a mechanism via which vegetables exert beneficial health impacts. The significantly higher concentrations of TMAO in the SP group and the association with both whole grain intake and the microbiota indicates that a variety of carbohydrate sources and fibre components may be required to maintain colonic health. Future research should now focus on including markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation to confirm these findings.
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Cvetkovic, Sasa. "Towards a Healthy Architecture. Lustica Peninsula." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2790.
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This thesis attempts to create an architectural vision for the future healthy evolution of the Lu?tica peninsula, a very potent and unique site along the Adriatic coast in Serbia and Montenegro. While acknowledging the contemporary and increasingly important need for ecological incentives in designing, planning and management of our environments, the thesis utilizes the holistic ecosystems approach as a methodological tool to ravel the site's inherent organizational and operational complexities. Imagined and embodied in a Natural and Cultural Heritage Park, the development vision is fundamentally driven by the idea of immortality of a place, scholastically termed as the sense of a place. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is embedded in the search, discovery and eventually, safeguarding and enhancement of Lu?tica's Genius Loci, ensuring its ecological and economical sustainability and the overall health of its reconciled natural and cultural communities. By proposing a resolution for existing problems and fostering intrinsic potentials of the site, the thesis ultimately reads as a new paradigm for developing our environments wherein the spirit of a place plays a quintessential role and often signifies their very identity and meaning.
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Sadymaka, M., Тетяна Володимирівна Початко, Татьяна Владимировна Початко, and Tetiana Volodymyrivna Pochatko. "Healthy environment for our future." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78024.
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"Environmental pollution" is a phrase with sounds almost everyday because this problem is very ugent now. It's the greatest trouble of people of all nations. Our planet must be saved. We must do something to prevent the pollution. But few people worry about our environment. Although the consequences of our indifference are terrible. The life of future generations depends on our decisions. The sustainability discourse started in the 1970s, and the 1992 UN Conference on the Environment and Development recognized intergenerational equity as central for policymaking that safeguards the future. This principle is now found in the constitutions of many countries. But its implementation in the world policy-making, however, is rare. The World Commission on Environment and Development states, “We borrow environmental capital from future generations with no intention or prospect of repaying. We act as we do because we can get away with it: future generations do not vote; they have no political or financial power; they cannot challenge our decisions.”
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Baumann, Andreas. "Greenhouse gas emissions associated with different meat-free diets in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200616.
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The production of food is responsible for large share of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. There is a wide range of emissions associated with different food-groups. In particular the production of meat from ruminants causes higher emissions compared to plant-based food. This study compared two different types of meat-free diets (ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan) in Sweden and the emission of greenhouse gases that are connected to the aliment and beverages that are consumed in these diets. Dietary records were used to obtain real data on what food is consumed on a weekly basis. On average the food consumed by the vegan sample caused lower emissions that the food consumed by the vegetarian sample. The average vegan diet caused 591 kg CO2e per year whereas the average vegetarian diet caused 761 kg CO2e. The annual difference is thus 170 kg. These findings are in line with existing research although recent studies often used hypothetical diets instead of real data.
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Bartke, Jonas. "Hegemonic Masculinity, Food and Identity – Uncovering the Relationship between Dominant Discourses and Future Diets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387632.
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Food consumption plays an important role for future sustainable livelihoods and, in particular, the vegan diet is becoming increasingly popular among consumers of different societies. Understanding how people change their food habits is a major research quest and there is growing interest in the role of social media sites since these are important platforms for visual presentation online where individuals can influence others. This article investigates how vegan ‘men’ present themselves on the social media network Instagram. Drawing on the analytical framework of ‘hegemonic masculinity’, the study examines what values these individuals visually portray online. By conducting a content analysis of 600 top-posts that appear under the hashtag #veganmen, narratives are examined for what they convey and how certain ‘masculine’ perceptions are re-shaped or reinforced. The findings reveal the visual significance of ‘masculine’ self-presentation by vegan ‘men’ over other narratives that portray values of sustainability, compassion and empathy. Nonetheless, this narrative of ‘masculine’ self-presentation can still be understood as an attempt to motivate other individuals to embrace a plant-based diet and thereby contribute to change towards more ‘sustainable’ food consumption habits.
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Garton, Kelly. "Assessing equity in access to healthy diets in Ecuador following the addition of food sovereignty to the constitution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46388.
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Background: Ecuador shows high and increasing rates of diet-related non-communicable diseases, attributed in part to a nutrition transition toward more animal-based and processed foods. In 2008, Ecuador introduced the right to food sovereignty to its constitution in an effort to improve diets and protect local agricultural production. However, this has not yet translated to evidence of improved nutrition at the community level.
Objective: This thesis examines whether the promotion of food sovereignty has contributed to improving access to healthy diets for marginalized populations in Ecuador; if so, it asks how and to what extent, and if not, it explores the barriers to achieving change and opportunities for improvement. This project thus seeks to provide suggestions of entry points for policies and programs to improve access to and consumption of healthy foods.
Methods: Complementary qualitative methods were used to examine geographic access, food prices, nutritional knowledge and dietary preferences, and priorities for food policy improvement in three low-income neighbourhoods in the city of Machala, El Oro.
Results: Access to affordable healthy foods is still an issue as perceived by the study neighbourhoods. Poor nutritional knowledge, high relative cost of fruits and vegetables, and inequitable geographic access to affordable healthy foods were the main barriers to healthy eating. Price was the primary factor influencing food purchasing and consumption behaviours. Knowledge of the concept of food sovereignty and its inclusion in the constitution was nonexistent, as was the awareness of any new policies or programs implemented to improve access to healthy foods since 2008.
Conclusions: As there are no food sovereignty policies in place so far that address price, the affordability of healthy foods could be addressed either by improving the linkages between producers and consumers to reduce intermediaries, or by adopting fiscal policies that subsidize healthy foods and tax unhealthy foods to help make healthy options more affordable and viable. These policy initiatives fall within the potential scope of a commitment to food sovereignty, but greater focus is needed as the government advances in the development of specific policies and programs in order to have an impact on population health.
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Zech, Konstantin M. [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Althammer, and Uwe [Gutachter] Schneider. "Greenhouse gas mitigation through healthy diets : Technical and political potentials / Konstantin M. Zech ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Althammer, Uwe Schneider." Dresden : Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/115374449X/34.
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Zech, Konstantin M. Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Althammer, and Uwe [Gutachter] [Schneider. "Greenhouse gas mitigation through healthy diets : Technical and political potentials / Konstantin M. Zech ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Althammer, Uwe Schneider." Dresden : Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/115374449X/34.
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Zech, Konstantin M. Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] [Althammer, and Uwe [Gutachter] Schneider. "Greenhouse gas mitigation through healthy diets : Technical and political potentials / Konstantin M. Zech ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Althammer, Uwe Schneider." Dresden : Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/115374449X/34.
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Van, Fossen Kirsten Ellen. "Cultivating healthy food ventures : the business model perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284999.
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This research has explored the business model and business model innovation in the context of the healthy food venture (HFV). The HFV is defined as an organised initiative that aims to improve people's health by encouraging healthy food consumption. This research has grown out of the need to find new ways of tackling the public health issues that stem from the way food is currently produced and consumed. Scholars increasingly suggest that business model innovation helps business practitioners to achieve specific value outcomes. Thought leaders increasingly call for new business models to solve the health problems stemming from the food system. However, the literature fails to offer theory and practical guidance about how to design and manage the business models of HFVs. The research seeks to answer two research questions: 1) what are the challenges faced by HFVs? and 2) how do HFVs innovate their business models? The purpose of this research is to help HFVs create multiple (both social and economic) value outcomes. One objective of the research is to contribute to the knowledge about healthy food intervention and more specifically, healthy food intervention through business models. Another objective of the research is to contribute to practice and offer practitioners tools that help them to operate successful HFVs. The research questions and objectives aligned with a qualitative approach. The researcher answered the research questions by studying a sample of HFVs using action research, autoethnography and traditional case study methodologies. The research has produced specific insights and tools that can help HFV practitioners and scholars. The insights highlight the multiplicity of value that is embedded within food. Its value richness creates both opportunities and challenges for HFVs. The research has developed a context-specific business model framework-the Business Model Blossom (BMB), and has also led to the development of a business model innovation language that complements the Business Model Blossom-the Negative Value Diagnostics (NVDs). Besides these specific insights and tools, the research has challenged the current business model literature as to the precision of the business model and business model innovation concepts. It has created future research opportunities for implementing and refining the Business Model Blossom and Negative Value Diagnostics with HFV practitioners, as well as practitioners from other industries.
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Ohly, Heather. "A realist investigation of the impact of 'Healthy Start' on the diets of low-income pregnant women in the UK." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23809/.
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Healthy Start is the United Kingdom government’s food voucher programme for low-income, pregnant women and young children. Eligible women receive vouchers worth £3.10 per week, which can be exchanged for fruit and vegetables, plain cow’s milk or infant formula. There has been no robust evaluation of the impact of Healthy Start on nutritional outcomes since its introduction in 2006. Therefore, this study aimed to explore potential outcomes of the programme (including intended and unintended outcomes) and develop explanations for how and why these outcomes might occur. A realist review was conducted in two iterative and overlapping stages: 1) developing theories or hypotheses about how the Healthy Start programme works, for who, in what circumstances and why; 2) testing those theories using relevant evidence from existing studies of Healthy Start and a similar food voucher programme in the United States. The review findings comprised three ‘evidence-informed programme theories’ about how low-income pregnant women use Healthy Start vouchers and why. A qualitative study was undertaken to further refine and consolidate the programme theories derived from the realist review, and to develop new and emerging programme theories. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 low-income women from North West England, who received Healthy Start vouchers during pregnancy. An innovative combination of realist interview techniques and vignettes was used to communicate and exchange theories with low-income women. A realist logic of analysis was applied to generate clear and transparent linkages between outcomes and explanations. Five ‘evidence-based programme theories’ were developed to explain why low-income pregnant women may experience one or more of the following outcomes from the Healthy Start programme: dietary improvements, shared benefits, financial assistance, stockpiling formula, misuse of vouchers. These programme theories were integrated with existing behaviour change theories and an overarching theoretical model for Healthy Start was developed. This model illustrates the combination of context and resources needed to generate the intended outcome of dietary improvements for low-income pregnant women, and the mechanisms by which this outcome may be generated.
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Oksana, Tserkovna, and Voronina Anna. "Тhe fontains through the lens of green construction sustainable development." Thesis, Torubara V.V, 2019. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/40564.
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The environmental degradation increases in Ukraine and European countries. According to the study, all the factors affecting the environment status are divided into two groups - natural and anthropogenic. The natural factors are out of control and affect the environment regardless of it (climate, terrain, reservoirs, vegetation, etc.). The anthropogenic factors are completely controllable and depend on the urban environment (development density, transport system, nature of industry, public services and amenities level, etc.). The undertaken study made it possible to identify the main factors that deteriorate the environment in settlements of Ukraine and the settlements of other European countries with similar climate conditions: - natural factors - negative manifestations of the climate change; - anthropogenic factors - pollution by urban acoustics noise; air pollution; threats of the spread of diseases borne by water the quality of which ceases to meet the current sanitary standards. It is proposed to consider the construction of new fountains and the modernization of existing fountains as measures the sound organization of which will ensure the sustainable development of green construction.
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Adeka, Saudat O. "The contributions of Sustainable Healthy Workplaces to the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17389.
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The study aimed to examine the contributions of two corporate, non-health, transnational, Sustainable Healthy Workplaces (SHWs) to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) in Nigeria.
The research questions in this study sought to determine the contributions made by SHWs to combating malaria and ‘other diseases’ and ensuring gender equality in health at work, thus ascertaining the contributions of the studied organisations to the MDGs 3 and 6 in Nigeria.
A qualitative, eclectic case study of two SHWs was carried out. Data were sourced through documentary analysis and the use of semi-structured interviews, with 22 and 13 purposive sampled participants at organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively. Also, descriptive and thematic data analyses were utilised for numerical and textual data respectively, and these analyses were then compared and interpreted.
The results showed that both organisations contributed to the achievement of the two MDGs studied with policies and practices that were available but inadequate. Both implemented relevant and gender-specific policies but conducted inadequate workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs). Organisation ‘B’ had basic structural facilities to promote healthy lifestyle choices, which were missing at organisation ‘A’. Given this, there was no record of significant levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at organisation ‘B’, unlike organisation ‘A’ with its remarkable record. A decline in reported cases of malaria (a communicable disease - CD) occurred throughout the study period at organisation ‘A’, with the highest recorded in 2012 (25.4%) and the lowest in 2014 (21.8%). No pattern was observed at organisation ‘B’ but the highest incidence of this disease was recorded in 2014 (75.6%) and the lowest in 2013 (30.7%).
At organisation ‘A’, there was a steady rise in sickness absences among male employees, contrary to the documented decline among that of female employees. No consistent pattern was observed regarding sickness absence for gender categories at organisation ‘B’. Deaths were recorded at organisation ‘A’ during the study period, except in 2014 when there were none. Organisation ‘B’ had no recorded mortality throughout the entire study period.
The findings from the literature review, using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Clearinghouse for Labour Evaluation and Research (CLEAR) checklists for quality assessment of the selected articles, showed that any effort aimed at preventing and combating diseases while ensuring gender equality in health among the workforce had a positive impact on stakeholders. This led to the most important element of the social and economic development agenda, including the MDGs, being addressed. Additionally, findings from organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ revealed positive, but inadequate, and varied contributions to the attainment of the MDGs, with better performance recorded at organisation ‘B’. This implied the need for these organisations to have done more in order to make a better contribution to the MDGs. The MDGs had 2015 as their target date, but they have now been replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, the lesson learnt from MDGs can be transferred to the implementation of the current SDGs, which are termed the ‘Global Goals’.
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Velin, Johanna, Pär Gustafsson, and Emmy Torstensson. "Sustainable Food Consumption : Exploring Consumers' Perspectives." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65186.
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The aim of this study was to explore consumers’ descriptions of sustainable food consumption. The concept of sustainability can be difficult to grasp, but is often defined in terms of three pillars; environment, society and economy. Prior research of sustainable food consumption have often focused on one of the pillars rather than all of them together in relation to consumers understandings of sustainable food consumption. Notwithstanding, previous research have mentioned that in order to fully comprehend sustainability it is essential to take all of the three pillars into consideration. Therefore, this study acknowledged this gap, as it focused on the three pillars of sustainability as a base, and further connected the three pillars to the four food concepts; organic, Fairtrade, sustainable diets and waste, in order to fully understand consumers descriptions of sustainable food consumption. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews with a sample of students and employees at Linnaeus University in Sweden. The interviewees gave varied and interesting answers, which later were analyzed in comparison to the theory on the subject. With the answers from the interviews it was concluded that environmental and social sustainability were prioritized to economic sustainability among participants. As the participants’ descriptions of sustainable food consumption was varied, and all of the four concepts in relation to three pillars were analyzed, a framework was developed in order to clarify how the consumers describe sustainable food consumption. The study also presents a number of implications for further research as well as managerial implications. Keywords Sustainable food consumption, consumers description, three pillars of sustainability, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, organic, Fairtrade, sustainable diets, vegetarian, locally produced, waste reduction, food waste
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Branger, Jakob. "Standardization perspectives of communication infrastructure of future homes : from automated home to sustainable, healthy and manufacturing home." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122134.
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Driven by the Internet of Things, devices and appliances will be increasingly connected to each other and the people within the home. In order for the communication to be possible a standard for communication is needed. In many cases there are too many standards, and for other cases there may instead be an absence of standard. This thesis provides a contemporary view of future developments of homes and the current standardization progress. Four domains in homes are investigated: the automated home domain, the sustainable home domain, the healthy home domain and the manufacturing home domain. Trends and technologies are identified that drive a change in homes. Services are described that may be provided in homes. The thesis discusses how services from different domains may be integrated, with a further investigation of the networked manufacturing service and its underlying communication infrastructure. Finally standards are identified and analyzed in regard to the communication infrastructure of the networked manufacturing service. The standardization development is progressing for each home domain. However, potential standard gaps are still present for many of the cross domain device communication. No standard has been identified for integration of services and integration of the business ecosystem in the manufacturing home domain. Similarly there is no standard for the software of 3D printing. New standards or further development of existing standards is needed to realize the networked manufacturing service.
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Adekanbi, Steve [Verfasser]. "Efficacy of Mentoring Young Ministers for a Sustainable Healthy Church in Lagos East Baptist Conference / Steve Adekanbi." Munich : GRIN Publishing, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132884527/34.
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Janoco, Martin. "Evaluating the sustainability of vegetarian, vegan, and New Nordic diets in Sweden : Combining environmental and nutritional aspects." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260278.
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Changing the western dietary pattern toward a healthier diet with reduced intake of animal foods is a commonly recognized strategy in the ongoing effort for global sustainability. Since animal foods tend to have a high environmental impact, vegetarian diets are often suggested as an ecological alternative to the typical Western diet. The low sum of environmental impacts, however, does not on its own necessarily translate to a sustainable diet. Sustainability encompasses many other aspects, such as nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. As regards the elimination of animal foods in particular, health-related aspects ought to be considered since some nutrients are supplied primarily via animal products which may lead to nutritional deficiencies and potential negative health effects in the long term. Furthermore, since the main function of diets is the supply of (adequate) nutrition, the environmental impacts of diets ought to be compared in light of their nutritional quality. In this project the environmental impact on climate change, land use, blue water footprint, and biodiversity damage potential of four diets is assessed, along with their nutritional adequacy and financial cost. The four assessed diets are: an average Swedish diet, New Nordic diet, vegetarian diet, and vegan diet. The environmental impacts are normalized with a nutritient-rich diet score (NRD) to compare the impacts of diets in relation to their nutritional quality. The vegan diet, followed by the vegetarian diet, resulted in the lowest overall impact with the exception of blue water footprint, however, the normalization with NRD score lessened the relative differences between the New Nordic, vegetarian, and vegan diet. Furthermore, the nutritional assessment showed a potentially unsustainable intake of vitamin D in vegetarians and vit. D and B12 in vegans, which is not properly reflected in the nutritional quality score. Nevertheless, the use of the nutritional score is fairly simple and provides opportunity for linking the health-related aspect of diets to their environmental impact. Joined with indicators on other sustainability aspects, such as the economic, this method can offer a more holistic picture of the sustainability of diets.Att ändra det västerländska kostmönstret mot en hälsosammare diet med minskat intag av animaliska livsmedel är en allmänt erkänd strategi i den pågående ansträngningen för global hållbarhet. Eftersom djurfoder tenderar att ha stor miljöpåverkan, är vegetariska dieter ofta föreslagna som ett ekologiskt alternativ till den typiska västerländska kosten. Den låga summan av miljöpåverkan innebär emellertid inte nödvändigtvis att det är en hållbar diet. Hållbarhet omfattar många andra aspekter, såsom näringskrav, överkomlighet och kulturell acceptans. När det gäller avskaffandet av animaliska livsmedel bör i synnerhet hälsorelaterade aspekter beaktas eftersom vissa näringsämnen levereras primärt via animaliska produkter vilket kan leda till näringsbrist och potentiellt negativa hälsoeffekter på lång sikt. Eftersom dietens huvudsakliga funktion är tillförseln av (tillräcklig) näring, borde miljöpåverkan av dieter jämföras med hänsyn till deras näringskvalitet. I detta projekt bedöms miljöpåverkan med avseende på klimatförändringar, markanvändning, blått blåvattenavtryck och biologisk mångfaldskador för fyra dieter tillsammans med deras näringsbehov och ekonomiska kostnader. De fyra bedömda kostvanorna är: en genomsnittlig svensk diet, ny nordisk kost, vegetarisk kost och vegansk kost. Miljöpåverkan normaliseras med ett näringsrikt diettvärde (NRD) för att jämföra effekterna av dieter i förhållande till deras näringskvalitet. Vegansk diet, följt av vegetarisk kost, resulterade i den lägsta övergripande effekten, med undantag för blå vattenavtryck, men normaliseringen med NRD-poäng minskade de relativa skillnaderna mellan den nya nordiska, vegetariska och veganska dieterna. Vidare visade näringsvärderingen ett potentiellt ohållbart intag av vitamin D för vegetarianer och vit. D och B12 för veganer, vilket inte korrekt återspeglas I det näringsmässiga kvalitetsresultatet. Ändå är användningen av näringsvärdet ganska enkelt och ger möjlighet att koppla den hälsorelaterade aspekten av dieter till deras miljöpåverkan. Genom att kombinera indikatorer för andra hållbarhetsaspekter, såsom den ekonomiska, kan denna metod erbjuda en mer holistisk bild av dieters hållbarhet.
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Hamzah, Sareena Hanim. "Impact of glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets on exercise energy metabolism and capacity and fasting concentration of plasma lipids in healthy physically active individuals." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2632/.
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The present thesis describes the impact of glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days on exercise energy metabolism and capacity and fasting plasma lipids in healthy physically active individuals. The thesis consists of a literature review (Chapter 1), general methods (Chapter 2), four experimental chapters (Chapter 3-Chapter 6) and general discussion and conclusion (Chapter 7). Chapter 3 presents a pilot study aimed to investigate whether high carbohydrate meals with high and low glycaemic index of foods present within meals developed by using the glycaemic index values from the published glycaemic index tables, produce significant differences in postprandial glucose response. Eight healthy active women consumed prescribed high carbohydrate diets with either high or low glycaemic index in a randomised counterbalanced order. The experimental meals which consisted of breakfast, morning snack and lunch were consumed after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose responses were measured at baseline and every 30 minutes for 300 minutes after baseline. We concluded that high carbohydrate meals with high and low glycaemic index prescribed using the glycaemic index values from the existing glycaemic index tables in the literature produced a significant difference in postprandial plasma glucose responses. Thus, for further studies high carbohydrate diets with high and low glycaemic index were developed using glycaemic index values from available glycaemic index tables. The aim of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 was to investigate the extent to which the glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days reduces the rate of fat oxidation during endurance exercise and exercise capacity during running conducted in the fasted state in men and women. To determine this, 9 healthy physically active men (Chapter 4) and 9 healthy physically active women (Chapter 5) performed three treadmill runs to exhaustion at 65% max after their habitual diet, after 5 days on a high carbohydrate high glycaemic index diet, and after 5 days on high carbohydrate low glycaemic index diet, in a randomised counterbalanced order. Blood samples for the measurements of glucose, insulin, glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids, and expired air samples for the measurements of the rates of fat and carbohydrate oxidation were obtained at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 minutes and at the point of exhaustion. Running capacity was measured as time to exhaustion and distance covered. It was found that in both men and women, the extent to which high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days reduced the rate of fat oxidation during running in the fasted state was not influenced by the glycaemic index of the diet, and that glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days had no impact on running capacity. Chapter 6 aimed to investigate the impact of the consumption of high carbohydrate diets with high and low glycaemic index for 5 days on fasting plasma concentration of lipids, insulin sensitivity and biomarkers for endothelial function (i.e. intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in physically active individuals. Fasting blood was collected from 17 healthy individuals on three occasions in a randomised counterbalanced order: after consuming habitual diet, after 5 days on high carbohydrate high glycaemic index diet and after 5 days on high carbohydrate low glycaemic index diet. It was found that the extent to which high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days increases fasting plasma concentration of triglyceride and reduces the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was not influenced by the glycaemic index of the diets. It was also found that glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed for 5 days had no impact on insulin sensitivity or on biomarkers of endothelial activation. In conclusion, consideration of the glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed by physically active healthy men and women for 5 days has no impact on insulin sensitivity and fasting concentration of plasma lipids, it does not influence the rate of fat oxidation induced by high carbohydrate diets during running conducted in the fasted state and has no influence on running capacity. Thus, when physically active individuals increase carbohydrate intake for the purposes of muscle glycogen accumulation, consideration of the glycaemic index is not important. Future studies are needed to determine whether the glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets modify exercise energy metabolisms in top grade athletes.
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Berkley, Lisa A. "A Case Study: The Role of Compassionate Cities, Healthy Cities, and UN Sustainable Development Goals in City Leadership and Planning." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1582819813185475.
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Waddick, Caitlin Janson. "Healthy residential developments: reducing pollutant exposures for vulnerable populations with multiple chemical sensitivities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37270.
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Many serious illnesses are linked to everyday exposures to toxic chemicals. In the U.S., most chemical exposure comes from common consumer products such as pesticides, fragranced products, cleaning supplies, and building materials--products so widely used that people consider them "safe." As the links between everyday toxic exposures and potential health effects become better understood, evidence increasingly shows that reducing exposures can create a healthier society. Although some individuals may choose to build a healthy home and maintain a healthy household, they are still exposed to pollutants at their residences from the actions of others, such as to pesticides that are used by neighbors, businesses, and governments. They need healthy residential developments in environmentally healthy communities.
This research investigates "healthy residential developments," defined as a property that aims to reduce pollutant exposures to the extent required by vulnerable populations, which for this research are individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). Through a case study approach, this research investigates two exemplars of healthy residential developments, and explains how and why they form and continue. It also examines their implementation methods, and implications for planning and policy.
Primary data collection methods included in-person interviews, telephone interviews, and site visits. Research strategies included the analysis of interview data, and categorical aggregation using thematic categories within and across cases. The categories focused on factors of formation and continuation for the two healthy residential developments.
Findings include the challenges of people disabled with MCS to find safe housing; the importance of planning to address these challenges; the role of individuals, funding, and zoning in the formation of healthy residential developments; the role of funding, safe maintenance, and property management in their continuation; and, the need for affordable and safe housing for vulnerable populations.
Future research can address the need to develop methods to create and sustain healthy residential developments, understand and reduce sources of exposure that initiate and trigger chemical sensitivity, and investigate experiences and implementation strategies in other countries.
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Prochorskaite, A. "An investigation of the 'soft' features of sustainable and healthy housing design : exploring stakeholder preferences and their provision in new housing developments." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4575/.
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Despite the widely recognised importance of the impact that built environment has on health and well-being, the concept of sustainable housing is still regarded largely in terms of environmental sustainability. However, given the urgent need to increase the quantity and sustainability of new homes in the UK, it is essential that the design and delivery of sustainable housing does not neglect health and well-being aspects that are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the development of sustainable communities. This study focuses on the ‘soft’ features of sustainable housing, that is, the non-technological components of housing and neighbourhood design that can affect occupants’ health and well-being as well as their satisfaction with their homes. The research aims to conceptualise and identify these ‘soft’ features of housing design and establish whether the opinions of housing users regarding their importance are aligned with those of the housing providers. Using a case study approach, the study also assesses the extent to which such features are being provided by new housing developments. The research begins with a review of literature of the sustainable housing and healthy housing concepts, which lead to the development of a framework for sustainable housing design with an emphasis on health and well-being. Building on this foundation, three phases of the methodology were developed to address the aims of the research: Firstly, a content analysis of sustainable housing standards is carried out, followed by a survey to ascertain the relative importance that housing stakeholders attach to these ‘soft’ features, and lastly, six housing developments are evaluated with regards to their provision of these features. The findings reveal that housing user preferences are not always aligned with those of housing providers, and indeed, a number of notable differences in opinion are also found between the private sector and social housing providers. Lastly, assessment of the six case studies indicates a low level of provision of such features new housing developments. These findings indicate that a more comprehensive approach is necessary for addressing and providing for the softer features of housing and neighbourhood design.
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Hellberg, Lou. "Communicating Sustainable Consumption?: How the Environmental Impact of Animal-Based Food Consumption is Expressed by Swedish Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21923.
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The demand and consumption of food products created by the livestock- and fishing industries, have a major environmental impact, affecting climate change, biodiversity, and ecosystems. Yet, there seems to be a lack of public awareness of the direct impact one’s choice of food has on the environment, which suggests that more effective efforts are needed in order to introduce the concept to consumers. By the influence of a post-humanist perspective, this thesis investigates how the environmental impact of consuming animal-based food is communicated by Swedish environmental non-governmental organizations, and how the organizations are actively working to change consumers’ dietary habits by selecting more sustainable options. The research has focused on the external communication channels of the organizations, where verbiage and imagery have been analyzed in context, by using an analytical perspective of a constructionist view of communication, of where I acknowledge that communication has changed in our digital society. The findings indicated that the organizations are showing clear efforts and willingness of communicating the environmental impact of consuming animal-based food, although these efforts remain quite limited. The promotion of a plant-based diet as a way to help mitigate climate change was also communicated to a fair extent, but the organizations seemed to be privileging the preferences of consumers for animal-based food products over the actual need for them. Given that scientific evidence has shown that human consumption of animal-based food products has a major environmental impact, the overall produced knowledge by the organizations’ communication of consuming such products is still lacking. This suggests that more effective communication efforts are still needed, given the severity of the issue, which requires a drastic social change in eating habits as currently practiced in developed nations, in order to effectively mitigate climate change.
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Walker, Ayron Elizabeth. "An Exploration of the Structure, Issue Framing and Priorities of Virginia's Food Policy Groups to Collaborate on a Healthy, Resilient and Sustainable Food System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90285.
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Food policy groups (FPG) have emerged in the United States (U.S.) to create healthy, resilient and sustainable food systems. There is a lack of research about FPG in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This M.S. thesis describes a mixed-methods study that investigated the structure, issue framing, activities and priorities of diverse FPG in Virginia to develop a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system framed around three research objectives. Objective one used a scoping review to inventory and visually map the location of Virginia's FPG. Objective two administered a validated, online questionnaire to document activities related to organizational capacity, social capital, context, effectiveness, and community outcomes. Objective three used a semi-structured interview guide to explore stakeholders' views about opportunities and challenges to align diverse FPG priorities and interests. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were transcribed, hand-coded, and analyzed for emergent themes. Results found that 58% of FPG (n=32/55) are located cities around universities (i.e., Richmond, Blacksburg and Charlottesville), and fewer located in rural counties with higher health outcomes. A majority (75%, n=12/16) operated on annual budget less than $50,000. A third (37.5%, n=6/16) reported food system resilience work and 50% (n=8/16) reported sustainability work. Stakeholders (n=11) reported collaboration as a mutual interest and necessary to address systemic challenges and all interviewed FPG (n=11) reported sustainable funding as a major challenge. The results of this study may inform future policies for Virginia's FPG to support a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system at local, state and national levels.Master of Science
Since the 1980s, food policy groups (FPG) including councils, networks and coalitions in the United States (U.S.) and other countries have emerged to address food system issues such as food insecurity, food access, diet-related chronic diseases, the environmental impacts agricultural systems, poverty and economic development in communities. In 2016, 411 FPG were active in the U.S. and Canada to create healthy, resilient and sustainable food systems. There is a lack of research about FPG in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This M.S. thesis describes a study design to investigate how the structure, issue framing, activities and priorities of diverse FPG in Virginia can develop a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system. Results found that 58% of FPG (n=32/55) are located cities around universities (i.e., Richmond, Blacksburg and Charlottesville), and fewer located in rural counties with higher health outcomes. A majority (75%, n=12/16) operated on annual budget less than $50,000. A third (37.5%, n=6/16) reported food system resilience work and 50% (n=8/16) reported sustainability work. Stakeholders (n=11) reported collaboration as a mutual interest and necessary to address systemic challenge and all interviewed FPG (n=11) reported sustainable funding as a major challenge. The results of this study may inform future policies for Virginia’s FPG to support a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system at local, state and national levels.
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Simonsson, Clara. "Konsumenters attityder till att äta insekter och odlat kött : En intervjustudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23624.
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Replacing meat from animals with cultured meat and edible insects might reduce the impact on climate and the environment. That said, in order to fulfill their function as a sustainable food, insects and cultured meat would need to be consumed, on a wider scale and with a real-time reduction in meat consumption. The aim of this study was to explore consumers' attitudes toward consuming insects and cultured meat, whilst gathering an understanding of what consumers, themselves, believe to be acceptable to consume in the future. Fifteen individual semi-structured interviews, of both men and women, were conducted outside a supermarket in central Sweden. Data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The results highlight that for some respondents, insects are perceived as alien and undesirable, while cultured meat was perceived as too unnatural to be eaten; whilst others expressed both reluctance and a curiosity towards cultured meat and edible insects. Most respondents believed they will eat less meat, more vegetables and vegetarian protein in the future, and might try insects and cultured meat in hidden forms such as in sausage. The conclusion was that consumers had a mixed attitude toward eating insects and cultured meat.Enligt FN och FAO måste matvanorna i västvärlden ändras eftersom de inte är hållbara. Jordbruket orsakar utsläpp av stora mängder växthusgaser, och köttproduktionen står för den allra största delen av dessa. Ätbara insekter och odlat kött kan vara alternativa proteinkällor till exempelvis kött, de är mer miljövänliga med avseende på koldioxidutsläpp, vattenförbrukning, markanvändning och energiåtgång. För att livsmedlen ska fylla sin funktion som hållbara proteinkällor så krävs det att de konsumeras av befolkningen. Syftet med denna studie var att studera svenska konsumenters attityder till att äta insekter och odlat kött, samt att undersöka vad konsumenterna själva tror att de kommer att äta i framtiden. Studien är kvalitativ med en fenomenologisk ansats. Data insamlades med hjälp av intervjuer. 15 personer i olika åldrar deltog i studien, varav 8 kvinnor och 7 män. Resultatet visade att det finns en blandad attityd till att äta insekter och odlat kött. Insekter upplevdes som främmande och äckligt, och odlat kött som alltför onaturligt för att ätas. Det fanns både en tveksamhet och en nyfikenhet hos respondenterna till dessa alternativa proteinkällor. Hos de som hade en positiv attityd till att äta livsmedlen uppgavs miljövinsterna som främsta anledning till att konsumera dem. Hos de som hade en negativ attityd angavs känslor av äckel som främsta anledning till att inte konsumera insekter och odlat kött. Om insekterna eller det odlade köttet var dolt såsom i korv kunde vissa respondenter tänka sig att äta. Faktorer som ett fördelaktigt pris, god tillgänglighet och att produkter baserade på odlat kött och insekter är godkända enligt livsmedelslagstiftning, påverkade respondenternas villighet att konsumera dessa. Respondenterna trodde framförallt att de kommer att äta mindre kött, mer grönsaker och mer vegetariskt protein i framtiden. Slutsatsen är att det finns både positiva och negativa attityder till att äta insekter och odlat kött. Viljan att konsumera produkter baserade på dessa livsmedel verkar öka om livsmedlet är dolt, såsom i korv. Detta gäller både för insekter och odlat kött.
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Bilecki, Jessica E. "Assessing Healthy Food Access for Low-Income Households Shopping at a Farmers Market in Rural Athens County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1342784006.
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Costa, Mariana Fernandes. "Dietas da moda e transtornos alimentares: a construção de sentidos na busca do corpo perfeito e da vida saudável." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7829.
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Com a maior valorização da alimentação saudável e o crescente interesse das pessoas em relação à dieta e à imagem corporal, observamos o desencadeamento de distúrbios do comportamento alimentar, como a ortorexia, e o espaço da mídia como divulgação de um padrão de corpo perfeito e da magia das dietas da moda. É uma pesquisa qualitativa que atende a proposta do curso de doutorado com resultados publicáveis em capítulos de livros ou artigos em periódico científico. Os artigos são encadeados por uma trajetória temática de construção de concepções de alimentação saudável que permeia o universo das dietas e dos transtornos alimentares na sociedade contemporânea. A metodologia segue referencial teórico-conceitual para fundamentação de análise de elementos variados selecionados do campo no decorrer da pesquisa, com técnicas de análise semiótica, revisão de literatura e análise interpretativa com analogia entre sistemas culturais distintos. Na primeira publicação, Dietas da moda: um processo incessante e ininterrupto..., foram analisadas e discutidas as dietas da moda em revistas impressas e sua relação com o consumo na sociedade. Em um segundo momento, foi necessário compreender o encanto que as dietas da moda suscitam no mundo de hoje. Este artigo, Dietas da moda: o feiticeiro, a magia e sua eficácia simbólica, corresponde a discussão da magia das dietas da moda na contemporaneidade, traçando uma analogia com textos de Claude Lévi-Strauss. O terceiro artigo, Ortorexia: o (des)encontro entre a saúde e a doença, questiona uma concepção de alimentação saudável que leva a ortorexia. Apresenta uma abordagem biopsicossocial por meio da revisão de literatura e reflexão conceitual do que é saúde, segundo Georges Canguilhem, explorando os conceitos de medicalização, biopoder e biopolítica de Michel Foucault. Na dieta da moda, seja alternativa, milagrosa ou mágica, é a moda e seus princípios de efemeridade, sedução e diferenciação que vão dirigir o olhar, principalmente das mulheres, para consumir a dieta evidenciada pela mídia, respaldada pelo discurso científico, fazendo parte de um processo incessante e ininterrupto pela busca do corpo perfeito e da vida saudável. Os elementos das dietas da moda, no senso comum, formam uma rede de encantamento comparada a rituais de magia descritos por Lévi-Strauss, como os papéis do feiticeiro e do enfeitiçado, que se organizam em torno da acusação para exibir a eficácia de um feitiço em algumas aldeias, e dos profissionais de saúde que nestas revistas são legitimados pelo saber, e dos consumidores das revistas enfeitiçados que reforçam resultados surpreendentes ou a própria idéia de alimentação saudável como algo mágico, no mundo atual. Na seqüência, a ortorexia é a exacerbação das benesses de uma alimentação saudável, a pessoa assume práticas alimentares para desintoxicação corporal a partir da pureza dos alimentos, recorre a uma disciplina e controle rigorosos da alimentação diária, criando normas dietéticas que levam ao isolamento e ao adoecimento, no sentido de saúde como uma potência para construção e adaptação de normas para um bem viver. A disseminação do biopoder e da biopolítica favorece a restrição de um regime de vida, voltado para o controle e a segurança. O indivíduo é responsabilizado por suas escolhas e adoecimento, pois poderia afastar os riscos à saúde com a medicalização, ou uma dieta saudável que o purificasse dos males.With the largest recovery of healthy eating and the growing interest of people in relation to diet and body image, we observe the onset of eating disorders, as orthorexia, and the media as a space of disclosure of a perfect body standard and the magic of fad diets. It is a qualitative research that meets the proposed doctoral program with publishable results in book chapters or journal articles. The articles are linked by a thematic trajectory of constructing of healthy eating conceptions that permeates the whole of the diets and eating disorders in contemporary society. The methodology follows theoretical and conceptual framework for the analysis of various elements selected from the field during the research, with semiotic analysis techniques, literature review and interpretative analysis, with analogy between distincts cultural systems. In the first publication, Fad diets: an endless and uninterrupted process ..., were analyzed and discussed fad diets in print magazines and their relationship with the consumer society. In a second step, it was necessary to understand the charm that fad diets raise in current world. This article, Fad Diets: the sorcerer, magic and its symbolic efficacy corresponds a discussion of the magic fad diets in nowadays, drawing an analogy with two texts by Claude Lévi-Strauss. The third article, Orthorexia: the (mis)match between health and illness, questions the concept of healthy eating which leads to orthorexia. These article presents a biopsychosocial approach through literature review and conceptual reflection of what health is, according to Georges Canguilhem, exploring the concepts of medicalization, biopower and biopolitics of Michel Foucault. The fad diets are an alternative, miracle or magic. The fashion and its principles of ephemerality, seduction and differentiation that will drive the opinion, especially the women, to consume the diet evidenced by the media, backed by scientific discourse, part of an endless and uninterrupted process for search the "perfect body" and the "healthy living". The elements of fad diets, for the common sense, form a network of enchantment compared to magic rituals described by Lévi-Strauss, as the roles of the sorcerer and bewitched, which are organized around the prosecution to show the effectiveness of a spell in some villages, and the health professionals in these magazines who are legitimated by knowledge, and the bewitched consumers of magazines who show surprising results that reinforce the idea of healthy eating as something magical, in the current world. Subsequently, the orthorexia is the exacerbation of the benefits of a healthy diet. The people assume eating practices to detox the body from the purity of food, using a rigorous discipline and control of daily food, and creating dietary standards that lead to isolation and illness, the meaning of health as a power for the construction and adaptation of standards for the good living. The spread of the biopower and biopolitics favors the restriction of a scheme of life, based on the control and safety. The individual is responsible for their choices and illness because it could ward off the health risks with the medicalization, or with a healthy diet to cleanse the evils.
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Janů, Petra. "Lokální agenda 21 a její význam v rozvoji municipalit." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10866.
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This thesis deals with the Local Agenda 21 (MA21) and its impact to the municipality development. The Local Agenda 21 was derived from The Agenda 21, the main document of sustainable development agreed by UN in 1992. It is generally known that society development, population growth and growing peoples needs meet the limited quantities of the resources. Exactly this conflict between unlimited peoples wants and the limited amount of the resources has led to creating the Agenda 21 which was the reaction to unreasonable wastage of the resources and to environment deterioration. Local Agenda 21 is a blueprint paper for local authorities and its main aim is to achieve sustainable development in the particular area. Efficient usage of the resources may be seen as a proper solution. International project Healthy cities (WHO) operates with principles of sustainable development. The theoretical recourse may be found in the first part of the thesis. The practical implementation of MA21 principles (they are derived from principles of sustainable development) in Pelhřimov may be found in the following part. Pelhřimov joined the mentioned project Healthy cities in 2005. It means that these municipalities should respect sustainable development, environment and citizens opinions. Healthy cities also should preserve the environment for future generation.
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Garzillo, Josefa Maria Fellegger. "A alimentação e seus impactos ambientais: abordagens dos guias alimentares nacionais e estudo da dieta dos brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6140/tde-13022019-082545/.
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As dietas monótonas, com elevado consumo de carnes e alimentos ultraprocessados pioram o quadro de segurança alimentar porque aceleram registros epidemiológicos de doenças crônicas enquanto degradam os ecossistemas. Indicadores ambientais aplicados sistematicamente no campo da alimentação revelam as evidências científicas e as justificativas éticas que suportam a integração de educação nutricional e ambiental nos guias alimentares nacionais. Um grande desafio da atualidade é fortalecer as métricas das dietas saudáveis e sustentáveis, o que inclui desenvolver indicadores ambientais atrelados à qualidade nutricional dos padrões alimentares. Primeiro, nós fizemos uma avaliação qualitativa de como os guias nacionais inseriram as questões ambientais nas suas recomendações, seguida de estudo quantitativo sobre quanto que a adoção de dietas saudáveis pelos brasileiros reduziria os impactos ambientais. Pela análise de conteúdo, usando técnicas como a triagem de expressões e a categorização temática, nós relacionamos um extenso repertório ambiental aos Limites Planetários dentro dos quais a humanidade pode viver em segurança: uso de água doce, poluição química, integridade da biosfera, mudanças no uso do solo e nos sistemas da Terra, mudanças climáticas e fluxo biogeoquímico. Guias integrados recomendaram escolher alimentos com etiqueta ecológica oriundos da produção local e orgânica, as preparações caseiras compostas principalmente por vegetais frescos e sazonais, e moderadas em carnes, evitando os alimentos ultraprocessados, as embalagens, o consumo excessivo e os desperdícios. Água e alimentos contaminados por patógenos, alimentos vegetais por pesticidas e peixes por mercúrio foram questões apresentadas mesmo por guias com escopo restrito à nutrição. As recomendações conectaram as mudanças climáticas ao consumo de carne, mas também ao uso de energia e ao transporte. Para o estudo quantitativo, nós criamos uma nova base de dados ambientais com pegadas de carbono e hídrica obtidas em publicações internacionais de avaliação de ciclo de vida para todos os itens de consumo presentes na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008-2009) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. As pegadas dos alimentos e das preparações culinárias consumidos pelos brasileiros estão disponíveis para uso direto como fatores de cálculos integrados à tabela de composição nutricional. Na primeira aplicação da base de dados ambientais, nós calculamos as pegadas de carbono e hídrica do consumo alimentar médio (4,1kgCO2eq e 4120 litros de água), de uma dieta saudável simulada (3,5 kgCO2eq e 3410 litros de água) e de cenários definidos por cinco estratos de participação percentual de energia na dieta provenientes dos alimentos ultraprocessados e cinco estratos das carnes em geral. Fizemos o estudo comparativo das pegadas com as dietas equalizadas em 2000kcal e 60g de proteína. Comparamos os impactos ambientais atrelados à qualidade nutricional por diferentes unidades funcionais (100g, 100kcal e grama de proteína). O maior consumo de carnes apresentou as pegadas mais altas (6,4kgCO2eq e 6293 litros de água). O maior consumo de ultraprocessados (4,2kgCO2eq e 3789 litros de água) apresentou pegadas comparáveis ao consumo médio. Se 200 milhões de brasileiros adotassem a dieta saudável, eles reduziriam as emissões em 45 milhões de toneladas de carbono ao ano.Monotonous diets with high meat and ultra-processed foods consumption worsen the food security status because they accelerate epidemiological records of chronic diseases while degrading ecosystems. Environmental indicators systematically applied in the field of nutrition reveal scientific evidences and ethical justifications to support nutritional and environmental education integration in national dietary guidelines. A big challenge today is strengthening metrics of healthy and sustainable diets, which includes developing environmental indicators linked to nutritional quality of food patterns. First, we made a qualitative evaluation of how the national guidelines have inserted environmental issues in their recommendations, followed by a quantitative study on how much the healthy diets adoption by Brazilians would reduce environmental impacts. By content analysis, using techniques such as expressions screening and thematic categorization, we linked an extensive environmental repertoire to the Planetary Boundaries within which humanity could live safely: freshwater use, chemical pollution, biosphere integrity, land use and the Earth systems change, climate change and biogeochemical flow. Integrated guidelines recommended choosing eco-labeled food from local and organic production, home made meals mostly composed by fresh and seasonal vegetables, moderate in meat, avoiding ultra-processed foods, packaging, overconsumption and waste. Water and food contaminated by pathogens, plant foods by pesticides and fish by mercury were issues presented even by guidelines with scope restricted to nutrition. Food recommendations connected climate change to meat consumption, but also to energy use and transportation. For the quantitative study, we created a new environmental database with carbon and water footprints obtained from international life cycle assessment publications for all consumption items in the Family Budget Survey (2008-2009) of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. The footprints of foods and culinary preparations consumed by Brazilians are available to direct use as calculations factors integrated to the nutritional composition table. In the very first application of the environmental database, we calculated the carbon and water footprints of average food consumption (4.1 kgCO2eq and 4120 liters of water), a simulated healthy diet (3.5 kgCO2eq and 3410 liters of water) and scenarios defined by five quintils of dietary energy participation of ultra-processed foods and five quintils of red meats in general. We compared footprints using equalized diets in 2000 kcal and 60 g protein. We compared environmental impacts linked to nutritional quality by different functional units (100g, 100kcal and grams of protein). The highest meat consumption had the highest footprints of all (6.4kgCO2eq and 6293 liters of water). The highest consumption of ultra-processed had footprints (4.2kgCO2eq and 3789 liters of water) comparable to the average consumption. If 200 million Brazilians would adopt the healthy diet, they would reduce emissions in 45 million tons of carbon per year.
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Vorobjovaitė, Marija Anna. "Trečios kartos žmogaus teisės ir Jungtinės Tautos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061211_090027-41118.
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There are right to healthy environment and right to sustainable development analized in regard of climate change and degradation of Earth ecosystem as a whole in this paper. The aim of this issue is to identify at what level the nexus between two of the third generation human rights – the right to healthy and sound environment and right to sustainable development – is established in the framework of United Nations. The paper is structurized into three parts, where the typology of three generation human rights, so specific for United Nations, is discussed. There are also jurisprudence of main United Nations conventional human rights bodies overviewed in a prospective of the right to healthy environment and coordinative activity of the United Nations in accordance to sustainable development analized here.
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ZUCCHINELLI, MARIA. "ASSESSMENT OF WATER FOOTPRINT METHODOLOGIES TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION ON WATER RESOURCES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95713.
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La produzione globale di cibo provoca impatti sia sull’ ambiente che sulla salute umana. Tra le molteplici sfide che la comunità globale deve affrontare, le risorse di acqua dolce della Terra sono state identificate come pericolosamente soggette a una crescente pressione sia in termini quantitativi che qualitativi. Una profonda comprensione del nesso acqua-cibo è pertanto cruciale per lo sviluppo sostenibile.
Nella presente tesi è stato applicato il concetto di Water Footprint (WF) calcolata attraverso differenti metodologie – ovvero attraverso approcci di tipo volumetrico e per la quantificazione dei potenziali impatti – al fine di stimare gli impatti sul consumo di acqua conseguenti produzione e consumo di cibo. Per valutare diverse tecniche di produzione, sono state confrontate le prestazioni ambientali di due vigneti coltivati con metodi di agricoltura convenzionale e biologica. Inoltre, sono stati studiati gli impatti sulle risorse idriche in relazione a diversi scenari di consumo alimentare in Italia e Danimarca, per indagare come le scelte alimentari dei consumatori rappresentino una strategia di riduzione degli impatti sull’ acqua. Nel calcolo degli impatti ambientali, i risultati hanno evidenziato il ruolo chiave dell'origine dei prodotti alimentari consumati, insieme alla tipologia dei prodotti e la riduzione di sprechi alimentari.Global food production has increasingly affected both the environment and human health in substantial and remarkable ways. Among the many concerns global community has to face, Earth’s freshwater resources have been identified as dangerously subject to increasing pressure in the form of consumptive water use and pollution. A deep understanding of the water-food nexus is crucial to support the exploration of more suitable avenues for a sustainable development. In this work, the concept of water footprint (WF) presented by different methodologies – volumetric and impacts oriented approach – has been applied to link impacts on water consumption to the food production and consumption. With regard to the study of the production side, comparison of environmental performances of two vineyard where conventional and organic viticulture were applied, has been performed. Additionally, impacts on water resources related to different Italian and Danish dietary patterns have been investigated to understand the positive impacts that demand-side solutions can have. The studies highlighted that the origin of consumed foodstuffs played a key role in the calculation of local environmental impacts. Finally, the analysis showed that consumer’s choices could tackle environmental impact on water use by changing their consumption patterns, selecting less water-demanding products and reducing food waste.
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Silva, J?nior Ivanaldo Soares da. "O princ?pio constitucional do desenvolvimento sustent?vel: an?lise da sua concretiza??o no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13893.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-16The Article 225 of Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in its main body, stipulates that everyone is entitled to ecologically balanced environment and the use of common people and essential to the healthy quality of life, should be imposed on public authorities and the community the duty to defend it and preserve it for present and future generations. Following a universal trend, the letter raised the Brazilian environment the category of one of those values ideals of social order, dedicating it, along with a constitution of rules sparse, a chapter, itself, which definitely, institutionalized the right to healthy environment as a fundamental right of the individual. The national public policies and state should be in line with modern theories of Sustainable Development, outlined within the international society, and certainly instruments that should be made effective through the mobilization of civil society as a whole. The implementation of Human Rights, in fact, depends on a strong political action and not just a legal problem. Thus, this work of theoretical-descriptive nature we will address various dimensions of sustainable development, such as environmental education, water, sanitation, health and sustainable development plans, evaluating its current stage in our state
O art. 225 da Constitui??o da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil de 1988, em seu caput, prev? que todos t?m direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, bem de uso comum do povo e essencial ? sadia qualidade de vida, devendo ser imposto ao poder p?blico e ? coletividade o dever de defend?-lo e preserv?-lo para as presentes e futuras gera??es. Seguindo uma tend?ncia universal, a Carta brasileira erigiu o meio ambiente ? categoria de um daqueles valores ideais da ordem social, dedicando-lhe, a par de uma Constitui??o de regras esparsas, um cap?tulo, pr?prio, que definitivamente, institucionalizou o direito ao ambiente sadio como um direito fundamental do indiv?duo. As pol?ticas p?blicas nacionais e estaduais devem ficar em conson?ncia com as modernas teorias acerca do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, delineadas no seio da sociedade internacional, sendo indubitavelmente instrumentos que dever?o ser tornados eficazes mediante a mobiliza??o da sociedade civil como um todo. A concretiza??o dos Direitos Humanos, de fato, depende de uma forte atua??o pol?tica, n?o sendo apenas um problema jur?dico. Desta forma, nesta disserta??o de natureza te?rica-descritiva iremos abordar diversas dimens?es do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, como Educa??o Ambiental, recursos h?dricos, saneamento b?sico, sa?de e planos de desenvolvimentos sustent?veis, avaliando o seu atual est?gio no nosso estado
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Aspvik, Eveline, and Amanda Asker. "Växtbaserad glasstillverkning och dess hållbarhetspåverkan : En studie på det gotländska företaget Gute Glass." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445394.
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Denna studie har genomförts inom området för industriell teknik och tillhandahåller vidare förslag på en hållbar förbättring för ett svenskt företag som tillverkar glass, Gute Glass, beläget i Visby Gotland. Hållbarhetsutveckling utgör ett fundamentalt område och ligger vidare till grund för arbetet med att ta fram förbättringsförslaget för studien och företaget ifråga, i vilket hållbar utveckling är ett antaget globalt mål som alla länder ska arbeta för och som vidare kan definieras som ”Utveckling som möter nutidens behov utan att riskera möjligheten för kommande generationer att möta sina behov” (Gröndahl och Svanström, 2010, s. 32). Växtbaserade dieter är något som gynnar den hållbara utvecklingen i förhållande till animaliskt baserade dieter och dessa områden samt vilken påverkan de har på miljön ligger till grund för förbättringsförslaget.This study has been carried out within the field of industrial technology and further provides suggestions for sustainable improvement for a Swedish company that produces ice cream, Gute Glass, located in Visby Gotland. Sustainability development is a fundamental area and also forms the basis for the work of developing the improvement proposal for the study and the company in question, in which sustainable development is an assumed global goal that all countries must work for and which can further be defined as "Development that meets today's needs without risking the opportunity for future generations to meet their needs'' (Gröndahl and Svanström, 2010, p. 32). Plant-based diets are something that benefits the sustainable development in relation to animal-based diets and these areas and the impact they have on the environment is the basis for the improvement proposal.
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Benavente, Rios Marco Antonio, Meiggs Karolin Morelia Egusquiza, Paredes Katherine Sulmira Ruiz, Peña Rodrigo Torres, and Hurtado Elzi Krystel Toskano. "RenoBike." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654921.
Full textAbstract:
La idea de negocio nace con el fin de solucionar necesidades como el otorgar un medio de transporte que permita evitar aglomeraciones al trasladarte de un lugar a otro, sea por trabajo o por otro motivo. Es la mejor manera de ejercitar tu cuerpo y obtener un estilo de vida más saludable. Protegiendo el entorno al ser un medio de transporte que no afecta al medio ambiente al no emitir gases contaminantes y además es económico. Ahora, con la ayuda de la tecnología, puedes convertir tu bicicleta tradicional en una bicicleta eléctrica. De esta manera, podrás ahorrar mucho dinero antes de pensar en adquirir una bicicleta eléctrica. Nuestro mercado objetivo se encuentra entre las edades de 25 a 55 años y que pertenezcan al NSE A, B y C. RenoBike es un proyecto sostenible en el tiempo que además considera un valor agregado en postventa que permitirá mantenernos en contacto con nuestros clientes y fidelizarlos con más productos. Realizamos la validación del negocio con diversos métodos obteniendo como resultado de nuestro estudio, un mercado disponible que alcanza las 36,923 personas con un grado de conversión del 23%. Siendo conservadores ante el alto crecimiento que tiene el giro de negocio en ventas de bicicletas y bicicletas eléctricas en el año en curso. Podemos demostrar que con inversión inicial de S/ 89,862.00 podemos obtener muy buenos resultados y una rentabilidad que nos permitirá recuperar la inversión desde el primer año de actividades.The business idea was born to solve needs such as providing a means of transport that allows you to avoid crowds when moving from one place to another, be it for work or for another reason. It is the best way to exercise your body and get a healthier lifestyle. Protecting the environment by being a means of transport that does not affect the environment by not emitting polluting gases and is also economical. Now, with the help of technology, you can turn your traditional bicycle into an electric bicycle. In this way, you can save a lot of money before thinking about buying an electric bicycle. Our target market is between the ages of 25 to 55 and belonging to the NSE A, B and C. RenoBike is a sustainable project over time that also considers an added value in after-sales that will allow us to keep in touch with our customers and retain them with more products. We carry out the validation of the business with various methods, obtaining because of our study, an available market that reaches 36,923 people with a conversion rate of 23%. Being conservative given the high growth that the business line has in sales of bicycles and electric bicycles in the current year. We can show that with an initial investment of S / 89,862.00 we can obtain very good results and a profitability that will allow us to recover the investment from the first year of activities.
Trabajo de investigación