Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainability Study and teaching (Early childhood)'

AbstractIn a study undertaken in Queensland, Australia, analysis of a survey that included both qualitative and quantitative questions revealed that, like their Japanese counterparts, early childhood teachers do not have well-developed ideas and practices in education for sustainability (EfS). Instead, they mainly practise traditional nature-based activities, such as gardening or playing outdoors, and teaching about resource conservation through books, posters or fact sheets. Teachers’ understandings of nature education, environmental education, and education for sustainability seem to influence their educational practices. Deeper understandings about sustainability are necessary to extend beyond such traditional practices. Even though national curriculum frameworks and guidelines point to the importance of sustainability within early childhood curriculum, these appear to be insufficient in strengthening early childhood teachers’ ideas of sustainability and how to practise it effectively. We suggest that it would be beneficial for early childhood teachers, both preservice and inservice, to have professional development opportunities that build deeper understandings of sustainability and its implementation in their settings.

Early childhood education on sustainability has been an issue of high relevance in the last decade. In Spain, many different efforts have been made to increase children’s knowledge, skills, and awareness related to sustainability issues. However, uncertainty about the effectiveness of education on sustainable development exists. This research reports on an exploratory study organized by the association that promotes aluminum packaging recycling in Spain (Arpal). Seven teachers were trained on sustainability in general and on aluminum packaging recycling in particular. These teachers defined and implemented a teaching unit with active learning activities that involved three preschools. Fifty-four children under 6 years of age, mainly 2 and 3 years old, along with their parents, participated in the teaching unit. Qualitative and quantitative methods (questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus groups) were carried out to assess the impact. The results proved that different partners, such as children, parents, teachers, managers, and associations, can work together with the common goal of improving education on sustainable development in early childhood, and all of them benefit from this collaboration. Moreover, this study confirmed that education on sustainability should be embedded in the daily routine of preschools. Furthermore, after the exploratory study, the teaching unit was implemented in 29 Andalusian preschools.

Objectives: the ethnography study was undertaken to assess the situation early childhood education development centre (ECED) based on community and school as per ECED minimum standard and also to explore teaching pedagogy, infrastructure and environment of teaching at ECEDs. Similarly this study also tries to identify the challenges and issues to implement the ECED minimum standards.Method: a qualitative research design was applied for this evaluation research. The primary data were gathered through interview and observation. Conclusion: from the effectiveness perspective learning environment of early childhood development centre for children is satisfactory at home as well early childhood development (ECD) centre due to parental care. From the sustainability, ECD management committee are starting to collect fund for ECD centre (Admission and monthly fee), ECD management committee has clarity of organizational vision. ECD centers have been found to have trained and experienced ECD facilitator and are able to get Government quota for sustainability of center running cost and similarly from the equity, most of ECD parents are belong to marginal families whose children benefit from ECD center and since they cannot afford costly Montessori, children of marginal family can also afford quality education in ECD centers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i3.10585 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol.1(3) 2014: 103-107

There is an identified need for research capable of enhancing understanding of effective practice in the embedding of Education for Sustainability (EfS) in Initial Early Childhood Teacher education (IECTE). Research further finds that innovative teaching strategies are needed to build new teachers’ capacity to prepare future citizens to manage critical sustainability challenges. This study meets this need by investigating how EfS is implemented in two IECTE programmes at two Swedish universities where EfS is embedded throughout the years of study, and the learning students demonstrate at the end of the programmes in relation to EfS. Findings reveal that students demonstrate a range of understandings related to EfS and the role of the early childhood teacher in EfS. Findings further suggest there is an overall need to deepen IECTE students’ EfS theoretical and pedagogical content knowledge to enable them to close a gap between the theory and teaching of EfS in early childhood education settings.

This case study adopted a mixed methods approach to understanding how and why the free early childhood education (ECE) policy in Nanjing, China, was formulated, implemented, and failed, using the “policy cycle” framework. Many countries have implemented the free ECE policy to solve affordability and accessibility problems without considering policy sustainability; thus, they have to discontinue the policy. Nanjing is no exception. Altogether 232 kindergarten principals and teaching/research staff were randomly sampled and surveyed, and 5 kindergarten principals and 5 teaching/researcher staff were interviewed. The results indicated that there were many obstacles to the policy’s sustainability, including conflict of interest, inefficient policy implementation, insufficient funding, and more social inequality issues. Additionally, the policymakers made mistakes in the five domains of the policy cycle: the context of influence, the context of policy text production, the context of practice, the context of outcomes, and the context of political strategy. Finally, the three important lessons for a more sustainable policy decision process are discussed.

Early childhood education is crucial for the development of young children’s understanding of the natural world. Children have a role in sustaining a viable environmental and social future. This research interrogated key ideas concerning STEM education for sustainable development, drawing on seminal research and a range of government policy documents to formulate a futures-oriented approach to supporting children to build understandings in early childhood sustainability. Through the use of ethnography, a research methodology that uses both participation and observation of research participants, it became apparent that young children’s play-based learning enabled agentic responses in aligning with early understanding of STEM and sustainability. Using accepted descriptors of international Sustainable Development Goals within an early childhood research study, the research highlights how the development of interactive, learner-centred STEM teaching not only enables investigative, action-adapted learning, but also fosters independent learners who are responsive to their natural environment. The implication of this research is that further development of children’s environmental agency is suggested by the authors. The introduction of a whole-of-kindergarten approach that focuses on the systemic development of quality STEM education is posited as an avenue for educators to build young children’s understandings of sustainable development.

Resumo: É um estudo que se justifica pela premente necessidade de abordar o tema sustentabilidade e reciclagem cada vez mais cedo no âmbito escolar, aproximando os pequenos estudantes de sua responsabilidade para com a Natureza e o Planeta Terra. O objetivo geral deste estudo é discutir o tema em pauta para aproximá-lo da realidade cotidiana da sala de aula, não só na Educação Infantil, como é a proposta, mas de todos os níveis educacionais. Quanto aos objetivos específicos lista-se: conceituar sustentabilidade e reciclagem, estudar a história da educação ambiental e analisar as forma lúdicas de ensino-aprendizagem. Traz como problema da pesquisa: De que forma aproximar as crianças da Educação Infantil da questão da sustentabilidade e da reciclagem. Sendo uma das hipóteses, despertá-las por meio de uma educação lúdica e atrativa. Em termos metodológicos trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa, elaborada a partir de livros, artigos, periódicos e demais materiais em meio físico e eletrônico. Considera-se ao concluir o estudo que não há dúvida quanto a importância de se abordar o tema em pauta já no início da vida escolar das crianças, pois desta forma se formará cidadãos e cidadãs cônscios de suas responsabilidades e deveres para com o meio ambiente. Palavras-Chave: Sustentabilidade. Reciclagem. Meio Ambiente. Educação Infantil. Abstract: It is a study that is justified by the pressing need to address the issue of sustainability and recycling at an earlier age in the school environment, bringing young students closer to their responsibility towards Nature and Planet Earth. The general objective of this study is to discuss the topic at hand to bring it closer to the everyday reality of the classroom, not only in Early Childhood Education, as proposed, but at all educational levels. As for the specific objectives listed conceptualize sustainability and recycling, study the history of environmental education and analyze the playful forms of teaching-learning. It brings as a research problem: How to bring children in Early Childhood Education closer to the issue of sustainability and recycling. One of the hypotheses is to awaken them through a playful and attractive education. In methodological terms, it is a bibliographical, qualitative research, elaborated from books, articles, periodicals and other materials in physical and electronic media. When concluding the study, it is considered that there is no doubt about the importance of addressing the topic in question at the beginning of the children's school life, as this will form citizens aware of their responsibilities and duties towards the environment. Keywords: Sustainability. Recycling. Environment. Child education.

The original research project of this study was aimed to find out the components of culture and their impacts on ako (teaching-learning) within the early childhood teacher education programmes. Ethics Approval was obtained from AUT Ethics Committee. Under a socio-cultural theoretical framework, twelve lecturers from three Tertiary Education Organisations (TEOs) were interviewed. Three cohorts of student teachers from the same TEOs participated in focus groups. Using manual thematic coding, nine broad areas of cultural components were identified. These were bicultural contexts of Aotearoa, ethnicities and multi-culturalism, individual identities, cross-cultural interactions, comfort zone, female majority, socio-economic struggles, spirituality and technology. A recently developed framework for cultural sustainability (Soini and Dessein, 2016) were applied to these areas. Some of these components were identified as more inert and less dynamic, while the rest were recognised at the other end of the framework.The data and the principle findings were contextual to Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the discussion considered the overall global trends in relation to education.Keywords: Cultural diversity, cultural sustainability,

COVID-19 lockdowns forced universities to deliver classes wholly online, resulting in various impacts on higher teacher education institutions (TEIs) that were differently prepared for such a change. However, few studies have explored the impact of the pandemic on the shift of early childhood teacher education programs to online delivery, especially from a cross-national comparative perspective. To address this gap, this study compared how early childhood teacher educators (ECTEs) in one Australian and one Chinese TEI viewed and coped with the challenges caused by online teaching during the lockdowns. A total of 14 ECTEs participated in this triangulated qualitative study: six from the Australian TEI and eight from the Chinese TEI. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results indicated that the Australian ECTEs were better prepared for online education than their Chinese counterparts regarding proficiency and advance in using online teaching platforms, trying different kinds of teaching styles, and their online teaching skills, literacy, and competence. However, the coded data showed that the participant Australian and Chinese ECTEs shared similar views on the negative impact of the change, such as producing ineffective interaction, broken social-emotional connections, heavier workloads, and drained staff. The findings suggest that TEIs from Australia and China need to develop contextually appropriate strategies and innovative solutions to cope with the lockdown challenges.

The sustainable development of early childhood institutions in aging China calls for the sustainable development of early childhood teachers, which should attend to the balanced development between male and female teachers. Yet this issue has not been adequately investigated in the literature. To fill this research gap, this study explored the gender differences in Chinese early childhood (EC) teachers’ professional identity (PI) and emotional labor strategies. Altogether, 250 teachers (146 female and 104 male, Mage= 30.28 years, SD = 7.81) from Southern China were sampled and surveyed. First, the independent samples t-tests revealed significant gender differences in teachers’ PI, deep acting, and surface acting. Second, the structural equation modelling results demonstrated that PI fully mediated the relationship between teacher educational attainment, years of teaching experience, and natural and deep acting. Third, multigroup analysis confirmed different mediation paths for female and male teachers. These findings suggest that male and female early childhood teachers differed in their sense of PI and use of emotional labor strategies. Therefore, future policymaking efforts should design and implement teacher professional development (PD) programs and teacher support mechanisms catering to male EC teachers’ needs, characteristics, and difficulties in the Chinese EC workforce.

In the search for sustainable development, in which the ecological footprint is carefully considered by consumers and companies, teachers play an important role within a social and economic framework. This role relates to aspects of social responsibility. It should involve knowledge about education for responsible consumption in order to care for the environment both individually and socially. Considering this, the aim of this study is to find out whether there are differences in the level of awareness and the habits of future teachers of Early Childhood and Primary Education regarding sustainable social responsibility. A non-probabilistic sample of 30 Early Childhood Education degree students and 22 Primary Education degree students was used. Semi-structured interviews and an inductive process were conducted to examine the importance of Sustainable Development in society, the relevance of Social Responsibility for Sustainable Development (individual versus corporate), the attitudes and habits relative to Sustainable Development and the education on Sustainable Development in schools: knowledge, attitudes, and proposals. Students agree that they consume excessively. This is everyone’s individual responsibility (as regarded by all participants), although changes could be supported by institutions and companies (Early Childhood education students argue in favour of corporate responsibility). Knowledge deficits were identified in relation to production, distribution, and sale processes. They consider education to be the main factor for sustainability, while society is ranked as the least important, observing an evident disagreement in relation to environmental and economic factors (perception of collective responsibility; Early Childhood versus Primary Education students). Finally, they also outline teaching proposals (active and participatory) to foster education for sustainable development at schools.

Higher levels of material well-being lead almost inevitably to giving priority to individualism and personal advancement, often at the expense of civic conscience. A proposal for integrating sustainability into the curriculum is presented in the third year of the degree in Early Childhood Education at the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC). Projects on sustainable food are planned and elaborated to this aim. This study seeks to apply a global and systemic approach to solving socio-environmental problems and to check whether education for sustainable development (ESD) helps to develop and encourage actions that promote sustainable development. Quantitative research was conducted using a pre-test/post-test quasi experimental design separated by a period of didactic training in the project method. The results presented in this article show the students’ sustainability competencies (SC) improve after working on didactic proposals in a global manner. It is concluded that elaborating competencies in education for sustainable development enables an integrated approach of knowledge, procedures, attitudes and values in teaching through promoting the project method in multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams, which enhances future teachers’ sustainability competencies.

This study aims to identify the set of elements in the educational process that affect the creation of a teaching profile consistent with the principles of sustainability. In this research, we focus on identifying those sustainability attributes related to understanding social interaction and its role in the learning process of logical-mathematical knowledge. Social interaction is an essential part of the principle of collaboration. The study participants were 133 future teachers, students of the degree in Early Childhood Education at the Universidad de Cádiz (Spain). Qualitative methods and techniques were used to collect data, and mixed methods and techniques were employed for their analysis. The data relating to the student’s perception of the importance of social interaction in learning were gathered through the final reports produced by the students. The data were processed by classifying them into categories and subcategories. The meaning condensation method used enabled identifying 33 sustainability attributes linked to socio-cultural learning. Those attributes identify and describe the internal dynamics of cooperative learning and show the synergies and interrelationships between social interactions, socio-cognitive conflict and language. The results stress the importance of a meaningful understanding of the role of social interaction in learning in order to promote the principles of sustainability.

Curriculum material is generally considered the subject matter of information, talents, dispositions, understandings, and principles that make up research programs in the field. At a more complex level, the curricula need to contain historical and socio-political strengths, traditions, cultural views, and goals with wide differences in sovereignty, adaptation, and local understanding that encompass a diversity of cultures, laws, metaphysics, and political discourse This study aims to develop a curriculum with local content as a new approach in early childhood science learning. The Local Content Curriculum (LCC) is compiled and developed to preserve the uniqueness of local culture, natural environment, and community crafts for early childhood teachers so that they can introduce local content to early childhood. Research and model development combines the design of the Dick-Carey and Dabbagh models with qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that local content curriculum products can be supplemented into early childhood curricula in institutions according to local conditions. Curricula with local content can be used as a reinforcement for the introduction of science in early childhood. The research implication demands the concern of all stakeholders to see that the introduction of local content is very important to be given from an early age, so that children know, get used to, like, maintain, and love local wealth from an early age. Keywords: Early Childhood, Scientific Learning, Local Content Curriculum Model References: Agustin, R. S., & Puro, S. (2015). Strategy Of Curriculum Development Based On Project Based Learning (Case Study: SMAN 1 Tanta Tanjung Tabalong South Of Kalimantan ) Halaman : Prosiding Ictte Fkip Uns, 1, 202–206. Agustina, N. Q., & Mukhtaruddin, F. (2019). The Cipp Model-Based Evaluation on Integrated English Learning (IEL) Program at Language Center. 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The existing literature has established the effects of emotional labor on teachers’ wellbeing indicators and teaching efficacy, leaving its impact on students’ outcomes unexplored. Following Grandey’s integrative model of emotional labor and social-emotional learning (SEL) framework, this study explored the relationship between teachers’ emotional labor, teaching efficacy, and young children’s social-emotional development and learning in early childhood settings. Thirteen preschools were recruited through stratified random sampling in Shenzhen, China. Altogether, 49 classrooms were involved, and three teachers and six children were sampled from each classroom, resulting in a sample of 124 teachers and 241 children. Teachers’ emotional labor strategy, sense of efficacy, and children’s social-emotional development and learning were surveyed. Structural equation modeling has confirmed that teachers’ natural and surface acting predicted their teaching efficacy. Bootstrapped mediation analysis revealed that the mediation paths from teachers’ emotional labor to children’s learning approaches and social-emotional development varied significantly for teachers in different positions. The study implies that different guidelines and training are needed for teachers in different positions to help them cope with varied emotional labor at work and promote their teaching efficacy for young children’s better development.

The introduction of basic computer media for early childhood is very important because it is one of the skills that children need in this century. Need to support parents and teachers in developing the implementation of the use of computer technology at home or at school. This study aims to determine and understand the state of learning conducted based on technology. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study model. This study involved 15 children and 5 parents. Data obtained through interviews (children and parents) and questionnaires for parents. The results showed that children who were introduced to and taught basic computers earlier became more skilled in learning activities. Suggestions for further research to be more in-depth both qualitatively and quantitatively explore the use of the latest technology to prepare future generations who have 21st century skills. Keywords: Parental Perspective; Computer Learning; Early childhood education References: Alkhawaldeh, M., Hyassat, M., Al-Zboon, E., & Ahmad, J. (2017). The Role of Computer Technology in Supporting Children’s Learning in Jordanian Early Years Education. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 31(3), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2017.1319444 Ariputra. (2018). Need Assessment of Learning Inclusive Program for Students in Non-formal Early Childhood. Early Childhood Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.23917/ecrj.v1i1.6582 Atkinson, K., & Biegun, L. (2017). An Uncertain Tale: Alternative Conceptualizations of Pedagogical Leadership. Journal of Childhood Studies. Aubrey, C., & Dahl, S. (2014). The confidence and competence in information and communication technologies of practitioners, parents and young children in the Early Years Foundation Stage. Early Years, 34(1), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2013.792789 Barenthien, J., Oppermann, E., Steffensky, M., & Anders, Y. (2019). Early science education in preschools – the contribution of professional development and professional exchange in team meetings. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1080/1350293X.2019.1651937, https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2019.1651937 Bredekamp, S., & Copple, C. (2009). Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8. Chen, R. S., & Tu, C. C. (2018). Parents’ attitudes toward the perceived usefulness of Internet-related instruction in preschools. Social Psychology of Education, 21(2), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9424-8 Christensen, R. (2002). Effects of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and students. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34(4), 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2002.10782359 Couse, L. J., & Chen, D. W. (2010). A tablet computer for young children? Exploring its viability for early childhood education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(1), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782562 Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research(4th ed.; P. A. Smith, Ed.). Boston: Pearson. Davis, J. M. (2014). environmental education and the future. (May). https://doi.org/10.1023/A Dhieni, N., Hartati, S., & Wulan, S. (2019). Evaluation of Content Curriculum in Kindergarten. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/JPUD.131.06 Dong, C., & Newman, L. (2016). Ready, steady … pause: integrating ICT into Shanghai preschools. International Journal of Early Years Education, 24(2), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2016.1144048 Dunn, J., Gray, C., Moffett, P., & Mitchell, D. (2018). ‘It’s more funner than doing work’: Children’s perspectives on using tablet computers in the early years of school. Early Child Development and Care, 188(6), 819–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1238824 Hadzigianni, M., & Margetts, K. (2014). Parents’ Beliefs and Evaluations of Young Children’s Computer Use. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/doi/pdf/10.1177/183693911403900415 Huda, M., Hehsan, A., Jasmi, K. A., Mustari, M. I., Shahrill, M., Basiron, B., & Gassama, S. K. (2017). Empowering children with adaptive technology skills: Careful engagement in the digital information age. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(3), 693–708. Ihmeideh, F. (2010). The role of computer technology in teaching reading and writing: Preschool teachers’ beliefs and practices. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540903439409 Jack, C., & Higgins, S. (2018). What is educational technology and how is it being used to support teaching and learning in the early years ? International Journal of Early Years Education, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2018.1504754 Janisse, H. C., Li, X., Bhavnagri, N. P., Esposito, C., & Stanton, B. (2018). A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Computers on the Cognitive Development of Low-Income African American Preschool Children. Early Education and Development, 29(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2017.1399000 Karjalainen.S., A., Pu, E. H., & Maija, A. (2019). Dialogues of Joy: Shared Moments of Joy Between Teachers and Children in Early Childhood Education Settings. International Journal of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-019-00244-5 Kerckaert, S., Vanderlinde, R., & van Braak, J. (2015). The role of ICT in early childhood education: Scale development and research on ICT use and influencing factors. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 23(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2015.1016804 Ko, K. (2014). The Use of Technology in Early Childhood Classrooms: An Investigation of Teachers’ Attitudes. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(3), 807–819. Kong, S. C. (2018). Parents’ perceptions of e-learning in school education: implications for the partnership between schools and parents. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 27(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2017.1317659 Livingstone, S. (2012). Critical reflections on the benefits of ICT in education. Oxford Review of Education, 38(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2011.577938 Martin, E., R. Alvarez, Pablo, D., Haya, A., Fernández‐Gaullés, Cristina, … Quintanar, H. (2018). Impact of using interactive devices in Spanish early childhoodeducation public schools. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. McCloskey, M., Johnson, S. L., Benz, C., Thompson, D. A., Chamberlin, B., Clark, L., & Bellows, L. L. (2018). Parent Perceptions of Mobile Device Use Among Preschool-Aged Children in Rural Head Start Centers. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(1), 83-89.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.03.006 McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: Parent Distraction With Technology and Associations With Child Behavior Problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12822 Nikolopoulou, K., & Gialamas, V. (2015). ICT and play in preschool: early childhood teachers’ beliefs and confidence. International Journal of Early Years Education, 23(4), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2015.1078727 Nolan, J., & McBride, M. (2014). Beyond gamification: reconceptualizing game-based learning in early childhood environments. Information Communication and Society, 17(5), 594–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.808365 Paciga, K. A., Lisy, J. G., & Teale, W. H. (2013). Better Start Before Kindergarten: computer Technology, Interactive Media and the Education of Preschoolers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, 85–104. Palaiologou, I. (2016). Children under five and digital technologies: implications for early years pedagogy. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2014.929876 Plowman, L. (2015). Researching young children’s everyday uses of technology in the family home. Interacting with Computers, 27(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwu031 Plowman, L., & McPake, J. (2013). Seven Myths About Young Children and Technology. Childhood Education, 89(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.757490 Sageide, B. M. (2016). Norwegian early childhood teachers’ stated use of subject-related activities with children, and their focus on science, technology, environmental issues and sustainability. International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education. https://doi.org/11250/2435060/955-11623-1-PB Tate, T. P., Warschauer, M., & Kim, Y. S. G. (2019). Learning to compose digitally: the effect of prior computer use and keyboard activity on NAEP writing. Reading and Writing, 32(8), 2059–2082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-019-09940-z Theodotou, E. (2010). Using Computers in Early Years Education: What Are the Effects on Children’s Development? Some Suggestions Concerning Beneficial Computer Practice. Online Submission, (December). UNESCO. Rethinking Education. Towards a global common good. , (2015). Vartuli, S., Bolz, C., & Wilson, C. (2014). A Learning Combination: Coaching with CLASS and the Project Approach. Early Childhood Research & Practice Journal, 1–16. Vittrup, B., Snider, S., Rose, K. K., & Rippy, J. (2016). Parental perceptions of the role of media and technology in their young children’s lives. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 14(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X14523749 Waal, E. D. (2019). Fundamental Movement Skills and Academic Performance of 5- to 6-Year-Old Preschoolers. Early Childhood Education Journal, 455–456. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00936-6 Wang, Q. (2008). A generic model for guiding the integration of ICT into teaching and learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45(4), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290802377307 Wolfe, S., & Flewitt, R. (2010). New technologies, new multimodal literacy practices and young children’s metacognitive development. Cambridge Journal of Education, 40(4), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2010.526589 YurtaNılgün, Ö., & Kalburan, C. (2011). Early childhood teachers’ thoughts and practices about the use of computers in early childhood education. Early Childhood Educaiton: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Yusmawati, & Lubis, J. (2019). The Implementation of Curriculum by Using Motion Pattern. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/JPUD.131.14

Resilience is a personal characteristic or trait that is revealed in situations in which the individual shows high adaptation mechanisms. It is not a state of stress immunity but the ability to adapt to different circumstances. This characteristic is highly important for future teachers and their teaching activities. To analyze resilience levels of future teachers of nursery, primary and secondary education. First, this study is ainstrumental research carried out to revalidate the CD-RISC (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) for teachers in training, and second, based on the foregoing results, it is a non-experimental empirical study. The participants were 373 students of degrees in Early Childhood Education, Primary Education, and a Master’s Degree in Secondary Education from two Spanish Universities and a Chilean university. Exploratory and a confirmatory factorial analysis were sequentially used to identify the number and composition of factors, and central tendency and dispersion tests, analysis of variance, and effect size were calculated. The programs and statistical tests used were SPSS.22, FACTOR.10.8.01, M-Plus.7.3, and G*Power 3.1.9.2. The instrumental research revealed a bifactorial distribution, resistant personality, resources and control. Females, older individuals, and those who attend primary education showed higher resilience levels than males, younger people, and children in early childhood education.

STEAM-based learning is a global issue in early-childhood education practice. STEAM content becomes an integrative thematic approach as the main pillar of learning in kindergarten. This study aims to develop a conceptual and practical approach in the implementation of children's education by applying a modification from STEAM Learning to R-SLAMET. The research used a qualitative case study method with data collection through focus group discussions (FGD), involving early-childhood educator's research participants (n = 35), interviews, observation, document analysis such as videos, photos and portfolios. The study found several ideal categories through the use of narrative data analysis techniques. The findings show that educators gain an understanding of the change in learning orientation from competency indicators to play-based learning. Developing thematic play activities into continuum playing scenarios. STEAM learning content modification (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) to R-SLAMETS content (Religion, Science, Literacy, Art, Math, Engineering, Technology and Social study) in daily class activity. Children activities with R-SLAMETS content can be developed based on an integrative learning flow that empowers loose part media with local materials learning resources. Keyword: STEAM to R-SLAMETS, Early Childhood Education, Integrative Thematic Learning References Ali, E., Kaitlyn M, C., Hussain, A., & Akhtar, Z. (2018). the Effects of Play-Based Learning on Early Childhood Education and Development. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 7(43), 4682–4685. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/1044 Ata Aktürk, A., & Demircan, O. (2017). A Review of Studies on STEM and STEAM Education in Early Childhood. Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty, 18(2), 757–776. Azizah, W. A., Sarwi, S., & Ellianawati, E. (2020). Implementation of Project -Based Learning Model (PjBL) Using STREAM-Based Approach in Elementary Schools. Journal of Primary Education, 9(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpe.v9i3.39950 Badmus, O. (2018). Evolution of STEM, STEAM and STREAM Education in Africa: The Implication of the Knowledge Gap. In Contemporary Issues in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics Teacher Education in Nigeria. Björklund, C., & Ahlskog-Björkman, E. (2017). Approaches to teaching in thematic work: early childhood teachers’ integration of mathematics and art. International Journal of Early Years Education, 25(2), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2017.1287061 Broadhead, P. (2003). Early Years Play and Learning. In Early Years Play and Learning. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203465257 Canning, N. (2010). The influence of the outdoor environment: Den-making in three different contexts. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 18(4), 555–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2010.525961 Clapp, E. P., Solis, S. L., Ho, C. K. N., & Sachdeva, A. R. (2019). Complicating STEAM: A Critical Look at the Arts in the STEAM Agenda. Encyclopedia of Educational Innovation, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2262-4_54-1 Colucci, L., Burnard, P., Cooke, C., Davies, R., Gray, D., & Trowsdale, J. (2017). Reviewing the potential and challenges of developing STEAM education through creative pedagogies for 21st learning: how can school curricula be broadened towards a more responsive, dynamic, and inclusive form of education? BERA Research Commission, August, 1–105. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22452.76161 Conradty, C., & Bogner, F. X. (2018). From STEM to STEAM: How to Monitor Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 30(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2018.1488195 Conradty, C., & Bogner, F. X. (2019). From STEM to STEAM: Cracking the Code? How Creativity & Motivation Interacts with Inquiry-based Learning. Creativity Research Journal, 31(3), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2019.1641678 Cook, K. L., & Bush, S. B. (2018). Design thinking in integrated STEAM learning: Surveying the landscape and exploring exemplars in elementary grades. School Science and Mathematics, 118(3–4), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12268 Costantino, T. (2018). STEAM by another name: Transdisciplinary practice in art and design education. Arts Education Policy Review, 119(2), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632913.2017.1292973 Danniels, E., & Pyle, A. (2018). Defining Play-based Learning. In Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development (Play-Based, Issue February, pp. 1–5). OISE University of Toronto. DeJarnette, N. K. (2018). Implementing STEAM in the Early Childhood Classroom. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/3878 Dell’Erba, M. (2019). Policy Considerations for STEAM Education. Policy Brief, 1–10. Doyle, K. (2019). The languages and literacies of the STEAM content areas. Literacy Learning: The Middle Years, 27(1), 38–50. http://proxy.libraries.smu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=133954204&site=ehost-live&scope=site Edwards, S. (2017). Play-based learning and intentional teaching: Forever different? Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 42(2), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.01 Faas, S., Wu, S.-C., & Geiger, S. (2017). The Importance of Play in Early Childhood Education: A Critical Perspective on Current Policies and Practices in Germany and Hong Kong. Global Education Review, 4(2), 75–91. Fesseha, E., & Pyle, A. (2016). Conceptualising play-based learning from kindergarten teachers’ perspectives. International Journal of Early Years Education, 24(3), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2016.1174105 Finch, C. R., Frantz, N. R., Mooney, M., & Aneke, N. O. (1997). Designing the Thematic Curriculum: An All Aspects Approach MDS-956. 97. Gess, A. H. (2019). STEAM Education. STEAM Education, November, 2011–2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04003-1 Gronlund, G. (n.d.). “ Addressing Standards through Play-Based Learning in Preschool and Kindergarten .” Gronlund, G. (2015). Planning for Play-Based Curriculum Based on Individualized Goals to Help Each Child Thrive in Preschool and Kindergarten Gaye Gronlund. Gull, C., Bogunovich, J., Goldstein, S. L., & Rosengarten, T. (2019). Definitions of Loose Parts in Early Childhood Outdoor Classrooms: A Scoping Review. The International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(3), 37–52. Hapidin, Pujianti, Y., Hartati, S., Nurani, Y., & Dhieni, N. (2020). The continuous professional development for early childhood teachers through lesson study in implementing play based curriculum (case study in Jakarta, Indonesia). International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(10), 17–25. Hennessey, P. (2016). Full – Day Kindergarten Play-Based Learning : Promoting a Common Understanding. Education and Early Childhood Development, April, 1–76. gov.nl.ca/edu Henriksen, D. (2017). Creating STEAM with Design Thinking: Beyond STEM and Arts Integration. Steam, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20170301.11 Inglese, P., Barbera, G., La Mantia, T., On, P., Presentation, T., Reid, R., Vasa, S. F., Maag, J. W., Wright, G., Irsyadi, F. Y. Al, Nugroho, Y. S., Cutter-Mackenzie, A., Edwards, S., Moore, D., Boyd, W., Miller, E., Almon, J., Cramer, S. C., Wilkes-Gillan, S., … Halperin, J. M. (2014). Young Children’s Play and Environmental Education in Early Childhood Education. PLoS ONE, 2(3), 9–25. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.106 Jacman, H. (2012). Early Education Curriculum. Pedagogical Development Unit, FEBRUARY 2011, 163. https://www.eursc.eu/Syllabuses/2011-01-D-15-en-4.pdf Jay, J. A., & Knaus, M. (2018). Embedding play-based learning into junior primary (Year 1 and 2) Curriculum in WA. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n1.7 Kennedy, A., & Barblett, L. (2010). Supporting the Early Years Learning Framework. Research in Practise Series, 17(3), 1–12. Keung, C. P. C., & Cheung, A. C. K. (2019). Towards Holistic Supporting of Play-Based Learning Implementation in Kindergartens: A Mixed Method Study. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47(5), 627–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00956-2 Keung, C. P. C., & Fung, C. K. H. (2020). Exploring kindergarten teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in the development of play-based learning. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(2), 244–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1724656 Krogh, S., & Morehouse, P. (2014). The Early Childhood Curriculum : Inquiry Learning Through Integration. Liao, C. (2016). From Interdisciplinary to Transdisciplinary: An Arts-Integrated Approach to STEAM Education. Art Education, 69(6), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2016.1224873 Lillard, A. S., Lerner, M. D., Hopkins, E. J., Dore, R. A., Smith, E. D., & Palmquist, C. M. (2013). The impact of pretend play on children’s development: A review of the evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029321 Maxwell, L. E., Mitchell, M. R., & Evans, G. W. (2008). Effects of Play Equipment and Loose Parts on Preschool Children’s Outdoor Play Behavior: An Observational Study and Design Intervention. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(2), 37–63. McLaughlin, T., & Cherrington, S. (2018). Creating a rich curriculum through intentional teaching. Early Childhood Folio, 22(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.18296/ecf.0050 Mengmeng, Z., Xiantong, Y., & Xinghua, W. (2019). Construction of STEAM Curriculum Model and Case Design in Kindergarten. American Journal of Educational Research, 7(7), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-7-8 Milara, I. S., Pitkänen, K., Laru, J., Iwata, M., Orduña, M. C., & Riekki, J. (2020). STEAM in Oulu: Scaffolding the development of a Community of Practice for local educators around STEAM and digital fabrication. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 26, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2020.100197 Moomaw, S. (2012). STEM Begins in the Early Years. School Science and Mathematics, 112(2), 57–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00119.x Peng, Q. (2017). Study on Three Positions Framing Kindergarten Play-Based Curriculum in China: Through Analyses of the Attitudes of Teachers to Early Linguistic Education. Studies in English Language Teaching, 5(3), 543. https://doi.org/10.22158/selt.v5n3p543 Pyle, A., & Bigelow, A. (2015). Play in Kindergarten: An Interview and Observational Study in Three Canadian Classrooms. Early Childhood Education Journal, 43(5), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-014-0666-1 Pyle, A., & Danniels, E. (2017). A Continuum of Play-Based Learning: The Role of the Teacher in Play-Based Pedagogy and the Fear of Hijacking Play. Early Education and Development, 28(3), 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1220771 Quigley, C. F., Herro, D., & Jamil, F. M. (2017). Developing a Conceptual Model of STEAM Teaching Practices. School Science and Mathematics, 117(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12201 Ridgers, N. D., Knowles, Z. R., & Sayers, J. (2012). Encouraging play in the natural environment: A child-focused case study of Forest School. Children’s Geographies, 10(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2011.638176 Ridwan, A., Rahmawati, Y., & Hadinugrahaningsih, T. (2017). Steam Integration in Chemistry Learning for Developing 21st Century Skills. MIER Journail of Educational Studies, Trends & Practices, 7(2), 184–194. Rolling, J. H. (2016). Reinventing the STEAM Engine for Art + Design Education. Art Education, 69(4), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2016.1176848 Sancar-Tokmak, H. (2015). The effect of curriculum-generated play instruction on the mathematics teaching efficacies of early childhood education pre-service teachers. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 23(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2013.788315 Sawangmek, S. (2019). Trends and Issues on STEM and STEAM Education in Early Childhood. Képzés És Gyakorlat, 17(2019/3-4), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.17165/tp.2019.3-4.8 Science, A. I. (n.d.). STEM Project-Based Learning. Spencer, R., Joshi, N., Branje, K., Lee McIsaac, J., Cawley, J., Rehman, L., FL Kirk, S., & Stone, M. (2019). Educator perceptions on the benefits and challenges of loose parts play in the outdoor environments of childcare centres. AIMS Public Health, 6(4), 461–476. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2019.4.461 Taylor, J., Bond, E., & Woods, M. (2018). A Multidisciplinary and Holistic Introduction. Varun A. (2014). Thematic Approach for Effective Communication in Early Childhood Education Thematic Approach for effective communication in ECCE. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research (IJEPR), 3(3), 49–51. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289868193 Wang, X., Xu, W., & Guo, L. (2018). The status quo and ways of STEAM education promoting China’s future social sustainable development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124417 Whitebread, D. D. (2012). The Importance of Play. Toy Industries of Europe, April, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2015.27.438-441 Wong, S. M., Wang, Z., & Cheng, D. (2011). A play-based curriculum: Hong Kong children’s perception of play and non-play. International Journal of Learning, 17(10), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v17i10/47298 Zosh, J. M., Hopkins, E. J., Jensen, H., Liu, C., Neale, D., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Whitebread, Solis, S. L., & David. (2017). Learning through play : a review of the evidence (Issue November). The LEGO Foundation.

The Spanish educational system has heterogeneous and diverse students that have increasing learning needs. All this has forced it to reinvent itself, designing and applying a model of inclusive education that serves to offer a higher quality educational response to these students. One of the main pillars for achieving this challenge is the teaching staff. The aim of this study is to evaluate the training and attitudes of future teachers to work in inclusive educational environments. The present research had a sample of 245 future teachers in the degrees of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education, who answered the Teacher Training Evaluation Questionnaire for Inclusion (CEFI-R), specific to the object of study. As the main conclusions, we obtained that the perception of future teachers towards the concept of inclusion is positive and that the training they receive is adequate, although there is room for improvement. However, there is a need to adjust the curriculum, increase the period of practice and better coordinate the actions of the members involved in the educational process.

Digital storytelling is often used in various contexts today, especially in the world of education. Many educators have followed this trend in early childhood education (ECE). This study examines the application of digital storytelling in ECE in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) a method, this research is a qualitative approach which is also known as a meta-synthesis. The literature reviewed was 15 articles from 56 articles that researchers found in the Google Scholar database. The results show that digital storytelling serves as an important method and medium to ensure children's learning experiences are enjoyable. In general, it is used in ECE in Indonesia through simple technology. This technology can enhance a story or fairy tale by making it more fun, interesting, communicative, and dramatic. However, the findings of this review of studies and methodological gaps have implications for ECE policy, practice, and research in Indonesia. Keywords: digital storytelling, early childhood education, storytelling trend in Indonesia References: Agosto, D. E. (2016). Why storytelling matters: Unveiling the literacy benefits of storytelling. Children and Libraries, 14(2), 21–26. Ahmad, I. F. (2022). Urgensi Literasi Digital di Indonesia pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14421/njpi.2022.v2i1-1 Aisha, I., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2021). Digital Storytelling Intervention on Prosocial Behavior Improvement among Early Childhood. Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 7(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v7i2.5713 Boltman, A., & Druin, A. (2001). Children’s storytelling technologies. Differences in Elaboration and Recall. Chambers, G. J., & Yunus, M. M. (2017). Enhancing Learners’ Sentence Constructions via ‘Wheel of Grammar’. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 25(4). Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay, P., & Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in education—A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 8, 80–91. Demirbaş, İ., & Şahin, A. (2020). A Systemic Analysis of Research on Digital Storytelling in Turkey. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(4), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.268.4 Dixon-Woods, M. (2010). Systematic reviews and qualitative methods. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method, and Practice. 3rd Edn. London: Sage, 331–346. Egan, K. (1989). Teaching as storytelling: An alternative approach to teaching and curriculum in the elementary school. University of Chicago Press. Gagné, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1988). Principles of Instructional Design. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dAsmAQAAIAAJ Gough, D. (2007). Weight of evidence: A framework for the appraisal of the quality and relevance of evidence. Research Papers in Education, 22(2), 213–228. Karlina, D. N., Widiastuti, A. A., & Soesilo, T. D. (2018). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Tk B Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Digital Storytelling di TK Apple Kids Salatiga. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21009//jpud.121.01 Kearney, M., Jones, G., & Roberts, L. (2012). An Emerging Learning Design for Student-Generated" iVideos". Teaching English with Technology, 12(2), 103–121. Kogila, M., Ibrahim, A. B., & Zulkifli, C. Z. (2020). A Powerful of Digital Storytelling to Support Education and Key Elements from Various Experts. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 9(2), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v9-i2/7483 Maghfiroh, Suarjana, I. M., & Astawan, I. G. (2020). Pengembangan Media Video Wayang Kreasi Untuk Mendukung Pembelajaran Storytelling Anak Kelompok B Tk Kristen Harapan Denpasar. Indonesian Journal of Instruction, 1(2), 66–75. Malik, M., Altaf, F., & Gull, M. (2020). Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching through Storytelling and Play-Way Method at Early childhood Education Level. Global Educational Studies Review, V(III), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(v-iii).16 Manullang, D., Banjarnahor, H., & Simanjuntak, L. (2021). Developing Digital Story Telling and Educational Games to Improve Early Childhood Cognitive Ability. 6th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2021), 591(Aisteel), 710–718. Maureen, I. Y., van der Meij, H., & de Jong, T. (2018). Supporting Literacy and Digital Literacy Development in Early Childhood Education Using Storytelling Activities. International Journal of Early Childhood, 50(3), 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-018-0230-z Maureen, I. Y., van der Meij, H., & de Jong, T. (2020). Enhancing Storytelling Activities to Support Early (Digital) Literacy Development in Early Childhood Education. 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Digitales: The art of telling digital stories. Bernajean Porter. Psomos, P., & Kordaki, M. (2015). A novel educational digital storytelling tool focusing on students’ misconceptions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 82–86. Pusparina, I., Maria, I., & Norfitri, R. (2020). The Effectiveness of Religious Music and Digital Storytelling on the Level of Cooperativeness and Pain in Children During Invasive Treatment (Children’s Room, Zalecha Local Hospital, Martapura). Jurnal Ners, 15(2), 86–90. Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021). Storytelling in early childhood education: Time to go digital. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-021-00081-x Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital storytelling: A powerful technology tool for the 21st century classroom. Theory into Practice, 47(3), 220–228. Robin, B. R., & McNeil, S. G. (2019). Digital Storytelling. The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy, 1–8. Rosyidah, A., & Putri, A. (2019). 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Background: Planetary Health is a transdisciplinary area that needs to be part of the curriculum of students at all levels of education, starting from basic education with early childhood education. The present work aims to discuss the perceptions of basic education teachers from a riverside school on Planetary Health issues, in addition to knowing the environmental context of communities and/or riverside schools in the Brazilian State of Amazonas. Methods: The data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with rural education teachers from the south of the state of Amazonas. For the data analysis, we opted for the content analysis (Bardin, 2009) with the support of the N-Vivo software - version 1.5. Results: The results indicated the main environmental problems related to anthropogenic actions in the community and school, in which the following questions stood out: garbage disposal in the river, mineral extraction, lack of basic sanitation, and the predominance of ultra-processed foods in school meals. On the other hand, teachers pointed out the great potential of rural schools to promote the consciousness of children and adolescents on Planetary Health themes. Conclusion: Primary school teachers in rural Amazonia are in contact with a rich source for the creation of teaching materials on PH for students, in view of the importance of the inclusion of PH themes in the formative trajectory of children and adolescents in the basic education curriculum. These experiences provide knowledge about the reality of riverside schools, local traditional issues, environmental sustainability, and the changes occurring in ecosystems, especially in the Amazon.

Although early childhood education is crucial for development, it is considered less important than other educational stages. For this reason, we sought to understand teachers’ perceptions about the effects of educational habits on 3–6 year old children’s learning, in addition to their engagement and level of commitment to make families assume greater responsibility over their children’s acquisition of habits. Further, differences of opinion were examined according to age, teaching experience, and years of experience at the center. The instrument consisted of twenty variables and four dimensions: working habits and effort, environmental factors and personal hygiene, healthy diets, and collaboration and cooperation. The instrument was sent out via email. Non-probability convenience sampling was performed (n = 320). The methodology used a descriptive and cross-sectional study, incorporating correlational (Pearson correlation) and inferential analyses. Statistics included one-way ANOVA, statistical power, effect size, and Scheffé’s test for multiple comparisons. Educational habits were deemed to have a positive impact, which favored studying. Effects were accentuated in relation to hard work and effort towards learning, with these outcomes being associated with other measured variables. Teachers aged between 34 and 40 years old showed greater commitment and attributed more importance to these habits. Teachers who had been at the school for longer evaluated environmental and hygiene habits more positively.

This study aims to find empirical information about the effect of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE) on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning (TROL). This study uses a quantitative survey method with path analysis techniques. This study measures the readiness of kindergarten teachers in distance learning in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia with a sampling technique using simple random sampling involving 105 teachers. Empirical findings reveal that; 1) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 2) there is a direct positive effect of PACK on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 3) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on TPACK. If want to improve teacher readiness for online learning, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) must be improved by paying attention to Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE). Keywords: TROL, TPACK, TISE, Early Childhood Education References: Abbitt, J. T. (2011). An Investigation of the Relationship between Self-Efficacy Beliefs about Technology Integration and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) among Preservice Teachers. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 27(4), 134–143. Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180 Adnan, M. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 1(2), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309 Alqurashi, E. (2016). 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Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.31035 Subhan, M. (2020). Analisis Penerapan Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Pada Proses Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 di Kelas V. International Journal of Technology Vocational Education and Training, 1(2), 174–179. Sum, T. A., & Taran, E. G. M. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 543. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.287 Suryawati, E., Firdaus, L. N., & Yosua, H. (2014). Analisis keterampilan technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) guru biologi SMA negeri kota Pekanbaru. Jurnal Biogenesis, 11(1), 67-72. Suyamto, J., Masykuri, M., & Sarwanto, S. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Tpack (Technolgical, Pedagogical, and Content, Knowledge) Guru Biologi Sma Dalam Menyusun Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Sistem Peredaran Darah. INKUIRI: Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 9(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.20961/inkuiri.v9i1.41381 Tiara, D. R., & Pratiwi, E. (2020). Pentingnya Mengukur Kesiapan Guru Sebagai Dasar Pembelajaran Daring. Jurnal Golden Age, 04(2), 362–368. Trionanda, S. (2021). Analisis kesiapan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika jarak jauh berdasarkan profil TPACK di SD Katolik Tanjungpinang tahun ajaran 2020 / 2021. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 6, 69–76. Tsai, C.-C., & Chai, C. S. (2012). The ‘third’-order barrier for technology-integration instruction: Implications for teacher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.810 Wahyuni, F. T. (2019). Hubungan Antara Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Tpack) Dengan Technology Integration Self Efficacy (Tise) Guru Matematika Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 2(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.21043/jpm.v2i2.6358 Wang, L., Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2014). Journal of Research on Technology in Education Increasing Preservice Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs for Technology Integration. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(3), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2004.10782414 Warden, C. A., Yi-Shun, W., Stanworth, J. O., & Chen, J. F. (2020). Millennials’ technology readiness and self-efficacy in online classes. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 00(00), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2020.1798269 Widarjono, A. (2015). Analisis Multivariat Terapan edisi kedua. UPP STIM YKPN. Wiresti, R. D. (2021). Analisis Dampak Work from Home pada Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 641653. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.563 Yildiz Durak, H. (2019). Modeling of relations between K-12 teachers’ TPACK levels and their technology integration self-efficacy, technology literacy levels, attitudes toward technology and usage objectives of social networks. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1619591 Yudha, F., Aziz, A., & Tohir, M. (2021). Pendampingan Siswa Terdampak Covid-19 Melalui Media Animasi Sebagai Inovasi Pembelajaran Online. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 5(3), 964–978. Yurdugül, H., & Demir, Ö. (2017). An investigation of Pre-service Teachers’ Readiness for E-learning at Undergraduate Level Teacher Training Programs: The Case of Hacettepe University. The Case of Hacettepe University.

The COVID-19 pandemic is questioning the achievement of main challenges we face as a society, for instance, to ensure a free, equitable, and good quality compulsory education for all children or to reduce social inequality. During the spring lockdown, particularly in Spain, schools were closed for six months and a process of virtualization of teaching was total; that context generated important educational challenges. This paper presents and analyses forms of digital reciprocity and solidarity among pre-primary education children, families, and teachers, by presenting a case study of the parents’ WhatsApp class groups and a collaborative YouTube channel. The procedure developed was netnography and the data analysis followed the model of grounded theory. Both digital spaces created by parents have become a network of mutual support. It has had multiple positive impacts: (i) providing and receiving social support; (ii) generating dynamics of reciprocity and empowerment; and (iii) activating values that generate a sense of community (feeling of belonging, trust, etc.). The case study shows how virtual networks increase the subjective well-being of participants in a difficult context and also invites reflection about the key role of cultural capital of the parents as a key element in the conditions of educability of children, especially in e-learning of pre-primary education.

The European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015–2020 encourages Member States to promote local affordable and healthy dietary initiatives to support a sustainable food system, particularly in schools and public institutions where advertising on eating behaviour and food preferences is needed. In Italy, the promotion of healthy and sustainable diets, including the consumption of oily fish, is at an early stage. Based on the success of a unique Italian educational campaign in school lunch programmes, the aim of the present study was to compare the nutritional composition of locally caught anchovy and of imported frozen fillets of farmed Vietnamese pangasius, to observe the potential implications of this dietary substitution. Anchovy showed a significantly higher fatty acid and protein content than pangasius, and contained five times more lipids, mainly n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. As previous studies confirmed, a diet providing large amounts of these fats is therefore recommended especially during childhood. The present findings highlight the high nutritional value and healthiness of serving locally caught fish in school meals, which plays a strong role in teaching good dietary habits for a lifetime. Further initiatives are needed to encourage responsible fish consumption during early life to promote a sustainable food system.

Teacher's abilities to understand the benefits and use of media literacy play an important role in dealing with children as digital natives. Media literacy education can be an instrument through the use of blended-learning websites to address the challenges of education in the 21st century and learning solutions during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to figure the teacher's perspective in understanding media literacy as an instrument for implementing blended-learning in early-childhood classes. Using a qualitative approach, this study combines two types of data. Data collection involved kindergarten teachers, six people as informants who attended the interviews and twenty-six participants who filled out questionnaires. Typological data analysis was used for qualitative data as well as simple statistical analysis to calculate the percentage of teacher perspectives on questionnaires collected the pandemic. The findings show five categories from the teacher's perspective. First, about the ability to carry out website-based blended-learning and the use of technology in classrooms and distance learning is still low. It must be transformed into more creative and innovative one. Encouraging teacher awareness of the importance of media literacy education for teachers as a more effective integrated learning approach, especially in rural or remote areas, to be the second finding. Third, national action is needed to change from traditional to blended-learning culture. Fourth, the high need for strong environmental support, such as related-party policies and competency training is the most important finding in this study. Finally, the need for an increase in the ease of access to technology use from all related parties, because the biggest impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is on ECE, which is closely related to the perspective of teachers on technology. The research implication demands increase in technology systems and connections between educators, parents, institutional managers, and education policy holders, for ECE services in urban areas for disadvantaged children, and all children in rural or remote areas. Keywords: Blended Learning, Early Childhood Classroom, Media Literacy Education References Aktay, S. (2009). The ISTE national educational technology standards and prospective primary school teachers in Turkey. International Journal of Learning, 16(9), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i09/46607 Arke, E. T., & Primack, B. A. (2009). Quantifying media literacy: Development, reliability, and validity of a new measure. Educational Media International, 46(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980902780958 Briquet-Duhazé, S. (2019). Websites Consulted by Future Primary Level Schoolteachers in France: Differences between Students and Trainees. American Journal of Educational Research, 7(7), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-7-6 Bryan, A., & Volchenkova, K. N. (2016). Blended Learning: Definition, Models, Implications for Higher Education. Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series “Education. Education Sciences,” 8(2), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.14529/ped160204 Cappello, G. (2019). Media Literacy in I taly . The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0155 Chan, E. Y. M. (2019). Blended learning dilemma: Teacher education in the confucian heritage culture. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v44n1.3 Cherner, T. S., & Curry, K. (2019). Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Teach Media Literacy: A Response to “Fake News.” Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2019-11-1-1 Cheung, C. K., & Xu, W. (2016). Integrating Media Literacy Education into the School Curriculum in China: A Case Study of a Primary School. Media Literacy Education in China, 1–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0045-4 Chou, A. Y., & Chou, D. C. (2011). Course Management Systems and Blended Learning: An Innovative Learning Approach. Decision Sciences Journal OfInnovative Education, 9(3), 463–484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4609.2011.00325.x Crawford, R. (2017). Rethinking teaching and learning pedagogy for education in the twenty-first century: blended learning in music education. Music Education Research, 19(2), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2016.1202223 de Abreu, B. (2010). Changing technology: empowering students through media literacy education. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 26. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ966657.pdf Domine, V. (2011). Building 21st-Century Teachers: An Intentional Pedagogy of Media Literacy Education. Action in Teacher Education, 33(2), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2011.569457 Friesem, E., & Friesem, Y. (2019). Media Literacy Education in the Era of Post-Truth: Paradigm Crisis. In Handbook of Research on Media Literacy Research and Applications Across Disciplines. IGI Global. Huguet, A., Kavanagh, J., Baker, G., & Blumenthal, M. (2019). Exploring Media Literacy Education as a Tool for Mitigating Truth Decay. In Exploring Media Literacy Education as a Tool for Mitigating Truth Decay. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr3050 Kalogiannakis, M., & Papadakis, S. (2019). Evaluating pre-service kindergarten teachers’ intention to adopt and use tablets into teaching practice for natural sciences. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 13(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMLO.2019.096479 Kennedy, A. B., Schenkelberg, M., Moyer, C., Pate, R., & Saunders, R. P. (2017). Process evaluation of a preschool physical activity intervention using web-based delivery. Evaluation and Program Planning, 60, 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.022 Kupiainen, R. (2019). Media Literacy in F inland . The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0147 Liene, V. (2016). Media Literacy as a Tool in the Agency Empowerment Process. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 58–70. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2016.37 Livingstone, S. (2013). Media Literacy and the Challenge of New Information and Communication Technologies. The Communication Review, 7(March), 86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10714420490280152 Papadakis, S. (2018). Evaluating pre-service teachers’ acceptance of mobile devices with regards to their age and gender: A case study in Greece. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 12(4), 336–352. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMLO.2018.095130 Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2017). Mobile educational applications for children. What educators and parents need to know. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 11(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmlo.2017.10003925 Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., & Zaranis, N. (2017). Designing and creating an educational app rubric for preschool teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 22(6), 3147–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9579-0 Papadakis, S., Vaiopoulou, J., Kalogiannakis, M., & Stamovlasis, D. (2020). Developing and exploring an evaluation tool for educational apps (E.T.E.A.) targeting kindergarten children. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104201 Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., & Abdullah, N. A. (2020). Challenges in the online component of blended learning: A systematic review. Computers and Education, 144(March 2019), 103701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103701 Rasi, P., Vuojärvi, H., & Ruokamo, H. (2019). Media Literacy for All Ages. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2019-11-2-1 Redmond, T. (2015). Media Literacy Is Common Sense: Bridging Common Core Standards with the Media Experiences of Digital Learners: Findings from a Case Study Highlight the Benefits of an Integrated Model of Literacy, Thereby Illustrating the Relevance and Accessibility of Me. Middle School Journal, 46(3), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2015.11461910 Sabirova, E. G., Fedorova, T. V., & Sandalova, N. N. (2019). Features and advantages of using websites in teaching mathematics (Interactive educational platform UCHI.ru). Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/108367 Schmidt, H. C. (2019). Media Literacy in Communication Education. The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0126 Ustun, A. B., & Tracey, M. W. (2020). An effective way of designing blended learning: A three phase design-based research approach. Education and Information Technologies, 25(3), 1529–1552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09999-9 Valtonen, T., Tedre, M., Mäkitalo, Ka., & Vartiainen, H. (2019). Media Literacy Education in the Age of Machine Learning. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(2), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2019-11-2-2 Wan, G., & Gut, D. M. (2008). Media use by Chinese and U.S. secondary students: Implications for media literacy education. Theory into Practice, 47(3), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802153783 Wu, J. H., Tennyson, R. D., & Hsia, T. L. (2010). A study of student satisfaction in a blended e-learning system environment. Computers and Education, 55(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.012 Yuen, A. H. K. (2011). Exploring Teaching Approaches in Blended Learning. 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In early childhood science education, analyzing and responding to children’s preconceptions are essential professional skills possessed by preschool teachers. This study aims to evaluate the level of preschool teachers’ skills of analyzing and responding to the development trajectories of children’s preconceptions (DTCP) and explores the relationship between them in different science disciplines as well as between teachers with different teaching experiences from a Chinese teachers perspective. A newly developed and validated instrument, the Situational Judgement Tests of Preschool Teachers’ Skills to Analyze and Respond (SJTs-PTSAR), is adopted. Altogether, 1084 Chinese teachers from three cities in China were surveyed, and analysis of the psychometric properties indicated that SJTs-PTSAR was a reliable and valid scale. The means and standard deviations of preschool teachers’ analysis skills were 1.04 and 0.31, and those for responding were 1.02 and 0.26. There was no significant difference between the scores of the two skills (t=−1.842,p>0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.068). Correlation analysis showed that the preschool teachers’ analysis skills were positively related to their responding (r=0.353,p<0.001), and there was a significant correlation between the skills of teachers of different teaching ages. These results showed that preschool teachers’ skills to analyze and respond to the DTCP were at a medium level, and an accurate analysis could not guarantee a high-level response based on the DTCP. The correlation coefficient between these two skills with teachers of different teaching experience was nonlinear. A number of suggestions for teacher training and professional development are provided to promote the sustainable development of teachers’ analysis and response skills.

Loving the environment is a character that must be instilled in children from an early age. This study aims to describe how efforts to instil love for the environment in preschool. This research uses a collaboration action research method with the intervention of providing information and motivation about the importance of environmental education for ECE educators. The participants were the ECE community represented by eleven ECE teachers in the Tangerang, Sawangan Bogor, Medan, and Batam areas. Data collection was carried out by focus group discussions and interviews as well as the delivery of information related to learning and environmental literacy for children through online meetings. Content analysis was used to interpret the data in this study. The findings of this study indicate that the provision of information and motivation to eleven ECE teachers can make the eleven teachers form the spirit and knowledge of teachers to develop learning and teaching environmental literacy in early childhood classes. The teachers are also trying to green the school environment by planting trees and making various learning activities with the children to get to know and love the environment better. Keywords: ECE educators training, environmental literacy, environmental education References: Bryman, A. (2021). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=kDZwzgEACAAJ Burdette, H. L., & Whitaker, R. C. (2005). Resurrecting Free Play in Young Children: Looking Beyond Fitness and Fatness to Attention, Affiliation, and Affect. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(1), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.159.1.46 Chu, H., Lee, E. A., Ryung Ko, H., Hee Shin, D., Nam Lee, M., Mee Min, B., & Hee Kang, K. (2007). Korean Year 3 Children’s Environmental Literacy: A prerequisite for a Korean environmental education curriculum. International Journal of Science Education, 29(6), 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690600823532 Corraliza, J., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Collado, S., & Universidad de Zaragoza. (2019). Ecological Awareness and Children’s Environmental Experience. Papeles Del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2019.2896 Dada, D. O., Eames, C., & Calder, N. (2017). Impact of Environmental Education on Beginning Preservice Teachers’ Environmental Literacy. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 33(3), 201–222. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2017.27 Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2012). Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.me/books?id=5Z8gAQAAQBAJ Disinger, J. F., & Roth, C. E. (1992). Environmental education research news. Environmentalist, 12(3), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01267599 Ernst, J., & Burcak, F. (2019). Young Children’s Contributions to Sustainability: The Influence of Nature Play on Curiosity, Executive Function Skills, Creative Thinking, and Resilience. Sustainability, 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154212 Eugenio-Gozalbo, M., Aragón, L., & Ortega-Cubero, I. (2020). Gardens as Science Learning Contexts Across Educational Stages: Learning Assessment Based on Students’ Graphic Representations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02226 Evans, G. W., Otto, S., & Kaiser, F. G. (2018). Childhood Origins of Young Adult Environmental Behavior. Psychological Science, 29(5), 679–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617741894 Ewert, A., Place, G., & Sibthorp, Ji. (2005). Early-Life Outdoor Experiences and an Individual’s Environmental Attitudes. Leisure Sciences, 27(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400590930853 Friedman, S., Masterson, M. L., Wright, B. L., Bredekamp, S., & Willer, B. (2021). Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth Through Age 8, Fourth Edition (Fully Revised and Updated). National Association for the Education of Young Children. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Kb-vzQEACAAJ Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034 Jørgensen, K.-A. (2016). Bringing the jellyfish home: Environmental consciousness and ‘sense of wonder’ in young children’s encounters with natural landscapes and places. Environmental Education Research, 22(8), 1139–1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1068277 Kaiser, F. G., Brügger, A., Hartig, T., Bogner, F. X., & Gutscher, H. (2014). Appreciation of nature and appreciation of environmental protection: How stable are these attitudes and which comes first? European Review of Applied Psychology-Revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 64, 269–277. Kaya, V., & Elster, D. (2019). A Critical Consideration of Environmental Literacy: Concepts, Contexts, and Competencies. Sustainability, 11(6), 1581. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061581 Kidman, G., & Casinader, N. (2019). Developing Teachers’ Environmental Literacy through Inquiry-based Practices. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/103065 Kim, G., Vaswani, R. T., Kang, W., Nam, M., & Lee, D. (2017). Enhancing Ecoliteracy through Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Proverbs. Sustainability, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071182 Larimore, R. (2016). Defining Nature-Based Preschools. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1), 5. Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G., & Publishing, S. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=2oA9aWlNeooC López-Alcarria, A., Gutiérrez-Pérez, J., & Poza-Vilches, F. (2014). Preschool Education Professionals as Mediators of Environmental Health Education. 6th International Conference on Intercultural Education “Education and Health: From a Transcultural Perspective", 132, 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.366 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (Third edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. Mills, G. E. (2011). Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher. Pearson. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-d1XAAAAYAAJ Olgan, R., & Kahri̇Man-Öztürk, D. (2011). An Investigation in the Playgrounds of Public and Private Preschools in Ankara. Education and Science, 36(161), 13. Otto, S., Evans, G. W., Moon, M. J., & Kaiser, F. G. (2019). The development of children’s environmental attitude and behavior. Global Environmental Change, 58, 101947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101947 Otto, S., Kaiser, F. G., & Arnold, O. (2014). The Critical Challenge of Climate Change for Psychology. European Psychologist, 19(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000182 Pe’er, S., Goldman, D., & Yavetz, B. (2007). Environmental Literacy in Teacher Training: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Environmental Behavior of Beginning Students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 39(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.39.1.45-59 Phillipson-Mower, T., & Adams, A. D. (2010). Environmental Education Service-Learning in Science Teacher Education. In A. M. Bodzin, B. Shiner Klein, & S. Weaver (Eds.), The Inclusion of Environmental Education in Science Teacher Education (pp. 65–79). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9222-9_5 Rosa, C. D., Profice, C. C., & Collado, S. (2018). Nature Experiences and Adults’ Self-Reported Pro-environmental Behaviors: The Role of Connectedness to Nature and Childhood Nature Experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01055 Roth, C. E. (1992). Environmental Literacy: Its Roots, Evolution and Directions in the 1990s. ERIC/CSMEE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8ZA6HQAACAAJ Schutte, A. R., Torquati, J. C., & Beattie, H. L. (2017). Impact of Urban Nature on Executive Functioning in Early and Middle Childhood. Environment and Behavior, 49(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916515603095 Shallcross, T., O’Loan, K., & Hui, D. (2000). Developing a School Focused Approach to Continuing Professional Development in Sustainability Education. Environmental Education Research, 6(4), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/713664694 Spano, G., D’Este, M., Giannico, V., Carrus, G., Elia, M., Lafortezza, R., Panno, A., & Sanesi, G. (2020). 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Ocean literacy is currently at the forefront of the development of the notion of marine environmental sustainability. It is critical to compare ocean literacy ideas in curriculum standards. Comics Convey various messages of maritime insight content on integrated, contextual, and meaningful learning. This study aims to design STEAM (to R-SLAMET; Religion, Science, Literacy, Art, Math, Engineer, and Technology) learning that contains ocean literacy messages in a comic media. Through the qualitative research method with study case type, researchers seek to aid early childhood education (ECE) educators in designing R-SLAMET learning through the media to overcome maritime cultural literacy problems. The participants of this study consisted of three educators and 43 children. The findings show that the natural play experience of early childhood can be a source of inspiration to find ocean literacy through R-SLAMET learning activities. Contextual play by children becomes a reference for designing comic-based R-SLAMET learning. Comic media can integrate R-SLAMET learning in improving children's ocean literacy. Keywords: children ocean literacy, comic media, STEAM to R-SLAMET learning design References: Arthur, J. (1990). Cultural Literacy. College English, 52(3), 281–281. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/377758 Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (2015). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Ravenio Books. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=KCTrCgAAQBAJ Castek, E. J., Hagerman, M. S., Woodard, R., Bonine, K., Coiro, J., Graville, C., Jordan, M., Mencher, R., Olivares, M., Smith, B. E., Stornaiuolo, A., Sult, L., Tan, E., Tucker-raymond, E., & Wen, W. (2019). Principles for Equity-centered Design of STEAM Learning-through-Making. 34–35. Chang, C.-C., Hirenkumar, T. C., & Wu, C.-K. (2021). 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Learning English is a crucial skill that will enable youngsters to reach their full potential in the future. They can learn English quickly and successfully if they use the appropriate strategies since early childhood. As a result, it is critical that kids learn English that is both practical and beneficial. For youngsters, learning should not be a stressful experience. It should be entertaining as well as stimulating. Reading, listening, and speaking English should become second nature to them as a result of their study. They will learn more and use English language at a higher level as their confidence grows. This paper outlines various resources for EFL teachers to help youngsters learn a foreign language more effectively since they are in their early childhood. These are designed to help them teaching effectively while also providing the excitement and variety that children require. This paper's final section discusses how to ensure that youngsters learn English using easy approaches that will undoubtedly make teachers' jobs more enjoyable and rewarding. Furthermore, it is expected that the teachers would have enough new ideas to be the most inspiring teachers possible. Keywords : Teaching Language, Early Childhood

The complex and fluid nature of knowledge is a key dimension of the early childhood curriculum and of early childhood teaching and learning. Such complexity adds to the already complex and dynamic work of an early childhood teacher. With a dynamic view of knowledge in mind, this article reports on research with a team of early childhood teachers to explore the ways in which knowledge is experienced for the teaching team. We explore formulations and debates on knowledge that engage with the complexity of knowledge relationships in an early childhood teaching team. The data provides an insight into the importance of leadership and interpersonal relationships in determining how knowledge moves within the ecology of a teaching team. The benefits of critical dialogue are explored in terms of supporting the work, and well-being, of early childhood teachers and teaching teams.

This study guided by Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory explored the perception of pre-service teachers about the application of the ZPD in the classroom. Five participants, all junior students, were purposefully selected from a university in the southern region of the United States to participate in the study. Open-ended interview questions were designed from a review of the literature regarding the effectiveness of Vygotsky’s ZPD in the classroom. Axial coding was used to analyze the data for the final research report. A major finding from the study is that Vygotsky’s ZPD is recognized by Educator Preparatory Providers (EPPS) as a major instructional approach used to promote student achievement and that some pre-educator candidates perceive problems implementing this innovative form of teaching social studies in the early childhood classroom. Another significant finding from the study is that it extends our knowledge about the application of Vygotsky’s ZPD in the early childhood social studies classroom. Implications for early childhood teacher preparation and future research are considered in the paper. Keywords: cognitive development, early childhood education, instructional ecology, preservice teachers, zone of proximal development

Over the past two decades, science has increasingly become an integral part of early childhood curricula, and research on teaching and learning science in early years has emerged as an established field of study. Collectively, the findings of a growing body of literature suggest that introducing science in developmentally appropriate ways may support young children’s learning of science concepts and scientific thinking skills. The increasing number of edited volumes and special issues, including this one, devoted to the topic of early childhood science teaching and learning indicates that early science education, as a field of study, will continue to attract researchers from early childhood and science education as well as educational and cognitive psychology.

This paper provides insights on how Early Grade Reading Instruction Curriculum (EGRIC) catalyzed a pedagogical shift and, consequently, began transforming early childhood teacher education in Kenya through reading instruction. EGRIC, themed: All Teachers Teaching Reading All Children Reading, was sponsored by USAID’s All Children Reading: Grand Challenge for Development and implemented by the University of Nairobi from September 2012 to September 2014. EGRIC developed the capacity of 315 purposively selected UoN pre-service teachers enrolled in Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood Education and 170 in-service teachers to provide reading instruction, assessment and remediation in theearly grades (K-3rd grade). The ultimate goal was to infuse EGRIC into UoN’s B. Ed (ECE) program. Data were collected using mixed-method research approaches and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. EGRIC workshops and school follow-ups became an odyssey where teachers re-discovered the true meaning of reading instruction. Consequently, 298 teachers were certified as reading teachers at project close-out. Over 17, 800 children’s reading skills were impacted; of these, 298 children at-risk of reading failure received weekly one-on-one tutoring and registered improvements in their reading skills and motivation for reading.There is need to open up and/or extend space(s) to foster technical leadership,knowledge sharing, and evidence building around issues of early grade reading instruction and assessment; improving effectiveness, sustainability, and scaling up of early grade reading interventions. The broader goal should be to build capacity of stakeholders to apply evidence-informed practices to increase impact, scale, and sustainability of reading interventions in Kenya and beyond.

In Early childhood education, play is considered as the heart of instruction and learning prepare. Play moreover critical in obtaining children language and literacy ability, person with higher level of proficiency have higher opportunity in their life success. This is a qualitative research study analysing teacher's conceptualization of play in the literacy teaching and learning process. An interpretative and descriptive qualitative research is the design of this study. A qualitative study was undertaken because this technique allows researchers with ways and means considering different views of the research subject therefore producing rich, in-depth and elaborate data. This, small research has been conducted in Indonesian settings on the utilize of play in educating proficiency in early childhood instruction classrooms. Information was obtained through one-on-one, one-hour in-depth interviews from a few teachers in five early childhood education institutions. Examination of the information uncovered those early education teachers agree on utilizing play as an instrument in educating literacy concepts

Phonics continues to be one of the most controversial literacy instruction topics debated in the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Given the importance placed on phonics in early literacy learning and the role that teacher beliefs play in the types of code-related literacy children encounter, the purpose of this two phase mixed-methods study was to investigate the relationship between teachers’ reported play–literacy beliefs, their phonics practices and the reasons behind their decisions not to use commercial phonics programmes in the prior-to-school years. This mixed-methods study found there was a correlation related to teachers’ play-based, child-centred literacy beliefs, their reported holistic early literacy phonics practices and their decisions not to use commercial phonics programmes. Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between early childhood teachers who stated that they would never consider using a commercial phonics programme and their reported belief that children learn letters and sounds incidentally. Thematic analysis of interview data found that the teachers interpreted phonics instruction as a method occurring as an isolated skill–drill activity and subsequently held strong views against heavily scripted commercial phonics programmes. The interview data also revealed a range of play-based and holistic phonics examples embedded through everyday classroom experiences over explicit systematic instruction reported. Early childhood teachers’ knowledge, experience and reported beliefs, together with a high level of confidence in addressing parental pressure to engage in formalised phonics lessons, were reasons behind their reported practices. This study has important implications for understanding the different types of phonics methods children encounter, teacher concerns over loss of play-based literacy learning and the continuing controversy between adult-directed phonics and child-initiated, play-literacy practices.

Over the past decade there has been an increasing visibility of sustainable practices in early childhood centres in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article describes a small scale research project which investigated a teaching team’s journey into sustainability in one rural kindergarten over a nine month period. Joining the Enviroschools in the Early Years programme provided the teachers with support, resources and a shared focus, and contributed to a sustained commitment to and ongoing emphasis on sustainability as a key part of the kindergarten’s philosophy and practices. The research found the Enviroschools programme is a good fit with the early childhood sector and can support other early childhood educators contemplating a similar journey. Factors significant to the successful transition into sustainability through the Enviroschools in the Early Years programme are identified and challenges that need to be overcome are also discussed.

Increasing numbers of international students are enrolling in Australian universities in early childhood teaching degrees. For many of these students understanding the early childhood education pedagogies and approaches is a different way of viewing teaching and learning from their own cultural perspective. Many of these students struggle to understand the teaching and learning theory that underpins early childhood education in Australia which draws on play-based pedagogies, child centred learning, and intentional teaching. This small-scale case study sought to gain insights into how international students undertaking a Master of Teaching (Early Childhood) in an Australian university were enabled to link their theoretical learning to practical applications of being an early childhood teacher. Using questionnaire data, the study found that the international students struggled to connect the theory and pedagogical thinking that underpins early childhood education. What was most significant for these students was the experiences they gained through their practical placements.

The research aims to develop a series of effective communication-based teaching skills for early childhood education teachers that develop in accordance with the Indonesian National Curriculum framework used recently in Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, State University Jakarta. Research will be conducted in two years using research and development methods. The literature review has been conducted on effective communication and teaching skills for the first year and a series of teaching skill indicators. Data gathered from early childhood education teachers in Jakarta are related to the theory and practice of teaching skills with observation, interviews and performance tests. The results of the study are indicators for Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teacher teaching skills. On the other hand, drafts of effective communication practices are conducted to be applied in teacher teaching skills. These two concepts will be used to develop a model of effective communication based teaching skills for teachers of early childhood. The result can be consideration of educational institutions educators, researchers and governments in developing training models to improve teacher teaching skills.

The purpose of the study was to find out the contribution of general culture (GC), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and content knowledge (CK) courses to the professional development of preservice teachers in early childhood education programs. As a part of a mix-method research study, this survey uses a rank-order judgment methodology. Using a two-stage-cluster and random sampling - 432 students from 35 universities participated in the study during the 2018-2019 academic year. Data were gathered using an “Early Childhood Education Undergraduate Program Course Evaluation Form” and analyzed using pairwise comparison. With reference to the results, “Effective Communication” was chosen as the most beneficial one among the GC courses, and “Statistics” was selected as the least beneficial course. In addition, among the PK courses, “Teaching Practice I” was the most beneficial one, and “Assessment and Evaluation” was the least helpful course related to student perceptions. While the “Introduction to Early Childhood Education” course was the most beneficial course among the CK, “Research Project II” was listed as the least beneficial course. It was found that students’ opinions about courses did not change concerning their gender, academic achievement, and the type of high school they had attended.

Making data-based decisions is a pervasive expectation for educators and is linked to improved outcomes for students. Observational data collection for progress monitoring, in particular, can help educators track and support students’ progress toward individualized educational goals in inclusive settings. Yet, many educators struggle with data collection. In this study, the authors use a multiple baseline across participants’ single-case design to investigate the effectiveness of a data collection intervention on early childhood preservice educators’ data collection quality. Preservice educators received data collection templates, instruction, and individualized feedback to improve their ability to collect observational data and use it to inform practice. Preservice educators’ participation in the instructional program improved the quality of their data collection; however, continued feedback was necessary for some skills to improve. Implications for preparing early educators to collect and use observational progress monitoring data are discussed.

This study examined the effects of early childhood teachers’ goal orientation on teaching creativity through intrinsic motivation and informal learning experience to investigate the roles of goal-related, motivational, and experiential factors that explain their teaching creativity. Participants were 257 early childhood teachers in early childhood education centers located in Incheon and Gyeonggi-do. This study measured the teachers’ goal orientation (mastery goal orientation, performance goal orientation), intrinsic motivation, informal learning experience, and teaching creativity. Collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling. Results showed that early childhood teachers’ mastery goal orientation, intrinsic motivation, and informal learning experience significantly influenced teaching creativity. However, the effects of performance goal orientation on teaching creativity were not significant. Mastery goal orientation significantly influenced intrinsic motivation and informal learning experience, and performance goal orientation significantly influenced informal learning experience. The effects of intrinsic motivation on informal learning experience were significant. Regarding indirect effects, mastery goal orientation significantly influenced teaching creativity through intrinsic motivation and informal learning experience. Also, mastery goal orientation significantly influenced teaching creativity sequentially mediated by intrinsic motivation and informal learning. The results provide academic implications for examining the goal-related, motivational, and experiential factors that affect early childhood teachers’ teaching creativity. They have practical implications for suggesting specific strategies for the teaching creativity of early childhood teachers.

Abstract Given the wide diversity of conceptions of creativity, this study analyzes ten Ibero-American early childhood education curricula with the aim of finding out what concept, approach, and teaching methodology they propose for creativity. The research addresses two questions: what is the implicit or explicit notion of creativity held by the Early Childhood curricula, and what methodological recommendations are included to foster creativity in the classroom? The study used qualitative methodology, specifically content analysis completed with expert judgement. Results showed the importance of creativity in the curricula analyzed and highlighted not only the need to clarify the term at a conceptual level, but also to examine in depth the teaching and learning methodologies used. In conclusion, the study urges to strengthen artistic training in both initial and continuing education studies.

This study aims to produce thematic-based Arabic teaching materials for early childhood Arabic learning. The target of the teaching material that has been developed is early childhood students where they learn Arabic at Raudhatul Athfal. Researchers use research and development methods. Data were collected using interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data obtained from interview and documentation were analyzed qualitatively, while the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively. The results of the study were thematic-based Arabic teaching materials, namely Arabic teaching materials that have relevance to the themes studied by early childhood students as stated in the Semester Program. The results of product validation indicate that the thematic-based Arabic teaching materials that have been developed are suitable for use in learning Arabic for early childhood students.

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in the playfulness and play teaching efficacy of preservice early childhood teachers according to their childhood play experience. Methods For this, a survey was conducted with 207 preservice early childhood teachers and frequency analysis and difference verification were conducted. Results The results are as follows. First, there was a difference in the formation of playfulness and play teaching efficacy according to the difference in the experience of ‘playground’ among childhood play experience of preservice early childhood teachers. Second, while ‘playtime’ among childhood play experience did not show any difference in the formation of playfulness and play teaching efficacy of early childhood teachers, ‘player’ was shown to be a factor causing the difference in both. Conclusions Based on these results, this study has an implication that early childhood teachers should be supported through the teacher training course to help them reflect on their own childhood play and form an educational belief on play.

DESPITE A GROWING BODY of research that demonstrates young children have the capacity to learn mathematical concepts, early childhood educators are still strongly influenced by dated ideas that mathematics education should be delayed until formal schooling. Such attitudes are contributing to Australia's poor rating of young children's mathematics skills as compared to other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Negative perceptions about mathematics as well as a lack of knowledge of curriculum content and pedagogy are major factors limiting mathematics experiences in the early years. This project employed a multi-site case study approach to investigate the teaching of mathematics in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres and the impact of a professional development intervention on the type and frequency of mathematics experiences for children before starting formal schooling.

Psychomotricity is one of the foundations in child development, a science that unites the body in movement and mental activity, admits a translation that relates body movement and its intentionality, studies human development in all phases. In this sense, this article aims to understand psychomotricity and adversities in early childhood education, to recognize the relationship between body and mind, and the importance of psychomotor development since childhood. In order to promote and achieve a deeper study on psychomotricity in early childhood education, this research took place in a bibliographic way through studies by authors dealing with the theme. The authors who guided this research were Duprê (1862-1921), Wallon (1879-1962) and Le Boulch (1981), who report the contexts and challenges of psychomotricity for a better development in human life. The results of the present study brought deeper reflections regarding the knowledge of the psychomotricity investigation process and the adversities in early childhood education.

Purpose Oftentimes, attempts at culturally relevant early childhood practices are limited to diverse materials in the physical environment. The purpose of this study is to document the culturally relevant teaching practices, specifically for African American children, within a culturally diverse preschool classroom with a Black teacher. Design/methodology/approach The researchers used qualitative methodology to answer the following question: How does a Black preschool teacher enact culturally relevant practices for her African American students in a culturally diverse classroom? Data sources included field notes from classroom observations, transcripts from both formal and informal semi-structured interviews with a Master Teacher and photographs. Findings The authors found that the participant fostered an inclusive classroom community and a classroom environment that reflected the range of human diversity. She was intentional in her integration of culturally representative read alouds and lessons designed to incorporate students’ interests. Finally, she engaged families by facilitating their involvement in her curriculum. However, social justice aspects were absent during the time of the study. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature in that it documents a high-quality early childhood classroom with a teacher, that is, actively trying to incorporate the cultures of her African American students. Many extant studies provide examples of superficial culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) being enacting in early childhood classrooms or the focus is not specifically on African American children.