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Reijnders, L. "Conditions for the sustainability of biomass based fuel use." Energy Policy 34, no. 7 (May 2006): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.09.001.
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Zhou, Zhong Ren. "A Theoretical Study of the Sustainable Use of Biomass Energy by Rural Households in China." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2905.
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Biomass energy is an important component of household energy consumption in rural areas of China. However, under current exploitation levels, the energy source is beset with both theoretical and practical challenges, and its sustainable utilization is seriously restricted. One key to solving this problem is the establishment of a theoretical framework for the sustainable use of biomass energy by rural households. Based on the new viewpoint that biomass energy is a type of ‘weakly’ renewable energy, this paper provides the first theoretical basis outlining the sustainable use of biomass energy in rural households, including systems theory, the theory of ecological carrying capacity, the utility theory, the theory of ecological economics and the theory of natural resource values. The relationships among these theories are also discussed. In addition, four conditions governing the theoretical sustainable use of biomass energy by rural households are analyzed: the sustainability of the resource supply, the sustainability of biomass energy production, the sustainability of consumer acceptance, and the sustainability of ecological environmental effects.
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Burritt, Roger L., and Stefan Schaltegger. "Measuring the (un‐)sustainability of industrial biomass production and use." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 3, no. 2 (November 16, 2012): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20408021211282377.
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Shahbeig, Hossein, Alireza Shafizadeh, Marc A. Rosen, and Bert F. Sels. "Exergy sustainability analysis of biomass gasification: a critical review." Biofuel Research Journal 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2022.9.1.5.
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Biomass gasification technology is a promising process to produce a stable gas with a wide range of applications, from direct use to the synthesis of value-added biochemicals and biofuels. Due to the high capital/operating costs of the technology and the necessity for prudent management of thermal energy exchanges in the biomass gasification process, it is important to use advanced sustainability metrics to ensure that environmental and other sustainability factors are addressed beneficially. Consequently, various engineering techniques are being used to make decisions on endogenous and exogenous parameters of biomass gasification processes to find the most efficient, viable, and sustainable operations and conditions. Among available approaches, exergy methods have attracted much attention due to their scientific rigor in accounting for the performance, cost, and environmental impact of biomass gasification systems. Therefore, this review is devoted to critically reviewing and numerically scrutinizing the use of exergy methods in analyzing biomass gasification systems. First, a bibliometric analysis is conducted to systematically identify research themes and trends in exergy-based sustainability assessments of biomass gasification systems. Then, the effects of biomass composition, reactor type, gasifying agent, and operating parameters on the exergy efficiency of the process are thoroughly investigated and mechanistically discussed. Unlike oxygen, nitrogen, and ash contents of biomass, the exergy efficiency of the gasification process is positively correlated with the carbon and hydrogen contents of biomass. A mixed gasifying medium (CO2 and steam) provides higher exergy efficiency values. The downdraft fixed-bed gasifier exhibits the highest exergy efficiency among biomass gasification systems. Finally, opportunities and limitations of exergy methods for analyzing sustainability aspects of biomass gasification systems are outlined to guide future research in this domain.
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Bhutto, Abdul Waheed, Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi, Sadia Karim, Rashid Abro, Shaukat Ali Mazari, and Sabzoi Nizamuddin. "Promoting sustainability of use of biomass as energy resource: Pakistan’s perspective." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 29 (August 26, 2019): 29606–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06179-7.
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Hartman, Brent J. "Defining "Biomass": An Examination of State Renewable Energy Standards." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 19, no. 1 (October 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v19.i1.1.
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This Article encourages state and federal policymakers to consider the sustainability of biomass when establishing or implementing standards that mandate or incentivize the use of biomass for energy, whether as fuel or electricity. Revealing the important role biomass plays in renewable energy standards, Section II introduces the concepts of biomass, renewable energy objectives, and sustainability. Section III surveys the various definitions of "biomass." The survey exposes widespread use of an inadequate definition of "biomass," primarily due to the policy oversight that renewable does not equal sustainable. Section IV provides a discussion of two solutions to remedy the problem of the deficient definition of "biomass." The first solution discussed is a model approach to be utilized by policymakers. The approach can be utilized when a state renews or revises RPS goals, when a state without a RPS enacts a RPS, or when an agency managing a program encounters an ambiguous, broad definition. The approach includes factors to consider when developing a definition of "biomass." One such consideration is sustainability certification. Environmental and energy objectives can be fused by the adoption of a certification program, such as sustainability certification based on standards and procedures developed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels ("RSB"). The approach also suggests utilizing Renewable Energy Credit ("REC") multipliers based on those meeting or exceeding sustainability goals. The second proposed solution encourages a national RPS, preferably non-preemptive. A national RPS will help develop nationwide standards while providing latitude for statespecific energy objectives. National policymakers should also consider utilizing the model approach. Alone or combined, these solutions help ensure that progressive energy policy does not negatively impact the environment.
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Sperandio, Giulio, Andrea Acampora, Vincenzo Civitarese, Sofia Bajocco, and Marco Bascietto. "Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07891.
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The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final use is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as renewable energy source. In fact, transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process. In this work, a geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. The economic sustainability of transport costs was calculated for different types of biomass sources available close to a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, in central Italy. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around € 40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of € 12 Mg−1.
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Sperandio, Giulio, Alessandro Suardi, Andrea Acampora, and Vincenzo Civitarese. "Environmental Sustainability of Heat Produced by Poplar Short-Rotation Coppice (SRC) Woody Biomass." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070878.
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As demonstrated for some time, the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can also take place using agroforestry biomass. Short-rotation coppice (SRC) is one of the sources of woody biomass production. In our work, the supply of woody biomass was considered by examining four different cutting shifts (2, 3, 4 and 5 years) and, for each, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) was evaluated according to the IPCC 2007 method. Regarding the rotation cycle, four biomass collection systems characterized by different levels of mechanization were analyzed and compared. In this study, it was assumed that the biomass produced by the SRC plantations was burned in a 350 kWt biomass power plant to heat a public building. The environmental impact generated by the production of 1 GJ of thermal energy was assessed for each of the forest plants examined, considering the entire life cycle, from the field phase to the energy production. The results were compared with those obtained to produce the same amount of thermal energy from a diesel boiler. Comparing the two systems analyzed, it was shown that the production and use of wood biomass to obtain thermal energy can lead to a reduction in the Global Warming Potential of over 70% compared to the use of fossil fuel.
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Hadrović, Sabahudin, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović, Miroslava Marković, and Đorđe Jović. "The value of biomass energy: The case study of "Crni Vrh-Deževski" in the Gornjeibarsko forest area." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 81-82 (2020): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081109h.
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Of all terrestrial ecosystems, forests are the most important carbon reservoirs. Therefore they deserve special care and protection. They are also an irreplaceable source of biomass for energy. Forest biomass has been used as a fuel since the earliest times, and since the late twentieth century, there has been a renewed interest in its use for the production of heat and electricity. Forest biomass has become interesting as a source of energy due to some of its characteristics, above all its availability and uniformity around the world, which implies that both developing and less developed countries can use biomass as a renewable source of energy. Furthermore, biomass fuel is considered to be CO2 neutral. However, its use is not risk-free. The risks are mainly related to the sustainability of forest systems and their productivity. Therefore, the forestry profession must be extremely cautious in using forest biomass and follow the prescribed allowable cut. This paper deals with the current state of biomass for energy, its estimates and properties as fuel. It studies the sustainability of biomass through the preservation of forest ecosystems and all multipurpose benefits of forests.
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Strapchuk, Svitlana. "PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 9(28) (2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).11.
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The article deals the analysis of production and consumption of bioenergy resources in agriculture. It is established that the assessment of resource potential is carried out with regard to the following energy trilemma: decarbonization, energy security and affordability, which significantly increases the interest in alternative fuels derived from renewable sources. In order to achieve sustainable development in the context of providing businesses with affordable and clean energy, national indicators relevant to the agricultural sector have been developed. Biomass production utilizes both land and human resourse to a greater extent than any other renewable energy technology, and can create sustainable supply chains. It has been proven that the use of biomass improves the supply and access to energy at the local and national levels, but also reduces waste disposal, provides an alternative use of biomass or fossil resources. It is noted that the main products of biomass processing are solid and liquid biofuels, biogas. Ukraine's energy strategy 2035 suggests an increase in the use of biomass in energy generation up to 11,5 %, and the main stimulus for growth is the use of green tariff. Biomass production requires the largest amount of land resources compared to other alternative sources. It limits the use of sown areas for food crops in favor of bioenergy crops. In particular, the raw materials for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine are sugar, starch crops and cellulose materials, which are converted into the final product by alcohol and sugar factories. Biodiesel production is not widespread enough, and more than 95 % of the gross harvest of rapeseed and soybeans used for its production in 2019 was exported. In the structure of solid biofuels, agricultural waste, in particular straw, stalks and husks, has the greatest potential for the use. Thus, biomass is an alternative energy resource that creates significant prospects for sustainable agriculture, but wholesale energy tariffs need to be revised to take into account external factors that consider insurance risks and increased environmental taxation, which is low in Ukraine.
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Hesselink, Trevor P. "Increasing pressures to use forest biomass: A conservation viewpoint." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86028-1.
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Various policy, economic, and social drivers are pushing us towards utilizing our forests for a changing mix of products that include returning to them for biomass as a fuel source. While this is a use with some limited merit, it must be considered prudently and with the ecological limits of our forests clearly identified and understood before substantially investing our public resources towards this purpose. There is enough scientific evidence to suggest that caution and restraint is needed so that we can identify key ecological impacts and define sites on which increased fibre harvesting is not appropriate before biomass policies are put in place. Information is needed on monitoring methods, and effects on site productivity, biodiversity, and carbon cycling; full economic analyses and life-cycle carbon accounting is needed. Perverse incentives need to be avoided. A precautionary path is therefore required that makes ecosystem sustainability a priority, that builds confidence in application of current practices, that includes environmental assessment and pilot programs, and that operates under a clear regulatory regime that integrates bioenergy removals within clear forest management plans. The pervasive impacts of climate change are converging with an economic opportunity to set the groundwork for our next forest economy, and biomass utilization policy will play a key role in how well we choose to manage our forest resources in this unique context. To proceed with maximization of use as the dominant management priority is to ignore the critical obligation that managers must appreciate: that our forest resources have limits to their exploitation from which, once exceeded, they do not easily recover. On the evidence available, this is a time for government policy makers to take the precautionary path in allocating our forest biomass, and to ensure that we are comfortably living on the interest from our forest ecosystems but not tapping into its capital. Key words: biomass, sustainability, policy, conservation, full-tree harvesting, environmental impacts, intensity, carbon, utilization pressures
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Ruggeri, G. C. "Bioenergy Use in Canada." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 5 (October 1986): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400504.
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This paper presents estimates of forest biomass use by province in Canada for 1984. It shows that forest biomass makes a significant contribution to the energy supply mix of Canada's residential and industrial sectors; it also shows that there are wide inter-provincial differences in the utilization of forest biomass.
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Lopes, Tiago F., and Rafał M. Łukasik. "Economic, social and environmental impacts attained by the use of the effluents generated within a small-scale biorefinery concept." Acta Innovations, no. 36 (September 30, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.36.5.
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Biorefineries are emerging as the proper route to defeat climate change and other social, socio-economic and environmental concerns. So far, no residual lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries have been yet industrially implemented, mainly due to its economic viability. This article exposes some elements that may help overcome the bottlenecks associated to its social, economic and environmental sustainability: small-scale approaches, biomass valorisation through added-value products and near-zero effluent.
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Balat, M. "Global Status of Biomass Energy Use." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 31, no. 13 (August 14, 2009): 1160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030801952201.
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Ranta, Tapio, Antti Karhunen, and Mika Laihanen. "Sustainability of Forest-Based Bioenergy—A Case Study of Students Surveyed at a University in Finland." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145667.
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With the increasing use of forest biomass, concerns about negative impacts have been raised in the debate. The aim of this study was to find out the attitude of university students towards the energy use of forest-based biomass and how different areas of sustainable forest operations were addressed. The survey was conducted over two years (2018–2019) with both full-time students at university and distance learning students who study alongside their work. Background information such as gender, nationality and field of study was collected from students. Most of the students currently considered the energy use of forest biomass to be sustainable. Many replies stressed that the situation could change if the use of forests is increased from the present circumstances. The main factors mentioned that led to forest-based bioenergy being sustainable were positive felling balance, compliance with forest certification, use of waste fractions and implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) directive, while the loss of biodiversity, over-exploitation of forests, C debt and the cascading principle were factors that led to forest-based bioenergy being unsustainable. Student background variables had no effect on responses except for the field of study.
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Teixeira, Elisabete Rodrigues, Aires Camões, and Fernando G. Branco. "Effect of using biomass fly ash on the concrete sustainability." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0610.
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Biomass fly ash has been studied has a partial cement material, since this material has a positive effect on concrete properties. Even though, some mixes with BFA presents a positive benefit, they need to be economically competitive and present a good environmental performance. So, the analyse and comparison of concrete that uses BFA as raw material substitution in terms of environmental impacts related to the production of conventional concrete. One of the best approaches to develop this type of study is to use the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This method quantifies both the input flows, such as energy, water and materials, as well as the output flows, such as CO2 emission, solid wastes and liquid wastes. Based both on the abovementioned context and methodological approach, a quantification and comparison of potential environmental impacts resulting from the production of 1 m3 of concrete was made, using different types of binder and quantities of cement substitution.
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Portner, Benjamin, Antonio Valente, and Sandy Guenther. "Sustainability Assessment of Combined Animal Fodder and Fuel Production from Microalgal Biomass." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111351.
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We present a comparative environmental and social life cycle assessment (ELCA and SLCA) of algal fuel and fodder co-production (AF + fodder) versus algal fuel and energy co-production (AF + energy). Our ELCA results indicate that fodder co-production offers an advantage in the following categories: climate change (biogenic, land use and land use change, total), ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, ionizing radiation, photochemical ozone creation, and land use. By contrast, the AF + energy system yields lower impacts in the other 11 out of 19 Environmental Footprint impact categories. Only AF + fodder offers greenhouse gas reduction compared to petroleum diesel (−25%). Our SLCA results indicate that AF + fodder yields lower impacts in the following categories: fair salaries, forced labor, gender wage gap, health expenditure, unemployment, and violation of employment laws and regulations. AF + energy performs favorably in the other three out of nine social indicators. We conclude that the choice of co-products has a strong influence on the sustainability of algal fuel production. Despite this, none of the compared systems are found to yield a consistent advantage in the environmental or social dimension. It is, therefore, not possible to recommend a co-production strategy without weighing environmental and social issues.
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Casau, Margarida, Diana C. M. Cancela, João C. O. Matias, Marta Ferreira Dias, and Leonel J. R. Nunes. "Coal to Biomass Conversion as a Path to Sustainability: A Hypothetical Scenario at Pego Power Plant (Abrantes, Portugal)." Resources 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10080084.
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Energy consumption is associated with economic growth, but it comes with a toll regarding the environment. Renewable energies can be considered substitutes for fossil fuels and may contribute to reducing the environmental degradation that the world is presently facing. With this research, we aimed to offer a broader view of the state-of-the-art in this field, particularly regarding coal and biomass. The main objective is to present a viable and sustainable solution for the coal power plants still in operation, using as a hypothetical example the Pego Power Plant, the last operating coal fueled power plant in Portugal. After the characterization of land use and energy production in Portugal, and more particularly in the Médio Tejo region, where the power plant is located, the availability of biomass was assessed and it was concluded that the volume of biomass needed to keep the Pego power plant working exclusively with biomass is much lower than the yearly growth volume of biomass in the region, which means that this transition would be viable in a sustainable way. This path is aligned with policies to fight climate change, since the use of biomass for energy is characterized by low levels of GHGs emissions when compared to coal. The risk of rural fires would be reduced, and the economic and social impact for this region would be positive.
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Sperandio, Giulio, Andrea Acampora, Vincenzo Civitarese, Sofia Bajocco, and Marco Bascietto. "Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020158.
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The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final transformation is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as a renewable energy source. Transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process, which limits choices in this sector, often inhibiting any expansive trends. A geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. This study reports on the sustainability of transport costs calculated for different types of biomass sources available close a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, located in central Italy. To calculate the transport cost referred to the identified areas we used the maximum travel time parameter. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around €40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of €12 Mg−1.
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Pedron, Francesca, Martina Grifoni, Meri Barbafieri, Gianniantonio Petruzzelli, Elisabetta Franchi, Carmen Samà, Liliana Gila, et al. "New Light on Phytoremediation: The Use of Luminescent Solar Concentrators." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041923.
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The latest developments in photovoltaic studies focus on the best use of the solar spectrum through Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC). Due to their structural characteristics, LSC panels allow considerable energy savings. This significant saving can also be of great interest in the remediation of contaminated sites, which nowadays requires green interventions characterized by high environmental sustainability. This study reported the evaluation of LSC panels in phytoremediation feasibility tests. Three plant species were used at a microcosm scale on soil contaminated by arsenic and lead. The experiments were conducted by comparing plants grown under LSC panels doped with Lumogen Red F305 (BASF) with plants grown under polycarbonate panels used for greenhouse construction. The results showed a higher production of biomass by the plants grown under the LSC panels. The uptake of the two contaminants by plants was the same in both the growing conditions, thus resulting in an increased total accumulation (defined as metal concentration times produced biomass) in plants grown under LSC panels, indicating an overall higher phytoextraction efficiency. This seems to confirm the potential that LSCs have to be building-integrated on greenhouse roofs, canopies, and shelters to produce electricity while increasing plants productivity, thus reducing environmental pollution, and increasing sustainability.
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Galang, Wenyville Nabor, Ian Dominic Tabañag, and Michael Loretero. "GIS-Based Biomass Energy Sustainability Analysis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study in Medellin, Cebu." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.0.33260.
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The increasing demand for energy accounts for an alternative energy source. The search for biomass being abundant in an agricultural country is a suitable option to power a community. This paper used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which includes the organized hierarchy of various selection criteria, the assessment of the relative value of criteria, the comparison and an aggregate rating of the alternatives for each criterion. Specifically, the methodology used was the combination of multi-criteria and weighted-overlay analysis in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment to provide a spatial overview of the sustainable location for sugarcane residues production in Medellin, Cebu. The study was able to identify Caputatan Sur and Canhabagat as sustainable locations for sugarcane residue production with respect to topography, cultivation area and accessibility. These locations represent 26% of the total cultivation area and average sugarcane production of the locality. The result of this study is an initial step in the support for the utilization of sugarcane residues to answer energy demand in remote areas and further promote the use of indigenous resources for energy generation.
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Abhilash, P. C., and Mohammad Yunus. "Can we use biomass produced from phytoremediation?" Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 3 (March 2011): 1371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.013.
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Bloom, David E., Anita K. M. Zaidi, and Ethan Yeh. "The demographic impact of biomass fuel use." Energy for Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (September 2005): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60522-0.
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Grover, Atul, Lekha Charan Meher, Ranjit Singh, Abhinav Singh, Sudhanshu Tiwari, Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi, and Madhu Bala. "Biofuels for Defence Use: Past, Present And Future." Defence Life Science Journal 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.4.12366.
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Defence sector desires to attain energy self-sufficiency and security. In recent years, emergence of biofuel as an alternative source has raised the hopes of Defence. Ethanol and bio-diesel are currently being used as blends in different parts of the world. While, bio-diesel is mostly being blended in 2-20% in different parts of the world, ethanol blending has reached upto 85%. Owing to the sustainability reasons, the choice of feedstock for ethanol production is gradually changing from corn to lignocelluloses biomass. Jatropha curcas, is still the choice feedstockfor bio-diesel in most third world countries. This institute has put in rigrous efforts to identify high yielding varieties of Jatropha, improving its yield, standardizing trans-esterification to obtain high quality bio-diesel and its trials and testing in various vehicles and equipment. Second generation biofuels using biomass such as farm and forest wastes as feedstocks are promising in terms of their overall sustainability and volume produced. They can be used as drop in fuels. However, time is required to utilize their potential fully. Algae, the third generation biofuel feedstock still needs extensive R&D to make it economically sustainable. Whatever, the technology used, defence forces will accept any biofuel, which should be available constantly and priced below the existing petroleum fuels. The scope of producing by-products and finding a lucarative market for these products can ensure that prices ofbiofuels remain lower than the petroleum fuels
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Oves, Mohammad, Huda A. Qari, and Iqbal MI Ismail. "Biofuel formation from microalgae: A renewable energy source for eco-sustainability." Current World Environment 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 04–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.1.2.
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In the current scenario, biofuel production from microalgae is beneficial to sustainability. Recently, one of the most pressing concerns has been finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy sources to meet rising energy demands without jeopardizing environmental integrity. Microalgae provide a viable biomass feedstock for biofuel production as the global market for biofuels rises. Biodiesel made from biomass is usually regarded as one of the best natural substitutes to fossil fuels and a sustainable means of achieving energy security and economic and environmental sustainability. Cultivating genetically modified algae has been followed in recent decades of biofuel research and has led to the commercialization of algal biofuel. If it is integrated with a favorable government policy on algal biofuels and other byproducts, it will benefit society. Biofuel technology is a troublesome but complementary technology that will provide long-term solutions to environmental problems. Microalgae have high lipid content oil, fast growth rates, the ability to use marginal and infertile land, grow in wastewater and salty water streams and use solar light and CO2 gas as nutrients for high biomass development. Recent findings suggest nano additives or nanocatalysts like nano-particles, nano-sheet, nano-droplets, and nanotubes. Some specific structures used at various stages during microalgae cultivation and harvesting of the final products can enhance the biofuel efficiency and applicability without any negative impact on the environment. It offers a fantastic opportunity to produce large amounts of biofuels in an eco-friendly and long-term manner.
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Carvalho, Ricardo Luís, Pooja Yadav, Natxo García-López, Robert Lindgren, Gert Nyberg, Rocio Diaz-Chavez, Venkata Krishna Kumar Upadhyayula, Christoffer Boman, and Dimitris Athanassiadis. "Environmental Sustainability of Bioenergy Strategies in Western Kenya to Address Household Air Pollution." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030719.
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Over 640 million people in Africa are expected to rely on solid-fuels for cooking by 2040. In Western Kenya, cooking inefficiently persists as a major cause of burden of disease due to household air pollution. Efficient biomass cooking is a local-based renewable energy solution to address this issue. The Life-Cycle Assessment tool Simapro 8.5 is applied for analyzing the environmental impact of four biomass cooking strategies for the Kisumu County, with analysis based on a previous energy modelling study, and literature and background data from the Ecoinvent and Agrifootprint databases applied to the region. A Business-As-Usual scenario (BAU) considers the trends in energy use until 2035. Transition scenarios to Improved Cookstoves (ICS), Pellet-fired Gasifier Stoves (PGS) and Biogas Stoves (BGS) consider the transition to wood-logs, biomass pellets and biogas, respectively. An Integrated (INT) scenario evaluates a mix of the ICS, PGS and BGS. In the BGS, the available biomass waste is sufficient to be upcycled and fulfill cooking demands by 2035. This scenario has the lowest impact on all impact categories analyzed followed by the PGS and INT. Further work should address a detailed socio-economic analysis of the analyzed scenarios.
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Locoh, Ayaovi, Évelyne Thiffault, and Simon Barnabé. "Sustainability Impact Assessment of Forest Bioenergy Value Chains in Quebec (Canada)—A ToSIA Approach." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186676.
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Forest bioenergy value chains can offer attractive opportunities to promote economic development and mitigate climate change. However, implementing profitable and efficient forest biomass value chains requires overcoming barriers that continue to hinder the development of bioenergy systems in several jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to compare the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of various potential configurations of forest bioenergy value chains, including forest biomass supply and bioenergy production chains, in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec (Canada), which is a jurisdiction that has considerable forest resources but makes little use of bioenergy. We based our study on the ToSIA model parameterization and compared various policy measures, biomass supply, and logistics scenarios for 2008 and 2030. Our results showed that wood chip and pellet value chains in the Capitale-Nationale region would positively contribute to the regional economy in 2030, even in the absence of subsidies. Moreover, actions to increase biomass feedstock mobilization in 2030 would lead to an increase in gross value added, employment, and energy production in the region compared with 2008 and a greater increase than other considered policy or logistical measures. However, increased biomass feedstock mobilization would also mean higher relative GHG emissions and more fossil fuel energy input per unit of bioenergy than in the other scenarios. Conversely, optimizing biomass feedstock and combustion technologies could help minimize the fossil fuel energy input needed and GHG and some non-GHG pollutant emissions. Overall, our study suggested that implementing policy and logistical measures for forest biomass value chains could make the significant mobilization of forest bioenergy attainable and, in turn, Quebec’s 2030 bioenergy target of 17 petajoules realistic.
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Takács, István, and Katalin Takács-György. "Arguments for the optimisation of using biomass for energy production." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2013): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/17.
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Using biomass to produce energy is not a new idea. In the past, the by-products of energy(?) production processes or naturally grown materials were mainly used for energy production. At the same time, during the production of biomass the conventional sources of energy are used (fuels, the embodied energy of which is used in the production of the biomass and equipment, etc.) which must be taken into account when determining the net energy production. This research aims to examine how to optimise the production and use of biomass energy and its supply chain in the energetic and economic criteria system, as well as how to impact upon the managing models of the processes to the energetic and economic parameters of the supply chain; we ask what criteria characterise the natural (environmental), economic and social sustainability, and how they can be implemented e.g. within the framework of an innovation cluster. This article describes a test model, and analyses the results of the model examinations and the conditions for compliance with sustainability criteria. Arguing the environmental, economic and social sustainability among the criteria of the model for evaluation is not possible at all times by means of direct indicators. The results of the research proved that only multi-criteria optimisation models serve a proper decision-making instrument for the evaluation of biomass utilisation for energy production.
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Lemus, Rocky, David J. Parrish, and Ozzie Abaye. "Nitrogen-Use Dynamics in Switchgrass Grown for Biomass." BioEnergy Research 1, no. 2 (June 2008): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9014-x.
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Panoutsou, Calliope, Sara Giarola, Dauda Ibrahim, Simone Verzandvoort, Berien Elbersen, Cato Sandford, Chris Malins, et al. "Opportunities for Low Indirect Land Use Biomass for Biofuels in Europe." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094623.
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Sustainable biofuels are an important tool for the decarbonisation of transport. This is especially true in aviation, maritime, and heavy-duty sectors with limited short-term alternatives. Their use by conventional transport fleets requires few changes to the existing infrastructure and engines, and thus their integration can be smooth and relatively rapid. Provision of feedstock should comply with sustainability principles for (i) producing additional biomass without distorting food and feed markets and (ii) addressing challenges for ecosystem services, including biodiversity, and soil quality. This paper performs a meta-analysis of current research for low indirect land use change (ILUC) risk biomass crops for sustainable biofuels that benefited either from improved agricultural practices or from cultivation in unused, abandoned, or severely degraded land. Two categories of biomass crops are considered here: oil and lignocellulosic. The findings confirm that there are significant opportunities to cultivate these crops in European agro-ecological zones with sustainable agronomic practices both in farming land and in land with natural constraints (unused, abandoned, and degraded land). These could produce additional low environmental impact feedstocks for biofuels and deliver economic benefits to farmers.
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Rodias, Efthymios, Remigio Berruto, Dionysis Bochtis, Alessandro Sopegno, and Patrizia Busato. "Green, Yellow, and Woody Biomass Supply-Chain Management: A Review." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153020.
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Various sources of biomass contribute significantly in energy production globally given a series of constraints in its primary production. Green biomass sources (such as perennial grasses), yellow biomass sources (such as crop residues), and woody biomass sources (such as willow) represent the three pillars in biomass production by crops. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive review on research studies targeted to advancements at biomass supply-chain management in connection to these three types of biomass sources. A framework that classifies the works in problem-based and methodology-based approaches was followed. Results show the use of modern technological means and tools in current management-related problems. From the review, it is evident that the presented up-to-date trends on biomass supply-chain management and the potential for future advanced approach applications play a crucial role on business and sustainability efficiency of biomass supply chain.
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Fortes, António Gonçalves, and Baltazar Raimundo. "Bioenergia em Moçambique: tecnologias de produção, uso e aspetos sustentáveis." Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico em Debate 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18616/rdsd.v6i1.5777.
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Face aos problemas socioambientais e econômicos resultantes do uso dos combustíveis fósseis, Moçambique vem implementado diversos projetos de inclusão das energias renováveis (ER) na matriz energética nacional. Uma alternativa promissora é o uso da bioenergia, com vista a explorar seu potencial para produção de energia de forma sustentável. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo objetiva realizar a caracterização do setor de biomassa e bioenergia em Moçambique, através das tecnologias usadas no processamento, o contexto legal e os aspetos sustentáveis na produção e utilização desta fonte. Os resultados mostram que a biomassa (sólida, liquida e gasosa) pode ser utilizada diretamente para geração de calor e/ou eletricidade. A biomassa lenhosa é a mais usada pela população moçambicana para fins domésticos, e casualmente, para fins comercial e industrial. Concluir que, para o atual cenário nacional, a inclusão da biomassa derivada de rejeitos urbanos e industriais pode resolver, em simultâneo, o problema energético e de gestão de resíduos. É sustentável a relação entre a produção de alimento – geração de energia – preservação do meio ambiente. E o uso de tecnologias eficientes na geração dos biocombustíveis reduz os impactos ambientais e a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis, para além de promover os serviços de maior qualidade, contribuir para o aumento da eficiência de conversão e na sustentabilidade energética, especialmente na área rural.Palavras chaves: bioenergia; fonte alternativa; tecnologias de produção; sustentabilidade.Bioenergy in Mozambique: production technologies, use and sustainable aspectsABSTRACTIn view of the socio-environmental and economic problems resulting from the use of fossil fuels, Mozambique has implemented several projects to include renewable energies (RE) in the national energy matrix. A promising alternative is the use of bioenergy, with a view to exploring its potential for sustainable energy production. In this perspective, this article aims to characterize the bioenergy sector in Mozambique, through the technologies used in the conversion, the legal context and the sustainable aspects in the production and use of this source. The results show that biomass (solid, liquid and gaseous) can be used directly to generate heat and/or electricity. Woody biomass is the most used by the Mozambican population for domestic purposes, and casually, for commercial and industrial purposes. To conclude that, for the current national scenario, the inclusion of biomass derived from urban and industrial waste can simultaneously solve the energy and waste management problem. The relationship between food production - energy generation - preservation of the environment is sustainable. And the use of efficient technologies in generation of biofuels reduces environmental impacts and dependence on fossil fuels, in addition to promoting higher quality services, contributing to increasing conversion efficiency and energy sustainability, especially in rural areas.Keywords: bioenergy; alternative source; production technologies; sustainability.
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Majchrzak, Magdalena, Piotr Szczypa, and Krzysztof Adamowicz. "Supply of Wood Biomass in Poland in Terms of Extraordinary Threat and Energy Transition." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 5381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155381.
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In this article, we present the possibility of applying the concept of elasticity in the system of sustainable energy development through the use of wood biomass. We used a dual (socio-ecological and economic) approach to sustainable energy development. The research was carried out using the methods of reduction reasoning, scientific observation, and examination of source documents. We identified crisis threats in the context of sustainable energy development. Then, we analyzed the supply of wood biomass in Poland, taking into account its geographical location. As a result, we identified and characterized the causal relationships between the assumptions of the concept of resistance and the sustainable development of energy with the use of wood biomass. We found that the concepts of resilience can be adapted to assessing energy sustainability. This adaptation is based on resilience, flexibility, and strategic ability to revitalize the country. We found that five key threats (extreme weather events, climate breakdown, pollution, infectious diseases, loss of biodiversity) affect both the energy-sustainability system and forest management, and the relationship is two-way. We show that the production of forest biomass is compatible with modern forest management and supports the implementation of sustainable energy development, which takes place under the concept of resilience.
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Balat, Mustafa. "Use of biomass sources for energy in Turkey and a view to biomass potential." Biomass and Bioenergy 29, no. 1 (July 2005): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.02.004.
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Moore, Sarah A., M. Scott Wells, Russ W. Gesch, Roger L. Becker, Carl J. Rosen, and Melissa L. Wilson. "Pennycress as a Cash Cover-Crop: Improving the Sustainability of Sweet Corn Production Systems." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050614.
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Commercial sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) production has a proportionally high potential for nutrient loss to waterways, due to its high nitrogen (N) requirements and low N use efficiency. Cover crops planted after sweet corn can help ameliorate N lost from the field, but farmers are reluctant to utilize cover crops due to a lack of economic incentive. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter annual that can provide both economic and environmental benefits. Five N-rates (0, 65, 135, 135 split and 200) were applied pre-plant to sweet corn. After the sweet corn harvest, pennycress was planted into the sweet corn residue with two seeding methods and harvested for seed the following spring. Residual inorganic soil N (Nmin), pennycress biomass, biomass N and yield were measured. The nitrogen rate and seeding method had no effect on pennycress yield, biomass, or biomass N content. The nitrogen rate positively affected Nmin at pennycress seeding, wherein 200N plots had 38–80% higher Nmin than 0N plots, but had no effect on Nmin at pennycress harvest. Control treatments without pennycress had an average of 27–42% greater Nmin. In conclusion, pennycress can act as an effective N catch crop, and produce an adequate seed yield after sweet corn without the need for supplemental fertilization.
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Ajala, E. O., M. A. Ajala, G. S. Akinpelu, and V. C. Akubude. "Cultivation and Processing of Microalgae for Its Sustainability as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i4.8.
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Microalgae are becoming sustainable alternative feedstocks to food crops for biodiesel production which can also solve the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. However, several challenges about microalgae’s cultivation, harvesting, pre-treatment and extraction processes as well as the technology of biodiesel production affect its sustainability. This study proffers solutions to these challenges and recommended that hybrid culture systems with genetically engineered microalgal species would overcome the challenges of cultivation. The coagulation/flocculation method was adjudged the best harvesting process of the microalgae for its sustainability for biodiesel production. The pre-treatment by ultrasound coupled with enzymatic extraction was suggested best, due to their numerous advantages over other methods. A novel integrated ultrasound-enzyme-enzyme in-situ pre-treatment-extraction-transesterification design is considered a sustainable approach to utilising microalgae biomass for biodiesel production. The study concludes that the microalgae biomass is more than sufficient to meet the global energy demand and can be economically harnessed as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production.
HIGHLIGHTS
•Microalgae contain sufficient characteristics for their sustainability for biodiesel production.• Implementation of genetic strategies of microalgal species by cultivating in a hybrid system is the key to microalgae sustainability.• Harvesting of microalgae by coagulation/flocculation method would promote its efficient lipid recovery.• Microalgae are novel feedstocks with a rigid cell wall, its lipid extraction requires the use of effective and efficient pre-treatment.• The ultrasound-enzymatic extraction and enzymatic transesterification in an in-situ process can sustainably utilise microalgae biomass for biodiesel production.
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Mather-Gratton, Zachary James, Søren Larsen, and Niclas Scott Bentsen. "Understanding the sustainability debate on forest biomass for energy in Europe: A discourse analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): e0246873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246873.
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The legislative process before the adoption of the revised European Union renewable energy directive mobilised various actors around the forest biomass issue in Europe. Which storylines do actors use to discuss and define the sustainability of forest biomass, how are the differences between the existing storylines explained, and can distinct ‘discourse coalitions’ of actors be observed as following each storyline? These questions are addressed through a discourse analysis to critically evaluate the debate around the utilisation of forest biomass for European renewable energy to identify persistent storylines adopted by discourse coalitions as they communicate their understanding of the issue, and compete to influence the policymaking and public perception. The hypotheses are that there are more than the hypothetical binary arrangement of pro versus anti storylines, and that some actors follow multiple storylines. Locating the methodological approach on the two dimensions; text versus context and critical versus constructivist, this study pays closer attention to context rather than on individual linguistic elements of texts. Regarding the second dimension, this study builds upon constructivist epistemology, being concerned with understanding which truths these storylines produce for their speakers, and their external influences upon alternative storylines and actors. The three storylines presented here represent three competing discourses regarding forest biomass usage in European renewable energy: forestry prioritised, climate focussed and critical. Each of these are promoted by actors aiming to gain discursive hegemony on the issue, both in terms of the impact of their discourse upon EU policy making and in the eyes of the public. Despite the discursive differences created by these deeply held opposing views of what sustainability and nature are and what this means for forest biomass, there were several points where narrative elements overlapped. These can provide insight for developing a more constructive debate on the sustainability of forest biomass.
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R Darmawan, S. A. C., A. L. Sihombing, and D. G. Cendrawati. "Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 926, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012009.
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Abstract The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.
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Rivera, Josepth A., and Cesar H. Ortega-Jimenez. "Power Generation with Biomass from Coffee: A Literature Review, Current Trend and Scope for Future Research." MATEC Web of Conferences 293 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929305002.
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This paper takes on the current R&D on the use of biomass from coffee for electric power. This comprehensive literature review aims to synthesize, organize and structure on topics related to the use of solid waste, such as coffee pulp and husk for boilers for power plants. Initial available literature shows new technologies being implemented to transform and improve processes to obtain and generate this type of renewable energy. Using a systematic review, such coffee solid waste is presented as a bioenergy alternative to the sustainability of coffee processing plants. The results show the strengths and weaknesses of its use for energy, which may have significant impact on coffee producing countries, as it is one of the most booming industries of the countries from the equatorial tropics. Despite a wide range of applications of such coffee waste, we have identified few studies on the application of pyrolysis from such biomass power generation. This first review of literature on the subject has both practical implications about the current trend of coffee biomass as a means for generating energy, as well as it can be a basis for the scope for future research on the implementation and sustainability in coffee producing regions.
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Loi, Martina, Olga Glazunova, Tatyana Fedorova, Antonio F. Logrieco, and Giuseppina Mulè. "Fungal Laccases: The Forefront of Enzymes for Sustainability." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121048.
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Enzymatic catalysis is one of the main pillars of sustainability for industrial production. Enzyme application allows minimization of the use of toxic solvents and to valorize the agro-industrial residues through reuse. In addition, they are safe and energy efficient. Nonetheless, their use in biotechnological processes is still hindered by the cost, stability, and low rate of recycling and reuse. Among the many industrial enzymes, fungal laccases (LCs) are perfect candidates to serve as a biotechnological tool as they are outstanding, versatile catalytic oxidants, only requiring molecular oxygen to function. LCs are able to degrade phenolic components of lignin, allowing them to efficiently reuse the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of enzymes, bioactive compounds, or clean energy, while minimizing the use of chemicals. Therefore, this review aims to give an overview of fungal LC, a promising green and sustainable enzyme, its mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and solutions for its use as a tool to reduce the environmental and economic impact of industrial processes with a particular insight on the reuse of agro-wastes.
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Ketov, Aleksandr, Natalia Sliusar, Anna Tsybina, Iurii Ketov, Sergei Chudinov, Marina Krasnovskikh, and Vladimir Bosnic. "Plant Biomass Conversion to Vehicle Liquid Fuel as a Path to Sustainability." Resources 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11080075.
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Biofuel such as linseed oil has an energy potential of 48.8 MJ/kg, which is much lower than fossil diesel fuel 57.14 MJ/kg. Existing biofuels need to increase the energy potential for use in traditional engines. Moreover, biofuel production demands cheap feedstock, for example, sawdust. The present paper shows that the technology to synthesize high-energy liquid vehicle fuels with a gross calorific value up to 53.6 MJ/kg from renewable sources of plant origin is possible. Slow pyrolysis was used to produce high-energy biofuel from sawdust and linseed oil. The proposed approach will allow not only to preserve the existing high-tech energy sources of high unit capacity based on the combustion of liquid fuels, but also to make the transition to reducing the carbon footprint and, in the future, to carbon neutrality by replacing fossil carbon of liquid hydrocarbon fuels with the carbon produced from biomass.
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Pehlken, Alexandra, Kalle Wulf, Kevin Grecksch, Thomas Klenke, and Nina Tsydenova. "More Sustainable Bioenergy by Making Use of Regional Alternative Biomass?" Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197849.
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Bioenergy is a building block of the ongoing transformation toward renewables-based energy systems. Bioenergy supply chains are regionally embedded and need to be seen in a place-based context with specific characteristics and constraints. Using a German case study, the potential of regionally embedded bioenergy chains in the past and the future is analyzed and discussed in this paper. The analysis integrates socio-ecological data and applies sustainability criteria in a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enriched Evaluation (PROMETHEE) methodology. The case study is focused on an industrial biogas fermenter in northwestern Germany, which currently uses predominantly maize as a substrate for bioenergy. Objectives for future development according to the ambitions of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) discussion are set and include the involvement of the farmer as biogas plant operator and other regional stakeholders. Since the focus of the research is put on the contribution of alternative biomass, such as grass, for the optimization of bioenergy settings, the question concentrates on how different mixtures of alternative biomass can be embedded into a sustainable management of both the landscape and the energy system. The main findings are threefold: (i) bioenergy supply chains that involve alternative biomass and grass from grasslands provide optimization potentials compared to the current corn-based practice, (ii) with respect to more sustainable practices, grass from grassland and alternative bioenergy supply chains are ranked higher than chains with increased shares of corn silage, and, more generic, (iii) optimization potentials relate to several spheres of the social–ecological system where the bioenergy structure is embedded. To conclude, sustainable enablers are discussed to realize optimization potentials and emphasize the integration of regional stakeholders in making use of alternative biomass and in making regional bioenergy more sustainable.
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Dale, Virginia H., Matthew H. Langholtz, Beau M. Wesh, and Laurence M. Eaton. "Environmental and Socioeconomic Indicators for Bioenergy Sustainability as Applied toEucalyptus." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/215276.
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Eucalyptusis a fast-growing tree native to Australia and could be used to supply biomass for bioenergy and other purposes along the coastal regions of the southeastern United States (USA). At a farmgate price of $66 dry Mg−1, a potential supply of 27 to 41.3 million dry Mg year−1ofEucalyptuscould be produced on about 1.75 million ha in the southeastern USA. A proposed suite of indicators provides a practical and consistent way to measure the sustainability of a particular situation whereEucalyptusmight be grown as a feedstock for conversion to bioenergy. Applying this indicator suite toEucalyptusculture in the southeastern USA provides a basis for the practical evaluation of socioeconomic and environmental sustainability in those systems. Sustainability issues associated with usingEucalyptusfor bioenergy do not differ greatly from those of other feedstocks, for prior land-use practices are a dominant influence. Particular concerns focus on the potential for invasiveness, water use, and social acceptance. This paper discusses opportunities and constraints of sustainable production ofEucalyptusin the southeastern USA. For example, potential effects on sustainability that can occur in all five stages of the biofuel life cycle are depicted.
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TARIQ, A. S., and M. R. I. PURVIS. "INDUSTRIAL USE OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN SRI LANKA." International Journal of Energy Research 21, no. 5 (April 1997): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-114x(199704)21:5<447::aid-er278>3.0.co;2-e.
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Beluhova-Uzunova, R., M. Shishkova, and B. Ivanova. "THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS IN THE FUTURE BIOECONOMY." Trakia Journal of Sciences 19, Suppl.1 (2021): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.027.
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The European Commission presented the 2018 Bioeconomy strategy, which developed an action plan for a resource-efficient, competitive and sustainable economy. The bioeconomy sectors are also linked to the European Green Deal, Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition Communication, Farm to Folk Strategy and other innovation strategies. In the transition to a low carbon world, biomass plays a crucial role as an alternative to fossil resources. In the EU, agriculture is the main source of biomass with 68% of the total supply. The paper analyses European Union agricultural biomass potential, supply and use. Agricultural biomass is part of the core bioeconomy sectors and its demand is increasing. However, the potential of biomass and its alternative uses are a major concern. Biomass is a renewable but limited resource and, on that basis, it is important to outline the balance and to pay attention to the relationship between the nutritional and industrial needs of biomass in terms of food and energy security. The policy framework in this regard has to be complex and well-targeted. The biomass use could lead to a number of benefits associated with resolving global issues. On the other hand, if sustainability is not taken into account, the opportunities for inclusive growth and development will not be achieved.
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Keegan, Dearbhla, Bettina Kretschmer, Berien Elbersen, and Calliope Panoutsou. "Cascading use: a systematic approach to biomass beyond the energy sector." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 7, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1351.
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Castro Leal, Aldeci, Fabiana Rocha Pinto, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Manoel Henrique Reis Nascimento. "Analysis of Incentive Policies for the Use of Biomass as Energy Source." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1920.
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In the search for solutions on the efficient use of natural resources, much has been discussed about the importance of effective public policies, as a way to minimize problems with the scarcity of natural resources, and how to achieve the desired sustainability through the implementation and exploitation of natural resources. renewable energy sources generated by the expansion of energy supply, one of which being natural resources is Biomass. In this context, biomass emerges as a great potential to solve, or at least mitigate the effects of using petroleum-based energy sources, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG), the implementation of public incentive policies. The use of renewable sources has become a more than current theme in the various rounds of debates on the improvement of climatic conditions in Brazil and in the world. The objective of the research was to identify the incentive policies adopted by the Brazilian government that made possible the advances and contributions generated by the use of Biomass as a renewable energy source within the national territory. The adopted method considered the aspects of a descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative approach based on a survey of the theoretical framework, which was used as material, books and original articles based on electronically available databases, to review the literature. available literature. The results of this study show that several benefits have been found through the use of renewable energy sources such as biomass, but this energy source is still not widespread in the country, where this is attributed to the scarcity of public incentive policy that in its great Most address the use of renewable energy as a whole, specifying the use of biomass without differentiation.
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Danilovic, Milorad, and Dragan Gacic. "Sustainable use of forest and hunting resources." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2014): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf14s1025d.
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This paper presents the issue of the use of forest and hunting resources in Serbia, with special emphasis on their sustainability. The use of modern technological solutions in terms of sustainable use of forest and hunting resources should be seen through an analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts. The existing machinery used in Serbian forestry cannot respond to the current demands of forestry production. However, the current unfavourable conditions can be significantly improved with appropriate measures. The planning of a network of roads including a number of factors that directly and indirectly affect sustainable use is of great importance for the development of forestry and hunting. Wood biomass in Serbian forests should be used in the manner and to the extent that ensures the sustainability of ecosystems and the production of large quantities of energy. In recent years, non-timber forest products have gained importance, so that the income generated from their use is growing. The impact of newly adopted laws and bylaws in the field of forestry, hunting and the protection of nature and environment will depend primarily on their application, control, execution and possible amendments and adjustments.
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Souza, Márcio Araújo de, Isis Tavares Vilas-Boas, Jôse Maria Leite-da-Silva, Pérsia do Nascimento Abrahão, Barbara E. Teixeira-Costa, and Valdir F. Veiga-Junior. "Polysaccharides in Agro-Industrial Biomass Residues." Polysaccharides 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2022): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3010005.
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The large-scale industrial use of polysaccharides to obtain energy is one of the most discussed subjects in science. However, modern concepts of biorefinery have promoted the diversification of the use of these polymers in several bioproducts incorporating concepts of sustainability and the circular economy. This work summarizes the major sources of agro-industrial residues, physico-chemical properties, and recent application trends of cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, inulin, and pectin. These macromolecules were selected due to their industrial importance and valuable functional and biological applications that have aroused market interests, such as for the production of medicines, cosmetics, and sustainable packaging. Estimations of global industrial residue production based on major crop data from the United States Department of Agriculture were performed for cellulose content from maize, rice, and wheat, showing that these residues may contain up to 18%, 44%, and 35% of cellulose and 45%, 22%, and 22% of hemicellulose, respectively. The United States (~32%), China (~20%), and the European Union (~18%) are the main countries producing cellulose and hemicellulose-rich residues from maize, rice, and wheat crops, respectively. Pectin and inulin are commonly obtained from fruit (~30%) and vegetable (~28%) residues, while chitin and hyaluronic acid are primarily found in animal waste, e.g., seafood (~3%) and poultry (~4%).
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Pagels, Fernando, Ana Arias, Adriana Guerreiro, A. Catarina Guedes, and Maria Teresa Moreira. "Seaweed Cosmetics under the Spotlight of Sustainability." Phycology 2, no. 4 (October 30, 2022): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology2040021.
Full textAbstract:
Seaweeds represent a diverse and valuable source of cosmetic compounds such as vitamins, minerals, trace elements, amino acids, antioxidants, etc., with moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects. The so-called “blue cosmetics” represent a line of products related to the use of natural active ingredients and an important market share in major international cosmetic brands. To be recognised as environmentally sustainable, it is essential to ensure that algae-derived products comply with environmentally sound harvesting, production, and extraction practices. In this work, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was used to carry out an environmental impact assessment of the processing of the brown algae extract from Fucus vesiculosus and its comparative profile with the most used antioxidants in cosmetics: vitamin C and green tea extracts. Considering an equivalent formulation in antioxidant content, the results showed that seaweed has the lowest environmental load while green tea extracts have the highest environmental impact. Furthermore, to further reduce emissions from seaweed processing, the use of renewable energy sources and the valorisation of biomass residues as fertilisers in a circular economy approach are proposed.