Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainability Environmental Index (SEI)'
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Nguyen, Tien Dung, Ha Dung Hoang, Tan Quang Nguyen, Ubukata Fumikazu, Thao Phuong Thi Vo, and Chung Van Nguyen. "A multicriteria approach to assessing the sustainability of community-based ecotourism in Central Vietnam." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (October 3, 2022): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1938.
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Nature exploration, or ecotourism, has been an essential part of tourism, and today takes on a much broader meaning beyond tourism that includes conserving nature and culture and improving people’s lives, especially in the indigenous community. Community-based ecotourism (CBET) has specific benefits closely related to the sustainability of natural ecosystems and community development. CBET can be defined as nature-based tourism, helping shape the types of tourism services, planning and developing destinations provided by communities directly. CBET is supposed to be a sustainable alternative to mass tourism by its potential benefits in Vietnam. The study aims to evaluate the sustainability of four CBET destinations in Central Vietnam through a sustainable ecotourism index (SEI) formed by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based on the literature review, local people, and experts’ recommendations, a set of fourteen criteria categorized into five groups reflecting the critical attributes of the sustainable CBET that include environmental conservation, economic benefits, community participation, cultural preservation, and empowerment are analyzed. The raw data is obtained from in-depth interviews with 21 experts and 42 households. After normalizing, the results indicate that out of four CBET destinations, one is identified as high sustainability (SEI>4.2), two are neutral (3.4<SEI<4.2), and one is lower than (SEI<3.4). These findings provide implications for extending the AHP theory in tourism and policy implications toward sustainable development in future tourism.
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VARDARI, Luan, Rrezarta GASHI, and Hana GASHI AHMETI. "The Impact of Corporate Sustainability Index on BIST Sustainability Index." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p375.
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Mass production, which started with the industrial revolution, caused both the unconscious consumption of the resources and the damages to the ecological system after the production. In this respect, the concept of sustainability, which is one of the most important conception of responsibility, is gradually gaining value in terms of protecting resources and transferring them to future generations. (Mori and Christodoulou, 2012: 94-106). Sustainability In the first place, it has started to be used mostly in the management of natural resources; later, it was used in different fields such as sectoral practices and energy tourism (Diaz - Baltciro, Voces, Romero, 2011: 761-773). Today, the expectations of the society from the enterprises have changed compared to the past. These changing expectations lead businesses to new searches. The most important concept that guides these quests is to be sustainable. The concept of sustainability for enterprises gains a new dimension in the form of corporate sustainability”. For corporate sustainability, it is possible for organizations to achieve individual results only to a certain extent. Because companies are affected to a great extent by all kinds of economic, social and even cultural formations occurring in their environment (Kuşat, 2012: 238). The most important benefit of sustainability indices is that it leads to improvements in transparency without the need for regulations, better understanding of the social and environmental impacts of companies and guiding them to reduce the negative effects of company activities. The BIST Index serves as a guide for companies on what to measure, what needs to be developed and what can be explained. Thus, it creates opportunities for companies to see social and environmental risks and opportunities and to manage their sustainability performances correctly. The index, on the other hand, provides information to investors and the community about the sustainability performance of companies. The aim of this study is whether the BIST Sustainable Index makes a difference for companies compared to BIST 100. "Does the BIST Sustainability Index really make a difference?" will be examined. In this context, data between 2014-2018 of BIST Sustainability and BIST 100 index will be examined. Based on the results obtained in the study, it shows that there is no strong evidence of the impact of inclusion in the BIST Sustainability Index on the stock returns of companies. At the same time, the BIST Sustainability Index has been shown to have similar returns to the BIST 100 Index. Key Words: Sustainability Index, BIST, Corporate.
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Haine, Kamel, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Evaluation of Solar Energy Efficiency by Composite Index over Four Continents." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0058.
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Abstract This paper aims to provide an evaluation of solar energy efficiency by composite index and to compare the value of solar energy across 19 countries located over four continents: Europe, Africa, America, and Asia. 15 indicators were evaluated for the year of 2019 and grouped into four dimensions: economic, social, technical, and environmental. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to estimate the weight of each indicator, and consistency tests were calculated to evaluate weight efficiency. The obtained results of the SEI reveals that the technical dimension and economic dimension play an important role in the solar energy efficiency of a country. The results indicate potential improvement areas for increasing solar efficiency. SEI can be used as a tool in assessing solar energy potential integration in a country.
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Kocamiş, Tuğçe Uzun, and Gülçin Yildirim. "Sustainability Reporting in Turkey: Analysis of Companies in the BIST Sustainability Index." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v6i1.p41-51.
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Sustainability reporting is a responsibility practice that towards sustainable development goals as related to corporate performance measurement, explaining and being accountable to internal and external stakeholders. Non-financial information relating to operating activities can be disclosed through sustainability reports. Sustainability reporting is a vital step of managing change towards a sustainable global economy—one that combines long-term profitability with environmental care and social justice. Sustainability reports developed using the GRI Reporting Framework covers results and consequences the emerged in the context of organization's commitments, strategy and management approach during the reporting period. Through the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Framework, the GRI works to increase the transparency and exchange of sustainability-related information. The Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index, published since 2014 is an important development for the business in Turkey which is aimed sustainable development. Sustainability reports have been prepared on a voluntary basis in Turkey and in many countries. In line with global developments the number of business is increasing who prefer to explain activities of economic, environmental and social dimensions through corporate sustainability reports in Turkey as well. This study conceptually reviews sustainability reporting and its benefits for the business. In order to see the effectiveness of the sustainability reports, sustainability reports of business in the BIST sustainability index will be subjected to content analysis basis GRI Reporting Principles on voluntary basis.
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Singh, Ajay Kumar, Bhim Jyoti, Sanjeev Kumar, and Sanjaya Kumar Lenka. "Assessment of Global Sustainable Development, Environmental Sustainability, Economic Development and Social Development Index in Selected Economies." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160113.
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This study assesses the association of sustainable development (SD) with environmental technologies, forest area and developmental indictors in selected 39 economies. It develops global sustainable development index (GSDI) as an integration of environmental sustainability index (ESI), economic development index (EDI) and social development index (SDI) during 2000-2016 using composite Z-score technique. Thereupon, it explores the influence of environmental technologies, deforestation, ESI, EDI and SDI on GSDI using country-wise panel data. The results infer that there exists a high inequality in SD due to diversity in socio-economic structure of selected countries. Most developed economies have a better position in SD due to their relatively better position in environmental, economic and social developmental related variables. India, South Africa and Tunisia have low values of ESI, EDI and SDI, thus, these countries are in worst position in SD. Empirical results exhibit that SD is positively associated with environmental, economic and social development, forest area and environmental technologies. It recommended that protection of forest area maintains the quantity and quality of natural resources and provide ecological security. Accessibility of electricity for all community, discovery of environmental technologies, use of green technologies in production activities may be effective to increase socio-economic, environmental and sustainable development.
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Stanković, Jelena J., Ivana Marjanović, Jason Papathanasiou, and Saša Drezgić. "Social, Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Port Regions: MCDM Approach in Composite Index Creation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010074.
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Maritime transport and ports are among the most important linkages between global economies, handling more than 90% of internationally traded goods. Economic importance of maritime transport imposes significant implications on the social and environmental performance of port regions. The paper aims to create composite indices as relevant, scientific-based tools used in comparing and monitoring various aspects of sustainability across 37 sea port regions in seven countries on the European side of the Mediterranean, covering a five-year period from 2014 to 2018. The model encompasses Eurostat and OECD annual NUTS2 level data covering economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Two important indicators of maritime transport activity, maritime transport of freight and maritime transport of passengers, are included within the group of economic indicators. To create composite indices, the multicriteria decision making (MCDM) framework was used as an integrated approach of entropy in the weighting segment, and the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) as an aggregation method. The results highlight GDP per capita and population density as indicators of the greatest relative importance when it comes to port regions sustainability. The ranking results indicate that, despite the fact that Attica is the best ranked region in terms of overall sustainability, the largest number of top rated port regions are in Italy, Spain and France.
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Crisóstomo, Vicente Lima, Fatima de Souza Freire, and Maria Rafaela De Oliveira Freitas. "Determinants of corporate sustainability performance – evidence from Brazilian panel data." Social Responsibility Journal 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1053–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-04-2018-0102.
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Purpose Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest on corporate social responsibility by a number of constituencies – corporate managers, research scholars, policymakers and investors. In this context, corporate sustainability performance (CSP) has been a central focus of attention. This paper aims to analyze CSP determinants in Brazil, an important emerging market. Firm CSP is proxied by the membership to the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) which comprises environmental, social, economic and governance issues. Design/methodology/approach Logit panel data models are estimated for a sample of 2,685 firm-year observations in the period of 2006-2015. Findings Results show that firms operating in environmental risky industries tend to be leading CSP firms in Brazil which might be a positive consequence of the Brazilian environmental legislation that could be forcing such firms to be more committed to environmental issues. High ownership concentration reduces the probability of a firm’s membership to the ISE index signaling that large controlling blockholders may not see sustainability and governance concerns as relevant. Larger Brazilian firms and the ones with more growth opportunities tend to be CSP leaders. Additionally, the financial crisis of 2007-2009 had a negative effect on CSP in Brazil. Practical implications The implications of the present findings may be of interest to academics and firms’ stakeholders. The fact that firms from environmental risky industries exhibit higher concerns with CSP, probably because of the Brazilian environmental rules that has advanced in the past decades, show the prominence of policymakers in the critical scenario of environmental issues. When designing regulation, policymakers should be conscious of the importance of social issues and pay attention to all ways available to foster firm sustainability concerns. The additional evidence that dominant shareholders do not appear to see CSP as a relevant concern in Brazil points out an agency conflict in which large blockholders’ interests may be prevailing over other stakeholders’ interests. That is important to academics who study the role played by ownership structure on firm’s policies. Furthermore, larger firms, as well as the ones with more growth opportunities, seem to invest in CSP, possibly for seeing it as a way to generate competitive advantage. Originality/value As per the authors’ knowledge this is the first paper to point out the relevance of industry environmental sensitivity over firm’s commitment to sustainability issues in Brazil. Additional evidence is provided on the negative effect of ownership concentration on the probability of firm’s membership to the ISE sustainability index using a longer period as well as robust logit panel data model estimates compared to previous studies. Unlike previous works, the paper analyzes the complexity of a sustainability index in the Brazilian market. Such index comprises corporate social responsibility, sustainability and corporate governance concerns. This set of concerns makes it a complex index and requires a deeper rationale for the determinants of CSP as proxied by the membership to it, under the stakeholder and agency theoretical frameworks.
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Seconda, Louise, Julia Baudry, Philippe Pointereau, Camille Lacour, Brigitte Langevin, Serge Hercberg, Denis Lairon, Benjamin Allès, and Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot. "Development and validation of an individual sustainable diet index in the NutriNet-Santé study cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 10 (April 11, 2019): 1166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000369.
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AbstractIn the current context of unsustainable food systems, we aimed to develop and validate an index, the sustainable diet index (SDI), assessing the sustainability of dietary patterns, including multidimensional individual indicators of sustainability. Based on the FAO’s definition of sustainable diets, the SDI includes seven indicators categorised into four standardised sub-indexes, respectively, environmental, nutritional, economic and sociocultural. The index (range: 4–20) was obtained by summing the sub-indexes. We computed the SDI for 29 388 participants in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study, estimated its validity and identified potential socio-demographic or lifestyle differences across the SDI quintile. In our sample, the SDI (mean=12·10/20; 95 % CI 12·07, 12·13) was highly correlated to all the sub-indexes that exerted substantial influence on the participants’ ranking. The environmental and economical sub-indexes were the most and less correlated with the SDI (Pearson R2 0·66 and 0·52, respectively). Dietary patterns of participants with a high SDI (considered as more sustainable) were concordant with the already published sustainable diets. Participants with high SDI scores were more often women (24 %), post-secondary graduates (22 %) and vegetarians or vegans (7 %), without obesity (16 %). Finally, the SDI could be a useful tool to easily assess the sustainability-related changes in dietary patterns, estimate the association with long-term health outcomes and help guide future public health policies.
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Zahid, Muhammad, José Moleiro Martins, Haseeb Ur Rahman, Mário Nuno Mata, Syed Asim Shah, and Pedro Neves Mata. "The Interconnection between Decent Workplace and Firm Financial Performance through the Mediation of Environmental Sustainability: Lessons from an Emerging Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084570.
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This study aimed to investigate the impact of some important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as the decent workplace, climate change, and economic sustainability on firm financial performance (see Goals 8 and 13). By adopting an index from the previous literature, this study collected data from the annual and sustainability reports of the publicly listed companies of a developing country through content analysis from 2016 to 2018. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of compliance with workplace and environmental sustainability during the corresponding period. Furthermore, the estimations of ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) panel data also unveiled a positive impact of workplace sustainability on the firm’s environmental and financial performance. Additionally, we noted that the findings were pronounced after addressing the problem of endogeneity. Moreover, the study also found a novel significant and positive mediating role of environmental sustainability in the relationship between workplace sustainability and the firm’s financial performance. This study has theoretical significance by proposing sustainability training and development as instrumental variables in the relationship of the workplace and environmental sustainability to firm financial performance. This study offers practical implications for regulatory bodies and business firms to integrate workplace and environmental sustainability practices into their routine operations for achieving sustainable industrialization.
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Wurster, Stefan, and Steffen Schlosser. "Sovereign Wealth Funds as Sustainability Instruments? Disclosure of Sustainability Criteria in Worldwide Comparison." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105565.
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Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment vehicles intended to pursue national objectives. Their nature as long-term investors combined with their political mandate could make SWFs an instrument suited to promote sustainability. As an essential precondition, it is important for SWFs to commit to sustainability criteria as part of an overarching strategy. In the article, we present the sustainability disclosure index (SDI), an original new dataset for a selection of over 50 SWFs to investigate whether SWFs disclose sustainability criteria covering environmental, social, economic, and governance aspects into their mandate. In addition to an empirical measurement of the disclosure rate, we conduct multiple regressions to analyze what factors help to explain the variance between SWFs. We see that a majority of SWFs disclose at least some of the sustainability criteria. However, until today, only a small minority address a broad selection as a possible basis for a comprehensive sustainability strategy. While a high-state capacity and a young population in a country as well as a commitment to the international Santiago Principles are positively associated with a higher disclosure rate, we find no evidence for strong effects of the economic development level, the resource abundance, and the degree of democratization of a country or of the specific size and structure of a fund. Identifying favorable conditions for a higher commitment of SWFs could help to initiate pathways to become functional sustainability instruments.
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Zheng, Bohong, and Komi Bedra. "Recent Sustainability Performance in China: Strength-Weakness Analysis and Ranking of Provincial Cities." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 3063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093063.
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Since the 1992 United Nations Conference on environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and the adoption by China State Council in March 1994 of the “China Agenda 21”, sustainability has become a major issue in China urbanization policies. After more than two decades of development practice with a breakneck speed of urbanization, how sustainable is the recent development process in China? This paper combines the frameworks of Cities Prosperity Index (CPI) and Sustainable Cities Index (SCI) and propose a China Urban Sustainability Index by Fuzzy Evaluation (CUSI-FE) as a monitoring tool in the light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With 5 years data covering 51 indicators, the model is tested to assess the performance of provincial cities in China during 5-years period from 2012 to 2016 (the year of the adoption of the SDGs). The results reveal that the overall sustainability level in China is barely average with lower performances in environmental sustainability. Indeed, a strength/weakness analysis, coupled with sensitivity analysis shows that the economic productivity and the large infrastructure development have had a strong energy cost and a sensible impact on environmental quality. Sustainable energy measures and industrial waste recycling are more likely to improve the sustainability of the cities, while the GDP growth will continue to contribute significantly also.
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Singh, Ajay K., B. Jyoti Singh, and Vijay Negi. "Does sustainable development have a causal relationship with environmental development? Evidence from a country-wise panel data analysis." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00020_1.
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This study contributes to the development of global sustainable development index (GSDI) as an integration of environmental sustainability development index (ESDI), socio-economic development index (SEDI) and science and technological progress index (STPI) for selected 39 countries during 2000–16. It uses the composite Z-score method, while ESDI, SEDI and STPI are the assimilation of 33, 19 and 9 factors, respectively. Subsequently, it examines the association of sustainable development (SD) with ESD and vice versa using linear, log-linear and non-linear regression models. Descriptive results show that there is a significant variation in SD due to a high diversity in environmental development, socio-economic development and science and technological progress-associated factors in selected countries. Empirical results imply that SD has a positive and significant association with ESD, socio-economic development and science and technological progress-related factors. This study emphasizes that global economies are desired to adopt conducive policies towards environmental, socio-economic and science and technological development to attain SD. Also, it advises that the protection of forest area, use of environmental and green technologies in production activities, creation of more jobs in all sectors and strong IPR regimes would be effective for sustainable, socio-economic, environmental development and science and technological expansion worldwide.
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Sudipa, Nyoman, Made Sudiana Mahendra, Wayan Sandi Adnyana, and Ida Bagus Pujaastawa. "STATUS KUALITAS AIR DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA NUSA PENIDA." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 14, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2020.v14.i02.p08.
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Environmental water quality is very influential on environmental sustainability and tourism in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area. Changes in environmental water quality are influenced by human activities in utilizing environmental resources. As a developing tourism area, Nusa Penida has a source of environmental water from springs, groundwater and has marine waters with biodiversity that become underwater paradise. The method used by analyzing water quality uses a standardized quality approach based on Bali Governor's Regulation No. 16 of 2016 concerning Environmental Quality Standards and Environmental Damage Quality Criteria and to find out the water pollution index using the approach of the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004, then compared with environmental water quality using environmental water quality tests that have been carried out in the Study of Analysis Regarding the Environmental Impact of the Nusa Penida Tourism Area in 1998.Tests for the quality of sea water, well water and spring water in 2019 each showed relatively better results compared to the results of quality tests for sea water, well water and spring water in 1998. Influential parameters The index of sea water pollution, well water and spring water in Nusa Penida are turbidity parameters, free ammonia (NH3-N) dissolved residue (TDS) and total coliform, respectively.Keywords: environment; quality; water; tourism; Nusa Penida.
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Balode, Lauma, Kristiāna Dolge, and Dagnija Blumberga. "The Contradictions between District and Individual Heating towards Green Deal Targets." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063370.
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The blind spot can be defined as the area around the vehicle where the driver cannot see through the mirrors without turning their head or taking their eyes off the road. Similar blind spots occur in energy policy. Blind spots can occur in forecasting economic development and creating policy documents. This study uncovers potential blind spots and controversies in the sustainability assessment of energy supply technologies. A composite sustainability index was constructed to compare district heating with four individual heating technologies—wood pellet boilers, natural gas boilers, solar collectors, and heat pumps. A total of 19 indicators were selected and grouped into four dimensions of sustainability—technical, environmental, economic, and social. The results reveal that district heating can compete with individual heating technologies in all dimensions of sustainability; however, a possible blind spot lies in evaluating environmental performance indicators of the different heating technologies. This study provides a novel decision-making tool that policy-makers could use to identify and avoid potential blind spots and uncertainties in energy policy at an early stage.
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Kavzoglu, Taskin, and Merve Goral. "Google Earth Engine for Monitoring Marine Mucilage: Izmit Bay in Spring 2021." Hydrology 9, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9080135.
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Global warming together with environmental pollution threatens marine habitats and causes an increasing number of environmental disasters. Periodic monitoring of coastal water quality is of critical importance for the effective management of water resources and the sustainability of marine ecosystems. The use of remote sensing technologies provides significant benefits for detecting, monitoring, and analyzing rapidly occurring and displaced natural phenomena, including mucilage events. In this study, five water indices estimated from cloud-free and partly cloudy Sentinel-2 images acquired from May to July 2021 were employed to effectively map mucilage aggregates on the sea surface in the Izmit Bay using the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Results showed that mucilage aggregates started with the coverage of about 6 km² sea surface on 14 May, reached the highest level on 24 May and diminished at the end of July. Among the applied indices, the Adjusted Floating Algae Index (AFAI) was superior for producing the mucilage maps even for the partly cloudy image, followed by Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) and Mucilage Index (MI). To be more specific, indices using green channel were found to be inferior for extracting mucilage information from the satellite images.
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Dzyad, Olena V., Viktoriia Y. Redko, Nataliya O. Krasnikova, Olga G. Mihaylenko, and Yuliya N. Stasiuk. "On the issue of sustainable development of tourism in the Black Sea countries." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112042.
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The article observes the relevance and substantiates the need to raise the problem of tourism development in the countries of the Black Sea region (Turkey, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Romania and Bulgaria) on the basis of sustainability. Systematization of approaches to the definition of «sustainable development of tourism», «sustainable tourism» and «tourism constancy» has conditioned the elaboration of a sustainable tourism development model, the elements of which are the needs of tourists, tourism resources, tourism services, types of tourism, tourism activities, subjects - tourist, tourist enterprise, destinations and the state (management). It was determined that the achievement of sustainable tourism development in the country should be evaluated from the standpoint of meeting the needs of tourists and considering the factors such as security, sustainable tourism services, economic and environmental sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, the country’s basic sustainaility and political and regulatory constancy. During the study, the needs of the tourist were identified (cognition, recognition and his acceptance of the cultural, historical, national heritage of the destination, the development of spiritual potential and self-development), which act as a driving force for the growth of demand for sustainable types of tourism. It was found that satisfying the physiological needs of a tourist, his staying in a safe environment, confirming his social, professional, family status is associated with mass tourism, and does not fully contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. It is determined that the development of tourism in the Black Sea countries is characterized by a high loading on tourist facilities and irregular tourist flows, the irrational use of natural resources, and the continuous expansion of infrastructure that allows only fragmentary observance of the principles of sustainable development . To assess the sustainability of tourism in the countries of the region, we used the author’s methodology for ranking the factors of the tourism sustainability index. Calculations demonstrated that the most important factors for tourists in the Black Sea region are the factor of safety, tourism services and the basic state of stability of the country, which is based on the level of food technology usage; the presence of harmful industries in the country; unemployment rate in the country; the importance of tradition in everyday life; international openness safety factors, tourist services and the basic condition of stability of the country. Environmental sustainability and a sociocultural strategy have a moderate impact. In the ranking of the countries of the Black Sea region according to the calculated tourism sustainability index, Georgia took the first place, and Ukraine received the lowest indicator. By the method of cluster analysis, the countries of the Black Sea region were combined into three clusters. The first cluster was formed by Turkey - a country that has a developed system of mass tourism and actively contributes to its reorientation continuously. The second cluster includes Bulgaria, Romania and Georgia, which combine the processes of active development of traditional and sustainable tourism. In the third cluster, which includes Russia and Ukraine, the development of tourism on the principles of sustainability practically does not occur.
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Drozdov, V. V. "Integrated Estimation of the Sustainability of Baltic and White Seas Ecosystems for Ensuring Environmental Safety of Shelf Resource Development." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-1-21-27.
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Theoretical aspects of the stability of marine ecosystems under the influence of the dynamics of hydrometeorological conditions are considered. Groups of natural factors of the ecosystems of the Baltic and White seas defining a level of stability – biocenotical, dynamic hydrological, the dynamic oceanological and corresponding to them estimated indicator indices with assessment of their information significance are justified. Rating of values of indicator indices is executed. Three versions of the integral index of assessment of stability of AISE (integrated assessment of sustainable existence) based on accounting of 6, 9 and 15 indicators indices are developed. On the basis of the received integral estimates zoning of ecosystems of the Baltic and White seas in relation to their stability is executed. Need of accounting of a level of stability of specific water areas in the course of planning and implementation of sea economic activity – navigation, dredging operations, mounting of underwater infrastructure, industrial fishing is justified.
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Suo, Lizhu, and Mingbin Huang. "Stochastic modelling of soil water dynamics and sustainability for three vegetation types on the Chinese Loess Plateau." Soil Research 57, no. 5 (2019): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18118.
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Soil water dynamics play an active role in ecological and hydrologic processes. Soil water exhibits a stochastic nature because of the large temporal variations in precipitation and evapotranspiration. Objectives of this study were to analyse the probabilistic nature of soil water under three vegetation types, to simulate their probability density functions (PDFs) using a stochastic model, and to determine the most sustainable vegetation types. Soil water data were collected over a 3-year period with a bi-weekly frequency at plots in the Loess Plateau, China, under grass (Bothriochloa ischaemum L., BOI), shrub, sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., SEB) and tree, Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr, CHP). The data were compared with values simulated using the Laio stochastic model. The results showed that the mean relative soil water contents differed in the order: BOI > CHP > SEB. Soil water was related to the daily rainfall and evapotranspiration. Under the same climate, topography and soil conditions, the soil water PDF was sensitive to a critical water content at which plants begin closing stomata and the mean maximum daily evapotranspiration rate. Based on the shape of the PDFs and their statistical moments, the Laio stochastic model accurately simulated the soil water PDFs under all three vegetation types in the semi-humid area of the Loess Plateau. The soil water PDFs for three vegetation types were simulated with four leaf area index scenarios; BOI and CHP were the most sustainable vegetation types compared with SEB in terms of maintaining soil water availability and soil erosion control.
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Wang, Li, Guodong Wang, Xiaohong Hou, Zhiwei Chen, and Kai Lu. "Attractiveness index of national marine parks: A study on national marine parks in coastal areas of East China Sea." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0364.
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Abstract Balancing the development and protection of national marine parks in a suitable way is of great SIGNIFICANCE for environmental sustainability. Tourism attractiveness is an important indicator for measuring this development. In this study, by searching through online reviews of the national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea, and by analyzing tourists’ perceptions of them, an indicator system for tourism attraction was established. Natural attributes, supporting facilities, service experience, and tours were taken as secondary indicators. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process with questionnaires to calculate the attractiveness index of national marine parks. The study finds that national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea have a higher level of tourist satisfaction and attractiveness, but that more attention needs to be paid to supporting facilities, as tourists currently find them insufficient. Among these, natural attributes are an important factor affecting the attractiveness of the marine parks, while special cuisine, customer experience, public transportation, and attitudes are all indicators with higher weight within the attractiveness index. The tourism attractiveness of national marine parks was investigated quantitatively and the indicators affecting the tourism attractiveness index were illustrated clearly.
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Kizielewicz, Joanna. "Monitoring Energy Efficiency and Environmental Ship Index by Cruise Seaports in Northern Europe." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124215.
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Environmental organizations have alerted that rapid weather phenomena have intensified in recent years, such as floods, hurricanes, whirlwinds, droughts, fires and storms, caused by the deteriorating condition of the natural environment. Carbon emissions, which are the main cause of the deteriorating environment condition and dramatic climate change, are largely caused by the use of heavy fuel by shipping companies and generate large quantities of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These compounds exert a strong negative impact on the environment and human health. Care for improving the marine environment and coastal areas has become the subject of interest of many international institutions, such as the International Maritime Organization, Organization of United Nations, European Sea Port Organization, European Commission and others, which introduce restrictive regulations and guidelines on the level of permissible harmful emissions into the environment as a result of ship operations in ports and at sea. In addition, they propose to monitor the level of pollution through the use of indicators, such as the Energy Efficient Design Index (EEDI), Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Environmental Ship Index (ESI), among others. The aim of this paper is to assess the Northern Europe seaports’ commitment to monitor the level of pollutants emitted by cruise ships in their ports. This article may constitute a subject of interest for seaport authorities and cruise ship operators.
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Liu, Shidong, Peiyi Ding, Binrui Xue, Hongbing Zhu, and Jun Gao. "Urban Sustainability Evaluation Based on the DPSIR Dynamic Model: A Case Study in Shaanxi Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 7460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187460.
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The sustainability of urban cities has been the focus of significant academic research in recent years and is emphasized in Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we adopted the Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response model (DPSIR) to promote a conceptual study of sustainable development index (SDI) to compare the different urban sustainable development status and try to find the factors that affect the urban sustainable development. The framework of indicators we used is mainly based on Goal 11 of the SDGs’ targets and indicators. We chose six cities in the Shaanxi Province of China and studied them from 2008 to 2018. The results show that: (1) the sustainable development of urban cities is greatly influenced by China’s national economic development plans and urban development strategies; (2) the economic growth and management level of authorities can significantly promote urban sustainability; (3) the urban sustainability of the six cities in Shaanxi Province showed a significant imbalance and this imbalance affected the overall development of the region; (4) compared with Guanzhong urban agglomeration, Shannan urban agglomeration is subject to the policy needs of environmental protection in the Qinling mountain area and its economic development is restricted; therefore, its urban sustainability is relatively low. Theoretical contributions are presented to assist in addressing these challenges and to support policies and initiatives that move these cities in China towards achieving SDG 11.
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Choden, Yeshi, M. P. Sharma, Gaurav Pandey, S. K. Gupta, and K. D. Dema. "Ecological Health Assessment of Renuka Lake, Himachal Pradesh, India." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.018.
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Researchers, policymakers, and governments are increasingly interested in assessing the ecological health (EH) of lakes and streams. The EH of a lake can be expressed in terms of water quality, trophic state and biodiversity of riparian vegetation, macroinvertebrates and fishes. The ecological health index (EHI) of Renuka lake, Himachal Pradesh of India, was analyzed based on National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), Carlson’s Trophic State Index (TSI), Simpson Diversity Index (SDI), and Shannon-Weiner index (SWI). The results of NSFWQI and CTSI are found in the range of 40-59 and 49.9-58.9 respectively indicating that the water quality was poor to medium and not suitable for drinking purposes but can be used for secondary purposes such as agriculture, industry, and recreation etc. The trophic state of the lake is similarly in the eutrophic range, with an overall EHI of 1.81-2.47, indicating poor to medium trophic status. Apart from analyzed results, the EH category from mesotrophic to a eutrophic state of the lake is caused due to the cultural siltation/nutrient loading, religious practices, land tenurial issues, and uncontrolled tourist pressure followed by recreational activities on water bodies and lake vicinity. Accordingly, suitable restoration methods such as source control, desilting/dredging, and lake aquatic plantation are suggested to recover the ecological health of the lake back to a mesotrophic or oligotrophic state.
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Zhu, Gaoru, Zhenglei Xie, Honglei Xu, Nan Wang, Liguo Zhang, Ning Mao, and Jinxiang Cheng. "Oil Spill Environmental Risk Assessment and Mapping in Coastal China Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105837.
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The rapid expansion in shipping traffic, oil tankers, and oil field exploration in coastal and marine areas has, inevitably, resulted in the occurrence of many oil spill accidents. Oil spill accidents, which cause serious socio-economic, health, and environmental risks in coastal and marine areas, are a global concern. An oil spill pollution risk distribution map, combining multiple spill sources, is an effective tool by which to identify high-risk areas, which may help decision-makers in adopting contingency response and integrated coastal management. However, the assessment of oil spill distribution and risk assessment has been restricted, due to their heavy dependence on laboratory experiments and model simulations lacking reliable shipping data, which often derive inaccurate mapping results. This study combines the automatic identification system (AIS) and other data to precisely quantify the spatial extent of accident risk in coastal China. Based on oil quantity, oil spill rate, and accident probability, the ship, oil storage tank, submarine pipeline, and oil platform accidents spill risk index is analyzed. Next, combined with the sensitive degree of a coastal area, considering environmental and social issues, the oil spill environmental risk index is calculated. The oil spill pollution risk level is classified into five categories based on the oil spill pollution risk index, namely the low-risk zone, relatively low-risk zone, moderate-risk zone, relatively high-risk zone, and high-risk zone. The relatively high oil spill environmental risk concentration zone is located in the Bohai Sea, inter-border area between the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River estuary, south of the Taiwan Strait, and the Pearl River estuary. The high-risk zone in the Bohai Sea is 36,018 km2 in area, with an average risk value of 32.23, whereas the high-risk area in the Pearl River estuary is only 14,007 km2. The high-risk area proportions in Tianjin are 23.5%, while those in Fujian, Hainan, Jiangsu, and Guangxi are very low. The low-risk area proportion in Hainan Province is 62%, while the value in Tianjin is only 2.9%. This study will be helpful in assisting decision-makers in mapping the influence area of oil spills and adopting the important strategies and effective management and conservation countermeasures for ship accidents in the coastal areas of China.
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Borges, M. G. B., R. A. Silva, A. S. Araújo, A. B. A. Andrade, D. F. Cajá, and P. B. Maracajá. "Estudo sobre a sustentabilidade: aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais em cinco associações de apicultores no Sertão da Paraíba." ACTA Apicola Brasilica 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/aab.v2i2.3505.
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<p>A criação de abelhas é uma atividade desenvolvida nos mais diversos estados brasileiros e, particularmente, no estado da Paraíba assim como outros estados dos nordeste encontra condições climáticas e ambientais bastante propícias. Um aspecto social relevante na produção do mel e seus derivados, na realidade deste estado, é o fato desta ser desenvolvida normalmente por pequenos agricultores, em diversos municípios deste estado, cujos apicultores que alcançaram maior nível de organização já produzem mel com qualidade para exportação, que ainda é realizada indiretamente, através de empresas de outros estados. Tivemos como objetivo realizar um estudo socioeconômico e ambiental, como também, verificar a sustentabilidade na atividade apícola em cinco associações de apicultores no alto sertão da Paraíba. A coleta de dados sobre os agentes envolvidos nessa atividade, deu-se mediante a aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicadas diretamente com os associados das associações de Apicultores em cinco municípios do Sertão da Paraíba. A associação que apresentou maior Índice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV) foi Santa Helena, com 0,9858. Seguidas por Triunfo com 0,9333, São João do Rio do Peixe com 0,8167, Catolé do Rocha com 0,7778 e Poço José de Moura com 0,6889, respectivamente, mostrou que 100% dos apicultores pesquisados possuem pelo menos um dos bens dos grupos 1, 2 e 3, Na composição do Índice de Capital Social (ICS), o maior valor foi constatado em Catolé do rocha: 0,8999, seguidos por São João do Rio do Peixe com 0,8570 atingiram alto nível do indicador de desenvolvimento em capital. Para o Índice Ambiental podemos verificar que a associação de São João do Rio do Peixe, obteve o maior índice de indicador ambiental, ou seja 0,9143, seguidos por Catolé do Rocha com 0,8857. Para as cinco associações encontramos os valores médios para o Índice de Sustentabilidade (IS) de 0,8110.</p><pre><strong><em>Study on sustainability: social, economic and environmental aspects in five beekeepers' associations in the outback of Paraíba</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></pre><p>The beekeeping is an activity developed in various Brazilian states, and particularly in the state of Paraíba and other states of the northeast is climatic and environmental conditions quite favorable. An important social aspect in the production of honey and its derivatives, in reality this state, is the fact that it is usually developed by small farmers in several counties of this state, whose beekeepers who have attained a higher level of organization already produce honey with quality for export which is still held indirectly through companies from other states. Our aim was to perform a socioeconomic and environmental study, but also verify the sustainability in beekeeping in five beekeepers associations in high hinterland of Paraíba. Data collection on the agents involved in this activity, took place through the application of questionnaires and conducting semi-structured interviews, applied directly with members of Beekeepers' associations in five municipalities in the backwoods of Paraíba. The association with the highest Quality of Life Index (IQV) was Santa Helena, with 0,9858. Followed by Triunfo with 0.9333, São João do Rio do Peixe with 0.8167, 0.7778 with Catolé do Rocha and Poço José de Moura with 0.6889, respectively, showed that 100% of surveyed beekeepers have at least one of goods of groups 1, 2 and 3, the composition of the Capital Index (ICS), the highest value was found in Catolé do Rocha: 0.8999, followed by São João do Rio do Peixe with 0.8570 reached high level of development indicator in capital. For Environmental Index we can see that the association of São João do Rio do Peixe, had the highest environmental indicator index, 0.9143, followed by Catolé do Rocha with 0.8857. For the five associations found the average values for the Sustainability Index (SI) of 0,8110.</p>
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Lusk, Jeniece, and Anne Mook. "Hyper-Consumption to Circular Economy in the United Arab Emirates: Discarding the Disposable and Cherishing the Valuable." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 3 (2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(3).33-45.2020.
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Overconsumption of resources and consumer items is an important driver for environmental degradation and climate change. Malls, shopping, and conspicuous consumption are deeply ingrained in the local values and the global image of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE has a diverse and international population with over 85% expats and numerous opportunities to reduce environmental impact. Increased participation in a circular economy that aims to reduce resource use by recycling materials, reusing products, extending their lifespan, and maintaining their economic value would be an effective strategy to reduce negative environmental impacts. However, little is known about how much and why UAE citizens and residents participate in the circular economy. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that predict participation in the circular economy in the UAE. To investigate this question, we surveyed n=163 undergraduate students at an American-curriculum university in the UAE and explored literature-based explanations as predictors for participation in the circular economy, namely gender, nationality, exposure to circular economy initiatives, efforts to reduce ecological footprints, and sustainable consumer behaviors using index-based negative binomial regression models. We also compare differences in ways and levels of participation in the circular economy between UAE citizens and residents with t-tests. Our results suggest that participation in the circular economy does not emerge from concerted efforts to reduce environmental degradation such as lowering ecological footprint and reducing waste, but rather investments in sustainable and durable items. Emirati citizens are more likely to participate in the circular economy, in particular repairing items, than expat residents. These differences are most likely to be explained by the more stable lifestyles of Emirati citizens as opposed to the more itinerant lifestyles of expat residents. Keywords: sustainability, circular economy, consumption, Middle East, ecological footprint, recycling.
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Zaki, Sheikh Ahmad, Mohamad Faizal Rosli, Hom Bahadur Rijal, Farah Nurhanis Hassan Sadzli, Aya Hagishima, and Fitri Yakub. "Effectiveness of a Cool Bed Linen for Thermal Comfort and Sleep Quality in Air-Conditioned Bedroom under Hot-Humid Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169099.
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Comfort temperature and sleep quality involving 20 participants were determined in two cases: Case A (arbitrary, controlled air-conditioner setting) and Case B (adjustment of 3 °C higher than the setting of Case A with cool bed linen). Data of indoor thermal comfort and electricity consumption were collected every night throughout the measurement period. Questionnaires on thermal comfort and sleep quality were distributed twice a night for a duration of three nights for each case; the first night was for respondents’ adaptation and the following two nights were for measurement. The sleep quality of the respondents was objectively measured using a commercially available activity tracker. Results found that most respondents were thermally comfortable in both cases, with 39% lower energy consumption reported for Case B compared to Case A. The thermal conditions of Case B were found to be more tolerable than those of Case A. Most respondents reported to have a calm and satisfied sleep for both cases. Comfort temperature and Sleep Efficiency Index (SEI) were found to be maintained in both cases.
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Alsafadi, Karam, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Ali Mokhtar, Safwan Mohammed, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Saad Sh Sammen, and Shuoben Bi. "An evapotranspiration deficit-based drought index to detect variability of terrestrial carbon productivity in the Middle East." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 014051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4765.
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Abstract The primary driver of the land carbon sink is gross primary productivity (GPP), the gross absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plant photosynthesis, which currently accounts for about one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions per year. This study aimed to detect the variability of carbon productivity using the standardized evapotranspiration deficit index (SEDI). Sixteen countries in the Middle East (ME) were selected to investigate drought. To this end, the yearly GPP dataset for the study area, spanning the 35 years (1982–2017) was used. Additionally, the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM, version 3.3a), which estimates the various components of terrestrial evapotranspiration (annual actual and potential evaporation), was used for the same period. The main findings indicated that productivity in croplands and grasslands was more sensitive to the SEDI in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey by 34%, 30.5%, and 29.6% of cropland area respectively, and 25%, 31.5%, and 30.5% of grass land area. A significant positive correlation against the long-term data of the SEDI was recorded. Notably, the GPP recorded a decline of >60% during the 2008 extreme drought in the north of Iraq and the northeast of Syria, which concentrated within the agrarian ecosystem and reached a total vegetation deficit with 100% negative anomalies. The reductions of the annual GPP and anomalies from 2009 to 2012 might have resulted from the decrease in the annual SEDI at the peak 2008 extreme drought event. Ultimately, this led to a long delay in restoring the ecosystem in terms of its vegetation cover. Thus, the proposed study reported that the SEDI is more capable of capturing the GPP variability and closely linked to drought than commonly used indices. Therefore, understanding the response of ecosystem productivity to drought can facilitate the simulation of ecosystem changes under climate change projections.
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Ananda, Pinta Aftaprilia Rizki, Rita Nurmalina, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, and Harry Suhada. "Analisis Keberlanjutan Pembibitan Sapi Potong di BPTU-HPT Padang Mengatas." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 9, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2021.9.2.131-142.
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Beef cattle breeding is one of the most important production factors and the quality of beef cattle breeds can affect the level of beef production. The increase in demand for beef is not followed by an increase in population and national beef productivity. The government is trying to fulfil the needs of domestic cattle breeds by establishing a Technical Implementation Unit for beef cattle breeding in various regions, one of which is Padang Mengatas BPTU-HPT. The most widely bred cattle breeders are local cattle, called pesisir’s cattle. Pesisir’s cattle are local cattle that have the potential to be developed because have several advantages over other local cattle. Therefore, in this study, it is needed to analyze the sustainability of pesisir’s cattle breeds in BPTU-HPT Padang Mengatas because pesisir’s cattle an important role as a meat supplier in West Sumatra whose population has decreased, it is necessary to see how sustainable the pesisir’s cattle are so that the supply of meat in West Sumatra is available sustainably with the germplasm of locally owned cattle. Data were processed using the Rap-Local Beef Cattle Breeding ordination technique through the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method for sustainability analysis. Our results indicated the sustainability status of pesisir’s cattle breeding in multidimensional is quite sustainable because the index value is at an interval of 50,01 until 75,00 with a value of 72,89 in the economic dimension 67,96 in the ecological dimension 67,78 in the social dimension and 56,04 in the technological dimension.
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Kim, Jung-Hyun, Jong-Ku Gal, Sang-Yoon Jun, Lukas Smik, Dahae Kim, Simon T. Belt, Kwangkyu Park, Kyung-Hoon Shin, and Seung-Il Nam. "Reconstructing spring sea ice concentration in the Chukchi Sea over recent centuries: insights into the application of the PIP 25 index." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 125004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4b6e.
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Handiani, Dian N., Aida Heriati, and Fitry Suciaty. "Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Along The North Java Coastlines-Indonesia." Jurnal Segara 18, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/segara.v18i1.10664.
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The north coast of Java is an area with very diverse maritime activities. These high activities threaten the ecosystem and environmental sustainability. Several areas already experience environmental degradation and most of the threats come from ocean pollution, coastal erosion, continuous tidal flood (rob), and coastal land subsidence. Furthermore, the coastal degradation is worsened by climate change which may cause the area more vulnerable to disaster. This study aims at evaluating the coastal vulnerability using weighted coastal vulnerability index (CVIw). The method calculates coastal vulnerability by weighting physical coastal parameters using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). CVIw calculation result shows that the vulnerability is dominant at high (39%) and very high (51%) classes. The high vulnerability occurs in Tangerang, Bekasi, Brebes, Demak, Jepara, Pati, and Rembang Regencies. Meanwhile, very high vulnerability takes place in several regencies: Serang, Karawang, Subang, Indramayu, Cirebon, Tegal, Kendal, Semarang, and Gresik. The parameters of relief, coastal features, tidal range and shoreline give contribution more in coastal vulnerability besides lithology, sea level change, and wave height. Identifying vulnerability in these areas might help local governments to prioritize their action plan in coastal disasters mitigation.
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Belas, Jaroslav, and Katarina Zvarikova. "Triple bottom line of the CSR concept and its reporting." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112907001.
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Research background: The global situation is alarming. Many scholars, politicians, non-profit organizations and journalists worldwide remind of these arising problems. Sustainability seems to be the only solution, and also many companies try to do their best to contribute to this issue. Purpose of the article: CSR is considered a valuable tool in many fields – profit, stakeholders, and environmental dimensions. All these dimensions are characterized by their specifics, but it is proven that CSR positively impacts all of them. But the frequent problem is that although the companies are aware of the stakeholders´ importance, they are not able to report their activities or report them in an understanding way. Methods: Methods of the literature review is used for the theoretical background to understand the importance of three dimensions of CSR. Method of analysis is used to analyze of GRI index. Findings & Value added: Literature review proves the importance of CSR towards all three dimensions. According to analysis of the DRI index, it is evident, that not only organizations from developed countries have reported, but also organizations from developing countries had become reporting. Following the result of our analysis, we can see that 1 694 organizations from 80 countries try to come close to stakeholders and want to inform them about their activities.
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Hilmi, Nathalie, Shekoofeh Farahmand, Vicky W. Y. Lam, Mine Cinar, Alain Safa, and Juliette Gilloteaux. "The Impacts of Environmental and Socio-Economic Risks on the Fisheries in the Mediterranean Region." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910670.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of the environmental and socio-economic risks on the fisheries in the Mediterranean region from an economic point of view. A balanced panel of 21 Mediterranean countries for 2001–2018 has been estimated by the GLS method, considering heteroskedasticity and correlation among cross sections. The volume of fish landed and landed values have been considered in two models. The results show that increases in sea bottom and surface temperature, H+ ion concentration and salinity threaten the fisheries in the Mediterranean region for the volume of fish landed and that sea surface temperature and salinity negatively influence landed values. In addition, there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between human population and fisheries. Moreover, the Human Development Index (HDI), an indicator of countries’ adaptive capacity, has a positive impact on fisheries and indicates that countries can safeguard fisheries by improving their adaptive capacity. Finally, our results strongly show the risk of climate change for the fisheries in the Mediterranean region and that fisheries are adversely impacted by climate change as well as worsening socio-economic conditions in the absence of adaptation plans.
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Rudevskaya, Victoria, Natalia Shvets, Marta Shkvaryliuk, and Victoria Tanase. "GENESIS OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE DIRECTIONS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIETY." Socio-economic relations in the digital society 4, no. 46 (December 31, 2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/ser.4.46.2022.467.
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To protect the environment and prevent the growth of social and environmental risks, the concept of sustainable development has been shaped. This means meeting the needs of people today without harming the environment or creating other problems in the future. The concept of sustainability is constantly changing, and different people will have different ideas about how best to implement it. In the article, with the help of modern methods of scientific knowledge, an analysis of theoretical approaches to the interpretation of sustainable development is carried out. The relevance of theoretical and methodological studies of the concept of sustainable development as the basis for the development of modern society is substantiated. Based on methodological generalizations, the principles of the concept of sustainable development have been clarified. Based on the basis of the study of the modern understanding of the essence of the concept, the directions for achieving the goals of sustainable development of society are highlighted, and approaches to assessing the sustainable development of socio-economic systems are identified.The article analyzes the dynamics of the world sustainable development index and establishes its growing trend over the past decade and the recession during the global crisis caused by the pandemic. The presented analytical data indicate the intensification of the transition of countries to sustainable development, and this activity is much higher in low-income countries compared to high-income countries. The article substantiates the conclusion about the need to form an appropriate investment potential to ensure the sustainable development of society, which requires a strategic approach that would be based on changing the entire philosophy of thinking and political activity.
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Febriano, Muhammad Riza, Hariyadi Hariyadi, and A. Roby Falatehan. "STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) SEI MANGKEI, KLASTER INDUSTRI HILIR KELAPA SAWIT TERINTEGRASI DAN BERKELANJUTAN." JURNAL AGRICA 10, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v10i1.587.
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<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><em>Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone (SEZ) have been designed by Government of Indonesia as industrial cluster for palm oil derivative product industries. In many cases, selected areas for industrial cluster developed into an industrial aglomeration than industrial clustering. To ensure industrial cluster accomplishment, sustainability and integration analysis should be done. The aim of paper was to conduct management strategic, sustainability and integration analysis of Sei Mangkei SEZ cluster development. Multicriteria Decision Making (MDM) analithycal hierarchy processs (AHP) was used to determine the value of strategic priority index. There considered for measuring the index categorized in 5 dimensions : economic, social, enviromental/ecological, laws regulations and institutional, industrial and technology. The index score of sustainability priority index of Sei Mangkei SEZ that showing that the industrial cluster development categorized as sufficient category. The lowest index was found for industrial and technology (0.195) and the highest was environment/ecological dimension and economic dimension (0.236). From the leverage analysis, some critical attributes in each dimensions were found and need improvement to increase the management strategic of Sei Mangkei SEZ into sustainability and integration. Institutional strengthening and accelerated development of infrastructure are the crucial factor should be prioritized for the development of palm oil based industrial cluster at Sei Mangkei SEZ. This could be a significant reference for the decision makers, in this case is Government (PTPN III State-Owned Enterprises and Administrator) in cooperation with private sectors (tenant) to develop Sei Mangkei SEZ</em>
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Huang, Jianping, Yuheng Tao, Minghong Shi, and Jun Wu. "Empirical Study on Design Trend of Taiwan (1960s–2020): The Evolution of Theme, Diversity and Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 12578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912578.
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With significance in improving and developing local design culture as well as in supplementing global design history, this essay describes a study on the past and a clear prediction of the future by exploring Taiwan’s design history from approximately the 1960s to 2020 based on the evolution of theme, diversity, and sustainability. In this research, the Python programming language is used to apply three algorithms of term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), Simpson’s diversity index (SDI), and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to conduct a text exploration of design journals. The results show the following: in the 1960s–1980s, the evolution of theme focused on evaluation strategies, technical practices, and foreign cultures, on digital design, multiculturalism, and design aesthetics in the 1990s, and on emotional human factors, intelligent technology, and local culture since the beginning of the 21st century. Local culture and intelligent technology are the main driving forces of the current design industry. Regarding diversity, after a period of rapid change and stable rising, it has shown a downward trend in recent years. This indicates that current design needs to be stimulated by external environmental variations. Sustainability was focused on technology, the market, and education during the 1960s–1980s; on consumers, design education, and eco-design during the 1990s; and on integration across fields during the 2000s–2020. In order to gain a wider perspective of the complete design context of Chinese culture, the results show the current and future trends of the academic community, in addition to a reference for the study of the design histories of other areas in the world.
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Chen, Enhui, Zhirui Ye, and Hui Bi. "Incorporating Smart Card Data in Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Metro Travel Distances." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247069.
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The primary objective of this study is to explore spatio-temporal effects of the built environment on station-based travel distances through large-scale data processing. Previous studies mainly used global models in the causal analysis, but spatial and temporal autocorrelation and heterogeneity issues among research zones have not been sufficiently addressed. A framework integrating geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) and the Shannon entropy index (SEI) was thus proposed to investigate the spatio-temporal relationship between travel behaviors and built environment. An empirical study was conducted in Nanjing, China, by incorporating smart card data with metro route data and built environment data. Comparative results show GTWR had a better performance of goodness-of-fit and achieved more accurate predictions, compared to traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The spatio-temporal relationship between travel distances and built environment was further analyzed by visualizing the average variation of local coefficients distributions. Effects of built environment variables on metro travel distances were heterogeneous over space and time. Non-commuting activity and exurban area generally had more influences on the heterogeneity of travel distances. The proposed framework can address the issue of spatio-temporal autocorrelation and enhance our understanding of impacts of built environment on travel behaviors, which provides useful guidance for transit agencies and planning departments to implement targeted investment policies and enhance public transit services.
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Conte, Chiara, Eugenia T. Apostolaki, Salvatrice Vizzini, and Luciana Migliore. "A Tight Interaction between the Native Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the Exotic Halophila stipulacea in the Aegean Sea Highlights Seagrass Holobiont Variations." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020350.
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Seagrasses harbour bacterial communities with which they constitute a functional unit called holobiont that responds as a whole to environmental changes. Epiphytic bacterial communities rapidly respond to both biotic and abiotic factors, potentially contributing to the host fitness. The Lessepsian migrant Halophila stipulacea has a high phenotypical plasticity and harbours a highly diverse epiphytic bacterial community, which could support its invasiveness in the Mediterranean Sea. The current study aimed to evaluate the Halophila/Cymodocea competition in the Aegean Sea by analysing each of the two seagrasses in a zone where these intermingled, as well as in their monospecific zones, at two depths. Differences in holobionts were evaluated using seagrass descriptors (morphometric, biochemical, elemental, and isotopic composition) to assess host changes, and 16S rRNA gene to identify bacterial community structure and composition. An Indicator Species Index was used to identify bacteria significantly associated with each host. In mixed meadows, native C. nodosa was shown to be affected by the presence of exotic H. stipulacea, in terms of both plant descriptors and bacterial communities, while H. stipulacea remained almost unchanged. This study provided evidence of the competitive advantage of H. stipulacea on C. nodosa in the Aegean Sea and suggests the possible use of associated bacterial communities as a descriptor of native seagrass sustainability.
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Olaniyi, Eunice O., Prause Gunnar, Vera Gerasimova, and Tommi Inkinen. "Clean Cruise Shipping: Experience from the BSR." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095002.
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The study calculates the costs of the environmental impact of cruise shipping to determine how and to what extent the cruise industry has evolved towards clean shipping in the Baltic Sea Region. While environmental regulations connect directly to emissions reduction, measures to ensure a clean shipping industry are beyond regulatory measures. The sector should be able to fully operate within an environmentally, socially, and financially acceptable structure. A holistic shipping pollution and emissions index, for example, must also include financial or economic quantification of the major environmental impacts. Thus, using empirical data collated from the industry, uncontrolled observations, and experts’ interviews, we present the annual CO2 emissions and the related emissions costs of a typical 7-day cruise that operates within the Baltic Sea region (BSR) as well as a waste management report from the port of Saint Petersburg. The result is a detailed energy demand and cost inventory assessment of cruise trips and their overall impact on the clean shipping campaign of the maritime industry. The focus on a BSR cruise and a port city led to realistic and reliable results since the Baltic Sea represents a well-defined macroregion with clear ports and cruising structures suitable for cross-sectoral activities.
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Seconda, Louise, Manon Egnell, Chantal Julia, Mathilde Touvier, Serge Hercberg, Philippe Pointereau, Denis Lairon, Benjamin Allès, and Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot. "Association between sustainable dietary patterns and body weight, overweight, and obesity risk in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz259.
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ABSTRACT Background Improving the sustainability of current food systems may prevent future public health, environmental, and social concerns. Objective Our objective was to investigate the associations between sustainable dietary patterns, assessed using the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI), and the risk of obesity, overweight, and weight gain in French adults, with a prospective design. Methods In 2014, the SDI was computed among 15,626 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study (of whom 76% were women) using data collected within the BioNutriNet project. The SDI ranges from 4 (lowest sustainability) to 20 points and includes 4 subindexes representing the 4 pillars of a sustainable diet. Longitudinal data of weight and height were collected yearly from 2014 to 2018. We used mixed models to estimate the associations between sex-specific quintiles (Qs) of the SDI and weight change and Cox proportional hazard models with different levels of adjustments to assess the association between sex-specific Qs of the SDI and risk of obesity and overweight (mean follow-up time: 2.8 y). Results At baseline, a higher percentage of participants with overweight was observed in the first SDI Q, reflecting the lowest sustainable dietary patterns (Q1), than in Q5 (29.83% compared with 12.71%). Compared with Q5, a slight increase (at the population level) of almost 160 g/y was observed in Q1, whereas weight remained relatively stable among participants in other Qs. In total, 281 incident cases of obesity and 777 cases of overweight were identified during the follow-up. Participants in Q1 had a higher risk of obesity and overweight than participants in Q5 (HR comparing Q1 with Q5: 4.03; 95% CI: 2.42, 6.10; P-trend < 0.001; and HR comparing Q1 with Q5: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.95; P-trend < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions The findings support a potential protective role for more sustainable diets to prevent the risk of weight gain, overweight, and obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
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Park, Eunbeen, Jiwon Kim, Cholho Song, Hyun-Woo Jo, Sujong Lee, Sea Jin Kim, Sugyeong Park, Chul-Hee Lim, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Applicability Analysis of Vegetation Condition and Dryness for Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) Risk Reduction in SDS Source and Receptor Region." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187256.
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Central Asian countries, which are included the Mid-Latitude Region (MLR), need to develop regional adaptive strategies for reducing Sand and Dust Storm (SDS)-induced negative damages based on adequate information and data. To overcome current limitation about data and assessment approaches in this region, the macroscale verified methodologies were required. Therefore, this study analyzed environmental conditions based on the SDS impacts and regional differences of SDS sources and receptors to support regional SDS adaptation plans. This study aims to identify environmental conditions based on the phased SDS impact and regional differences of SDS source and receptor to support regional adaptation plans in MLR. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Aridity Index (AI), and SDS frequency were calculated based on satellite images and observed meteorological data. The relationship among SDS frequency, vegetation, and dryness was determined by performing statistical analysis. In order to reflect phased SDS impact and regional differences, SDS frequency was classified into five classes, and representative study areas were selected by dividing source and receptor in Central Asia and East Asia. The spatial analysis was performed to characterize the effect of phased SDS impact and regional distribution differences pattern of NDVI and AI. The result revealed that vegetation condition was negatively correlated with the SDS frequency, while dryness and the SDS frequency were positively correlated. In particular, the range of dryness and vegetation was related to the SDS frequency class and regional difference based on spatial analysis. Overall, the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea can be considered as an active source of SDS in Central Asia, and the regions were likely to expand into potential SDS risk areas compared to East Asia. This study presents the possibility of potential SDS risk area using continuously monitored vegetation and dryness index, and aids in decision-making which prioritizes vegetation restoration to prevent SDS damages with the macrolevel approach in the MLR perspective.
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Patil, Chandrakant Balkrishna, and R. R. Mudholkar. "Design and Implementation of Genetic Fuzzy Controller for Split Air-Conditioner Control Based on Fanger’s PMV Index." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500366.
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This paper reports the design and implementation of genetically optimized fuzzy logic controller (GAFLC) for split air-conditioner based on the principle of Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index. The proposed control strategy is aimed at improving the indoor thermal environment (ITE) at houses, offices, libraries, hotels, etc. because it plays a vital role in determining the health, physical and mental productivity of the occupants. The GAFLC has been implemented in MATLAB Simulink for computer simulation and also on hardware platform using the commercially available 8-bit ATmega-328 microcontroller through embedded C-coding for real practice. One part of the designed control algorithm examines the values of activity level, clothing insulation, air velocity, and relative humidity and decides the comfort temperature value to be set such that the PMV and PPD indices get satisfied. The other part generates a control signal to the air-conditioner compressor to maintain that temperature. From the simulation results it is seen that the generated comfort temperature values are in the range of 24.4∘– 26.55∘C for various combinations of environmental and personal parameters, which are well above the general temperature set value of 20∘C. This indicates the scope for reducing energy consumption to a greater extent. Also the PMV index lies in the range of [Formula: see text]0.23 to +[Formula: see text]0.36 with untuned fuzzy inference system (FIS), and in the range of [Formula: see text]0.32 to +[Formula: see text]0.14 with genetic algorithm (GA)-tuned FIS, which are acceptable comfort levels that human physiology can endure with more satisfaction. The experimental results show that GAFLC has generated a comfort temperature value for specified input parameters and also maintained the room temperature at that value to keep the thermal ambience more satisfactorily.
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Liu, Qian, and Guixing Chen. "Zonal shift in the cold airmass stream of the East Asian winter monsoon." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 124028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac36f5.
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Abstract The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) exhibits long-term variations in intensity and spatial pattern, though the latter one is less understood. To investigate the long-term spatial variations of the EAWM and their possible causes, we propose a new position index of the EAWM by quantifying the low-level East Asian stream (EAS) of cold airmass in the Lagrangian sense. Based on the new-defined index, we find that the EAS undergoes an evident zonal shift between two channels over the land and coast. At interdecadal timescale, the peak location of the EAS is displaced eastward, with an increasing southward cold airmass flux at the coast since the mid-1960s. The interannual shift of the EAS presents not only the zonal oscillation of peak location between two channels but also the width changes of coastal channel over the northwestern Pacific. These shifts in the EAS are related to the strength changes of two source cold airmass streams from Siberia or Bering Sea, which are associated with the phase changes in the upper-tropospheric atmospheric teleconnections. At interdecadal timescale, the phase change in the North Atlantic Oscillation modulates the zonal shift in the EAS via the East Atlantic-West Russia teleconnection. At interannual timescale, the Pacific/North American teleconnection becomes the dominant factor altering the zonal shift and width change of the EAS.
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Soliev, Ilkhom, Marco A. Janssen, Insa Theesfeld, Calvin Pritchard, Frauke Pirscher, and Allen Lee. "Channeling environmentalism into climate policy: an experimental study of Fridays for Future participants from Germany." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac30f7.
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Abstract This study argues that scholars and policy-makers need to understand environmental activists better to bridge the gap between growing activism and policy. Conventional wisdom is that environmental activists generally support stronger climate policies. But there is still little understanding about diversity of views within activist groups when it comes to specific policies, and existing studies indicate that their views are not uniform, which can weaken their impact as a group. Activists might unite to demand change, but not necessarily agree on details of the desired change. Exploring the differences within the group, this paper focuses on how to nudge those who already share favorable attitudes towards policies that mitigate climate change. The motivation has been to see, in presence of general support for stronger environmental policies, whether this support could be channeled into more specific policies. We first take on a methodological challenge to construct an index of environmental predisposition. Then drawing from existing social-behavioral scholarship, we analyze results of an experimental survey with select treatments previously reported as promising. In November and December 2019, we collected responses from 119 participants at the Fridays for Future demonstrations in Germany. The results indicate that there are indeed important differences within the group, and nudging effects exist even in this rather strongly predisposed group, with participants assigned to the experimental group showing higher levels of support for the introduction of a carbon tax that is traditionally seen as a difficult policy to gain widespread public support. We find that those who score neither too high nor too low are more likely to respond to nudging. Yet, the effects vary for general outcomes such as policy support, behavioral intentions, and environmental citizenship. Overall, the findings show the value of understanding the heterogeneity of individual views within environmental movements better and directing interventions in large resource systems such as climate to specific issues and target groups for accelerating transformations towards sustainability.
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Wang, Jing, Hui-Zhen Fu, Jiaqi Xu, Danqi Wu, Yue Yang, Xiaoyu Zhu, and Jing Wu. "Trends of Studies on Controlled Halogenated Gases under International Conventions during 1999–2018 Using Bibliometric Analysis: A Global Perspective." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020806.
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A lot of research on international convention-controlled halogenated gases (CHGs) has been carried out. However, few bibliometric analyses and literature reviews exist in this field. Based on 734 articles extracted from the Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded database of the Web of Science, we provided the visualisation for the performance of contributors and trends in research content by using VOSviewer and Science of Science (Sci2). The results showed that the United States was the most productive country, followed by the United Kingdom and China. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had the largest number of publications, followed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of Bristol. In terms of disciplines, environmental science and meteorological and atmospheric science have contributed the most. By using cluster analysis of all keywords, four key research topics of CHGs were identified and reviewed: (1) emissions calculation, (2) physicochemical analysis of halocarbons, (3) evaluation of replacements, and (4) environmental impact. The change in research substances is closely related to the phase-out schedule of the Montreal Protocol. In terms of environmental impact, global warming has always been the most important research hotspot, whereas research on ozone-depleting substances and biological toxicity shows a gradually rising trend.
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Xing, Xinpeng, Jianhua Wang, and Lulu Tou. "The Relationship between Green Organization Identity and Corporate Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Sustainability Exploration and Exploitation Innovation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060921.
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The link between green organizational identity (GOI) and corporate environmental performance (CEP) has been investigated, but existing studies have no consistent conclusion. A significant research gap remains regarding the mediating role of sustainability exploration innovation (SER), sustainability exploitation innovation (SEI), and the moderating role of government environmental regulation (GER). This study explored the relationship between GOI and CEP in a moderated meditation model which includes SER, SEI, and GER. Using structural equation modelling and bootstrap method based on data sets from of 380 Chinese companies, the results show that: (1) GOI promotes SER, thereby enhancing CEP; (2) GOI promotes SEI, thereby enhancing CEP; (3) GER can positively moderate the indirect effect of GOI on CEP via SER; (4) GER negatively moderate the indirect effect of GOI on CEP via SEI. These findings suggest that firms choose different innovative ways between SER and SEI to improve CEP which depends on different levels of GER in China.
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Constantin, Marius, Juan Sapena, Andreea Apetrei, and Simona Roxana Pătărlăgeanu. "Deliver Smart, Not More! Building Economically Sustainable Competitiveness on the Ground of High Agri-Food Trade Specialization in the EU." Foods 12, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020232.
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Competitiveness has always been a multifaceted illusive concept, which has made it a real challenge for scholars and practitioners to find the most suitable measurement tools to completely encapsulate all the complex nuances of competitiveness. This becomes even more of a challenge when approached in relation to particular economic sectors. The agri-food sector is no exception, especially when considering all its interconnections with the other sectors: water, energy, transport, waste. All of them impact the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Similarly, scholars have been debating the meaning of sustainability for decades, some even arguing that it is a political, subjective, and, in some cases, self-contradictory concept. As far as the sustainability of agricultural competitiveness is concerned, the literature is still developing. It is much more focused on fostering environmental competitiveness, and less attention was paid to the strategies designed to capitalize on sustainable economic competitiveness—a concept that has attracted divergent opinions in the literature, mainly due to ambiguity. Thus, instead of falling into the pitfall of vagueness, this paper was aimed at bringing its contribution to this field by undertaking the research objective of exploring a single facet of sustainable agricultural competitiveness: the economic facet. Hence, this paper proposes the construction of the sustainable economic competitiveness index (SECI) with direct application for agri-food value chains. It consists of three attributes: (a) factor endowments, resource independence; (b) agricultural chain performance; and (c) national agricultural chain strategies and policies. In this study, SECI was tested against the cereal chain for a selection of EU countries, based on the data taken over from FAOSTAT and INTRACEN Trade Map, in the case of the 2011–2020 period. Various statistical and econometric methods were used to test the robustness of SECI. Results stand as proof that building sustainable agricultural economic competitiveness relies on a mix of strategic actions. The key vector in this mix is that trade flow patterns and policies must be calibrated in accordance with national factor endowments in order to achieve high levels of SECI. To add more managerial implications, this paper argues for the smart delivery of agri-food products with high added value instead of focusing on exporting big volumes of raw agricultural materials with little added value.
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Strauss, Benjamin H., Scott A. Kulp, D. J. Rasmussen, and Anders Levermann. "Unprecedented threats to cities from multi-century sea level rise." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 114015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e6b.
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Abstract A portion of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions will stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, raising temperatures and sea levels globally. Most nations’ emissions-reduction policies and actions do not seem to reflect this long-term threat, as collectively they point toward widespread permanent inundation of many developed areas. Using state-of-the-art new global elevation and population data, we show here that, under high emissions scenarios leading to 4 ∘C warming and a median projected 8.9 m of global mean sea level rise within a roughly 200- to 2000-year envelope, at least 50 major cities, mostly in Asia, would need to defend against globally unprecedented levels of exposure, if feasible, or face partial to near-total extant area losses. Nationally, China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, global leaders in recent coal plant construction, have the largest contemporary populations occupying land below projected high tide lines, alongside Bangladesh. We employ this population-based metric as a rough index for the potential exposure of the largely immovable built environment embodying cultures and economies as they exist today. Based on median sea level projections, at least one large nation on every continent but Australia and Antarctica would face exceptionally high exposure: land home to at least one-tenth and up to two-thirds of current population falling below tideline. Many small island nations are threatened with near-total loss. The high tide line could encroach above land occupied by as much as 15% of the current global population (about one billion people). By contrast, meeting the most ambitious goals of the Paris Climate Agreement will likely reduce exposure by roughly half and may avoid globally unprecedented defense requirements for any coastal megacity exceeding a contemporary population of 10 million.
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Abbas, Safeer, Uzair Arshad, Wasim Abbass, Moncef L. Nehdi, and Ali Ahmed. "Recycling Untreated Coal Bottom Ash with Added Value for Mitigating Alkali–Silica Reaction in Concrete: A Sustainable Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 10631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410631.
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Each year, about 730 million tons of bottom ash is generated in coal fired power plants worldwide. This by-product can be used as partial replacement for Portland cement, favoring resource conservation and sustainability. Substantial research has explored treated and processed coal bottom ash (CBA) for possible use in the construction industry. The present research explores using local untreated and raw CBA in mitigating the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) of reactive aggregates in concrete. Mortar bar specimens incorporating various proportions of untreated CBA were tested in accordance with ASTM C1260 up to 150 days. Strength activity index (SAI) and thermal analysis were used to assess the pozzolanic activity of CBA. Specimens incorporating 20% CBA achieved SAI greater than 75%, indicating pozzolanic activity. Mixtures incorporating CBA had decreased ASR expansion. Incorporating 20% CBA in mixtures yielded 28-day ASR expansion of less than the ASTM C1260 limit value of 0.20%. Scanning electron microscopy depicted ASR induced microcracks in control specimens, while specimens incorporating CBA exhibited no microcracking. Moreover, low calcium-to-silica ratio and reduced alkali content were observed in specimens incorporating CBA owing to alkali dilution and absorption, consequently decreasing ASR expansion. The toxicity characteristics of CBA indicated the presence of heavy metals below the US-EPA limits. Therefore, using local untreated CBA in concrete as partial replacement for Portland cement can be a non-hazardous alternative for reducing the environmental overburden of cement production and CBA disposal, with the added benefit of mitigating ASR expansion and its associated costly damage, leading to sustainable infrastructure.
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Fajarwati, Indah. "INDIKATOR SOSIAL – EKONOMI UNTUK PENGUKURAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN KAWASAN INDUSTRI BERBASIS KELAPA SAWIT KEK SEI MANGKEI (IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIAL – ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT INDUSTRIAL AREAS BASED ON PALM OIL)." Inovasi 15, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33626/inovasi.v15i2.74.
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KEK Sei Mangkei merupakan perwujudan dari program MP3EI, dengan mengembangkan industri hilir kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Keistimewaan KEK Sei Mangkei yaitu berada pada centra bahan baku dan lokasinya yang strategis untuk mendukung pengembangan KEK Sei Mangkei di masa mendatang. Untuk dapat mewujudkan keberlanjutan industri, perusahaan diminta untuk melakukan penilaian kinerja lingkungan, dengan melihat berbagai indikator. Penelitian ini fokus pada identifikasi indikator sosial dan ekonomi yang mempengaruhi kinerja lingkungan di kawasan industri Sei Mangkei berbasis klaster kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif deskriptif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa identifikasi variabel indikator sosial dan ekonomi di KEK Sei Mangkei yang mengacu pada Sustainability Reporting Guidelines (2011), yang didasarkan pada GRI Reporting Framework (2010) dapat dilaksanakan di KEK Sei Mangkei, walaupun ada beberapa variabel yang belum dilaksanakan dengan baik, dikarenakan masih sedikitnya industri yang beroperasional di KEK Sei Mangkei.
Kata kunci: KEK Sei Mangkei, kelapa sawit, kinerja lingkungan, GRI 2010, indikator sosial – ekonomi
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Malik, Abdul, and Niken Kusumarini. "Identifikasi Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Sekitar Mata Air Tiga Rasa Sebagai Upaya Konservasi Air Di Gunung Muria Kudus." Al-Hayat: Journal of Biology and Applied Biology 2, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ah.v2i1.4645.
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<p><em>T</em><em>he Springs of Tiga Rasa Rejenu is one of the springs located at one of the peaks of the seven peaks in the Muria mountains. The Tiga Rasa Springs are located at the peak of Argo Wiloso Rejenu, Kudus Regency. The diversity of vegetation around the Tiga Rasa Springs has an important role in the sustainability of springs source and discharge. This study aims to determine the composition of plants, vegetation forms, the index of importance value of vegetation components, and the abiotic environment impact around the springs. The method used is explorative descriptive analysis by dividing the area into four research stations based on the direction of the eye. At each research station there are three sample plots. Each station is divided into three sampling points with a size of 20m x 20m for trees, 10m x 10m for poles, and 5m x 5m for saplings and 2m x </em><em>2m for seedlings. Abiotic environmental parameters measured are air temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil temperature, soil pH, total dissolved solids, and water salinity. The research results around the Tiga Rasa Rejenu spring are that the H' values at the highest level of see dlings is fern Diplazium esculentum, the H' values at the highest level of saplings is the royal palm tree Roystonea regia, and the H' values at the highest level of poles and trees is Pterocarpus indicus. At all stations obtained average H’ value is 1.96 then the vegetation around the Tiga Rasa spring classified to medium plant diversity and medium community stability. Abiotic factors effect on the environmental conditions around the Tiga Rasa Rejenu springs. </em></p>