Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sustainability Environmental Index (SEI)'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sustainability Environmental Index (SEI).
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 36 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sustainability Environmental Index (SEI).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rivollier, Laurent. "Prevention of oil spills by tankers : feasibility study of a safety and environmental index (SEI)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36063.
Full text
2
Kelly, Gregory. "Development of a Sustainability Index for Local Roads in Southeast Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/415807.
Full textAbstract:
A high-quality transportation system is a necessity in a modern economy. The road network is a common, and perhaps the most significant, component of a transportation system and an essential part of all modern economies. Road systems are developed to enable the safe movement of passenger vehicles and freight at reasonable speed. Meeting this objective is essential for an efficient economy. A functional road network is not only an important part of the transportation system but also an expensive investment. Good policy requires that infrastructure investment should provide a return on the investment. This investment warrants judicious management to ensure the infrastructure is maintained in a cost-effective manner.
This study proposed and developed the concept of a new Sustainability Index for Roads (SIR) using the three pillars of sustainability namely, economic, social and environmental. The reasons for implementing an index solely for roads are: to minimise the cost of road rehabilitation (has a high ongoing cost) (economic); involve the community (has little knowledge to make informed decisions) (social); and, to reduce the environmental impact of annual road rehabilitation programs across Australia (environmental).
This SIR provides an alternative approach to determine the optimal future target Pavement Condition Index (PCI) for a local government authority (LGA). The newly developed SIR includes a community consultation option to make a more informed decision when choosing a future target PCI. This decision involves balancing the community’s expectations (social pillar) regarding the annual road rehabilitation budget (economic pillar) with particular reference to the return on investment (ROI) for their annual road budget and both the financial and environmental costs (environmental pillar) of the different pavement design options for the rehabilitation of roads.
This study also produced a new tool for estimating the Return on Investment for the local government that provided their data for this study, for the rehabilitation of their road network. The study also provided a transparent low-cost method, to engage community representatives to consider what the community was willing to fund, using the ROI as above. The study also investigated the two most common road rehabilitation design types that incur different environmental impacts, from the local government works program. The study demonstrated that there is a difference in the environmental harm caused by the different road rehabilitation designs and that this difference can be shown in terms of costs to be incurred.
The SIR developed in this study equips the community with the knowledge to make informed decisions about the pavement condition and environmental harm they are willing to fund, paving the way for better road management by the relevant authority. The SIR is the community’s chosen Pavement Condition Index (PCI) after consideration the new ROI curve (Future PCI Versus annual Budgets) relative to the achieved PCI is an alternative road network specific measure of asset sustainability to the current Queensland ASR.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
3
Soto, Palacios Miguel Ángel. "Towards the Implementation of Patterns of Environmental Sustainability in Production and Consumption: Sustainable Public Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118731.
Full textAbstract:
Public spending of many states makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of countries, which are the main consumers of the national economies. For this reason, the purchasing power is an opportunity to influence the market by promoting production and consumption of sustainable and friendly goods to the environment.In this sense, this article discusses the system of Sustainable Public Procurements as a way to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production patterns and, thus, reach sustainable development for a green economy.El gasto público de muchos Estados contribuye de manera significativa en el Producto Bruto Interno de los países, siendo normalmente los principales consumidores de las economías nacionales; razón por la que dicho poder de adquisición constituye una oportunidad para influir en el mercado, fomentando la producción y el consumo de bienes sostenibles y amigables con el ambiente. En ese sentido, el artículo aborda el mecanismo de las Compras Públicas Sostenibles como una herramienta para promover patrones de Consumo y Producción Sostenibles y, consecuentemente, lograr el desarrollo sostenible en el marco del concepto de una economía verde.
4
Vieira, Paulo MÃrcio Souza. "Development of an index of hydro-environmental sustainability of mountainous areas (Case study: APA BaturitÃ, CearÃ)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12884.
Full textAbstract:
In order to support an integrated management policy and the rational use of water resources toward sustainable development, it is unavoidable the search of efficient instruments to measure the performance of hydrological and environmental systems. Indicators and indexes have the role of translating numerically one specific situation and point out to the decision maker the sustainability status of that region. The development of a hydro-environmental sustainability index complies a multidisciplinary analysis dealing with several interrelated aspects of hydrologic and environmental parameters, based on some important criteria such as: water availability, quality and use of water, people access to water, environment impact.To the development of such an index in the State of Cearà a representative area of the semiarid highland environment has been chosen: Baturità APA (Area of Environmental Protection).A model structure based on the Pression-State-Response approach has been considered, resulting in the proposition of a Hydro-Environmental Sustainability Index for the highlands in the Semiarid Brazilian Region.No intuito de dar suporte à uma polÃtica de gestÃo integrada e uso racional dos recursos hÃdricos de forma a garantir um desenvolvimento sustentÃvel à imprescindÃvel a aplicaÃÃo de ferramentas capazes de medir o desempenho dos sistemas hÃdricos e ambientais. Os indicadores e Ãndices tÃm o papel de traduzir numericamente uma determinada situaÃÃo e apontar, ao tomador de decisÃo, o sentido da sustentabilidade de uma regiÃo. O desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de sustentabilidade hidroambiental (ISHA) corresponde a uma anÃlise multidisciplinar tratando de vÃrios aspectos de inter-relacionamento entre parÃmetros hÃdricos e ambientais tendo como base alguns critÃrios importantes como: disponibilidade hÃdrica, qualidade e uso da Ãgua, acesso à mesma e impacto no meio ambiente. Para o desenvolvimento de um Ãndice desta natureza no CearÃ, foi escolhida uma Ãrea representativa de Ambientes Serranos no SemiÃrido do Estado - a APA (Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental) do MaciÃo BaturitÃ. Foi considerado um modelo estrutural baseado na abordagem PressÃo-Estado-Resposta propondo uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de Sustentabilidade Hidroambiental para Ãreas serranas do SemiÃrido brasileiro.
5
Connolly, Clare B. "Sustainability in the Apparel Industry: Improving How Companies Assess and Address Environmental Impacts Through a Revised Higg Index Facility Module." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078373.
Full textAbstract:
This study was focused on analyzing the Facility Environmental Module (FEM) of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition’s (SAC) Higg Index. The research objectives were twofold: 1) to test whether the indicators featured in the FEM could accommodate the data requirements for calculating environmental impacts of apparel products, and 2) to identify if the FEM indicators could satisfy the data and information needs of other key stakeholder groups.
The long track record of irresponsible social and environmental practices in the apparel industry began gaining more attention in the press toward the end of the 20th century. Since then, many companies have been prompted to introduce sustainability practices in response to business-threatening criticisms. While these measures helped companies manage their supply chains better, for the most part the improvements remained at the scale of individual companies, limiting their effectiveness in implementing systemic change in the apparel industry.
The potential for improving sustainability across the industry rests in the ability for apparel companies to engage collaboratively toward the common goal. Helping to facilitate this objective is the Higg Index, the SAC’s self-assessment suite of tools. The Index is presently composed of three modules, which use a standardized scoring methodology to rate the performance of an apparel company’s brand, facilities, and products, respectively. One of the issues with the current state of the Index is the lack of connectivity between the product and facility modules. Because the processes conducted at the facility level have a direct impact on the embedded impacts of the product, it is important to consider these factors when assessing the lifecycle implications of a given product.
The second issue considered in this study is that facilities are often confronted with external pressures to report, comply, and seek certifications related to environmental performance. In practice, this requires completing data and information requests similar to those of the Higg Index. However, these tasks can be burdensome for facility managers who may need to gather data from multiple sources. If the FEM and other Higg Index modules were structured in such a way that they could reduce the time and effort required to complete other requests for information they would likely be more easily adopted.
A gap analysis approach was used to test the FEM’s ability to yield valuable data for product LCAs and to understand its potential synergies with other data and information requests. First, the metrics that could be expected from a completed FEM were compared against the requirements of the product LCA methodology using a restructured excel file. This file featured all FEM key performance indicators (KPI) and included dedicated columns for mapping the criteria for data needed by each LCA impact category methodology. The second test involved using a similar excel-based tool to assess the equivalencies between the FEM KPIs and those featured in two example external frameworks: the Fair Trade Product Standard and the Cradle to Cradle Standard.
Based on the results of these gap analyses, it became clear that there is significant potential to improve the assessment of facilities’ performance through the introduction of more quantitative KPIs. This would be required to calculate relative impacts for product LCAs and it would also help facilities gain a better understanding of their performance. It is therefore recommended that the SAC reassess the KPIs featured in the FEM and request more quantitative metrics. Additionally, continuing to evaluate the equivalencies of other sustainability frameworks may help the SAC to identify common KPIs that are asked by external organizations but not included in the FEM. These elements could then be incorporated into a future version of the FEM for a more comprehensive assessment of facility environmental performance.
6
Butler, Colin David, and Colin Butler@anu edu au. "Inequality and Sustainability." The Australian National University. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030324.171924.
Full textAbstract:
Global civilisation, and therefore population health, is threatened by excessive inequality, weapons of mass destruction, inadequate economic and political theory and adverse global environmental change. The unequal distribution of global foreign exchange adjusted income is both a cause and a reflection of global social characteristics responsible for many aspects of these inter-related crises.
¶
The global distribution of foreign exchange adjusted income for the period 1964-1999 is examined. Using data for more than 99% of the global population, a substantial divergence in its distribution is found. The global Gini co-efficient, adjusted for national income inequality, increased from an already high value of 71% in 1964 to peak at more than 80% in 1995, before falling, very slightly, to 79% in 1999. The global distribution of purchasing parity power income is also examined, for a similar period. Though also found to be extremely unequal, its trend has not been to increased inequality. Implications of the differences between these two trends are discussed.
¶
A weighted time series index of global environmental change (IGEC) for the period 1960-1997 was also calculated. This uses nine categories of global time series environmental data, each scaled so that 100% represents the level of each category in nature prior to anthropogenic change; zero represents decline to a critical point. This index fell from 82% in 1960 to 55% in 1997, and will further decline during this century.
¶
Using evidence from several disciplines, it is argued that the decline in the IGEC correlates with major macro-environmental changes, which, combined with flawed social responses to scarcity and its perception, place at risk the ability of civilisation to function. This could occur because of the interaction of conflict, economically disastrous extreme climatic events, deterioration of other ecosystem services, regional food and water insecurity, and currently unforeseen events. Uncertainty regarding both a safe rate of decline and the tolerable nadir of the IGEC is substantial.
¶
Substantial reduction in the inequality of foreign exchange adjusted income is vital to enhance the development of policies able to reverse the decline in the environmental goods which underpin civilisation, and to promote the co-operation needed to maximise the chance that civilisation will survive.
7
Muslu, Deniz. "INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN FASHION INDUSTRY." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17105.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This research is designed to see the level of innovativeness of fashion brands in terms of being sustainable. It also aims to find out if there is a relation between business models and innovativeness within sustainability of fashion brands. Following the literature review, desk research, consumer survey and expert interviews are carried out. Desk research is made through web pages of fashion brands and some organizations. The information from the web pages revealed a lot about the current sustainability actions. In this desk research, 10 companies are examined in regard to their sustainability actions, to learn about what has been done and to see what can be considered as innovative in terms of sustainability. Following the desk research, a consumer survey is designed to explore the consumer opinion on the topics of sustainability and innovation. A consumer survey of 100 people is conducted at the Swedish School of Textiles. Due to the need for conscious knowledge about sustainability and innovation, people who studies or works in the textile school is specifically chosen as a cluster. The sample is called “Informed consumers” and is believed to have savvy about innovation and sustainability. How sustainability actions of brands are perceived, how consumers evaluate fashion brands and what they understand from “innovativeness” are some questions explored in the survey. Results are given via frequency distribution charts and maps. Following the survey, 5 interviews are made with contacts from the companies to study the issue also from the perspective of the business world. These expert interviews are verbally structured and are explained within the research. The method of interviews is qualitative research method and the result provides the reader an insight. To propose an assessment method for fashion companies, “The Innovation within Sustainability Index” is constructed. Although this index is inspired by some current environmental index models, the final model is original and includes the consumer perspective as well as author’s own evaluation on the innovative sustainability actions of the fashion companies. The companies which are evaluated in the index are: H&M, Lindex, Gina Tricot, Zara, Acne, Filippa K, Patagonia and Nike. At the end, it was not possible to point out significant relation between business models and innovativeness within sustainability. However, this result may differ when the model is applied to larger samples.Program: Master Programme in Fashion Management
8
Niskota, Jozo. "Environmental performance in cooperative enterprises as determinant of economic and social wellbeing in the Eastern Adriatic : the Cooperative Sustainability Index." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/36497/.
Full textAbstract:
Societies in the world have been struggling to redefine ways to general prosperity, although a general interest in a more human world order is constant. At the same time, cooperatives operate as privately owned for-profit enterprises having social purpose as their primary objective. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of achieving sustainable development in enterprises operating under the cooperative principles to bring about human development and environmental improvement. The paradigm suggests interactions among environmental performance, economic results, social benefits and the ethical cooperative principles. Information on more than 1,500 coops was gathered in the EU countries of Croatia and Slovenia, and in one non-EU country Bosnia-Herzegovina and a survey was carried out among coops that were commercially active over a 12-year period from 2002-2013. After deploying the survey via email and through structured telephone interviews, statistical analysis was completed on randomly chosen 100 coops. The results support the main research hypotheses. First, the union of environmental performance and cooperative principles (EP&CP) confirm the existence of a relationship with the economic results. Secondly, the combination of environmental performance and cooperative principles (EP&CP) also indicate a relationship with social benefits. Above all, it is concluded that better results in economic and social benefits are gained in the group having positive Environmental Performance and Cooperative Principles (positive EP&CP) compared to the group where positive only EP was observed. This generally indicates the important contribution of Cooperative Principles to Sustainable Development. Using the survey data an innovative Cooperative Sustainability Index (CSI) has been produced as composite indicator measuring the success in applying ethical elements within two dimensions: the cooperative principles dimension and the environmental. Slovenia has the highest ranking score; Croatia shows less success at the second position; Bosnia Herzegovina has the weakest results. Sustainable development conditions across the Eastern Adriatic region demonstrate an interesting diversity in the environmental sustainability results among the states, but to a certain extent there are similarities as far as social and economic conditions are concerned. Paradoxically, socialism damaged social enterprises like coops in the post-WWII period in the Eastern Adriatic. This occurred not only because the socialist governments misinterpreted cooperative principles, but above all because democratic organisations like coops in a non-democratic society challenge the ethical orthodoxy. In the last few decades, the recovery of coops has varied according to their geographical location. As demonstrated, coops mostly positively prevent contemporary environmental degradation of the world’s resources but also positively contribute to economic and social issues; this puts them in an important position to reduce the inequalities produced by contemporary authoritarian capitalism across the world. In this sense, the first Cooperative Sustainability Index will find its future application and usefulness.
9
Gonzalez, Mejia Alejandra M. "Fisher Information - Sustainability Analysis of Several US Metropolitan Statistical Areas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1318610140.
Full text
10
Alam, Shafiqul. "Developing life cycle environmental indicators for road infrastructure." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102099/1/Sheikh%20Mohammad%20Shafiqul_Alam_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study delivered a comprehensive life cycle carbon footprint indictor for sustainable development and management of road networks. The developed indicator termed ‘Road Use Greenhouse Factor (RUG Factor)’ is scientifically validated for its quantification, impact assessment on the conventional cost-benefit analysis based economic interventions, and suitability of integration with other indicators required for sustainable road asset management. The study also made important contribution on quantitative indicator development methodology, dynamic aspect of life cycle assessment, road social indicator study, road sustainability index development and road carbon map development.
11
Semler, Keith R. "Development of a Karst Tourism Management Index to Assess Tourism-Driven Degradation of Protected Karst Sites." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3143.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this research was to create and evaluate a karst tourism management index (KTMI). This index is intended to be a new management tool designed to quantify environmental disturbances caused specifically by tourism activities in karst regions, particularly show caves and springs. In an effort to assess the effectiveness of the index as a management tool in karst terrains, after development, the index was applied to six case study sites. A review of the management policies at each study site was conducted with the use of standard policy critique methods and semistructured interviews with managers at the study sites. After interviews were completed, the newly created index was applied to the study areas with the aid of park land managers. Including land managers in the application process allowed for active land managers to provide more meaningful feedback on potential improvements to the KTMI to ensure the most universally applicable and thoroughly field-tested index tool was created. Upon application and continual refinement of the index to the six study sites, a new data-driven management tool to measure disturbances to karst terrains by tourism was developed. The KTMI consist of an Overall Score category that is broken down into the two main categories of Management and Tourism. The KTMI contains 168 indicators that all need to be scored individually to obtain results, with Management containing 100 of the indicators and Tourism containing the other 68 indicators.
12
Couto, Odir Fernando Vidal. "Geração de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para Bacias Hidrográficas em áreas urbanas através do emprego de técnicas integradas de geoprocessamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13541.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia voltada para a geração de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental aplicável a bacias hidrográficas urbanas abrangendo fatores relativos aos aspectos sociais, econômicos e físicos da bacia. O índice proposto foi implementado na bacia do arroio Sapucaia localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, abrangendo parte dos municípios de Cachoeirinha, Canoas, Esteio, Gravataí, Novo Hamburgo e Sapucaia do Sul, compreendendo uma área de aproximadamente 131 km2, estando a mesma sujeita a um intenso processo de urbanização e submetida a uma forte pressão antrópica. O índice proposto constitui-se de três dimensões: FDH ( Fator de Desenvolvimento Humano ), FUS ( Fator de Uso do Solo ) e FFP ( Fator de Fragilidade Potencial ). O FDH tem por objetivo representar aspectos da qualidade de vida da população expressa pelos itens educação, longevidade, renda e saneamento. O FUS avalia o uso do solo predominante na sub-bacia com base na classificação da imagem. O FFP avalia os aspectos físicos da bacia tomando por base a configuração da hidrografia e os dados altimétricos da área. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas as folhas MI 2970/4 (São Leopoldo) e MI 2971/3 (Gravataí) da Cartografia Sistemática Brasileira em escala 1:50.000, uma imagem do sensor ASTER do ano de 2001 (plataforma EOS/TERRA), bandas 1, 2 e 3N com resolução espacial de 15 m, fotografias aéreas em escala 1:40.000 do ano de 1991 e a base de informações por setor censitário do Censo Demográfico 2000 (IBGE) dos municípios integrantes da bacia. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada como instrumento de análise ambiental de bacias hidrográficas localizadas em áreas urbanas, sobretudo quando da inexistência de uma base de dados mais elaborada. Nesse aspecto o trabalho também permitiu demonstrar o potencial de utilização das técnicas de geoprocessamento como elemento de apoio na construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental. Os resultados foram apurados por sub-bacia originando um mapa final de setorização em função dos níveis de sustentabilidade, classificados como alta, média e baixa sustentabilidade. Esse mapa indicou cinco áreas, considerando a distribuição espacial dos níveis de sustentabilidade apurados em cada sub-bacia, constituindo-se assim num primeiro indicador das suas condições ambientais. Os resultados demonstram que as áreas mais sujeitas a pressão urbana, são aquelas que apresentaram os menores níveis de sustentabilidade, como no caso das sub-bacias 7 (IS = 0,531), 9 (IS = 0,67) e 10 (IS = 0,665) contudo também apontam baixos níveis de sustentabilidade para aquelas áreas localizadas junto as nascentes da bacia, em função de uma maior fragilidade potencial, como no caso da bacia 1 (IS = 0,612). Recomendando-se dessa forma restrições quanto ao seu uso e ocupação, bem como a adoção de políticas ambientais e de ordenamento territorial voltadas a sua preservação.This study proposes a methodology come back for the generation from an index of applicable environmental sustainability to hydrographic basins situated in urban areas considering relative factors to the social, economic and physical aspects of the basin. The proposed index was implemented in the basin of the Sapucaia river located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, embracing part of cities of Cachoeirinha, Canoas, Esteio, Gravataí, Novo Hamburgo and Sapucaia do Sul, understanding an area of approximately 131 km2, being the same subjects to an intense urbanization process and submitted to a strong human-induced pressures. The proposed index is constituted of three dimensions: FDH (Factor of Human Development), FUS (Factor of Use of the Soil) and FFP (Factor of Potential Fragility). FDH has for objective to represent aspects of the quality of life of the population expressed by the items education, longevity, income and sanitation. FUS evaluates the use of the predominant soil in the sub-basin with base in the classification of the image. FFP evaluates the physical aspects of the basin taking for base the configuration of the hydrography and the elevation data of the area. In this study employed were the 1:50.000 charts, from Braziliam Systematic Cartography, MI 2970/4 (São Leopoldo) and MI 2971/3 (Gravataí) pages, an ASTER image (EOS/TERRA platform) of the year of 2001, used bands 1, 2 and 3N with space resolution of 15 m, aerial pictures in scale 1:40.000 of the year of 1991 and the 2000 Demographic Census (IBGE) of the integral municipal districts of the basin. The methodology was shown appropriate as instrument of environmental analysis of hydrographic basins situated in urban areas, above all when of the inexistence of an elaborated base of data. In that aspect the study also allowed to demonstrate the potential of use of the geoprocessing techniques as support element in the construction of indicators of environmental sustainability. The results were select for sub-basin originating a final map of sectors according to level of sustainability, classified as high, medium and low sustainability. This map indicated five areas, considering the spatial distribution of the levels of sustainability in each sub-basin, thereby a first indicator of its environmental conditions. The results show that the areas most subject to pressure urban, are those that have the smallest levels of sustainability, in the case of sub-basins 7 (IS = 0.531), 9 (IS = 0.67) and 10 (IS = 0.665), however also show low levels of sustainability for those areas located nears the sources of the basin, according to a greater potential fragility, as in the case of sub-basin 1 (IS = 0.612). Recommending so restrictions on their use and occupation, and the adoption of environmental policies and territory planning toward its preservation.
13
Elijošienė, Sandra. "Sudėtinio indekso taikymas vertinant Lietuvos ir kitų ES šalių darnumą 2004 - 2010 m." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130614_171231-51536.
Full textAbstract:
Norint įvertinti esamą šalių situaciją, lyginti praėjusius laikotarpius ir įvardinti ateities prognozes, darnų vystymąsi reikia formalizuoti, t.y. jį reikia išreikšti kiekybinių ir kokybinių rodiklių kompleksu – darnaus vystymosi indeksais. Vienas iš paprastesnių įvertinimo būdų yra sudėtinis darnumo indeksas. Šio darbo tikslas ir yra įvertinti Lietuvos ir kitų ES šalių darnaus vystymosi pokyčius 2004 - 2010 m., naudojant sudėtinį indeksą. Norint pasiekti šį tikslą buvo išanalizuoti pagrindiniai ekonomikos, socialinio vystymosi ir aplinkos rodiklių pokyčiai ES15, Baltijos šalyse bei Lenkijoje ir Čekijoje. Pastarosios šalys buvo pasirinktos, nes visos į ES įstojo 2004 m. ir jų praeitis buvo panaši, o jų vystytmasis lyginamas su ES senbuvėmis šalimis. Sudėtiniui indeksui apskaičiuoti buvo naudota OECD metodika „Handbook on constructing composite indicators methodology and user guide“ (2008). Taip pat buvo apskaičiuoti subindeksai ir bendras darnumo indeksas. Išanalizavus duomemis paaiškėjo, kad naujų ES narių dauguma rodiklių, pvz., BVP, eksportas, energijos ir medžiagų intensyvumas, kūdikių mirtingumas, skurdas ir kt., pagerėjo analizuotu laikotarpiu. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ekonomikos subindeksas geriausias yra ES15, o aplinkos – Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje. Tuo tarpu sudėtinis darnumo indeksas 2004 ir 2010 m didžiausias buvo ES15 ir siekė 55,6 ir 57,9 balus atitinkamai. 2004 m mažiausias darnumo indeksas buvo Lenkijoje - 39,05 balai, o 2010 m – Latvijoje 45,7. Lietuvos darnumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Wanting to evaluate present country situation, compare past and predict forecast, harmonious progress needs to be formalized (it needs to be expressed as quantitative and qualitative index integrate – harmonious growth progress). One of the simplest evaluation methods is harmonious integrate index, which shows country harmony. This job object is to evaluate Lithuania‘s and other EU country harmonious growth alteration of year 2004-2010, applying integrate index. To achieve this goal main growth and environmental index changes of ES15 have been analyzed in Baltic States, Poland and Czech Republic. These countries were selected because they all joined EU in 2004 and their past was similar and results are compared with countries that have been longer in EU. ‘Handbook on constructing composite indicators methodology and user guide’ (2008) were used OECD methodology to calculate integrate index. Sub-indexes and total coherence indexes were also calculated. After analyzing information of countries, which recently joined EU, it has become clear that their indexes like GDP, export, energy and material intensity, children death, poverty etc. have become better after they joined EU. Also, it was estimated that economy sub-index ES15 is the best and environment – in Lithuania and Latvia. Meanwhile, integrate harmony index ES15 became biggest in 2004 and 2010 and accordingly reached 55, 6 and 57, 9 points. Smallest harmony index was in Latvia – only 39, 09 in 2004 and 45, 7 in 2010... [to full text]
14
Tanaka, Nakasone Gustavo. "Contabilidad ambiental: una propuesta basada en los reportes de sostenibilidad en las industrias minera, petrolera y de gas." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114749.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes an environmental accounting system in Peru that will improve the sustainability reporting of Peruvian corporations and have a positive impact on all the stakeholders (communities, stockholders, government, NGOs, etc.). This new environmental accounting system will allow companies to properly quantify and report environmental issues and have a more integral assessment and analysis of all the variables which affect their triple bottom line.Moreover, environmental issues in Peru will be partially solved when companies adhere to accurate measurement rules, timely submission of data, and fulfillment of government regulations. The principle behind the proposal is that accurate measurement, calculation and reporting on pollution levels will improve the ways companies address environmental and social issues, as well as enhance their financial results. This paper focuses on companies of the mining, gas and oil sectors, since they are arguably some of the main contributors to Peru’s GDP, as well as some of the nation’s largest polluters.Este trabajo de investigación propone un sistema de contabilidad ambiental en el Perú que mejorara los reportes de sostenibilidad de las empresas y tendrá un impacto positivo en todos los stakeholders (comunidades, accionistas, entidades del gobierno, ONG, etc.). Este nuevo sistema de contabilidad ambiental permitirá a las empresas medir adecuadamente y comunicar aspectos ambientales, además de una evaluación y análisis integral de todas las variables que afectan su triple bottom line (aspectos sociales, ambientales y financieros).Por otro lado, las cuestiones ambientales en el Perú serán parcialmente resueltas cuando las empresas se adhieran a las reglas de medición exacta, presentación oportuna de la información, y cumplimiento de los requisitos del gobierno. El principio detrás de la propuesta es que una medición precisa, cuantificación y presentación de informes sobre los niveles de contaminación permitirá a las empresas optimizar las maneras en que ellas abordan las cuestiones ambientales y sociales, así como mejorar los resultados financieros. Este documento se centra en las empresas de los sectores deminería, gas y petróleo, ya que representan algunos de los principales contribuyentes al PBI en el Perú, así como los contaminadores más grandes de la nación.
Este trabalho de pesquisa propõe um sistema de contabilidade ambiental no Peru, que melhorará os relatórios de sustentabilidade das empresas e terá um impacto positivo sobre todos os stakeholders (comunidades, acionistas, governo, ONGs, etc.) Este novo sistema de contabilidade ambiental permitirá as empresas a quantificar e relatar, adequadamente, questões ambientais assim como uma avaliação e análise integral de todas as variáveis que afetam a seu triple bottom line.Além disso, as questões ambientais no Peru serão parcialmente resolvidas quando as empresas aderirem às normas de medidas precisas, a apresentação de dados no seu devido momento e ao cumprimento das exigências do governo. O princípio por trás desta proposta é que as medidas precisas, os cálculos e os relatorios de níveis de poluição permitirão as empresas melhorar as formas em que elas abordarão as questões ambientais e sociais, bem como melhorar os resultados financeiros. Este artigo concentrase em empresas dos setores de mineração, gás e petróleo, uma vez que eles são, indiscutivelmente, alguns dos principais contribuintes para o PIB do Peru, bem como os maiores poluidores do país.
15
Dougherty, John Paul. "Three Essays on the Economic Sustainability of Drought Insurance and Soil Investment for Smallholder Farmers in the Developing World." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531672015876609.
Full text
16
Mantalovas, Konstantinos. "Increasing the Circularity of asphalt mixtures: Integrated Sustainability and Circularity Assessment as a progress monitoring tool towards more Circular and Sustainable asphalt pavements." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/482219.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability and Circular Economy (CE) are two concepts that lately have been profoundly linked to each other. The road engineering industry has gradually been adapting practices that are considered both circular and sustainable. However, not all of these practices entirely consider the whole life environmental and circularity assessment and implications of asphalt mixtures.; which in turn leads to doubtfully circular and sustainable approaches. For this reason in this thesis, after analysing the ways that National Road Authorities implement and communicate CE through questionnaires and web searches, a Material Circularity Index quantifying framework, based on the proposed methodology of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, for asphalt mixtures was developed to assess their circularity. Within this framework, aspects relevant to the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixtures have also been incorporated. Furthermore, in order to also include the aspect of sustainability, a combined circularity and environmental sustainability assessment framework and indicator for asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt was developed; by utilising the Material Circularity index methodology and the well-established framework of Life Cycle Assessment. The development of the frameworks was followed by case studies that verified the models and projected their usefulness towards more informed decisions when it comes to more circular and sustainable asphalt mixtures. Results of this thesis highlight that National Road Authorities are still facing a plethora of challenges towards the implementation and communication of CE, along with lack of knowledge and incentives. They do implement CE principles such as recycling and preventive maintenance, but they do not utilise metrics to assess their performance. By utilising the proposed indicator and frameworks circular and sustainable recommendations could be drawn along with a knowledge development map for the involved stakeholders. Most importantly, it was deduced that practices that are considered sustainable and highly circular, after the combined sustainability and circularity assessment , were actually found not to be what believed so far. Thus, when it comes to asphalt mixtures and their life cycles, during the decision-making process, each CE-related action must be thoroughly investigated case by case.Sustainability and Circular Economy (CE) are two concepts that lately have been profoundly linked to each other. The road engineering industry has gradually been adapting practices that are considered both circular and sustainable. However, not all of these practices entirely consider the whole life environmental and circularity assessment and implications of asphalt mixtures.; which in turn leads to doubtfully circular and sustainable approaches. For this reason in this thesis, after analysing the ways that National Road Authorities implement and communicate CE through questionnaires and web searches, a Material Circularity Index quantifying framework, based on the proposed methodology of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, for asphalt mixtures was developed to assess their circularity. Within this framework, aspects relevant to the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixtures have also been incorporated. Furthermore, in order to also include the aspect of sustainability, a combined circularity and environmental sustainability assessment framework and indicator for asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt was developed; by utilising the Material Circularity index methodology and the well-established framework of Life Cycle Assessment. The development of the frameworks was followed by case studies that verified the models and projected their usefulness towards more informed decisions when it comes to more circular and sustainable asphalt mixtures. Results of this thesis highlight that National Road Authorities are still facing a plethora of challenges towards the implementation and communication of CE, along with lack of knowledge and incentives. They do implement CE principles such as recycling and preventive maintenance, but they do not utilise metrics to assess their performance. By utilising the proposed indicator and frameworks circular and sustainable recommendations could be drawn along with a knowledge development map for the involved stakeholders. Most importantly, it was deduced that practices that are considered sustainable and highly circular, after the combined sustainability and circularity assessment , were actually found not to be what believed so far. Thus, when it comes to asphalt mixtures and their life cycles, during the decision-making process, each CE-related action must be thoroughly investigated case by case.
17
Neto, Josà Alves Carneiro. "Ãndice de sustentabilidade ambiental para os perÃmetros irrigados Ayres de Sousa e Araras Norte." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2262.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoEste trabalho objetivou a realizaÃÃo de uma anÃlise integrada do atual uso dos recursos naturais dos perÃmetros irrigados de Ayres de Sousa (PIAS) e Araras Norte (PIAN), localizados na Bacia do Acaraà a norte do Estado do CearÃ, atravÃs do desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de sustentabilidade agroecolÃgica, validado a partir de uma pesquisa transversal baseada em dados de questionÃrios tipo âcross-overâ aplicados aos produtores agrÃcolas beneficiados pelos respectivos projetos de irrigaÃÃo. Aplicou-se uma amostragem exploratÃria, adotando um modelo de amostragem nÃo probabilÃstico, obtendo uma populaÃÃo amostral de 48 questionÃrios para o perÃmetro irrigando Ayres de Sousa e 30 questionÃrios para o perÃmetro irrigado Araras Norte. A populaÃÃo residente à formada exclusivamente de agricultores veteranos, em sua maioria possuem mais de cinco anos na atividade agrÃcola; no perfil familiar representativo observa-se como Ãnica atividade de renda, a agricultura, um nÃmero de filhos superior a dois e baixo grau de alfabetizaÃÃo, um pouco mais elevado no PIAN. NÃo à comum o uso de prÃticas de conservaÃÃo do solo como: consÃrcios, cobertura morta ou rotatividade de cultura; ou adoÃÃo de medidas de controle quanto ao uso de Ãgua. Medidas de conservaÃÃo ambiental como coleta do lixo domiciliar e Ãrea de preservaÃÃo sÃo consideradas inexistentes ou de baixa eficiÃncia. A aplicaÃÃo de defensivos agrÃcolas à feita sempre com o uso do aplicador costal, sem respeitar as normas mÃnimas de seguranÃa quando ao uso de Equipamento de ProteÃÃo Individual (EPI). O mÃtodo dos componentes principais foi utilizado como forma de agregaÃÃo dos indicadores de estado da sustentabilidade para se chegar a um Ãndice de sustentabilidade. Estabeleceu-se ainda uma relaÃÃo causal entre os indicadores das forÃas condicionantes e o Ãndice de sustentabilidade estimado que permitisse avaliar as necessidades ou insuficiÃncia de recursos advindos da populaÃÃo prejudiciais ao agroecossistema presente. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os perÃmetros gozam de um estado de sustentabilidade fragilizada, sendo que o PIAN apresentou uma melhor situaÃÃo em termos de estado mÃdio da sustentabilidade contraposto com os resultados do PIAS, porÃm ambos apresentam sustentabilidade comprometida. Do ponto de vista de cada tipo de indicador em separado, o confronto dos dados, que gerou o indicador da Bacia do Rio AcaraÃ, apresenta uma situaÃÃo aparentemente inesperada onde 69,00% das unidades do PIAS sÃo consideradas ainda sustentÃveis contra apenas 40,43% das unidades do PIAN, ficando subjugado o resultado anterior de cada perÃmetro (54,6% para o PIAS e 76,6% para o PIAN).
18
Menzel, Warken Ines Liani, and Roberto Carlos Klan. "Sostenibilidad ambiental: un estudio sobre la perspectiva de la teoría institucional." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114827.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to analyze the innovative forces that influence a university for the donation of environmental sustainability practices, from the perspective of institutional theory. To reach the proposed objective, a questionnaire was applied about environmental education with 97 closed questions, adapted by Freitas (2013) and answered by the sustainability department from Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS). Data were tabulated in Excel software treated quantitatively using descriptive statistics. The results show that the innova- tion forces that influence UFFS comes from the internal and external and are motivated by coercive isomorphism (36,56%) and normative isomorphism ( 36,56%) and by mimetic isomorphism (26,88%). Denoted thus, that the institution adopts the environmental sustainability practices influenced predominantly by legislation and professional, instead of imitating legitimized practices between Higher Education Institutions - (HEIs). These results are similar to findings from national and international studies on environmental sustainability in HEIs, which definesas incipient in the segment.El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las fuerzas innovadoras que influyen en una universidad para que adopte prác-ticas de sostenibilidad ambiental desde la perspectiva de la teoría institucional. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, se le dio a la Dirección General de Sostenibilidad de la Universidad Federal del Sur de la Frontera (UFFS) un cuestionario, adaptado de Freitas (2013), sobre educación ambiental, con 97 preguntas cerradas. Los datos fueron tabulados usando Excel y analizados cuantitativamente mediante el uso de la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados demostraron que las fuerzas innovadoras que influyen a la UFFS provienen del entorno interno y externo, y está motivada por el isomorfismo coercitivo (36,56%), el isomorfismo normativo (36,56%) y el isomorfismo mimético (26,88%). De modo que la institución ha adoptado las prácticas de sostenibilidad ambiental preponderantemente influenciada por la legislación y profesionalización, en lugar de imitar las prácticas establecidas entre las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Estos resultados son similares a los resultados de estudios nacionales e internacionales sobre la sostenibilidad ambientalen las IES, que las definen como nuevas en el tema.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as forças inovadoras que influenciam uma universidade para a adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental, sob a perspectiva da teoria institucional. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto, aplicou-se um questionário sobre Educação Ambiental com 97 questões fechadas, adaptado de Freitas (2013) e respondido pelo departamento de sustentabilidade da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS). Os dados foram tabulados no software Excel e tratados de maneira quantitativa por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resul- tados demonstram que as forças de inovação que influenciam a UFFS advêm do ambiente interno e externo e é motivada por isomorfismo coercitivo (36,56%), isomorfismo normativo (36,56%) e por isomorfismo mimético (26,88%). Denota-se assim, que a instituição adota as práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental influenciada preponderantemente pela legislação e profissionalização, ao invés de imitar práticas legitimadas entre as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Estes resultados se assemelham aos achados de estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre asustentabilidade ambiental em IES, que a definem como incipiente no segmento.
19
Ben, Abdallah Golli Olfa. "La Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises : un levier pour la durabilité écologique. Validation empirique pour la Méditerranée." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0039/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’objet de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’étude du rôle de l’intervention de l’État dans les pays méditerranéens, et ce dans la promotion de la démarche responsable. Ce travail doctoral fournit une revue générale de l’étude du rôle des facteurs environnementaux dans le cadre du développement qualifié durable, il évoque, entre autres, les changements intervenus au niveau de la perception de la politique RSE, dans la région méditerranéenne. Dans l’étude que nous menons sur la RSE, nous focalisons notre recherche sur les démarches responsables aussi bien volontaires que celles menées obligatoirement, suite à des contraintes institutionnelles, et les soumettons à comparaison. Ce faisant, nous nous penchons en particulier sur la manière dont le concept RSE a été fortement relié à la notion de la durabilité environnementale. La première partie de ce travail présente une revue exhaustive et critique de la littérature sur les démarches responsables. Au niveau de la deuxième partie, essentiellement factuelle, nous cadrons les fondements empiriques et institutionnels d’un modèle de la croissance verte. L’estimation et la validation sont présentées au niveau de dernier chapitre. Les résultats obtenus nous amènent à affirmer, qu’en premier lieu, la RSE affecte positivement la qualité de l’environnement. En deuxième lieu, des démarches différentes se juxtaposent pour proposer des scénarios de la performance environnementale à l’échelle de la Méditerranée. En troisième lieu, il ressort que l’intervention contraignante de l’État fait perdre à la RSE son efficacité, à quoi s’ajoute l’impact - sur la RSE - de la disparité au niveau institutionnel et la différence du niveau de développement d’un pays à l’autre. En dernier lieu, nous pensons que l’interaction entre la volonté et l’obligation de mener des actions responsables pourrait être à l’origine d’une perfection en termes de durabilité écologique au niveau des pays riverains de la MéditerranéeThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the study of the role of State intervention in the Mediterranean countries, and this in the promotion of the responsible approach. This doctoral work provides a general review of the study of the role of environmental factors in the context of sustainable qualified development. It discusses, among other things, changes in the perception of CSR policy in the Mediterranean region. In our study on CSR, we focus our research on both voluntary and obligatory approaches, following institutional constraints, and subject them to comparison. In doing so, we focus in particular on how the CSR concept has been strongly related to the notion of environmental sustainability. The first part of this work presents an exhaustive and critical review of the literature on responsible approaches. In the second part, which is essentially factual, we frame the empirical and institutional foundations of a green growth model. Estimation and validation are presented at the last chapter level. The results highlight the relationship between CSR and governance as regards sustainable growth and sustainable environmental-friendly growth, at the macroeconomic level.The results obtained allow us to confirm that firstly, CSR plays a positive role in order to improve the quality of the environment. Secondly, various approaches overlap and tie together to propose environmental-performance scenarios throughout the Mediterranean.Thirdly, it appears that the restrictive intervention of the state weakens CRE efficiency, added to this the impact on -CSR- of the disparity at the institutional level and between countries of different development level. Finally, according to the results obtained, we believe that the interaction between the will and the duty to carry out responsible actions could in turn constitute/ lead to a perfection in terms of ecological sustainability for Mediterranean-bordering countries
20
Aidoo, Eric. "Geostatistical modelling of recreational fishing data: A fine-scale spatial analysis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1813.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainability of recreational fisheries resources rely on effective management of the fishery which includes monitoring of any changes in the fishery. In order to facilitate the ongoing management of the recreational fishery, an understanding of the spatial dynamics of catch per unit effort (catch rate), fishing effort and species diversity is important for fishery managers to make area-specific decisions and to develop strategies for ecosystem based fisheries management. These indices are critical components of information used to inform on recreational fishing activities and evaluate the changes in the fishery resources.
Geostatistical techniques such as kriging can provide useful tools for characterising the spatial distributions of these indices. However, most recreational fishing data are highly skewed, zero-inflated and when expressed as ratios are impacted by the small number problem, which can influence estimates obtained from the traditional kriging. In addition, the use of recreational fishing data obtained through surveys may influence mapping and area-specific decisions as such data are associated with uncertainty.
In Western Australia, recreational fishing has a participation rate of approximately 30%. Data for this thesis were collected from boat-based recreational fishers through phone-diary surveys at spatial resolution that supports spatial analysis and mapping through geostatistical techniques. In this thesis, geostatistical modelling techniques were used to analyse those recreational fishing data in the West Coast Bioregion of Australia, with the development and evaluation of a data transformation approach that takes into account data characteristics and uncertainty. As a first step in the analysis, a suitable kriging estimator for recreational fishing data was determined. This was based on the application of ordinary, ordinary indicator and Poisson kriging estimators for seven aquatic species with different behaviours and distribution patterns. Some of these estimators can handle different distribution properties including high skewness, zero-inflation and small number problems. In general, the indicator kriging performed similarly across species with different life history characteristics and distribution patterns and provided accurate estimates of catch rates for most of those species. To evaluate the incorporation of measurement uncertainty, the study presents a soft indicator kriging approach that uses a logistic function transformation, which is combined with probability field simulation to determine the effect of measurement uncertainty on mapping and fishing area delineation. The results suggest that the incorporation of the measurement uncertainty improves the ability to draw valid conclusions about the estimation results, which may influence any decision regarding the delineation of areas with high catch rates for spatial management. The recreational fishing data used also provided the basis for studying the spatial patterns in species diversity in the entire fishery. The analysis revealed that species diversity, dominance and evenness display similar spatial patterns on a global scale.
The study highlighted the inherent spatial variability in catch rate, fishing effort and species diversity, illustrating areas with high values, or hotspots of these indices. This statistical-based modelling approach is important as it allows prediction of these indices in specific locations taking into account data characteristics and uncertainty. The estimated maps are important for supporting fishery resources management.
21
Terrazos, Poves Juana Rosa, and Gómez Enrique Jesús Cabrera. "Indirect Expropriations in Investment As a Result of the Exercise of the Regulatory Power and its Relationship with the Patrimonial state Liability of the Public Administration." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118660.
Full textAbstract:
In this article the authors highlight the promotion of private sector participation in infrastructure development for the provision of public services, through joint actiondesigned for the private and public sector instruments. Under that context, they take asa starting point the figure of corporate governance, as an efficient state action, because itinvolves a change in the conception of the state and non-state roles in investment in publicservices, considering the actors public and private, as a cooperating conjunction with theformulation and implementation of public policies.In this context, the authors develop and analyze pending tasks in the exercise of regulatoryauthority and its relation to the patrimonial liability of the State, which in their view must also be taken into account for the effectiveness of corporate governance.En el presente artículo, se destaca el fomento de la participación del sector privado en el desarrollo de infraestructura para la prestación de servicios públicos, a través de instrumentos ideados para una actuación conjunta de los sectores privado y público. Bajo ese contexto, toman como punto de partida a la gobernanza corporativa como una actuación eficiente del Estado, en tanto implica una variación de la concepción de los roles estatales y no estatales en materia de inversión en la prestación de servicios públicos, considerando a los actores públicos y privados como una conjunción cooperante con la formulación y la ejecución de políticas públicas.En ese contexto, los autores desarrollan y analizan tareas pendientes en materia del ejercicio de la potestad reguladora y su relación con la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado que, desde su perspectiva, deben también tenerse en cuenta para la efectividad de la gobernanza corporativa.
22
RODRIGUES, Mariana da Silva. "Impactos ambientais urbanos: desafios e perspectivas para a implementação de políticas públicas no Estado de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17832.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-13T17:25:28Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
DISS BIBLIOTECA MARIANA RODRIGUES.pdf: 1239089 bytes, checksum: 3dc32ce84977917f39f10b61b2feb5f7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T17:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISS BIBLIOTECA MARIANA RODRIGUES.pdf: 1239089 bytes, checksum: 3dc32ce84977917f39f10b61b2feb5f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-18
FACEPE
Faz-se imprescindível a instauração de um novo modelo de gestão urbana, baseado na regulação pública dos interesses privados, o que pressupõe um poder político legitimado pela credibilidade democrática, honestidade e eficiência. Analisar e mediar diretrizes das políticas públicas ambientais das Unidades Federativas assegura um caminho para a sustentabilidade e a construção de um arcabouço histórico da relação existente entre realidade histórica e ideal político. Os processos sociais e as políticas públicas deverão coexistir. Pensar a política pública ambiental dos Estados significa incorporar à cidade real concomitante a mudança acelerada do cenário mundial. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa científica irá subsidiar um novo modelo de análise da implementação de políticas públicas ambientais. A Análise Fatorial será a metodologia utilizada para comparar o grau de influência das variáveis ambientais voltadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável no Brasil. Através dessas informações os planejadores públicos poderão intervir em políticas específicas de desenvolvimento privilegiando medidas bottom-up approach em que todos os atores públicos e privados possam ser envolvidos na formulação e implementação de programas. Considerando a análise de implementação delineada na pesquisa, elaborou-se o Índice Relativo de Sustentabilidade Ambiental (IRSA) das capitais brasileiras, assim como a classificação político-partidarista das regiões de forma a subsidiar um modelo de análise das políticas públicas ambientais que permita a identificação das fragilidades e ideologias presentes nas Unidades federativas. A investigação viabilizará a possibilidade de a gestão pública refletir e propor políticas públicas que promovam o avanço de suas cidades para uma média de desenvolvimento ambiental eficaz e exequível. A pesquisa visa colocar à luz o fato de o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas ambientais atravessam questões multidisciplinares que envolvem uma imersão de inputs necessários à produção de políticas públicas eficientes. As considerações obtidas poderão nortear e intensificar a aplicação dos recursos públicos em setores que transformem as Unidades Federativas em Estados que promovam a sustentabilidade em suas cidades.
It will be essential for the establishment of a new urban management model based on public regulation of private interests, which requires a political power legitimized by democratic credibility, honesty and efficiency. Analyze and mediate guidelines of environmental policies of the Federal Units ensures a path to sustainability and building a historical framework of the relationship between historical and political reality ideal. Social processes and public policies should coexist. Think environmental public policy of the United means incorporating the real concomitant city rapidly changing world scenario. Thus, this scientific research will support a new analysis model of implementation of environmental policies. The Factorial Analysis is the methodology used to compare the degree of influence of environmental variables aimed at sustainable development in Brazil. With this information public planners may intervene in specific development policies favoring bottom-up approach measures in all public and private actors can be involved in the formulation and implementation of programs. Considering the implementation of analysis outlined in the research, drew up the Relative Index of Environmental Sustainability (IRSA) of the Brazilian capitals, as well as political and partisan classification of regions in order to support a model of analysis of environmental public policies that enable the identification the weaknesses and present ideologies in federative units. The investigation will enable the possibility of public management reflect and propose public policies that promote the advancement of their cities for an average of environmental development effective and feasible. The research aims to put forth the fact that the development of environmental policies cut across disciplinary issues involving immersion of inputs needed to produce efficient public policies. The obtained considerations can guide and intensify the use of public resources in industries that transform the Federative Units in States that promote sustainability in their cities.
23
Dias, Edson Aparecido. "Índice de sustentabilidade empresarial e retorno ao acionista: um estudo de evento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/691.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Edson Aparecido Dias.pdf: 907626 bytes, checksum: e4d9757a83fb8593062c00e7b381b5ee (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-02-14Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
There has been a lot of debate about Sustainability into the organizations recently. Some theorists state the organization should consider in their strategies elements that include the interest of the different stakeholders. This theoretical chain considers that economics, social and environmental systems are integrated, and so the organizations can t implement strategies which consider just one dimension. Other chain affirms the organizations should maximize the long term value and concentrate their efforts and investments on production and competitiveness, so they need to focus in only one objective, which is the long term value maximization of the firm, in this way, according this theory social welfare will be also maximized. In this complex context, sustainability indexes were created worldwide. These indexes in general, evaluate several dimensions and relations between the organization and society, environment and equity holders. In Brazil, was created in 2005 the sustainability index, ISE. Annually the BOVESPA announces to the market the new ISE Group, in which is included the companies that submit voluntarily, the answers to a wide survey about their sustainability practices. The inclusion on such group indicates the companies were evaluated according the rules of BOVESPA s sustainability rules. There are several discussions, if the organizations that make part of ISE group or similar, can capture abnormal returns to their shareholders, and if investments done in sustainability receive special attention by capital markets. This study investigates, using the event study methodology, if the announcement of being part of ISE group, creates value to shareholders. As event period was defined -15 to 120 days from announcement date, and in this period were created several event windows. In this research, the methodology is applied in two different ways: first; comparing the ISE group companies with a traditional Brazilian market index, the Ibovespa; second is the comparison with companies that have most part of their revenues from activities and products categorized in the same sector class (according BOVESPA) as the ISE ones, called in this study as control group. The results indicate the companies included in the ISE group do not capture Cumulated Abnormal Returns (CAR), when compared with the index market, in any event window. Anyhow, there were not found results that infer about lost of value, due the ISE announcement to the firm. By the other way, the results indicated that ISE companies can capture cumulated abnormal returns with statistically significant levels, when compared with the control group, in windows close to the announcement day. These results could be used to support manager s processes of decision, for establishing policies regarding sustainability of organizations.
O tema Sustentabilidade nas organizações tem sido bastante debatido, recentemente. Algumas correntes teóricas afirmam que, para garantir a perenidade, as organizações devem inserir na sua estratégia elementos que considerem o perfeito equilíbrio nas relações com diversos grupos de interesse. Esta linha teórica descreve que, os sistemas econômicos, sociais e ambientais estão integrados, e, portanto, as organizações não podem implementar estratégias que contemplem somente uma das dimensões. Outras correntes afirmam que, as organizações devem criar valor no longo prazo e concentrar seus esforços e investimentos na produção e na busca da competitividade e, para tanto, enfocando em um único objetivo: a maximização de valor da organização no longo prazo e, desta forma, haverá, conseqüentemente, ganhos e bem estar para toda sociedade. Neste contexto complexo, Índices de Sustentabilidade foram criados em escala global. Estes índices, em geral, avaliam várias dimensões das relações da organização com a sociedade, meio ambiente e com os provedores de capital para a empresa. No Brasil, especificamente no ano de 2005, foi criado o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE). Anualmente, a BOVESPA anuncia ao mercado a nova carteira do ISE, na qual constam empresas que respondem, voluntariamente, um questionário amplo sobre as suas práticas de Sustentabilidade. A participação na carteira indica que estas empresas foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios de Sustentabilidade da Bolsa. Existe muita discussão se as organizações que fazem parte deste indicador ou de indicadores similares trazem retornos anormais aos acionistas, e se, investimentos em práticas de sustentabilidade são bem vistos pelo mercado de capitais. O presente trabalho investigou, por meio da metodologia de estudo de evento, se a entrada de uma empresa na carteira do ISE, traz valor ao acionista. Foi estabelecido um período de evento de -15 até 120 dias do dia do anúncio e criado, dentro deste período, diversas janelas de evento. Nesta pesquisa, a metodologia foi aplicada de duas formas distintas: a primeira, por meio da comparação das empresas do ISE com um índice de bastante tradição no mercado de capitais brasileiro, o Ibovespa; e a segunda, fazendo-se a comparação com empresas que tem suas atividades principais dentro da mesma classificação setorial (de acordo com a BOVESPA) das empresas pertencentes à carteira do ISE, e que são chamadas, neste trabalho, de Grupo de Controle. Com relação aos resultados encontrados, quando comparadas com o índice de mercado as empresas participantes da carteira do ISE não demonstram retornos anormais acumulados positivos e, estatisticamente significantes, em nenhuma das janelas de evento do estudo. De qualquer forma, não foram encontrados, também, resultados robustos que levem a inferência de destruição de valor devido ao anúncio de entrada da empresa na carteira. Por outro lado, os resultados com Grupo de Controle indicam que, empresas que foram anunciadas como participantes do ISE, conseguem obter retornos anormais acumulados, estatisticamente significantes, em janelas próximas a data de anúncio. Sendo assim, estes resultados podem servir de apoio para os processos de tomada de decisão dos gestores das companhias, no estabelecimento de políticas relacionadas às práticas de Sustentabilidade nas organizações.
24
Araújo, Sérgio Silva de. "Apropriação dos recursos naturais e conflitos socioambientais no baixo São Francisco em Sergipe e Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4041.
Full textAbstract:
The population living in the low San Francisco in Sergipe and Alagoas are facing serious problems arising from the ownership of natural resources modes, promoted by the state, whose dams along the river channel are the biggest protagonists in the use of water resources. The electricity sector has appropriated the water and soil, generating environmental impacts that interfere in social practices, represented by the utilization of territories and resources available in the hydrographic basin. The general objective of the thesis is to analyze the model of appropriation of natural resources face the environmental impacts downstream of the Xingó Hydroelectric Plant. The specific objectives were: a) research and analyze the social, economic and environmental characteristics of the municipalities that compounds the low São Francisco area; b) identify, typify and analyse the socioenvironmental conflicts around rice production, production of small-scale fishing and the extinction of Ilha do Cabeço; c) analyze the environmental perception of the residents of the island of Cabeço/Brejo Grande/SE and; d) research and analyze the socio-environmental sustainability in low São Francisco and show the results through the Anthropogenic Impact Polygon drawn on radar chart. Anthropogenic activities resulting from the current ownership model in the country, under the generation of energy from hydroelectricity, introduces undesirable impacts on the natural environment. These impacts are perceived on the changes in water quality, soil, fauna, flora and hydrodynamics of rivers. Low San Francisco rive hosts this appropriation of resources model. This justifies the work, an interdisciplinary perspective analysis. The theoretical framework contributed with the necessary support for the analysis about the social processes that involve conflicts and among them, the unequal distribution of access and control over the resources of the natural environment. These foundations gave meaning to the path taken, the model of appropriation of natural resources generate environmental impacts, whose reflexes change social practices, the use of territories and resources, which in turn, introduces social and environmental conflicts. The object of study, the municipalities and the environment in the lower course of the river San Francisco, Xingó to its mouth, in Sergipe and Alagoas in 1990 period to 2010. The analysis method was qualitative-quantitative, descriptive exploratory with visits to the field to survey the environmental impacts, to make digital photographic records and interviews. The intention was to show the different uses of the resources of the watershed and the consequences that followed the construction of the Xingó dam. The social indicators related to extreme poverty, infant mortality and illiteracy rate; economic related to per capita income, culture of rice production, hand crafted fishing and; environmental related to the flow of the river, running water and inadequate sanitation. The actors interviewed in the survey are fishermen, farmers, members of the Basin Committee of the São Francisco and villagers from Cabeço. Environmental conflicts are around the resource control and are distributive, since they have unequal access. Around the impacts and space due to its length. Around the sacred or territorial because deterritorializes communities. Environmental perception of hill dwellers enmeshed tangible and intangible elements. It was concluded that the adjustment of the river flows affect the behavior of sustainability indexes, the production of rice, fishing, quality of life of coastal and the environment.A população que vive na região do baixo São Francisco em Sergipe e Alagoas enfrenta graves problemas decorrentes dos modos de apropriação dos recursos naturais, promovidos pelo Estado, cujas barragens ao longo da calha do rio são as maiores protagonistas na utilização dos recursos hídricos. O setor elétrico tem se apropriado da água e do solo gerando impactos ambientais que interferem nas práticas sociais, na forma de utilização dos territórios e dos recursos disponíveis na bacia hidrográfica. O objetivo geral da tese foi analisar o modelo de apropriação dos recursos naturais frente aos impactos ambientais gerados a jusante da Hidrelétrica de Xingó. Os Objetivos Específicos foram: a) levantar e analisar as características sociais, econômicas e ambientais dos municípios que compõem o baixo São Francisco; b) identificar, tipificar e analisar os conflitos socioambientais em torno da produção de arroz, da produção da pesca artesanal e da extinção da Ilha do Cabeço; c) analisar a percepção ambiental dos moradores da ilha do Cabeço/Brejo Grande/SE e; d) levantar e analisar a sustentabilidade socioambiental no baixo São Francisco e exibir os resultados por meio do Polígono de Impacto Antropogênico. As atividades antropogênicas decorrentes do modelo de apropriação vigente no país, no âmbito da geração de energia por hidroeletricidade, introduzem impactos indesejáveis no meio ambiente natural. Esses impactos são percebidos nas mudanças da qualidade da água, solo, fauna, flora e hidrodinâmica dos rios. O baixo rio São Francisco é palco desse modelo de apropriação dos recursos. Isto justifica o trabalho em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar de analise. O referencial teórico contribuiu com o suporte necessário para a análise acerca dos processos sociais que envolvem os conflitos e dentre eles, a distribuição desigual ao acesso e controle sobre os recursos do ambiente natural. Esses fundamentos deram sentido ao caminho tomado, ou seja, o modelo de apropriação dos recursos naturais geram impactos ambientais, cujos reflexos alteram as práticas sociais, o uso dos territórios e dos recursos, que por sua vez, introduz conflitos sociais e socioambientais. O objeto de estudo corresponde aos municípios e o meio ambiente no baixo curso do rio São Francisco, de Xingó até a sua foz, nos Estados de Sergipe e Alagoas no período do ano de 1990 a 2010. O método de análise foi qualiquantitativo, exploratório descritivo, com visitas ao campo para levantamento dos impactos ambientais, registros fotográficos digitais e entrevistas. A intenção foi mostrar os diferentes usos dos recursos da bacia hidrográfica e as consequências que se sucederam à construção da barragem de Xingó. Os indicadores sociais estão relacionados à extrema pobreza, mortalidade infantil e taxa de analfabetismo; os econômicos, relacionados à renda per capita, à produção rizicultora, à pesca artesanal; os ambientais, relativos à vazão do rio, água encanada e esgotamento sanitário inadequado. Os entrevistados na pesquisa foram pescadores, agricultores, membros do Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco e moradores do povoado Cabeço. Os conflitos socioambientais encontrados se dão em torno do controle dos recursos e são distributivos, pois apresentam desigualdades no acesso; em torno dos impactos e espaciais, devido a sua extensão; em torno do sagrado ou territorial, pois desterritorializou comunidades. A percepção ambiental dos moradores do cabeço imbrica elementos tangíveis e intangíveis. Concluiu-se que a regularização das vazões do rio influenciou no comportamento dos índices de sustentabilidade ambiental.
25
Selden, Justin D. "The Effect of Dredging on Fish Communities in Agricultural Streams in Crawford, Sandusky and Seneca Counties of Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372421206.
Full text
26
Andrade, José Mario Ferreira de. "Construção de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para a agroindústria paulista da cana-de-açúcar (ISAAC)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7680.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Luciana Gabriel (luciana.gabriel@fgv.br) on 2010-09-30T19:31:37Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Jose Mario Ferreira.pdf: 9036720 bytes, checksum: 18815ea64e5239ddde80ac71ef0fe31c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2010-09-30T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Mario Ferreira.pdf: 9036720 bytes, checksum: 18815ea64e5239ddde80ac71ef0fe31c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-30
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de construção de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para a agroindústria paulista da cana-de-açúcar – ISAAC. Tal proposta é motivada pela busca de sustentabilidade para a cadeia produtiva da cana, cujo energético principal, o etanol, é exigido, mundialmente, como biocombustível produzido em base socioeconômica responsável, proveniente de fonte renovável, ambientalmente limpa e redutora de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa – GEE. Este estudo faz um diagnóstico da produção de cana, açúcar e álcool, bem como da bioenergia gerada no Estado de São Paulo, em 16 Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHI[s], nas quais a agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar é significativa economicamente. O trabalho também aponta o ranking de produção das 164 usinas que operaram na safra 2007/2008, indica a ocupação do solo e a vegetação nativa nos 462 municípios canavieiros e inventaria, dentre outros, a geração de resíduos, as emissões de GEE, o uso da água, os postos de trabalho e o valor da produção. A pesquisa projeta ainda uma estimativa de custos para se mitigar, no horizonte de 30 anos, algumas externalidades negativas e realiza uma breve conceituação de responsabilidade socioambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável. Para o desenvolvimento do índice, empregou-se a metodologia Pressão-Estado-Resposta – PER, da Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômicos – OCDE, a partir da escolha de um conjunto de 30 indicadores, avalizados por meio de seis atributos de seleção e dez princípios norteadores. Na valoração ponderada dos subíndices, foram considerados o atual nível de conhecimento, a percepção acerca da sustentabilidade e as características próprias das UGRHI[s] estudadas. O conjunto dos indicadores e subíndices assim construído é apresentado à consulta das partes interessadas, via Câmara Ambiental Sucroalcooleira, da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo – CETESB e Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas – CBH, em razão da forma participativa de atuação destes colegiados. Vislumbra-se que a CETESB implemente institucionalmente o ISAAC, por meio de relatório de sustentabilidade, o qual poderá se consolidar como instrumento eficaz da gestão ambiental da agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar.
This research has the purpose to propose the development of an Environmental Sustainability Index (henceforth ISAAC) for the sugarcane agro industry of the state of São Paulo. This proposal is driven by the everlasting search for the sustainability of the sugarcane value chain. Having ethanol as its main energetic product, the sustainability of the sugarcane value chain is an increasing worldwide demand, where the production of this bio fuel must meet social and economical needs, based on renewable sources, environmentally clean, and helps reduce greenhouse gases emissions – GHG. This study conducts a diagnostic of the sugarcane, sugar, ethanol and bio energy co-generated in the State of São Paulo, within 16 Water Resources Management Units (henceforth UGRHI[s]), where the sugarcane agro industry has an economical presence. This study also points out the production ranking of 164 sugarcane mills, during the sugarcane harvest season of 2007/2008; it indicates the land use and native vegetation in 462 sugarcane cities. This research analyzes, among other aspects, the waste generation, GHG emissions, water use, workplaces, the value of production and it mitigation plans for the next 30 years. Moreover, it takes into consideration some negative externality costs, and a brief conceptual evaluation of the social and environmental responsibilities for a sustainable development. In the development of the ISAAC index, based on groups of 30 indicators assessed through 6 selection attributes and 10 main guidelines, one utilized the pressure-state-response (henceforth PSR) methodology developed by OECD – Cooperative Organization for Economical Development. During the valuation of the weighed sub-indexes scores, one considered the current level of knowledge, the sustainability perception, and the characteristics of the UGRHI[s]. The group of indicators were submitted for consultation with all interested parties, such as, The Sugar and Alcohol Environmental Council from CETESB, various Water Basin Committees (henceforth CBH), civil society, private initiative and the state government. Having ISAAC institutionalized by CETESB, through sustainability reporting, this powerful tool could address the need of an efficient environmental management system for the sugarcane agro industry.
27
Ayyub, Muhammad Faisal. "Analysis between United Nation ESCAP and European Commission sustainable urban transport indicators." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23719/.
Full textAbstract:
The growth and concentration of motor vehicles has led to increase demand for urban mobility. Renewed commitments of urban cities are required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals SDG target 11.2 on urban mobility as well as to enhance overall sustainability of urban transport systems and services. Cities and countries need to track the progress in improving urban mobility. With a view to support evidence-based decision, the thesis introduces the Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI), a comprehensive assessment tool developed by UNESCAP to help summarize, track and compare the state of urban mobility in Asian cities. It also presents the results of pilot application of SUTI in two Asian cities: Greater Jakarta and Colombo completed in 2017. The two pilot cities were able to collect data, analysed and assess the state of urban mobility in their city using SUTI. The visual output display in spider diagram was very useful to comprehend state of all 10 key indicators in a glace. More Asian cities have shown interest in application of SUTI. A workshop held in Colombo confirmed the relevance and significance of SUTI tool to evaluate and assess state of urban transport systems and services in Asian cities and as well as to make comparison among peer cities. Similarly European Commission (EC) has developed a comprehensive set of practical and reliable indicators that support cities to perform a standardised evaluation of their mobility system and to measure improvements that result from new mobility practices or policies. Sustainable urban mobility indicators are a useful tool for cities and urban areas to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their mobility system and to focus on areas for improvement. As cities and urban areas continue to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) and work towards EU policy goals. The aim is to analyse the sustainable transport indicators of ESCAP and European union in terms of their input data and output result
28
Botshinda, Amelia. "Implementeringen av koldioxidsnåla och klimatpositiva benchmarks samt ESG-relaterad transparens i BMR : en kritisk granskning av kommissionens föreslagna ändringar av Benchmarkförordningen och dess förenlighet med de åsyftade ändamålen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165454.
Full textAbstract:
Vi lever i en tid präglad av drastiska klimatförändringar och ökade utsläpp av växthusgaser, där klimatångest har kommit att bli ett problem som tycks drabba såväl privatpersoner som företag. Allteftersom vår medvetenhet för samtidens klimathot ökar, har även hållbarhet fått en allt större betydelse för europeiska investerare. En tydlig konsekvens härav är den kraftiga ökningen av antalet hållbarhetsindex som identifierats på finansmarknaden. Hållbarhetsindex används ofta som komponent i passiva investeringsstrategier eller som verktyg för att mäta prestationen av olika värdepapper i en portfölj, och får på så vis funktionen av ett benchmark. Metoden för att utveckla såväl hållbara index som benchmarks kan emellertid variera, vilket ofta beror på att klimatrelaterad information kan vara extremt komplex att omvandla till finansiellt relaterbara värden. Svårigheterna härom har således minskat marknadens förtroende för sådana investeringsalternativ, trots den ökade benägenheten hos investerare att ta hänsyn till hållbarhet även i finansiella sammanhang. Bristande lagstiftning inom området föranledde Europeiska kommissionen att upprätta ett förslag om ändring av Benchmarkförordningen år 2018, som en del av sin handlingsplan för finansiering av hållbar tillväxt. Förordningen reglerar i dagsläget främst administratörer av benchmarks, vilka innehar det övergripande juridiska ansvaret för ett benchmark. Med förslaget införs nya kategorier för koldioxidsnåla och klimatpositiva benchmarks samt en reviderad transparensreglering som förpliktigar administratörer att offentliggöra hur de beaktar hållbarhet i sin metod och referensvärdesdeklaration. Även om förslaget välkomnats av flertalet aktörer, föreligger anledning att ifrågasätta huruvida marknaden kommer kunna förhålla sig till de ambitiösa ändringarna, samt om effekten av reglerna blir den som kommissionen eftersträvat. I uppsatsen identifieras och diskuteras de potentiella utmaningarna med förslagets ikraftträdande, vilka sedermera analyseras i förhållande till de åsyftade ändamålen med reglerna. Kritik riktas i uppsatsen främst mot förordningens bristande möjligheter att hålla andra aktörer ansvariga, eftersom uppfyllandet av de nya reglerna inte enbart är beroende av administratörernas eget agerande. Vidare konstateras att marknaden inledningsvis kommer att få stora svårigheter med insamling och verifiering av den klimatrelaterade information som är avgörande för användningen av miljövänliga benchmarks. Sett ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv tros emellertid ändringarna kunna skapa goda förutsättningar för en bättre inkludering av hållbarhet på finansmarknaden, utan kompromiss av ett konsument- eller investerarskydd.
29
Pan, Tze-Chin, and 潘子欽. "Environmental Sustainability Assessment Index System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62901519037089155703.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
97
A set of indicators is generally used to assess the state and progress toward environmental sustainability. However, current indicators have several problems, such as lacking a proper tool for developing indicators, traditional single-value indicators addressing the overall status only, no indicator available for assessing inter-generational equity, budget allocation not incorporated into decision processes, and limited public participation during indicator development. Thus, this study developed a sustainability indicator (SI) database, an inter-generational equity index (IGEI), an environmental sustainability accounting (ESA) system, and a sustainability map to facilitate assessment and promotion of regional environmental sustainability. The SI database provides not only systematic methods to collect and store the SIs, but also functions to classify and select indicators. Inter-generational equity is essential for environmental sustainability and appropriate indicators are desired for assessing it. Therefore, the IGEI and an endowment equation are proposed based on the temporal trend between two generations and a reasonable target. To demonstrate the applicability of the endowment equation, an IGEI is established to assess the inter-generational equity for global warming with three sub-indexes: CO2 emission, loss due to climate-induced disasters, and size of the existing forest area. The ESA system integrates the environmental sustainability indicator and the budget allocation sub-systems that were generally operated as independent systems. This ESA system can be applied to evaluate whether a budget is allocated properly for improving regional environmental sustainability, by analyzing the relationships among environmental sustainability indicators and budget items. The ESA system can assist managers in adjusting budget allocations to enhance environmental sustainability. The sustainable map is an on-line system that can present various spatial distributions and local sustainability issues. This map system is intended to encourage residents to care about their local environment and promotes public participation. The methods and tools developed in this study are expected to improve traditional indicators for effectively assessing and improving regional environmental sustainability.
30
KUO, YEN-HUNG, and 郭彥宏. "Environmental Sustainability Index: Computation, Analysis and Its Application in Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22375245709627925917.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
土木工程學系
91
Since the concept of sustainable development was introduced in 1980’s and promoted in the Rio World Summit in 1992, many nations and international organizations/institutes have tried very hard to build up strategies to accomplish it in a practical way. “Sustainable development indicators/indices” and “sustainability indicators/indices” have also become one of the most important research issues in this area. Such indicators have been developed and applied in different nations and regions. However, there has not been an indicator system that is widely accepted by the international community and capable of performing cross-national comparisons. Thus, the World Economic Forum and other organizations proposed an “Environmental Sustainability Index” (ESI) framework for carrying out relatively objective comparisons among countries and also studying the correlations between the ESI score and some economic performances. Unfortunately, because the environmental databases in Taiwan were not enough internationalized and Taiwan’s national identity is in a special situation, Taiwan has not been included in the ESI lists for the last three years from 2000 to 2002. According to the fact that Taiwan is a key economic entity in the world, taking Taiwan in the ESI list is crucially important. Thus, essential data were collected by all means and processed to obtain the ESI scores for Taiwan in 2001 and 2002. Results showed that, with Taiwan included in the country list, Taiwan had a rank of 58 in 123 countries and that of 119 in 143 countries in 2001 and 2002, respectively. On the other hand, Taiwan’s ranks for the national Current Competitiveness Index were 21 in both 2001 and 2002. This indicates that Taiwan’s performance in economic development is much better than in environmental sustainability. Moreover, as it was also observed that the ESI scores of most Asian countries and many island-countries were commonly low, some analyses were performed and the possible reasons were also examined. The statistical results show that there are significant differences between Asian countries and non-Asian countries in ESI. The situation is similar for island-countries and non-island-countries. As the structure of an indicator system exerts crucial influences on the ESI scores and ranks, we recalculate the ESI by various ways but without changing the basic framework. Different scores and corresponding ranks were derived and discussed, according to different weighting approaches.
31
Juwana, Iwan. "Development of a Water Sustainability Index for West Java, Indonesia." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19426/.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability of water resources is essential to ensure that available water can be used by both
present and future generations. To ensure sustainability, a comprehensive knowledge of the current
conditions of water resources is necessary. Once this information is obtained, relevant programs can
be designed to improve the quality and use of water resources. A water sustainability index is a
useful tool to obtain information on the current conditions of water resources. It can also be used to
identify all factors contributing to these conditions, to assist decision makers prioritising water
issues, to design programs related to water resource improvement, and to communicate the current
status of existing water resources to the general community. In the recent past, several indices related to water resource sustainability have been developed.
Even though there have been some successful experiences with the implementation of existing
sustainability indices, they are not fully applicable in other regions or countries, since most of these
indices have been developed for specific regions or countries. This study aims at developing a new
water sustainability index for West Java, Indonesia, which can be used as a tool to improve the
management of water resources in West Java. The development of the West Java Water
Sustainability Index (WJWSI) involved the design of the conceptual framework, the application of
Delphi technique to refine and finalise the conceptual framework, the application of WJWSI in three
West Java catchments, and finally the robustness analysis of WJWSI through uncertainty and
sensitivity analysis.
32
Butler, Colin. "Inequality and Sustainability." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/46233.
Full textAbstract:
Global civilisation, and therefore population health, is threatened by excessive inequality, weapons of mass destruction, inadequate economic and political theory and adverse global environmental change. The unequal distribution of global foreign exchange adjusted income is both a cause and a reflection of global social characteristics responsible for many aspects of these inter-related crises. ¶ The global distribution of foreign exchange adjusted income for the period 1964-1999 is examined. Using data for more than 99% of the global population, a substantial divergence in its distribution is found. The global Gini co-efficient, adjusted for national income inequality, increased from an already high value of 71% in 1964 to peak at more than 80% in 1995, before falling, very slightly, to 79% in 1999. The global distribution of purchasing parity power income is also examined, for a similar period. Though also found to be extremely unequal, its trend has not been to increased inequality. Implications of the differences between these two trends are discussed. ...
33
FERRULLI, PAOLINA. "GrADE - Green Airport Design Evaluation. Methods and tools for the environmental sustainability appraisal at the early stage of international civil airport design." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1036383.
Full textAbstract:
The research is focused on the evaluation process of airport project compliance with green building
requirements during preliminary stages of project design. The primary aim of the research was to
develop method and tools to check and evaluate the sustainability design performances since the early
stage of project development.
Airports can be constrained by environmental issues which restrict current operations and limit future
potential growth. It is necessary to consider all the specific factors involved in airport design that can
have an influence upon the environmental consequences of its subsequent operations and therefore
impact upon integrated sustainability strategies. Life cycle and long-term planning of airport
infrastructures demand a systemic approach to meet the need for change through better definition of
the design process and compliance with green building requirements.
The research defined specific method and tools enabling both design project control and sustainability
appraisal. The method is based on systematic process, linked to the development of sustainability
indicators that would inform a site-wide approach to the design of airport infrastructure. GrADE method
and tools will contribute in achieving the goal of sustainable development of airport infrastructure
providing a methodological framework to measure and monitor environmental sustainability
performance and creating new opportunities for the aviation regulatory organisations and airport
operators to define architectural and technological strategies to enhance sustainable airport
infrastructure design.
34
Guo, Zhimei. "Forest Biomass Utilization in the Southern United States: Resource Sustainability and Policy Impacts." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/975.
Full textAbstract:
As an alternative renewable source for bioenergy, forest biomass has recently drawn more attention from the U.S. government and the general public. Woody biomass policies have been adopted to encourage the new bioenergy industry. A variety of state policy incentives attempt to create a desirable legal climate and lure new firms, imposing two important questions regarding state government policies and the sustainable use of forest resources. This dissertation sheds some light on these questions.
The first paper constructs a woody biomass policy index through scoring each statute and weighting different categories of policies from the vantage point of renewable energy investment. It analyzes the disparity in the strength of state government incentives in the woody biomass utilization. The second paper employs a conditional logit model (CLM) to explore the effects of woody biomass policies on the siting decisions of new bioenergy projects. In addition, significant state attributes influencing the births of new bioenergy firms are identified such as resource availability, business tax climate, delivered pulpwood price, and the average wage rate. The third paper uses the Sub-Regional Timber Supply (SRTS) model to examine the regional aggregate forest biomass feedstock potential in Tennessee and to predict the impacts of additional pulpwood demand on the regional roundwood market through 2030. The fourth paper includes the benefits of thinning and logging residues in a dynamic optimization model to analyze how bioenergy policies will impact forest stock, harvest levels, optimal rotation, and silvicultural effort.
The results may have substantial implications regarding woody biomass policies, the creation of a new bioenergy industry, and sustainable forest resource management. A lucrative state woody biomass policy support and tax climate can attract new bioenergy businesses. States endowed with abundant forest resources may choose to provide strong tax incentives to spur the birth of new plants. However, overuse of forest biomass can impact roundwood markets and traditional wood processing industries. How government incentives will affect the sustainability of natural resources can be diverse. These findings offer constructive insights in the enactment and implementation of new woody biomass legislation.
35
Rei, Ana Carolina Almeida. "Índice circular sustentável: aplicação à Navigator." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23442.
Full textAbstract:
Cada vez mais a Economia Circular tem recebido uma grande atenção em todo o mundo, ganhando destaque como ferramenta para reduzir o impacto ambiental da produção e uso derecursos. Tanto nos países como a nível empresarial tem existido uma evolução na melhoria
da Economia Circular, levando a um desenvolvimento mais sustentável a nível de produção e consumo.
As empresas têm enfrentado diferentes desafios para combinar o melhor desempenho económico com uma maior responsabilidade ambiental e social, de modo que a monitorização da sustentabilidade se tornou essencial para as empresas tomarem decisões e gerirem as suas atividades.
A avaliação da sustentabilidade pode ser feita utilizando índices ou conjuntos de indicadores.
Assim, neste trabalho é desenvolvido e aplicado o Índice Circular Sustentável que avalia a sustentabilidade e circularidade das empresas da indústria transformadora. Este índice é aplicado à empresa "The Navigator Company" para o ano de 2019, de modo a responder às
seguintes questões: "Qual o nível de sustentabilidade e circularidade da "The Navigator Company"? e "Qual(is) a(s) dimensão(ões) que a "The Navigator Company" precisa de melhorar para ter um maior nível de sustentabilidade e circularidade?".
Constatou-se que o Índice Circular Sustentável da empresa é de 0,49, mostrando que a empresa é razoavelmente sustentável e circular, aplicando noções de sustentabilidade, tendo também presentes algumas preocupações com a Economia Circular. Concluiu-se, também,
que a dimensão Social e a dimensão Económica são as áreas prioritárias para mudanças de comportamento, pois são as dimensões menos sustentáveis com um valor de 0,04 e 0,08 respetivamente.The Circular Economy has been receiving more and more attention around the world for the last few years, gaining prominence as a tool to reduce the environmental impact of production and the use of resources. Both in countries and at the corporate level there has been an evolution in improving the Circular Economy, leading to a more sustainable development at both production and consumption levels. Companies have faced different challenges to combine better economic performance with greater environmental and social responsibility, thus the sustainability monitoring has become essential for companies to make decisions and manage their activities. Sustainability assessment can be achieved using indices or sets of indicators. Thus, in this paper the Sustainable Circular Index that assesses the sustainability and circularity of manufacturing companies is developed and applied. This index is applied to "The Navigator Company", for the year 2019, to answer the following questions: "What is the level of sustainability and circularity of "The Navigator Company"?" and "What dimension(s) does "The Navigator Company" need to improve to have a higher level of sustainability and circularity?". It was found that the Sustainable Circular Index of the company is 0.49, showing that the company is reasonably sustainable and circular, applying notions of sustainability and also taking into account some concerns about the Circular Economy. It was also, concluded that the Social dimension and the Economic dimension are the priority areas for behavioral changes, since they are the least sustainable dimensions with a value of 0.04 and 0.08, respectively.
36
Godoy, W. R. "Multi-Objective Optimisation of Water Resources Systems: a Shared Vision." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29722/.
Full textAbstract:
Water resources systems are operated for many uses such as for municipal water supply, irrigation, hydro-electric power generation, flood mitigation, storm drainage, and for recreation. Water resources systems may also serve as places of cultural and spiritual significance. Decision-making in this context is inherently multicriterial, often requiring multi-disciplinary participation with a view to seeking an optimal solution or, at best, a compromise between conflicting interests for water. Water resources planning involves a thorough understanding of not only the quantitative aspects such as the volumes of water harvested and released from reservoirs but also of the qualitative factors that underpin the shared vision for the operation of water resources systems for the benefit of all stakeholders. The aim of this study was to develop a structured multi-objective optimisation procedure for the optimisation of operation of water resources systems considering climate change. For this purpose, the integration of quantitative and qualitative information of water resources systems was achieved using a combined multi-objective optimisation and sustainability assessment approach as part of a three-phase procedure. This procedure was tested through the preparation of optimal operating plans for a case study of the Wimmera-Glenelg Water Supply System (WGWSS), assuming a range of hydro-climatic conditions. The WGWSS is located in north-western Victoria in Australia and is a multi-purpose, multi-reservoir system which is operated as a single water resources system; with many possible combinations of operating rules.