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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Gouge, Albert Patrick. The effect of radio frequency electromagnetic fields on cognitive function in humans: Sustained attention. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 2001.

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2

Office, General Accounting. Veterans affairs: Sustained management attention is key to achieving information technology results : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

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3

Nadel, M. V. FDA regulations: Sustained management attention needed to improve timely issuance : statement of Mark V. Nadel, Associate Director, National and Public Health Issues, Human Resources Division, before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1992.

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4

Guglielmotti, Paola, and Isabella Lazzarini, eds. «Fiere vicende dell’età di mezzo». Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.

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With the present Festschrift written in times of pandemic, the authors wish to honour and thank Gian Maria Varanini, paying tribute to him on the occasion of his retirement from the University. Varanini is a great scholar, sustained by an inexhaustible passion for history in all its dimensions, from the most minute to the most universal, and by a sensitive and critical attention to the interpretation of historical phenomena that has been provided by successive generations of scholars. A generous cultural organiser and an excellent publisher and editor, as an academic and professor he has always been committed to the safeguard of historical disciplines. Papers of E. Artifoni, S. Carocci, G. Castelnuovo, P. Corrao, M.N. Covini, M. Della Misericordia, F. Del Tredici, M. Gentile, P. Grillo, P. Guglielmotti, I. Lazzarini, J.-C. Maire Vigueur, E.I. Mineo, G. Petralia, L. Provero, R. Rao, F. Senatore, L. Tanzini, M. Zabbia.

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5

Attention providers of medical services to federal employees who sustain work-related injury/illness. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Federal Employees' Compensation programs, 1992.

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6

Deliberate Love: How Couples Can Deepen and Sustain Intimacy with the Mindful Use of Attention. N.L. Euwer & Co., Publishers, 2004.

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7

English, Brian. Market-Based Solutions for Poverty Reduction in India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0009.

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The rapid increase in slum populations in India has far outpaced the impact of interventions to date. Market-based solutions have started gaining the attention of governments, international aid groups, NGOs and entrepreneurs as they look for new ways to scale up their impact and sustain their interventions. Thousands of new social enterprises that seek to provide social benefits, and sustain largely on business revenues, have sprung up in response. Their rapid proliferation has attracted the attention of impact investors looking to create the next microfinance industry. This chapter profiles two case studies of market-based solutions in India that provide some important lessons for others fostering similar initiatives.

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8

Gitten, Jill Cari. Shifting and sustained attention deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 2001.

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9

Morrison, Sylvia R. Sustained and selective attention in subtypes of learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders. 1992.

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10

Morrison, Sylvia Ruth. Sustained and selective attention in subtypes of learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders. 1992.

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11

Robertson, Ian H., and Redmond G. O'Connell. Rehabilitation of Attention Functions. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.021.

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The evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation of three types of attention—selectivity, sustained attention, and attentional switching—is reviewed. Limited but significant effects in all three domains are observed, though evidence for generalization to wider everyday life functions remains relatively sparse. In the case of sustained attention and also in the case of spatial selectivity, the modulating effects of arousal are shown to be important, and higher level executive deficits may at times be exacerbated or even caused by lowered levels of arousal. Conversely, methods of modulating arousal may be used to improve sustained attention and executive functions in a range of clinical conditions. Attentional functions are key to other cognitive domains such as attention and perception, and so the promising evidence for attentional rehabilitation may contribute to the rehabilitation of other cognitive domains also.

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12

Lysaker, John T. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497293.003.0001.

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I’ve decided to turn the word “pretentious” into a compliment.—Eno, A Year With Swollen AppendicesIn 1978, Brian Eno released Ambient 1: Music for Airports on LP and cassette.1 Four tracks grace its two sides: “1/1,” “2/1,” “1/2,” and “2/2.” Lyrics are not involved. Instead, each track organizes clusters of sounds that repeat at irregular intervals and without any backing rhythms. Not only is it impossible to sing along, none of the tracks sustain the attention they initially gather. And yet it remains too interesting to ignore....

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13

Michener, J. Lloyd, Denise Koo, Brian C. Castrucci, and James B. Sprague, eds. The Practical Playbook. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190222147.001.0001.

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Drawing on the experiences of hundreds of public health and primary care clinicians from across the United States, this book explains why population health is receiving so much attention from policy makers in states and federal agencies; the practical steps that clinicians and public health professionals can take to work together to meet the needs of their community; signs that you are on the right track (or not); and how to sustain successes to the benefit of patients, community members, and the health care and public health teams that care for them.

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14

Functional neuroanatomy of sustained attention: Exogenous versus endogenous engagement. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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15

Kuemmerle, Walter. Innovation in Large Firms. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0012.

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This article provides a discussion of the complex relationship between large firms and innovation with particular attention paid to entrepreneurial mechanisms in large firms that foster such innovation. It should be noted that while the definition of entrepreneurship in this article covers all types of opportunity-seeking behaviour, the article focuses exclusively on the sub-set of entrepreneurship that results from technological progress and on the innovations associated with such progress. The article surveys the relationship between size and innovation. It elaborates on distinct barriers to innovation in large firms and then discusses factors and processes that help foster and sustain innovation in large firms before concluding with some avenues for further research.

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16

and, Bruno. Attention and Learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0009.

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Attention can be defined as a multifaceted gateway to consciousness. We use attention to focus on specific sensory signals (selective attention), to allocate resources to concurrent relevant sources (divided attention), to switch between tasks (alternate attention), to maintain focus on a task for a prolonged period (sustained attention), to ready ourselves for a quick response to sudden novel information (alertness); and all these processes, to some extent, control what sensory signals are processed up to the level of conscious awareness. The multifarious functions of attention often involve multisensory interactions, and in this chapter, will we discuss three broad issues in studying multisensory attention. We will start by considering multisensory spatial attention to signals within different sensory channels in a goal directed manner, in comparison to conditions whereby attention is automatically engaged by external multisensory signals. Next, we will discuss multisensory non-spatial attention. In conclusion, we will discuss the implications for multisensory learning and memory.

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17

Zanto, Theodore P., and Adam Gazzaley. Attention and Ageing. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.020.

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This chapter addresses how normal ageing may affect selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention, task-switching, and attentional capture. It is not clear that all aspects of attention are affected by ageing, especially once changes in bottom-up sensory deficits or generalized slowing are taken into account. It also remains to be seen whether deficits in these abilities are evident when task demands are increased. Age-based declines have been reported during many tasks with low cognitive demands on various forms of attention. Fortunately, the older brain retains plasticity and cognitive training and exercise may help reduce negative effects of age on attention. Although no single theory of cognitive ageing may account for the various age-related changes in attention, many aspects have been taken into account, such as generalized slowing, reduced inhibitory processes, the retention of performance abilities via neural compensation, as well as declines in performance with increased task difficulty.

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18

Normal development of five attentional processes: Focus, select, sustain, shift, and inhibit. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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19

Manohar, Sanjay, Valerie Bonnelle, and Masud Husain. Neurological Disorders of Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.027.

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Attention deficits are a frequent and particularly disabling consequence of many neurological disorders, from patients with focal brain lesions through to individuals with traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease. They are often associated with apparent confusion, fatigue, irritability, and increased time and effort to perform even simple everyday tasks, and constitute a real challenge for rehabilitation. In many cases, attention deficits may be crucial factors underlying failures of memory and higher cognitive functions, contributing to difficulties in resuming previous activities and independent daily living. Here the authors first consider four aspects of attention—selective, sustained, executive, and divided—together with brain regions and networks considered to underpin normal attention and disorders of attention. The authors focus on focal brain lesions, traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease as important examples illustrating the effects of different brain pathologies on attention function.

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20

Schapira, Lidia, and Lauren Goldstein. Dealing with cancer recurrence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0020.

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When patients conclude active cancer therapy, many experience an elevated degree of awareness and worry about disease recurrence. For most patients, this anxiety is intermittent and tolerable, but for others, it is quite disruptive. Patients’ psychological and cognitive difficulties are not systematically explored during routine medical visits. Receiving the news of cancer recurrence is enormously difficult and so is the disclosure of news for the oncologist. The chapter provides practical tips for disclosing prognostic information. Physicians can and should pay particular attention to patients’ overall quality of life, rather than focusing solely on the medical reality, and strive to balance their own communicative preferences and strategies with the needs of their patients, tailoring their process of disclosing news of recurrence to patients’ expressed preferences in order to facilitate coping and sustain the therapeutic alliance.

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21

Abraham, William J. Divine Concurrence and Human Freedom in Luis de Molina. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786511.003.0012.

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Here the author interacts with the work of Luis de Molina and his views on divine concurrence. He argues that Molina’s work centers on the potential role of specific divine assistance in the performance of human actions in relation to salvation and predestination. He also argues Molina is motivated by explicitly theological concerns for the integrity of divine aseity, perfection, love, and mercy. He also claims that Molina’s efforts to sustain a genuine place for human action in salvation, providence, predestination, and reprobation have significant implications for understanding the nature of divine knowledge. The author suggests that Molina’s conception of divine concurrence through merit ought to be revised for contemporary concerns about the integrity of human action, along with patient attention to the language of causality with respect to salvation that one finds in the Augustinian–Pelagian debates.

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22

Lindsay, Colin. Work First Versus Human Capital Development in Employability Programs. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.029.

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Policymakers across advanced welfare states have prioritized programs to enhance the employability of unemployed people and help them to find and sustain work. In this regard, analysts have drawn attention to the difference between Work First and Human Capital Development (HCD) models. The former seek to direct people to any available job as quickly as possible; the latter seek to improve long-term employability through investments in human capital (typically via education and training). This chapter deploys a framework for comparing Work First‒ and HCD-oriented approaches to employability, identifying differences in rationales, content, and outcomes. A key conclusion is that policymakers (and indeed researchers) need to adopt a broader, more holistic view of the factors affecting the unemployed. A better understanding can inform the development of programs that combine Work First and HCD elements and address the problems that explain why some people face prolonged periods excluded from the workplace.

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23

Gildenhard, Ingo. A Republic in Letters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804208.003.0008.

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The corpus of letters from and to Cicero that survives from the five-year period after Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BCE and his assassination on the Ides of March 44 BCE demands attention as a special medium of political commentary, intervention, and reflection—as well as community-building. The chapter shows how in a commonwealth shattered by civil war and in the process of being transformed in an autocratic key through Caesar’s victory and dictatorship, the letter offers Cicero a medium for various forms of political activism: in and through his correspondence, he tries to come to terms with Caesar, stake out a position for himself in Caesar’s world, and mediate between the centre of power and high-profile Republicans still languishing in exile in various places across the Mediterranean. These efforts are all designed to sustain a community of peers committed to a Republican commonwealth.

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24

Foot, Rosemary. The State, Development, and Humanitarianism. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.50.

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This chapter outlines China’s major concerns during the various phases of R2P’s development and determines which of Beijing’s positions are most likely to influence its efforts to shape the future trajectory of R2P. First, it discusses R2P’s normative characteristics to demonstrate how these have facilitated the Chinese government’s ability to play a shaping role. Next, it illustrates China’s preferences in the definition and development of R2P, before explaining these preferences. The chapter’s main argument is that Beijing’s beliefs in the primacy of the state have led it to promote the notion that humanitarian outcomes and peaceful state–society relations are best realized through state-led economic development and especially through the building of a state’s infrastructural capacity. These beliefs are sufficiently strong to sustain an approach to R2P that will overwhelmingly focus attention on economic, longer-term forms of preventive action rather than on the building of human rights-related institutions.

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25

Moore, Ronald, ed. Natural Beauty. Broadview Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350928534.

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Natural Beauty was selected for the Choice Outstanding Academic Title list for 2008! Natural Beauty presents a bold new philosophical account of the principles involved in making aesthetic judgments about natural objects. It surveys historical and modern accounts of natural beauty and weaves elements derived from those accounts into a “syncretic theory” that centers on key features of aesthetic experience—specifically, features that sustain and reward attention. In this way, Moore’s theory sets itself apart from both the purely cognitive and the purely emotive approaches that have dominated natural aesthetics until now. Natural Beauty shows why aesthetic appreciation of works of art and aesthetic appreciation of nature can be mutually reinforcing; that is, how they are cooperative rather than rival enterprises. Moore also makes a compelling case for how and why the experience of natural beauty can contribute to the larger project of living a good life.

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26

Cohan, Steven. “The Gay Cowboy Movie”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0017.

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This chapter examines how the “gay cowboy movie” tag condensed the slippages in thinking required to sustain this dualism, which structured accounts of the reception to Brokeback Mountain (2005). Because the tag's indelible attachment to the film carried with it implications of mockery and scorn, the tag became the banner cry of those most offended by the film's supposed repudiation of John Wayne and the Marlboro Man. Likewise, the tag was indirectly referenced by assertions from the other side of the gender divide that, as a universal love story, Brokeback Mountain was much more than a gay movie. Nevertheless, the tag's omnipresence in the public discourse about Brokeback interrupted this dominant account of its reception by refocusing attention on the film's homoerotic specificity, which is, after all, what audiences were responding to in one way or another. It is in this context, that Brokeback Mountain worked most effectively as a “gay cowboy movie.”

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27

Javanbakht, Arash, and Gina R. Poe. Behavioral Neuroscience of Circuits Involved in Arousal Regulation. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0007.

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This chapter evaluates the evidence that hyper-reactive noradrenergic responses during trauma contribute to hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD, including disturbances in sleep. Some genetic vulnerability for PTSD involves the adrenergic system, and a hyperactive central noradrenergic system might serve to over-consolidate and sustain the affective component of fear memories. Reduced moderation of noradrenergic reactions during low hormone phases of the menstrual cycle could also lead to increased susceptibility to PTSD. This chapter considers a mechanism by which hyperactivity in the noradrenergic system during sleep would impair REM sleep theta and non-REM sleep spindles in the limbic system, both of which are implicated in the consolidation of new safety memories, thereby compromising extinction recall and setting into motion a positive feedback loop in PTSD pathophysiology, involving hyperarousal, failure to integrate contextual information, and biased attention to threat. If so, novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions inhibiting the noradrenergic system during sensitive periods in sleep should be considered.

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28

Eysenck, H. J., and Carl M. Stroh. Vigilance : the Problem of Sustained Attention: International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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29

Financial management: Serious deficiencies in state's financial systems require sustained attention : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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30

Financial management: Serious deficiencies in state's financial systems require sustained attention : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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31

Talvitie, Petri, and Juha-Matti Granqvist, eds. Civilians and Military Supply in Early Modern Finland. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-10.

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During the early modern centuries, gunpowder and artillery revolutionized warfare, and armies grew rapidly. To sustain their new military machines, the European rulers turned increasingly to their civilian subjects, making all levels of civil society serve the needs of the military. This volume examines civil-military interaction in the multinational Swedish Realm in 1550–1800, with a focus on its eastern part, present-day Finland, which was an important supply region and battlefield bordered by Russia. Sweden was one of the frontrunners of the Military Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries. The crown was eager to adapt European models, but its attempts to outsource military supply to civilians in a realm lacking people, capital, and resources were not always successful. This book aims at explaining how the army utilized civilians – burghers, peasants, entrepreneurs – to provision itself, and how the civil population managed to benefit from the cooperation. The chapters of the book illustrate the different ways in which Finnish civilians took part in supplying war efforts, e.g. how the army made deals with businessmen to finance its military campaigns and how town and country people were obliged to lodge and feed soldiers. The European armies’ dependence on civilian maintenance has received growing scholarly attention in recent years, and Civilians and Military Supply in Early Modern Finland brings a Nordic perspective to the debate.

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32

Richard, Nadine Marie. Functional neuroanatomy of sustained attention and exogenous alerting following naturalistic recovery from moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. 2005.

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33

Richard, Nadine Marie. Functional neuroanatomy of sustained attention and exogenous alerting following naturalistic recovery from moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. 2005.

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34

Rodin, Gary, and Sarah Hales. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190236427.001.0001.

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This text outlines the empirical research, theoretical underpinnings, and clinical application of a novel supportive-expressive psychotherapy for patients with metastatic cancer and their caregivers. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully, known by its acronym of CALM, provides a framework for therapists with diverse backgrounds and training to help patients and their caregivers to address the practical and profound challenges of advanced cancer and to live their lives as meaningfully as possible. CALM provides reflective space for them to consider treatment decisions and communication with their health care providers, disruptions in identity, attachment security and the sense of meaning in their life, and to address fears, hopes, and concerns related to the end of life. Particular attention is paid in CALM to the regulation of affect, to the renegotiation of attachment relationships and to helping patients and their caregivers to sustain “double awareness” of the possibilities for living, while also managing their disease and planning for the end of life. Such an approach not only helps to prevent depression and death anxiety, but also helps to reclaim the loss of the imaginative possibilities for living in the context of all-consuming cancer care. The universal dimensions of advanced cancer and the semi-structured nature of CALM permit it to be delivered in the language and cultural idiom of cancer treatment settings in virtually all parts of the world. This text provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date description of the evidence base for CALM, its theoretical foundations and a manualized guide to its clinical application, filled with rich clinical illustrations.

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35

Gazzaniga, Michael S., ed. The Cognitive Neurosciences. 4th ed. The MIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8029.001.0001.

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The fourth edition of the work that defines the field of cognitive neuroscience, offering completely new material. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. The material in this edition is entirely new, with all chapters written specifically for it. Since the publication of the third edition, the field of cognitive neuroscience has made rapid and dramatic advances; fundamental stances are changing and new ideas are emerging. This edition reflects the vibrancy of the field, with research in development and evolution that finds a dynamic growth pattern becoming specific and fixed, and research in plasticity that sees the neuronal systems always changing; exciting new empirical evidence on attention that also verifies many central tenets of longstanding theories; work that shows the boundaries of the motor system pushed further into cognition; memory research that, paradoxically, provides insight into how humans imagine future events; pioneering theoretical and methodological work in vision; new findings on how genes and experience shape the language faculty; new ideas about how the emotional brain develops and operates; and research on consciousness that ranges from a novel mechanism for how the brain generates the baseline activity necessary to sustain conscious experience to a bold theoretical attempt to make the problem of qualia more tractable.

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36

Wray, Alison. The Dynamics of Dementia Communication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917807.001.0001.

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Despite a plethora of good advice, it can be hard to sustain effective communicative behaviours when someone is living with a dementia. This book asks why that is. Part 1 explores how various dementia-causing diseases affect the linguistic, pragmatic (reasoning), and memory systems; how social perceptions and practices exacerbate the underlying biological problems; how people living with a dementia describe their experiences; and how dementia care currently addresses the challenges of communication. Part 2 asks why people communicate and what shapes how they communicate. The Communicative Impact model of communication is introduced and theoretically justified. It is argued that all communication is driven by people’s desire to make beneficial changes to their experiential world by getting the hearer to do, say, think, or feel something. Part 3 applies the model from part 2 to the range of considerations explored in part 1, helping readers see how and why communication is undermined and reshaped by the various biological, social, and emotional factors underlying the dementia experience. The model is used to shed light on how people living with a dementia are perceived and, as a result, treated, with particular attention to the acceptability of (well-intentioned) deception. The final chapter asks what needs to change if communication and well-being are to be optimized for people living with a dementia. In pursuit of truly person- and relationship-centred care, proposals for advanced skills in communication with a person living with a dementia are presented and explained, helping anchor the ubiquitous dos and don’ts in a deeper understanding of why interaction is difficult.

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37

Patton-Imani, Sandra. Queering Family Trees. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479865567.001.0001.

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Queering Family Trees explores the lived experience of family-making among queer mothers in the United States between 1991 and 2015. While the legalization of same-sex marriage and adoption has provided avenues toward equality for some couples, structural and economic barriers have meant that others—especially queer women of color who often have fewer financial resources—are not, in practice, able to avail themselves of supports necessary to create and sustain their families. This interdisciplinary ethnographic research draws on interviews with Indigenous, African American, Latina, Asian American, and white queer mothers living in a range of US states, considered in relation to news media, public law, and policy debates. I apply a reproductive justice analysis, critically exploring the ways intersections of race, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation shape the experiences of families navigating social and legal contexts that define queer families as “illegitimate.” I explore these debates in relation to policy changes in adoption, welfare, and immigration, making evident how same-sex marriage furthers a neoliberal economic agenda. Little mainstream or scholarly attention has been given to the lives and families of lesbians of color. Indeed, the erasure of queers of color from these debates was crucial to maintaining a narrative equating marriage with equality. The family-making narratives of these mothers challenge the assimilation versus resistance framework that has shaped understandings of LGBTQ marriage debates. I argue that, contrary to public narratives celebrating equality through marriage, the federal legalization of same-sex marriage reinforces existing structures of inequality grounded in race, gender, sexuality, and class.

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38

Bach, Stephen, and Ian Kessler. HRM and the New Public Management. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0023.

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As human resource management (HRM) has developed as a field of study, the attention paid to public sector employment relations has been relatively limited. The preoccupation with the link between HR practice and corporate performance has been less applicable to public service organizations that are answerable to a range of stakeholders and in which HR policy has been geared to ensuring political accountability. There has been a recognition that the public sector confronts fiscal and political pressures that are altering HR practice. However, this observation has rarely been backed up by a sustained focus on people management in the public sector. This limited attention arises from characteristics of the sector. Defining the public sector is not straightforward because there are differences between countries in terms of the size, scope, and role of the sector.

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39

Wingfield, Nancy M. Clandestine Prostitutes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801658.003.0005.

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Clandestine prostitutes, who constituted the greatest number of prostitutes in large cities, were also part of the social fabric in less urban areas, where they sometimes caused insufficient nuisance to warrant sustained police attention. The term “clandestine,” which Austrian vice police, reformers, and other commentators used as if it were self-evident, was broadly employed. In addition to women who regularly walked the streets, the term encompassed women who occasionally or temporarily engaged in commercial sex to augment their low-paid employment, did not necessarily consider themselves prostitutes, and did not want to attract police attention. They were part of a wider working-class community, into which they disappeared when not engaged in clandestine prostitution. The relative ease with which these women could move in and out of social identities helps explain why few of them were willing to register with vice police and be stigmatized as a prostitutes.

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40

Bryant, Richard A. PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0004.

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One of the more hotly debated issues in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the role of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and particularly mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This topic became increasingly the focus of attention in the context of recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where many troops suffered PTSD and mTBIs. Over three-quarters of injuries sustained in these conflicts arose from encounters with explosive devices, and accordingly it was often claimed that the “signature injuries” of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were both PTSD and mTBI. Clinicians and researchers have thus given renewed attention to the interplay of these two conditions. This chapter reviews definitional issues of PTSD and mTBI, how PTSD can develop after mTBI, the impact mTBI may have on stress responses, the distinctive role of postconcussive syndrome, and how to manage PTSD following mTBI.

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Lammers, Gert Jan. Narcolepsy with cataplexy. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0014.

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Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by disturbed cerebral hypocretin (also called orexin) transmission. It results in impaired physiological boundaries of wake and sleep stages and their specific components, leading to clinical symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), impaired sustained attention, disturbed nocturnal sleep, cataplexy, and hypnagogic hallucinations. This chapter discusses the consequences for daily life of the disorder, the diagnostic challenges, particularly the interpretation of the results of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the presumed cause and pathophysiology, the frequent comorbidities such as obesity, and practical guidelines for optimal nonpharmacological as well as pharmacological treatment.

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Lysaker, John T. Brian Eno's Ambient 1: Music for Airports. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497293.001.0001.

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This study situates Eno’s ambient masterpiece, Music For Airports, within various avant-garde trends in order to underscore its multiple dimensions. In the manner of Satie, it aims to tint living situations without demanding that listeners give the album their full attention. In the manner of Cage, and with La Monte Young’s feel for the textures of individual tones, it arranges the activity of sounds outside traditional Euro-American musical conventions, and in a manner that can spark a kind of thoughtful reverie, thus bringing art into vital, possibly transformative contact with everyday life. Finally, like some of Steve Reich’s works, Music for Airports functions as a piece of conceptual art, facilitating sustained reflections on creativity, listening, and the overall ecology of human activity and meaning, including its technological variability. Because the album has these three distinct dimensions, it requires “prismatic listening,” which switches between distinct modes of attention in the knowledge that these dimensions cannot be heard simultaneously.

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Kvanvig, Jonathan L. Dewey, Epistemic Fetishism, and Classical Theism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809487.003.0004.

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John Dewey’s discussion of faith deserves more attention than it has received in the dominant kind of academic philosophy in Europe, Australia, and North America in recent history. In the present context, the motivation for looking carefully at what he says about faith is that it is a sustained attempt to develop a functional account of faith, though decidedly hostile to religious expressions of such faith. The goal of this chapter is to clarify the useful conception of faith to which he points, and argue that the hostility toward religious faith is unsustainable in light of the arguments for the value of the kind of faith he identifies.

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observer, Attentive. An Appeal to a Humane Public for the Poorer Millers and Bakers, Respecting the High Price of Bread; and the Injury Sustained by Them Erom [sic] the ... & Bread Company. ... By an Attentive Observer. Gale Ecco, Print Editions, 2018.

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Reny, Marie-Eve. Everyday Forms of Containment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0005.

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This chapter empirically accounts for how house church leaders have complied with explicitly and implicitly transmitted rules set by local authorities containing them. They have kept a low profile by avoiding criticizing the government during sermons, refrained from attracting public attention to their activities, and in some cases, limited the size of their congregations. House church leaders have also opened up to local authorities and shared information about their activities when needed. Beyond such compliance, the authorities have sustained containment by sending house church leaders warnings when they anticipate they might be crossing red lines. Yet religious leaders have themselves accumulated information about local public security bureaus, which has facilitated the pursuit of their interests.

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Kramer, Matthew H. Edificatory Perfectionism and the Quality of Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777960.003.0005.

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After the preceding three chapters have taken up the cudgels against liberal neutralism, Chapter 5 begins to subject edificatory perfectionism to critical scrutiny. More specifically, it oppugns the understandings of freedom to which some of the proponents of edificatory perfectionism have adhered. Because of the inadequacies in their conceptions of freedom, these theorists have overlooked many of the freedom-constricting effects of the policies which they recommend. Their unattunedness to those effects is an element in the sinisterly illiberal undertone of edificatory perfectionism. Though the writings of Peter de Marneffe and Joseph Raz will undergo particularly sustained scrutiny in this chapter, the writings of some other edificatory perfectionists such as Steven Wall will likewise receive some wary attention.

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Ferriss, Suzanne. Working Girls. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039577.003.0010.

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This chapter argues that chick lit offers an inherent critique of women's economic precarity. Chick-lit novels have been criticized for glamorizing consumption and irresponsibly promoting unchecked consumerism in the young women presumed to be their audience. Certainly chick lit, like all popular media, is inextricably entangled in the capitalist system—an inevitable consequence, it could be argued, of postmodern culture itself. But critics have taken its references to brand-name goods and status as an endorsement of global capitalism. Sustained, critical attention to the texts, however, suggests otherwise. Far from sanctioning aspirational spending or endorsing economic empowerment, prominent chick-lit examples dramatize the precarious economic and social position of young, college-educated, British and American women (of various classes and ethnicities) under late capitalism.

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Gilbert, Jane, Simon Gaunt, and William Burgwinkle. Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832454.001.0001.

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The field of medieval francophone literary culture outside France was for many years a minor and peripheral sub-field of medieval French literary studies (or, in the case of Anglo-Norman, of English studies). The past two decades, however, have seen a major reassessment of the use of French in England, in the Low Countries, in Italy, and in the eastern Mediterranean, and this impacts significantly upon the history of literature in French more generally. This book is the first to look at the question overall, rather than just at one region. It also takes a more sustained theorized approach than other studies, drawing particularly on Derrida and on Actor-Network Theory. It discusses a wide range of texts, some of which have hitherto been regarded as marginal to French literary history, and makes the case for this material being more central to the literary history of French than was allowed in more traditional approaches, focused narrowly on ‘France’. Many of the arguments in Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad are grounded in readings of texts in manuscript (rather than in modern critical editions), and sustained attention is paid throughout to manuscripts that were produced or travelled outside the kingdom of France.

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Moran, Richard. Artifice and Persuasion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633776.003.0003.

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Aristotle is the first philosopher to give sustained attention to metaphor, and this paper is a close reading of the discussion of metaphor his Rhetoric. Aristotle’s remarks on metaphor combine a traditional philosophical mistrust of metaphor and an appreciation of its indispensability in the context of public argument and persuasion. The discussion concentrates on two related questions. First, in the context of persuasion, how should we understand Aristotle’s insistence that successful metaphor achieves its effect in part by “setting something before the eyes” of its audience? And second, why is it thought important to the persuasive effect of a good metaphor that its artfulness or artifice be concealed from its audience? The paper seeks to understand together the role of the imagistic in thinking about metaphor and the idea of “the art that conceals art.”

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Mackenzie, Catriona. Moral Responsibility and the Social Dynamics of Power and Oppression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that moral responsibility theorists who take seriously the social scaffolding of agency and the interpersonal dynamics at the heart of our practices need to pay more sustained attention to the effects of social power and oppression. David Shoemaker’s tripartite distinction between attributability, answerability, and accountability is used to develop this argument. The aim of Shoemaker’s distinction is to explicate how impairments of capacity with respect to one or more of these dimensions affect agents’ eligibility for moral responsibility ascriptions. In this chapter the tripartite distinction is used to tease out the various ways that moral responsibility ascriptions and practices are entangled with social dynamics of power, thereby affecting persons’ statuses as morally responsible agents. The chapter concludes by considering the implications of the argument for Strawsonian theories and justifications.

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