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Journal articles on the topic 'Suspensions'
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1
Savić, Vesna, Milica Martinović, Ivana Nešić, Jelena Živković, and Ivana Gajić. "Influence of additives on suspension structure." Advanced Technologies 10, no. 1 (2021): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh2101037s.
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The aim of this study was to compare the stability and texture of three zinc oxide suspensions with different additives. Suspension 1 was made as official magistral formulation Suspensio album 7.5% from Formulae magistrales 2008. Suspension 2 was prepared when 1% carbomer gel was added to suspension 1 and suspension 3 was prepared when polysorbate 20 was added to suspension 2. After stability tests, texture analysis was performed on all suspensions. Following parameters were measured: hardness cycle 1, hardness cycle 2, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, resilience and springiness. The study showed that suspension 3 had the lowest value of hardness, and therefore the best spreadability. Also, suspension 3 was the least sticky of all three, since it was characterized with the lowest adhesiveness. Further, suspension 3 was the most cohesive and is predicted to withstand the stress during packing and use longer than others. On the other hand, the highest values of resilience and springiness were detected for suspension 1, while the lowest was related to suspension 2. Therefore, the best textural characteristics were assigned to suspension 3. This result is in accordance with the results of performed stability tests. The results of our study offer insight into potential improvements of the current magistral formulation Suspensio album 7.5%.
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Dodange, Setare, Reza Riahifar, Babak Raissi, Maziar S. Yaghmaee, and Amir Alhaji. "Heterocoagulation simulation of nano alumina and silica particle dispersion using discrete element method." International Journal of Materials Research 113, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8123.
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Abstract Heterocoagulation in alumina–silica suspension is studied using 2-dimensional discrete element method simulations. Controlling the structure and stability of the binary suspensions via selecting the appropriate size of precursors is crucial in ceramics processing. Alumina and silica particles with a broad range of sizes and size ratios are investigated. The size and the size ratio determine the degree of heterocoagulation and impact the suspension’s structure. Analyzing simulation results shows that when the sizes of silica and alumina particles are comparable, and the radii of particles are below 300 nm, a chain-like structure is formed. In suspensions with high size asymmetry, smaller silica particles surround larger alumina particles, and the degree of heterocoagulation is dependent on the composition of the suspension. The results show that suspension composition can also be used to tune the heterocoagulation structure.
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Sahu, Yogesh, Arvind Singh Jadon, Prateek Jain, Bhupendra Singh Thakur, Basant Khare, and Anushree Jain. "An Overview on Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Suspensions." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v7i1.54.
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The suspension is a biphasic liquid or semi-solid dosage form where the finely divided insoluble solid drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid medium. The solid drug particles act here as the dispersed phase and the liquid or the semi-solid as the dispersion medium. The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0.5 µm. However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing of hydrophobic drugs; avoidance of the use of cosolvents; masking of unpleasant taste of certain ingredients; offering resistance to degradation of drugs due to hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial activity; easy swallowing for young or elderly patients; and efficient intramuscular depot therapy. In addition, when compared to solution dosage forms, relatively higher concentration of drugs can be incorporated into suspension products. The present review provides an overview of various aspects of suspensions such as classification of suspensions, theories of suspensions, various suspending agents, formulations aspects of suspensions, stability of suspensions and recent research work that is being carried on suspensions. Keywords: Suspensions, suspending agents, flocculated, Stability.
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Borojeni, Iman Azarian, Babak Raissi, Amir Maghsoudipour, Mahmood Kazemzad, and Ehsan Marzbanrad. "Aging Behavior of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) in Non Aqueous Suspensions for Electrophoretic Deposition Application." Key Engineering Materials 412 (June 2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.412.279.
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In this research aging behaviors of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in non aqueous suspensions, namely ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, acetylacetone and the mixture of ethanol-acetylacetone were investigated. For this purpose, electrical conductivity, electrophoretic mobility and suspension stability during aging time (6 to 7 days) were evaluated. Except for the ethanol-acetyl acetone mixture, each suspension contained 0 to 0.8 g/L iodine. It was revealed that, the alcoholic suspensions indicated lower conductivity in comparison with acetylacetone suspensions. However, acetylacetone suspension showed lower conductivity variation with time. Although iodine could improve the electrophoretic mobility of ethanol and acetylacetone suspensions, it had little effect on electrophoretic mobility of isopropanol and n-propanol suspensions. Also, it was indicated that iodine as a dispersant was not helpful for alcoholic suspensions stability. It was concluded that the mixture of acetylacetone-ethanol suspension was the best candidate in this study for electrophoretic deposition of YSZ, owing to its little behavior variation with the aging time, low conductivity and high electrophoretic mobility. High quality crack-free layers were electrophoretically deposited from this suspension on the substrate by applying 50 V/cm electrical field.
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Lacoe, Johanna, and Matthew P. Steinberg. "Do Suspensions Affect Student Outcomes?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 41, no. 1 (August 17, 2018): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373718794897.
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Discipline reformers claim that suspensions negatively affect suspended students, while others suggest reforms have unintended consequences for peers. Using student panel data from the School District of Philadelphia, we implement student fixed effects and instrumental variable (IV) strategies to examine the consequences of suspensions for offending students and their peers. A suspension decreases math and reading achievement for suspended students. The effects are robust to IV estimates leveraging a district-wide policy change in suspension use. Suspensions are more salient for students who personally experience suspension than for their peers. Exposure to suspensions for more serious misconduct has very small, negative spillovers onto peer achievement, but does not change peer absences.
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Peng, Yucheng, and Brian Via. "The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension Treatment on Suspension Viscosity and Casted Film Property." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132168.
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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted significant interest in different industrial sectors. Many applications have been developed and more are being explored. Pre-treatment of the suspension plays a critical role for different applications. In this study, different pre-treatment methods, including homogenization, ultrasonication, and mixing with a magnetic stirrer were applied to a CNC suspension. After treatment, the rheological behaviors of the treated CNC suspensions were characterized using a rotational viscometer. The treated suspensions were then used to cast films for characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). All the CNC suspensions demonstrated a shear thinning phenomena. Homogenization or ultrasonication significantly decreased the suspension viscosity compared with the suspension mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The viscosity of CNC suspension changed with time after treatment and settlement of treated CNC suspensions in room conditions increased the viscosity dramatically with time. Different UV and visible light interferences were observed for the CNC films generated from suspensions treated by different methods. The degree of crystallinity of the CNC films evaluated by FT-NIR showed that the film from suspension treated by homogenization and ultrasonication has the highest degree of crystallinity. Pre-treatments of CNC suspension affected the suspension viscosities and formed film properties.
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Lee, Seungjun, Jaehoo Lee, and Nongmoon Hwang. "Effect of the Dispersion State in Y5O4F7 Suspension on YOF Coating Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070831.
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The stable Y5O4F7 suspension for dense yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF) coating by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) was developed. Electrostatically and electrosterically stabilized aqueous Y5O4F7 suspensions were prepared and compared with a commercially available Y5O4F7 suspension without dispersant. The wettability and dispersibility of the Y5O4F7 suspensions were evaluated in terms of the zeta potential, average particle size, and size distribution with electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The viscosity was measured and the sedimentation was tested to examine the fluidity and stability of the Y5O4F7 suspensions. When electrostatic (BYK-154) and electrosteric (BYK-199) dispersants were added to the Y5O4F7 suspension, the isoelectric point (IEP) of Y5O4F7 particles in the suspension shifted to lower pH. The zeta potential of both of electrostatically and electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspensions were higher than ±40 mV at pH of 8.6, respectively, which were much higher than of the Y5O4F7 suspension without dispersant. Meanwhile, the average particle size of the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension was much smaller than that of the electrostatically stabilized one. The electrosteric stabilization had a great effect on improving the wettability and dispersibility of the Y5O4F7 suspension. The coating rate of the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension was the highest among the three tested suspensions. In addition, the YOF coating deposited with the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension had the highest hardness and the lowest porosity.
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Ghanaatpishehsanaei, Ghazaleh, and Rajinder Pal. "Rheology of Suspensions of Solid Particles in Liquids Thickened by Starch Nanoparticles." Colloids and Interfaces 7, no. 3 (July 24, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids7030052.
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The rheology of suspensions of solid particles in aqueous matrix liquids thickened by starch nanoparticles (SNP) was investigated. The SNP concentration varied from 9.89 to 34.60 wt% based on the aqueous matrix phase. The solids concentration of suspensions varied from 0 to 47 wt% (0 to 56 vol%). The suspensions at any given SNP concentration were generally Newtonian at low solids concentrations. At high solids concentrations, the suspensions were non-Newtonian shear-thinning. With the increase in the SNP concentration, the suspensions become non-Newtonian at a lower solids concentration. The rheological behavior of non-Newtonian suspensions could be described adequately with a power-law model. The consistency index of the suspension increased with the increase in solids concentration of the suspension at any given SNP concentration. The flow behavior index of suspensions was well below unity at high solids concentrations, indicating non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior. The value of the flow behavior index decreased with the increase in solids concentration indicating an enhancement of shear-thinning in suspensions. The experimental viscosity and consistency data for Newtonian and non-Newtonian suspensions showed good agreement with the predictions of the Pal viscosity model for suspensions.
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Tarasi, Fariba, Elnaz Alebrahim, Ali Dolatabadi, and Christian Moreau. "A Comparative Study of YSZ Suspensions and Coatings." Coatings 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030188.
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The demand for suspensions that are used in thermal spray processes is expanding from research labs using the lab-prepared suspensions toward actual coating production in different industrial sectors. Industrial applications dictate the reduced production time and effort, which may in turn justify the development of the market for ready-to-use commercial suspensions. To this end, some of the powder suppliers have already taken steps forward by introducing, to the market, suspensions of some of the most used materials, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), alumina, and titania. However, there is a need to compare the suspension characteristics over time and the resultant coatings when using these suspensions when compared with the freshly prepared homemade suspensions. In this work, such a comparison is done using YSZ suspensions of the sub-micron to a few micron powders. In addition, some changes in the suspensions’ formula were performed as a tool to vary the coatings’ microstructures in a more predictable way, without any variation of the spray parameters. The coatings were generated while using both radial and axial injection of the suspensions into Oerlikon-Metco 3MB and Mettech Axial III plasma spray torches, respectively. A clear effect of suspension viscosity on the coating microstructure was observed using the 3MB torch with a radial injection of suspension (i.e., cross flow atomization). However, the viscosity role was not dominant when using the Axial III torch with an axial feed injection system (i.e., coaxial flow atomization).
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Nurdin, Irwan, Idris Yaacob Iskandar, M. Rafie Johan, and Bee Chin Ang. "Characterization and Stability Monitoring of Maghemite Nanoparticle Suspensions." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.398.
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Maghemite nanoparticle suspensions were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by a variety of techniques including XRD, TEM, magnetic measurement, DLS, and zeta potential. The stability of the suspension was monitored by measuring the particle size distribution using DLS over a period of two months. The diffraction pattern from XRD measurement confirmed that the particles were maghemite with an average crystallite size of 9.4 nm. TEM observations and analyses showed that the geometry of maghemite nanoparticles were nearly spherical with a mean physical diameter of 9.9 nm. The maghemite nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization value of 32.20 emu/g. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the suspension remained unchanged after two months which indicated no formation of aggregation. The hydrodynamic diameters recorded were 45.1 nm and 48.4 nm, respectively. Additionally, lack of sedimentation indicated that the suspension was stable. The suspension’s zeta potential values were 41.5 mV and 40.4 mV for as synthesized and after two month of storage respectively.
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Peng, Zhiwei, and John F. Brady. "Forced microrheology of active colloids." Journal of Rheology 66, no. 5 (September 2022): 955–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000504.
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Particle-tracking microrheology of dilute active (self-propelled) colloidal suspensions is studied by considering the external force required to maintain the steady motion of an immersed constant-velocity colloidal probe. If the probe speed is zero, the suspension microstructure is isotropic but exhibits a boundary accumulation of active bath particles at contact due to their self-propulsion. As the probe moves through the suspension, the microstructure is distorted from the nonequilibrium isotropic state, which allows us to define a microviscosity for the suspension using the Stokes drag law. For a slow probe, we show that active suspensions exhibit a swim-thinning behavior in which their microviscosity is gradually lowered from that of passive suspensions as the swim speed increases. When the probe speed is fast, the suspension activity is obscured by the rapid advection of the probe and the measured microviscosity is indistinguishable from that of passive suspensions. Generally for finite activity, the suspension exhibits a velocity-thinning behavior—though with a zero-velocity plateau lower than passive suspensions—as a function of the probe speed. These behaviors originate from the interplay between the suspension activity and the hard-sphere excluded-volume interaction between the probe and a bath particle.
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Huang, Chen, Kunyan Lv, Qing Xu, and Yifan Dai. "Research on the Multimode Switching Control of Intelligent Suspension Based on Binocular Distance Recognition." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 12 (December 7, 2023): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14120340.
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As the upgrade of people’s requirements for automotive driving comfort, conventional passive suspensions for cars have fallen short of existing demands due to their nonadjustable damping and stiffness, so semiactive suspensions and active suspensions have gained growing acceptance. Compared with active suspensions, semiactive suspensions offer the advantages of a low manufacturing cost and reliable structure, and thus have become the preferred choice for most vehicles. To optimize the control effect of semiactive suspensions under different working conditions, this paper completed the modeling of magnetorheological semiactive suspension system dynamics and road inputs; then, the design of binocular camera sensing algorithms was performed to obtain the real-time distance of the target using the point cloud ranging function, and the parameters required for suspension control were also obtained. This was followed by the completion of the control-mode-switching rules and the design of the suspension controller. According to the different control objectives, the mode could be divided into the obstacle-road mode, straight-road mode, and curved-road mode. The suspension controller included the BP-PID (neural network PID controller) controller and the force distributor. Finally, the effectiveness of the mode-switching rules and the control method was verified through system simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop test.
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Mantry, Shubhrajit, Shubham Shinde, Sahil Shaikh, Sumit Joshi, and Ganesh Dama. "Emerging Implementation of Nano-Suspension Technology for Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drug for the Treatment of Helminths Disease." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 06 (2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.14607.
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Anthelmintics are medications that are used to treat parasitic worm infections. This comprises flat worms like flukes and tapeworms as well as round worms like nematodes. They are critical for human tropical medicine. Nano-suspensions are one of the many applications of nanotechnology. Nano-suspensions are liquid formulations that feature submicron colloidal dispersion of pharmaceutical active component particles stabilised by surfactants. Nano-suspension technology is a novel and cost-effective method for improving the bioavailability of hydrophobic medicines, particularly those that are poorly soluble in aqueous solutions. Nano-suspensions play a significant role in the development of new medication formulations. High pressure homogenizers, emulsion solvent evaporation, melt emulsification technique, and nanoprecipitation are all used to make nano-suspensions. Particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug dissolution were all examined for the nano-suspensions. Poorly soluble drugs can benefit from nano-suspension technology to improve their stability and bioavailability. The bioavailability of nano-suspension was also tested in mice, which showed that the particle size distribution of nano-suspension was considerably affected by bioavailability. The rate of anthelmintic nano-suspension dissolution was substantially higher than that of raw drug powder. In vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of nano-suspension indicated a substantial increase in Cmax and AUC(0-t) when compared to pure drug. When compared to pure drug bioavailability, anthelmintic nano-suspension had a greater oral bioavailability.
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Samchenko, Svetlana, Irina Kozlova, Оlga Zemskova, and Ekaterina Baskakova. "Influence of optimal conditions of ultrasonic dispersion on the stability of suspensions of finely ground slags." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926501017.
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The preparation in the jet mill of finely ground slag (FGS) from the waste of metallurgical production granulated blast-furnace slag, the obtaining of slag suspensions, and the behavior of FGS particles in an aqueous dispersion medium are considered in the paper. It was found that FGS particles in the suspension form micelles of two types with negative (micelle 1) and positive (micelle 2) charges of FGS surface. To increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS particles in suspensions, studies were carried out using ultrasonic dispersion. The results of investigations on the detection of optimal dispersion parameters for slag suspensions are presented. It was found that in the absence of temperature control, the process of coagulation of slag particles is accelerated and aggregative and sedimentation stability of suspensions of FGS is reduced. The slag particles in the suspension form aggregates that lead to a deterioration of the strength characteristics of the cement stone using suspensions of FGS. Optimal parameters of ultrasonic dispersion of slag suspensions are established: the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is equal to 44 kHz; the dispersion temperature is 25 ± 2 °C; the dispersion time is 15 min. It was found that the application of ultrasonic dispersion to slag suspensions with the observance of dispersion conditions can increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS suspension by 2-3 times in comparison with the mechanical mixing of suspensions. The strength of samples with suspensions of FGS prepared using UST under the recommended dispersing conditions increased by 19 to 39% in the first day; for 28 days of hardening - by 19 - 36%, which allows using slag suspensions in the production of cement composite materials and concretes based on them.
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Dastbaz, Zahra, Shabnam Nargesi Dana, and Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh. "Preparation of a stabilized aqueous polystyrene suspension via phase inversion." RSC Advances 11, no. 29 (2021): 17547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02292j.
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Tran, Jennie, Melissa A. Gervase, Jason Evans, Rebecca Deville, and Xiaowei Dong. "The stability of quetiapine oral suspension compounded from commercially available tablets." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): e0255963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255963.
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Quetiapine fumarate (QF) is an atypical antipsychotic used off-label for the treatment of delirium in critically-ill infants and children. For the treatment of pediatric populations or patient populations with trouble swallowing tablets, an oral suspension would be an ideal dosage formulation. However, there are no liquid formulations of QF commercially available. Therefore, a compounded oral suspension prepared from the commercial QF tablets is widely used in clinical settings. The extemporaneous preparation of QF compounded oral suspension changes the formulation from a solid form to a liquid form. Thus, the stability of QF compounded oral suspension should be critically evaluated to guide pharmacists for administration and storage of QF compounded oral suspensions. However, the stability of the nonaqueous oral QF suspension was not measured. The objective of this study was to develop QF compounded oral suspensions at 10 mg/mL by using commercial QF tablets in two readily available aqueous vehicles (Ora-Sweet and Ora-Blend) and measure their stability at both room temperature and under refrigeration. Physical stability of the QF compounded suspensions were evaluated by appearance and odor. Chemical stability of the QF compounded suspensions were evaluated based on pH, degradation, drug content and the amount of the drug dissolved in the vehicles. An HPLC method was validated and used to evaluate QF compounded suspensions over 60 days. In addition to the total drug in the suspensions, the dissolved drug in the vehicles was also measured during the stability testing and evaluated as a stability parameter. Overall, QF suspension prepared in Ora-Blend was preferable, demonstrating a superior 60-day stability at both room temperature and refrigerated storage.
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Abdullah, Mohd Azman, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Muhammad Afiq Mohamad, Rahiman Salmi Rosdi, and Mohd Noor Ikhwan Ramlan. "Energy Harvesting and Regeneration from the Vibration of Suspension System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.800.
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Two conceptual designs of energy regenerative suspension have been developed using commercial computer aided design (CAD) software. The designs are based on the available conventional suspension. They consist of basic magnet and coil for electrical energy regeneration and additional components for magnet support and coil winding circular holder. The selection of the design is based on weighted matrix which consists of reliability, cost, time consumption and weight. The score of the matrix is formulated based on relative weighted factor among the selections. All designs are fabricated using selected and available materials. The actual cost, time consumption and weight of the suspensions are compared with the theoretical weighted scores. Standard processes of cuttings, fittings and welding are performed in fabrication. Suitable magnet design is attached on the suspensions. The other moving part of the suspensions is attached by coil and coil holder. The suspensions are tested with various strokes and frequencies for feasibility studies and energy regeneration capability using suspension test rig. The evaluation of the suspensions is performed based on actual experimental results of voltage and power regenerated.
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Yang, Lin, Jun Wei Zhang, and Si Zhong Chen. "Research on Hydro-Pneumatic Balanced Suspension of Multi-Spindled Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.855.
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A hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is proposed based on the structural features of general hydro-pneumatic suspension and balanced suspension. Two types of suspensions mathematics models are built and differential equations of motion are derived with Lagrange-Equation. Performance of the two suspensions is simulated with the software of MATLAB. The results show that ride performance of vehicles is improved using hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension. Therefore, hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is more suitable for multi-spindled vehicles.
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Mohd Riduan, Aizuddin Fahmi, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Ajat Sudrajat, and Fauzi Ahmad. "Review on active suspension system." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902008.
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For the past decade, active suspension systems had made up most of research area concerning vehicle dynamics. For this review, recent studies on automobile active suspensions systems were examined. Several vehicular suspension types were also described to compare amongst them. From published investigations by previous researchers, various automotive suspensions in terms of cost, weight, structure, reliability, ride comfortability, dynamic and handling performance were exhibited and compared. After careful examination, it was concluded that electromagnetic active suspensions should be the general direction of vehicle suspension designs due to its energy regeneration, high bandwidth, simpler structure, flexible and accurate force control, better handling performance as well as drive characteristics.
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Wang, Tie Chao, Jin Long Yang, Li Guo Ma, and Yong Huang. "Rheological Behaviors of Alumina Aqueous Suspensions." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1039.
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Rheological behaviors of alumina aqueous suspension were investigated, and some methods to modify the rheological behaviors of the suspensions were studied. It was found that there is a critical solid volume fraction for alumina aqueous suspensions. When the volume fraction reaches or exceeds the critical value the suspensions show shear thinning behaviors all along, while above which the rheological behaviors of alumina suspensions change from shear thinning to shear thickening.
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Predoi, Daniela, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Mihai Valentin Predoi, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Nicolas Buton, and Christelle Megier. "Obtaining and Characterizing Thin Layers of Magnesium Doped Hydroxyapatite by Dip Coating Procedure." Coatings 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060510.
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A simple dip coating procedure was used to prepare the magnesium doped hydroxyapatite coatings. An adapted co-precipitation method was used in order to obtain a Ca25−xMgx(PO4)6(OH)2, 25MgHAp (xMg = 0.25) suspension for preparing the coatings. The stabilities of 25MgHAp suspensions were evaluated using ultrasound measurements, zeta potential (ZP), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) information at nanometric resolution regarding the shape and distribution of the 25MgHAp particles in suspension was obtained. The surfaces of obtained layers were evaluated using SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The antimicrobial evaluation of 25MgHAp suspensions and coatings on various bacterial strains and fungus were realized. The present study presents important results regarding the physico-chemical and antimicrobial studies of the magnesium doped hydroxyapatite suspensions, as well as the coatings. The studies have shown that magnesium doped hydroxyapatite suspensions prepared with xMg = 0.25 presented a good stability and relevant antimicrobial properties. The coatings made using 25MgHAp suspension were homogeneous and showed remarkable antimicrobial properties. Also, it was observed that the layer realized has antimicrobial properties very close to those of the suspension. Both samples of the 25MgHAp suspensions and coatings have very good biocompatible properties.
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Choi, Ung-su, Byeng-gil Ahn, and Oh-kwan Kwon. "ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CHITOSAN DERIVATIVE SUSPENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005556.
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The electrorheological (ER) behavior of chitosan and chitosan phosphate suspensions in silicone oil was investigated. Chitosan and chitosan phosphate suspensions showed a typical ER response (Bingham flow behavior) upon application of an electric field. However, chitosan phosphate suspension exhibited excellent shear yield stress compared with chitosan suspension. The difference in behavior results from the difference in the conductivity of the chitosan and chitosan phosphate particles due to their degree of the polarizability. The shear stress for chitosan and chitosan phosphate suspensions showed a linear dependence on the volume fraction of particles. The values of structure factor, A s obtained 1 and 3~4 for chitosan and chitosan phosphate suspensions and it may be due to the formation of single-row chains and multiple chains upon application of the electric field. Throughtout the experimental results, chitosan and chitosan phosphate suspensions were shown to be an ER fluid.
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TAO, R. "THE PHYSICAL MECHANISM TO REDUCE VISCOSITY OF LIQUID SUSPENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 28n29 (November 10, 2007): 4767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207045645.
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Reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions is vital in science and engineering. This paper explores the physical mechanism for the viscosity reduction method in liquid suspension by pulsed electric or magnetic field. The key is that the maximum volume fraction to be available for the suspended particles in the suspension increases with the particle size and the polydispersity in the particle size distribution. Positive experimental results with various liquid suspensions indicate that this method, developed from the basic mechanism of viscosity, is universal and powerful for all liquid suspensions with broad applications.
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Bogdevičius, Marijonas, and Raimundas Junevičius. "DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE RETROFITED REAR SUSPENSION OF THE VEHICLE." TRANSPORT 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2004): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637985.
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The main aim of the investigation is to design rear suspension and to improve the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Three types of rear suspensions that consist of a leaf spring, a hydraulic and a pneumatic damper, an air spring are designed. The dynamic models of the quarter car with these rear suspensions are presented. Random disturbance of particular road surface is played back by using a spectral density and Monte Carlo method. Natural frequencies of rear suspension are presented. The dependence of standard deviations of the first, the second and the third derivates of particular random displacements on the vehicle speed is obtained. Dynamic characteristics of three rear suspensions are compared and the best rear suspension is determined.
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Mittleman, Joel. "A Downward Spiral? Childhood Suspension and the Path to Juvenile Arrest." Sociology of Education 91, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040718784603.
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There is growing concern that suspensions trigger a ‘‘downward spiral,’’ redirecting children’s trajectories away from school success and toward police contact. The current study tests this possibility, analyzing whether and in what ways childhood suspensions increase children’s risk for juvenile arrests. Combining 15 years of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study with contextual information on neighborhoods and schools, I find that suspensions disproportionately affect children already enduring considerable adversity. Even so, suspensions appear to redirect children’s trajectories, more than doubling their risk of arrest. Although suspended children experienced greater escalations in behavioral problems than their peers, post-suspension behavioral changes explained relatively little of the association between early suspension and later arrest. Instead, the most consequential way suspended children diverged from their peers was their heightened risk for repeated school sanction. Suspended children’s risk for repeated school removal explained 52 percent of the association between childhood suspension and juvenile arrest.
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Lee, Wan-Man Ellaria, Ralph A. Lugo, William J. Rusho, Mark MacKay, and John Sweeley. "Chemical Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Lorazepam Suspension at Two Temperatures." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-9.4.254.
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The objective of this study was to determine the chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspension (1 mg/mL) stored at two temperatures (4°C and 22°C) for 3 months. Lorazepam tablets marketed by two manufacturers (Mylan Pharmaceuticals and Watson Laboratories) were used to extemporaneously formulate two independently prepared suspensions. Each suspension was prepared using sterile water, Ora-Plus® and Ora-Sweet® to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The two brands of tablets required different volumes of vehicles to prepare a pharmaceutically optimal suspension. The suspensions were stored in amber glass bottles at 4°C and 22°C for 91 days. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography at baseline and on days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 63, and 91. The suspensions were considered stable if the mean lorazepam concentration remained greater than 90% of the initial concentration. The chemical stabilities of these two extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspensions were comparable throughout the study. Both lorazepam suspensions were stable for 63 days when stored at 4°C or 22°C, and both were stable for 91 days when refrigerated at 4°C. When stored at room temperature, the suspension prepared from the Watson tablet retained 88.9 ± 1.4% of the initial concentration on day 91 and was therefore considered unstable, while the suspension prepared from the Mylan tablet was stable for the entire 91-day study.
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Lakevičs, Vitālijs, Valentīna Stepanova, Santa Niedra, Inga Dušenkova, and Augusts Ruplis. "Thixotropic Properties of Latvian Illite Containing Clays." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.813.
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Thixotropic properties of Latvian Devonian and Quaternary clays were studied. Dynamic viscosity of the water clay suspensions were measured with a rotating viscometer. Influence of concentration, pH and modifiers on the thixotropic clay properties was analyzed. It was found that Latvian clays have thixotropic properties. Stability of clay suspensions is described with the thixotropy hysteresis loop. Increasing the speed of the viscometer rotation, dynamic viscosity of the clay suspension decreases. It was found that the solid phase concentration and mineralogical composition make an impact on the thixotropy of clays. Decreasing the solid phase concentration in the clay suspensions from 50% to 25%, dynamic viscosity decreases proportionally to the solid phase concentration. It was found that modifying clay suspensions with carboxymethyl cellulose (0,1g) increases concentration of structure forming. In the same time, modifying of clay suspensions with calcified soda (0,1g) decreases the structure forming concentration. Dependence of pH value from the solid phase concentration slightly decreases with the clay phase concentration increasing in the suspension.
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Clavaud, Cécile, Antoine Bérut, Bloen Metzger, and Yoël Forterre. "Revealing the frictional transition in shear-thickening suspensions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (May 2, 2017): 5147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703926114.
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Shear thickening in dense particulate suspensions was recently proposed to be driven by the activation of friction above an onset stress needed to overcome repulsive forces between particles. Testing this scenario represents a major challenge because classical rheological approaches do not provide access to the frictional properties of suspensions. Here we adopt a different strategy inspired by pressure-imposed configurations in granular flows that specifically gives access to this information. By investigating the quasi-static avalanche angle, compaction, and dilatancy effects in different nonbuoyant suspensions flowing under gravity, we demonstrate that particles in shear-thickening suspensions are frictionless under low confining pressure. Moreover, we show that tuning the range of the repulsive force below the particle roughness suppresses the frictionless state and also the shear-thickening behavior of the suspension. These results, which link microscopic contact physics to the suspension macroscopic rheology, provide direct evidence that the recent frictional transition scenario applies in real suspensions.
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Nikolov, Svetoslav V., Alberto Fernandez-Nieves, and Alexander Alexeev. "Behavior and mechanics of dense microgel suspensions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (October 19, 2020): 27096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008076117.
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Suspensions of soft and highly deformable microgels can be concentrated far more than suspensions of hard colloids, leading to their unusual mechanical properties. Microgels can accommodate compression in suspensions in a variety of ways such as interpenetration, deformation, and shrinking. Previous experiments have offered insightful, but somewhat conflicting, accounts of the behavior of individual microgels in compressed suspensions. We develop a mesoscale computational model to probe the behavior of compressed suspensions consisting of microgels with different architectures at a variety of packing fractions and solvent conditions. We find that microgels predominantly change shape and mildly shrink above random close packing. Interpenetration is only appreciable above space filling, remaining small relative to the mean distance between cross-links. At even higher packing fractions, microgels solely shrink. Remarkably, irrespective of the single-microgel properties, and whether the suspension concentration is changed via changing the particle number density or the swelling state of the particles, which can even result in colloidal gelation, the mechanics of the suspension can be quantified in terms of the single-microgel bulk modulus, which thus emerges as the correct mechanical measure for these type of soft-colloidal suspensions. Our results rationalize the many and varied experimental results, providing insights into the relative importance of effects defining the mechanics of suspensions comprising soft particles.
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Horie, Masanori, Haruhisa Kato, Shigehisa Endoh, Ayako Nakamura, Junko Maru, Naohide Shinohara, and Katsuhide Fujita. "Effects of Various Carbon Nanotube Suspensions on A549, THP-1, and Peritoneal Macrophage Cells." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 24 (July 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.24.1.
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The effects of iron content, fiber length, and stability of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension on cells were examined. Five kinds of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) suspensions were prepared: with catalytic iron, without iron, long SWCNTs (stable), short SWCNTs (stable), and short SWCNT (unstable). These suspensions were applied to A549, THP-1, and mouse peritoneal macrophage cells. After a 24-h exposure, the mitochondrial activity, cell membrane damage, intracellular oxidative stress, and expression of cytokine genes were determined. Among these properties of SWCNTs, stability of CNT suspension had the most influence on the cells, whereas the effects of iron content and fiber length were small. The unstable SWCNT suspension caused a substantial increase in intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, the cellular effects of stable multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were examined. The MWCNT suspension did not show any cellular effects. Overall, influences of CNT suspension on mitochondrial activity and cell membrane damage were small. These results suggest that the physical properties of CNT suspension are important factors for their cellular effects. Thus, CNT suspensions prepared with the same material but having different physical properties would differ in the cellular effects they exert, including cytotoxicity. Therefore, physical characterization of CNT suspensions is essential to the evaluation of CNT toxicity. In particular, stability of CNT suspension notably influenced the intracellular ROS level.
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Zhang, Xin-Jie, Mehdi Ahmadian, and Kong-Hui Guo. "On the Benefits of Semi-Active Suspensions with Inerters." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 3 (2012): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/640275.
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Inerters have become a hot topic in recent years especially in vehicle, train, building suspension systems, etc. Eight different layouts of suspensions were analyzed with a quarter-car model in this paper. Dimensionless root mean square (RMS) responses of the sprung mass vertical acceleration, the suspension travel, and the tire deflection are derived which were used to evaluate the performance of the quarter-car model. The behaviour of semi-active suspensions with inerters using Groundhook, Skyhook, and Hybrid control has been evaluated and compared to the performance of passive suspensions with inerters. Sensitivity analysis was applied to the development of a high performance semi-active suspension with an inerter. Numerical simulations indicate that a semi-active suspension with an inerter has much better performance than the passive suspension with an inerter, especially with the Hybrid control method, which has the best compromise between comfort and road holding quality.
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Novak, Saša, Goran Dražič, and Katja Mejak. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Green Parts for LPS SiC-Based Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.45.
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Electrophoretic deposition of silicon carbide in ethanol suspensions was studied with the aim to fabricate liquid-phase sintered (LPS) SiC-based ceramics densified at temperatures below 1500°C. The effect of suspensions composition (solids content, pH, sintering additives) on the deposition rate and the properties of the deposits was analysed. The consistency of deposits and their solids loading was found to be significantly dependent on composition of the starting suspension: the highest solids loading (54.5 vol. %) for pure SiC was obtained with the addition of citric acid, while for the suspension containing aluminum phosphate the deposition was more successful from alkaline suspensions.
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Gans, Adrien, Emilie Dressaire, Bénédicte Colnet, Guillaume Saingier, Martin Z. Bazant, and Alban Sauret. "Dip-coating of suspensions." Soft Matter 15, no. 2 (2019): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01785a.
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Xia, Jun Zhong, Zong Po Ma, Shu Min Li, and Xiang Bi An. "Influence of Vehicle Suspension System on Ride Comfort." Applied Mechanics and Materials 141 (November 2011): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.141.319.
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This paper focuses on the influence of various vehicle suspension systems on ride comfort. A vehicle model with eight degrees of freedom is introduced. With this model, various types of non-linear suspensions such as active and semi-active suspensions are investigated. From this investigation, we draw the conclusion that the active and semi-active suspensions models are beneficial for ride comfort.
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Lakevičs, Vitālijs, Valentīna Stepanova, and Augusts Ruplis. "Thixotropic Properties of Latvian Clays." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.903.
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This research studies Latvia originated Devon (Tūja, Skaņkalne), quaternary (Ceplīši), Jurassic, (Strēļi) and Triassic (Vadakste) deposit clays as well as Lithuania originated Triassic (Akmene) deposit clays. Thixotropic properties of clay were researched by measuring relative viscosity of clay in water suspensions. Relative viscosity is measured with a hopper method. It was detected that, when concentration of suspension is increased, clay suspension’s viscosity also increases. It happens until it reaches a certain boarder point when viscosity increases significantly – a dramatic rise is shown on the curve. It means that clay particles make a lace-like, easily broken structure. Impact of chemical reagents on clay suspensions’ thixotropic properties is researched. Experimental results obtained on the new materials with thixotropic properties will allow precise definition of production technologies and usage of a new approach in development of motivation products. Likewise, the results will make an important investment in establishing a thixotropic material description methodology.
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Moran, Antonio, Tomohiro Hasegawa, and Masao Nagai. "Integration of Bilinear Systems and Neural Networks for Designing Nonlinear Semi-Active Suspensions." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 4 (August 20, 1995): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0295.
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This paper presents a new design method of semi-active suspensions based on the integration of neural networks and bilinear systems. It is known that semi-active suspensions with ideal linear components have a bilinear structure. However actual semi-active suspensions with nonlinear components have an structure which is not purely bilinear. In order to improve the performance of semi-active suspensions, neural networks and bilinear systems are integrated and used for the identification and optimal control of nonlinear semi-active suspensions. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are analyzed and verified theoretically and experimentally using a semi-active suspension model equipped with piezoelectric actuators.
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Tang, Ai Hua, Jian Ping Tian, and Xiao Xu Liu. "Kinematics Characteristic Analysis and Structural Parameter Optimization of Twist Beam Rear Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1710.
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The multi-body dynamics analysis is an important method to analyze the movement and dynamics characteristics of a car in modern vehicle design process . The twist beam rear suspension which is for rear wheel steering was widely equipped on front engine rear wheel drive vehicles . The modeling of twist beam rear suspensions is always difficult to describe accurately for its unique structural behaviour . First of all , a non-linear method based on multi-body dynamics was used to establish the dynamics model of the twist beam rear suspension system by using the ADAMS/Car . Secondly, the kinematics analysis of the rear suspension was realized and the main suspension parameters (toe angle, camber angle and wheel base) were calculated by changing wheel travel by means of ADAMS/Car . Finally , the suspension was optimized . The result shows that integrative use of ADAMS/Car and ADAMS/Insight in the kinematics analysis and optimized design of the suspensions is rapidly and effectively to design vehicle suspensions .
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Matheus, Boeira Braga, and Cristina dos Santos Rocha Sandra. "Effect of Surface Properties on Particle Growth Kinetics for Polymer Coating in Spouted Bed." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1616.
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In this research, glass beads with size range between 1.68 and 2mm were coated with 5 polymeric suspensions. The suspensions formulations differ in relation to their employment and physical properties (solids concentration, surface tension and rheology), generating different characteristics of wettability and adhesion with the nucleus. The aim of this study was to evaluate particle coating in a spouted bed through analysis of particle growth in terms of solid surface energy, wettability, and adhesion before and after the formation of the first layer of polymeric film on the particle. The solid-suspension and film-suspension systems were characterized by contact angle and surface energy. The operating conditions were fixed for all suspensions: 1.5 kg of beads, air velocity of 0.369 m/s, air temperature of 60 °C, suspension flow rate of 4 ml and atomizing pressure of 10 psig. Analyzing particle growth kinetics, different behaviors were observed and related not only to glass-suspension wettability, but also to polymeric film-suspension surface properties.
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Wang, Yong, Ping Sun, He Li, Benu P. Adhikari, and Dong Li. "Rheological Behavior of Tomato Fiber Suspensions Produced by High Shear and High Pressure Homogenization and Their Application in Tomato Products." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5081938.
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This study investigated the effects of high shear and high pressure homogenization on the rheological properties (steady shear viscosity, storage and loss modulus, and deformation) and homogeneity in tomato fiber suspensions. The tomato fiber suspensions at different concentrations (0.1%–1%, w/w) were subjected to high shear and high pressure homogenization and the morphology (distribution of fiber particles), rheological properties, and color parameters of the homogenized suspensions were measured. The homogenized suspensions were significantly more uniform compared to unhomogenized suspension. The homogenized suspensions were found to better resist the deformation caused by external stress (creep behavior). The apparent viscosity and storage and loss modulus of homogenized tomato fiber suspension are comparable with those of commercial tomato ketchup even at the fiber concentration as low as 0.5% (w/w), implying the possibility of using tomato fiber as thickener. The model tomato sauce produced using tomato fiber showed desirable consistency and color. These results indicate that the application of tomato fiber in tomato-based food products would be desirable and beneficial.
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Zhou, Hai Fang, Xiao Xiang Wang, and Ri Zhi Wang. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Nacre Coatings on Titanium Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.747.
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Nacre powder suspensions in alcohol added with acetic acid (Suspension I) or calcium chloride (Suspension II) were prepared. Titanium substrates were coated with nacre powder by EPD in the suspensions. The result shows that Suspension II is more stable than Suspension I, and deposition rate in Suspension II is much higher than that in Suspension I. XRD and FTIR results show that the nacre coatings exhibit the same characteristics as the raw nacre powder. SEM morphologies show that uniform coatings are achieved. Scratch test shows that bonding strength of coatings from Suspension I is much higher than that of Suspension II. The higher bonding strength from Suspension I was confirmed to be closely related to the concurrent deposition of organic molecules dissolved in the suspension.
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PARREAU, FRANÇOIS, and EMMANUEL ROY. "Prime Poisson suspensions." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 35, no. 7 (August 4, 2014): 2216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2014.32.
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We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for a Poisson suspension to be prime. The proof is based on the Fock space structure of the $L^{2}$-space of the Poisson suspension. We give examples of explicit infinite measure-preserving systems, in particular of non-singular compact group rotations that give rise to prime Poisson suspensions. We also compare some properties of so far known prime transformations with those of our examples, showing that these examples are new.
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SANCHEZ, JORGE, XIOMARA PINEDA, GERMAN QUINTANA, and ADRIANA P. HERRERA. "Rheological behavior of magnetic pulp fiber suspensions." June 2021 20, no. 6 (July 1, 2021): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.6.393.
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This paper is focused on the rheology of magnetic pulp suspensions in absence and presence of an external magnetic field. Magnetic fibers were prepared by the lumen loading method using bleached eucalyptus fibers and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The effect of mass consistency, temperature, concentration of magnetic fibers, and magnetic field strength on yield stress and apparent viscosity of the suspensions were investigated. In the absence of an applied field, a dependence of yield stress with consistency, as well as with the percentage of magnetic fibers present in the suspension, was found. In flow tests, all the suspensions exhibited shear-thinning behavior, showing that the viscosity is only affected by the consistency of the suspension. On the other hand, magnetorheological measurements show a negative effect of the applied magnetic field on the viscosity of the suspension.
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Alfagih, Iman M., Norah Aloraini, and Eram Eltahir. "Quality and Stability Evaluation of Extemporaneously Compounded Losartan Potassium Oral Suspension at the Hospital Pharmacy." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 35, no. 14 (May 25, 2023): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i147371.
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of an extemporaneous formulation of losartan potassium oral suspensions from crushed losartan potassium tablets to ensure that the compounded suspension maintained its quality attributes during its storage period.
Methodology: Losartan potassium suspensions were compounded extemporaneously in the same way they are prepared for patients at a hospital pharmacy. The suspensions were kept in the refrigerator at 4°C and evaluated immediately and after 9, 18, and 28 days. Suspension ease of redispersion, color, odor, pH, particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and sedimentation volume were all evaluated. In addition, microbiological stability, drug content, and drug dissolution were assessed.
Results: During the study period, the extemporaneously compounded suspension retained its color and odor, and the pH profile remained consistent. Moreover, all suspensions were easily resuspended in a homogeneous liquid with gentle shaking, and no caking was detected. Furthermore, the results of the microbiological test revealed no microbial growth. The content uniformity and dissolution test results met the pharmacopeial requirements. The findings revealed that the losartan potassium compounding procedure was reliable and capable of producing 2.5 mg/mL of losartan potassium suspension using commercially available tablets and Ora-Blend as a suspending vehicle. Furthermore, after 28 days in the refrigerator (4°C), the suspension had acceptable quality features.
Conclusion: Extemporaneously compounded suspension allows physicians to prescribe a variable dose that adjusts to each patient’s needs, providing treatment when the liquid dosage form is unavailable.
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Hirata, Yoshihiro, Yosuke Tanaka, and Yuko Sakamoto. "Packing Density and Consolidation Energy of Colloidal Particles through Pressure Filtration." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.471.
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The applied pressure and suspension height during consolidation of a 15 vol% Al2O3 suspension (0.15 μm α-Al2O3 particles, isoelectric point pH 7.8) at pH 3 - 10 in a closed cylinder were continuously recorded using a pressure filtration apparatus. The apparent viscosity decreased with decreasing suspension pH. The final packing density of the dispersed acidic suspensions at pH 3.2 and 5.6 reached 62 – 63% at 19 MPa of applied pressure. The viscous basic suspensions at pH 7.8 and 9.6 were consolidated to 52 – 54 % density. Because of the release of the stored elastic strain energy, the height of the consolidated Al2O3 compact increased after releasing the pressure. The energy required to consolidate 1 cm3 of Al2O3 particles was in the range from 3.0 to 15.9 J, and became larger for the dispersed acidic suspensions. The energy applied between two colloidal particles during consolidation (W) was compared to the interaction energy (Ei) between two particles in a suspension.
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CHOI, UNG-SU, and YOUNG-GUN KO. "ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CHITOSAN DICARBOXYLATE SUSPENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 17n18 (July 20, 2002): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202012578.
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The electrorheological (ER) behavior of chitosan dicarboxylate suspensions in silicone oil was investigated by varying the electric fields, volume fractions of particles, and shear rates, respectively. The chitosan dicarboxylate susepnsions showed a typical ER response caused by the polarizability of an amide polar group and shear yield stress due to the formation of multiple chains upon application of an electric field. Of these, chitosan malonicate suspension represented slightly higher rheological performance than any other suspensions due to dependent upon the carbon chain length. The shear stress for the suspension exhibited a linear dependence on an electric field power of 1.88. On the basis of the results, the newly synthesized chitosan dicarboxylate suspensions were found to be an anhydrous ER fluid.
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Peng, Yucheng, Changlei Xia, and Brian Via. "Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension Rheological Properties Using a Rotational Viscometer." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-21-00026.
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Abstract Interest in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) recently has been growing significantly. Many applications have been developed for CNC and appropriate procedures to handle the CNC suspensions are critical for these applications. In this study, we explored a method evaluating CNC suspensions based on rheological property characterization. We used a rotational viscometer to characterize CNC suspensions at concentrations of 3, 4, 5, and 6 wt.%. We collected primary readings from the rotational viscometer, including spindle rotation speed and torque, to generate apparent viscosity and shear rate for CNC suspensions. We applied three different methods summarized from the literature to calculate apparent viscosity and real shear rate. We critically analyzed differences among calculation results from the three methods. Shearing thinning behaviors obeyed the power law flow model for all CNC suspensions in the shear rate tested. At different concentrations, consistency and flow behavior indices in the model differed in the measured shear rate range. With the same shear rate, higher concentration CNC suspension had a higher apparent viscosity. The apparent viscosity of the CNC suspension was associated with its weight concentration in a power law relationship. This study indicated that a rotational viscometer can be used as a quality control tool for characterizing the rheological properties of the CNC suspensions. We made recommendations for using appropriate calculation methods to obtain shear rate and apparent viscosity of CNC suspensions from the primary readings of a rotational viscometer under different situations.
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Morgan-D'atrio, Cindy, John Northup, Lynn Lafleur, and Sandi Spera. "Toward Prescriptive Alternatives to Suspensions: A Preliminary Evaluation." Behavioral Disorders 21, no. 2 (February 1996): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874299602100206.
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Data were collected at a large urban high school in order to determine the extent of discipline problems, the use of suspension, and the procedural integrity of the school's disciplinary policy. Results documented a high frequency of disciplinary referrals and suspensions and poor correspondence between school disciplinary policy and disciplinary actions. Next, individual assessments of middle and high school students' academic and social behavior documented a very high incidence of academic and social skills deficits, as well as other adjustment problems, among students with recurrent suspensions. Substantial individual differences between students illustrated that students with recurrent suspensions are a very heterogeneous group. Implications for developing proactive treatment alternatives to suspension are discussed.
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Alanoly, J., and S. Sankar. "A New Concept in Semi-Active Vibration Isolation." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267444.
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Semi-active suspensions can achieve performance close to that of active suspensions with much lower cost and complexity. They use an active damper in parallel with a passive spring. The forces in the damper are generated merely by the modulation of fluid-flow orifices based on a control scheme involving feedback variables. This paper presents an original control strategy employing only directly measurable variables in vehicle applications. The relative displacement and relative velocity across the suspension are the only feedback signals and the damper force can be continuously modulated (as opposed to on-off control). Vibration isolation performance of the new semi-active scheme is compared to semi-active sky-hook suspension, as well as passive and active suspensions.
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Moravec, Jiří, Tomáš Jirout, František Rieger, and Lukáš Krátký. "Mixing system for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0043-9.
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Mixing system for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions The mixing equipment for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions must be designed differently from the equipment in which a suspension with a low concentration of the solid phase or bigger particles is mixed. It is due to the different rheological properties of the suspensions. In this work we are trying to find a suitable mixing system for a highly concentrated fine-grained suspension. The aim was to determine an effect of particular geometrical parameters of the tested mixing systems on a suspension process, especially from the energetic viewpoint. The energetic costs of all the used mixing systems were compared on the basis of the power consumption which was necessary for reaching the state of sufficient suspension movement in the whole mixed bulk. As a result, it was confirmed that multistage impellers can be used even in standard vessels (with a liquid level height equal to a vessel diameter) with a profit. During experiments, the state of sufficient movement was determined by a visual observation of the suspension at the vessel bottom, at the wall and also at the suspension level.
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Yi, Kyongsu, and Karl Hedrick. "Dynamic Tire Force Control by Semiactive Suspensions." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899124.
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This paper presents a semiactive suspension control algorithm to reduce dynamic tire forces and it includes the development and application of observers for bilinear systems with unknown disturbances. The peak dynamic tire forces, which are greatly in excess of static tire forces, are highly dependent on the dynamic characteristics of vehicle suspensions. One way to reduce dynamic tire forces is to use advanced suspension systems such as semiactive suspensions. Semiactive control laws to reduce dynamic tire forces are investigated and a bilinear observer structure for bilinear systems with unknown disturbances is formulated such that the estimation error is independent of the unknown external disturbances and the error dynamics are stable for bounded inputs. The motivation for the development of a disturbance decoupled bilinear observer comes from the state estimation problem in semiactive suspensions. An experimental study on the performance of a semiactive suspension to reduce the dynamic tire forces is made via a laboratory vehicle test rig. The semiactive suspension has been implemented by using a modulable damper, accelerometers and a personal computer. Experimental studies show that the performance of the semiactive suspension is close to that of the best passive suspension for all frequency ranges in the sense of minimizing the dynamic tire forces and that the dynamic tire force can be replaced by the estimated one. The dynamic tire forces for both passive and semiactive control test cases are compared to show the potential of a semiactive suspension to reduce the dynamic tire forces.