Relevant bibliographies by topics / Suspension

Academic literature on the topic 'Suspension'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Suspension"

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Savić, Vesna, Milica Martinović, Ivana Nešić, Jelena Živković, and Ivana Gajić. "Influence of additives on suspension structure." Advanced Technologies 10, no. 1 (2021): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh2101037s.

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The aim of this study was to compare the stability and texture of three zinc oxide suspensions with different additives. Suspension 1 was made as official magistral formulation Suspensio album 7.5% from Formulae magistrales 2008. Suspension 2 was prepared when 1% carbomer gel was added to suspension 1 and suspension 3 was prepared when polysorbate 20 was added to suspension 2. After stability tests, texture analysis was performed on all suspensions. Following parameters were measured: hardness cycle 1, hardness cycle 2, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, resilience and springiness. The study showed that suspension 3 had the lowest value of hardness, and therefore the best spreadability. Also, suspension 3 was the least sticky of all three, since it was characterized with the lowest adhesiveness. Further, suspension 3 was the most cohesive and is predicted to withstand the stress during packing and use longer than others. On the other hand, the highest values of resilience and springiness were detected for suspension 1, while the lowest was related to suspension 2. Therefore, the best textural characteristics were assigned to suspension 3. This result is in accordance with the results of performed stability tests. The results of our study offer insight into potential improvements of the current magistral formulation Suspensio album 7.5%.
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Dodange, Setare, Reza Riahifar, Babak Raissi, Maziar S. Yaghmaee, and Amir Alhaji. "Heterocoagulation simulation of nano alumina and silica particle dispersion using discrete element method." International Journal of Materials Research 113, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8123.

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Abstract Heterocoagulation in alumina–silica suspension is studied using 2-dimensional discrete element method simulations. Controlling the structure and stability of the binary suspensions via selecting the appropriate size of precursors is crucial in ceramics processing. Alumina and silica particles with a broad range of sizes and size ratios are investigated. The size and the size ratio determine the degree of heterocoagulation and impact the suspension’s structure. Analyzing simulation results shows that when the sizes of silica and alumina particles are comparable, and the radii of particles are below 300 nm, a chain-like structure is formed. In suspensions with high size asymmetry, smaller silica particles surround larger alumina particles, and the degree of heterocoagulation is dependent on the composition of the suspension. The results show that suspension composition can also be used to tune the heterocoagulation structure.
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Sun, Li, Zhao Deng, and Qing Zhang. "Design and Strength Analysis of FSAE Suspension." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010414.

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China FSAE race introduced formula racing gradually in the university campus in order to make FSAE racing have better ride comfort, handling and stability. Design and strength analysis of FSAE suspension were also proposed. Firstly, according to the whole layout of FSAE racing, the suspension mode was selected, both front and rear suspension were unequal push rod type double wishbone independent suspensions. Secondly, the main parameters and the orientation structure of the front and rear suspension were preliminarily designed. The wheels alignment parameters were selected with all kinds of stiffness, damping coefficient, followed by cross arm length calculation. According to the design parameters, suitable rim and shock absorber were chosen to determine the structure of the suspension’s main components . Thirdly, the front and rear suspension models were set up by the SolidWorks 3D software. Finally, the analysis of static stress on the main components of FSAE racing using the simulation module was performed to form the car suspension system so that it meets the design requirements of the FSAE regulations. This paper could provide references for the real vehicle development.
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Lee, Seungjun, Jaehoo Lee, and Nongmoon Hwang. "Effect of the Dispersion State in Y5O4F7 Suspension on YOF Coating Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070831.

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The stable Y5O4F7 suspension for dense yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF) coating by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) was developed. Electrostatically and electrosterically stabilized aqueous Y5O4F7 suspensions were prepared and compared with a commercially available Y5O4F7 suspension without dispersant. The wettability and dispersibility of the Y5O4F7 suspensions were evaluated in terms of the zeta potential, average particle size, and size distribution with electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The viscosity was measured and the sedimentation was tested to examine the fluidity and stability of the Y5O4F7 suspensions. When electrostatic (BYK-154) and electrosteric (BYK-199) dispersants were added to the Y5O4F7 suspension, the isoelectric point (IEP) of Y5O4F7 particles in the suspension shifted to lower pH. The zeta potential of both of electrostatically and electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspensions were higher than ±40 mV at pH of 8.6, respectively, which were much higher than of the Y5O4F7 suspension without dispersant. Meanwhile, the average particle size of the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension was much smaller than that of the electrostatically stabilized one. The electrosteric stabilization had a great effect on improving the wettability and dispersibility of the Y5O4F7 suspension. The coating rate of the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension was the highest among the three tested suspensions. In addition, the YOF coating deposited with the electrosterically stabilized Y5O4F7 suspension had the highest hardness and the lowest porosity.
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Zhou, Hai Fang, Xiao Xiang Wang, and Ri Zhi Wang. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Nacre Coatings on Titanium Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.747.

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Nacre powder suspensions in alcohol added with acetic acid (Suspension I) or calcium chloride (Suspension II) were prepared. Titanium substrates were coated with nacre powder by EPD in the suspensions. The result shows that Suspension II is more stable than Suspension I, and deposition rate in Suspension II is much higher than that in Suspension I. XRD and FTIR results show that the nacre coatings exhibit the same characteristics as the raw nacre powder. SEM morphologies show that uniform coatings are achieved. Scratch test shows that bonding strength of coatings from Suspension I is much higher than that of Suspension II. The higher bonding strength from Suspension I was confirmed to be closely related to the concurrent deposition of organic molecules dissolved in the suspension.
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Peng, Yucheng, and Brian Via. "The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension Treatment on Suspension Viscosity and Casted Film Property." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132168.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted significant interest in different industrial sectors. Many applications have been developed and more are being explored. Pre-treatment of the suspension plays a critical role for different applications. In this study, different pre-treatment methods, including homogenization, ultrasonication, and mixing with a magnetic stirrer were applied to a CNC suspension. After treatment, the rheological behaviors of the treated CNC suspensions were characterized using a rotational viscometer. The treated suspensions were then used to cast films for characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). All the CNC suspensions demonstrated a shear thinning phenomena. Homogenization or ultrasonication significantly decreased the suspension viscosity compared with the suspension mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The viscosity of CNC suspension changed with time after treatment and settlement of treated CNC suspensions in room conditions increased the viscosity dramatically with time. Different UV and visible light interferences were observed for the CNC films generated from suspensions treated by different methods. The degree of crystallinity of the CNC films evaluated by FT-NIR showed that the film from suspension treated by homogenization and ultrasonication has the highest degree of crystallinity. Pre-treatments of CNC suspension affected the suspension viscosities and formed film properties.
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Yang, Lin, Jun Wei Zhang, and Si Zhong Chen. "Research on Hydro-Pneumatic Balanced Suspension of Multi-Spindled Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.855.

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A hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is proposed based on the structural features of general hydro-pneumatic suspension and balanced suspension. Two types of suspensions mathematics models are built and differential equations of motion are derived with Lagrange-Equation. Performance of the two suspensions is simulated with the software of MATLAB. The results show that ride performance of vehicles is improved using hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension. Therefore, hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is more suitable for multi-spindled vehicles.
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Mantry, Shubhrajit, Shubham Shinde, Sahil Shaikh, Sumit Joshi, and Ganesh Dama. "Emerging Implementation of Nano-Suspension Technology for Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drug for the Treatment of Helminths Disease." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 06 (2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.14607.

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Anthelmintics are medications that are used to treat parasitic worm infections. This comprises flat worms like flukes and tapeworms as well as round worms like nematodes. They are critical for human tropical medicine. Nano-suspensions are one of the many applications of nanotechnology. Nano-suspensions are liquid formulations that feature submicron colloidal dispersion of pharmaceutical active component particles stabilised by surfactants. Nano-suspension technology is a novel and cost-effective method for improving the bioavailability of hydrophobic medicines, particularly those that are poorly soluble in aqueous solutions. Nano-suspensions play a significant role in the development of new medication formulations. High pressure homogenizers, emulsion solvent evaporation, melt emulsification technique, and nanoprecipitation are all used to make nano-suspensions. Particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug dissolution were all examined for the nano-suspensions. Poorly soluble drugs can benefit from nano-suspension technology to improve their stability and bioavailability. The bioavailability of nano-suspension was also tested in mice, which showed that the particle size distribution of nano-suspension was considerably affected by bioavailability. The rate of anthelmintic nano-suspension dissolution was substantially higher than that of raw drug powder. In vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of nano-suspension indicated a substantial increase in Cmax and AUC(0-t) when compared to pure drug. When compared to pure drug bioavailability, anthelmintic nano-suspension had a greater oral bioavailability.
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Nugroho, Pipit Wahyu. "Analisis Getaran Kendaraan Sistem Satu Roda dalam tinjauan Dua Derajat Kebebasan." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 2, no. 01 (June 30, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v2i01.34.

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The comfort of the vehicle passenger of the vehicle and its stability are the important variables that are always needed by everyone who uses transportation. In order to achieve this goal, the suspension of the vehicle will play an important role because its function is to isolate passengers from the effects of excitation from outside the vehicle and also to control the wheels attached to the road surface. Therefore in this study, the influence of various types of suspensions on vehicle vibrations is observed in terms of comfort and stability. The type of suspension in this study is related to the level of suspensión stiffness namely the spring and the damper. Vehicle modeling to be applied in a one-wheeled vehicle with two degrees of freedom. The experimental study is conducted by loading of vehicle body weight and passengers to three type of suspension, soft, medium and hard. Vibration responses to be analyzed on the vehicle equation using Matlab to obtain the acceleration response of the displacement and the defelction. This research obtains a vibration response graph for each type of suspension for some kind of road profile.
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Peng, Zhiwei, and John F. Brady. "Forced microrheology of active colloids." Journal of Rheology 66, no. 5 (September 2022): 955–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000504.

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Particle-tracking microrheology of dilute active (self-propelled) colloidal suspensions is studied by considering the external force required to maintain the steady motion of an immersed constant-velocity colloidal probe. If the probe speed is zero, the suspension microstructure is isotropic but exhibits a boundary accumulation of active bath particles at contact due to their self-propulsion. As the probe moves through the suspension, the microstructure is distorted from the nonequilibrium isotropic state, which allows us to define a microviscosity for the suspension using the Stokes drag law. For a slow probe, we show that active suspensions exhibit a swim-thinning behavior in which their microviscosity is gradually lowered from that of passive suspensions as the swim speed increases. When the probe speed is fast, the suspension activity is obscured by the rapid advection of the probe and the measured microviscosity is indistinguishable from that of passive suspensions. Generally for finite activity, the suspension exhibits a velocity-thinning behavior—though with a zero-velocity plateau lower than passive suspensions—as a function of the probe speed. These behaviors originate from the interplay between the suspension activity and the hard-sphere excluded-volume interaction between the probe and a bath particle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Suspension"

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Dorrell, Robert Michael. "Particulate Suspensions : The Mechanics of Suspension and Deposition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525454.

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Carpen, Ileana Cristina Brady John F. Brady John F. "Studies of suspension behavior : I. Instabilities of non-Brownian suspensions. II. Microrheology of colloidal suspensions /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06022005-131439.

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Lam, Duhane. "Bicycle suspension design." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/MQ51383.pdf.

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Jenkins, Chadlea. "Vehicle suspension design." Thesis, University of Salford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395699.

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Junior, Luís Mauro Pereira Freitas. "Estudo da dinâmica vertical de uma suspensão veicular do tipo MacPherson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-19012011-114031/.

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O sistema de suspensão de um veículo desempenha papel fundamental na isolação das vibrações provenientes da pista e de outras fontes de excitações e tem como alguns de seus objetivos: melhoria do conforto dos passageiros, manutenção da integridade das cargas e das vias (asfalto), aumento da segurança, proporcionando melhores condições de aderência pneu-piso, etc. A predição do desempenho de um sistema de suspensão veicular antes da construção de um protótipo físico, permite o dimensionamento prévio dos componentes que o integram com maior precisão, otimizando-se, desta forma, o custo final do produto bem como custos e prazos decorrentes de modificações para solucionar problemas que seriam detectados somente na experimentação do protótipo físico. Este trabalho apresenta um comparativo entre os resultados analíticos obtidos utilizando-se as funções transferências de um modelo simplificado (ou clássico) linear de uma suspensão automotiva de 1/4 de veículo (quarter-car); dos obtidos através da utilização de um protótipo virtual do mesmo modelo simplificado (ou clássico) de 1/4 de veículo e, por fim, dos obtidos utilizando-se um protótipo virtual de um sistema de suspensão do tipo MacPherson, sendo que os protótipos virtuais podem trabalhar com não-linearidades. São obtidas as respostas dinâmicas no domínio da frequência (0 a 30 Hz) e também no domínio do tempo, neste último caso utilizando-se como entrada um pulso no pneu, que simula a passagem do veículo sobre um obstáculo a 18 Km/h. Os resultados são comparados objetivamente e conclui-se sobre as limitações de utilização do modelo simplificado (ou clássico) de 1/4 de veículo.
The performance of the suspension system of a vehicle is fundamental to isolate the vibrations from road and from other sources and has the following objetives: improve the comfort of passengers (ride), protect the cargo and the road (asphalt), improve vehicle handling, etc. The prediction of the performance of a vehicle´s suspension system prior to the real prototype construction, allows the previous optimization of the design of the suspension´s components, obtaining a low cost product, in a shorter timming, with lower development costs, by solving problems that would be evident only during the tests with the real prototype. This study presents a comparison between analitycal results obtained by the use of transfers functions of a plain or classical linear model of a automotive suspension system named quarter-car; the results obtained from a virtual prototype of the same plain or classical model and, finally, the results obtained from a virtual prototype of a Macpherson suspension system, considering that the virtuals prototypes are be able to work with non-linearities. The dynamic response are obtained in the frequency domain (0 a 30 Hz) and in the time domain too, in this last case, with a pulse input in the tire, that simulates the car passing over a bump with a speed of 18 Km/h. Through the comparison of the results is possible to conclude about the limitations of the classical model.
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Schlicker, Bruce M. "Composite suspension member analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4818.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
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Paterson, Colin Alexander. "Computer controlled suspension systems." Thesis, Coventry University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357047.

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Zhang, Yantong, and Pedro Escribano. "Active Forwarder Cab Suspension." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190138.

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The forest industry plays an important role in Sweden, and forest machine manufactures are underconstant pressure to achieve both high productivity and comfortable operating environment in its products. A forwarder is a forestry vehicle that carries logs which are cut by a harvester. It suffers alot of low frequency and high amplitude vibrations during the operation because of the rough terrainin forests. Therefore, it is necessary and vital to introduce an active cab suspension system in orderto reduce the whole vibrations in the forwarder cab.The main purposes of this thesis are to develop, implement and test a feasible control strategy forthe active cab suspension system as well as verify the controller’s performance in terms of vibrationreduction and power consumption. This project is focused on the available mechanical rig installedat KTH lab hall, instead of a real forwarder.A deep study has been carried out on a new valve prototype. Exhausted tests were made to testthe performance of this valve under different conditions. From the test results, the valve was tunedin order to get the best performance out of it. Once the valve has been well calibrated, a model ofthe whole system was estimated by using Black-box estimation. The model has a 96% of matchingbetween the stimulation data and the validation data. Different controllers were designed with thismodel, and the best one was designed by the gain scheduling method.The system has a delay of 36 ms, therefore, it was studied how the performance of this controllerwould increase if this delay was reduced. The study shows that reducing the delay to around 0-2ms, the suspension system is able to reduce the vibration from 60% to 90%. Smith Predictor wasimplemented into the gain scheduling controller in order to reduce the effect of the delay. The resultsdemonstrated a better and more robust performance of the controller with Smith Predictor.Several test cases were implemented to seek a wide range of possible vibrations that a forwardercould handle in the forest. These tests have been done both in a test rig and in a simulationenvironment. The final test was conducted by using a real track test model obtained from Skogforsk.This track is used for testing different systems in a test forwarder since it simulates the terrain ina forest. Based on the simulation result, the total disturbance reduction percentages of SmithPredictor controller are 75% for heave, 68% for pitch and 73% for roll, which shows the systemreduces the cab vibration. Moreover, the maximum amount of power needed during the forwarderoperation is 11.63 kW which is feasible for implementing this system on the actual forwarder.
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Rocha, Caio Cesar Vieria. "The "Action of Suspension"." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4002.

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O trabalho ora apresentado pretendeu investigar o instituto do pedido de suspensÃo à luz dos princÃpios constitucionais do processo, analisando sua constitucionalidade material e formal. Situamos o referido instituto no tempo e espaÃo, atravÃs de anÃlise histÃrica e comparando-o com similares de outros paÃses. Em seguida, justificamo-lo no princÃpio da supremacia do interesse pÃblico sobre o privado, demonstrando que sua criaÃÃo decorreu da aplicaÃÃo do princÃpio da proporcionalidade utilizado pelo legislador para resolver o aparente embate entre aquele e o princÃpio do acesso à justiÃa. Para demonstrar a sua constitucionalidade material, cotejamo-lo com os mais importantes princÃpios processuais, alÃm de apontar a inconstitucionalidade formal da medida provisÃria que o regulamenta. Demonstramos sua validade legal perante as normas processuais infraconstitucionais. Analisamos a sua natureza jurÃdica, a fim de melhor conceituÃ-lo no ordenamento. Por fim, dedicamo-nos a discorrer sobre o seu processamento, concluindo, em especÃfico, que para harmonizar-se com o ordenamento constitucional, a sua anÃlise deve ser precedida de um mÃnimo juÃzo de delibaÃÃo da causa principal, em que o princÃpio da proporcionalidade deve ser utilizado para averiguar a probabilidade de modificaÃÃo da decisÃo objeto do pedido de suspensÃo, em face da gravidade da lesÃo que se apresenta.
The presented work intended to investigate the institute of the âAction of Suspensionâ (âPedido de SuspensÃoâ), by the light of the most important constitutional principles, analyzing its material and formal constitutionality. We point out the cited institute in time and space, through historical analysis and comparison to its similars from other countries. After that, we justified it in the principle of the supremacy of the public above private interest, demonstrating that its creation elapsed from the application of the proportionality principle used by the legislator to solve the apparent conflict between the shock of the supremacy of the public interest and the access to justice. To demonstrate its material constitutionality, we analysed it with the most important procedural principles, and pointed out the formal unconstitutionality of the provisional remedy that regulates it. We demonstrate its legal validity before the procedural infraconstitutional norms. We analyzed its legal nature, in order to better appraise it in the legal system. At last, we spent some time discoursing on its processing, concluding, in specific, that to harmonize itself with the constitutional order, its analysis must be preceded by a minimum judgment of the litigation cause, where the proportionality principle must be used to inquire the probability of future modification of the decision subject-matter of the action of suspension, in face of the gravity of the injury that if presents.
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Day, Jason J. "Topologically Mixing Suspension Flows." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8389.

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We find a set of conditions on a roof function to ensure topological mixing for suspension flows over a topological mixing base. In the measure theoretic case, such conditions have already been established for certain flows. Specifically, certain suspensions are topologically mixing if and only if the roof function is not cohomologous to a constant. We show that an analogous statement holds to establish topological mixing with the presence of dense periodic points. Much of the work required is to find properties specific to the equivalence class of functions cohomologous to a constant. In addition to these conditions, we show that the set of roof functions that induce a topologically mixing suspension is open and dense in the space of continuous roof functions.
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Books on the topic "Suspension"

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Suspension. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2000.

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Crabbe, Richard. Suspension. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2000.

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Suspension. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002.

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Fred, Milson, ed. Steering & suspension. London: Marshall Cavendish, 1985.

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Pelchat, Jean. Suspension: Roman. Québec, Québec: Instant même, 1995.

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Trzesniowski, Michael. Suspension System. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39847-7.

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Suspension acoustics: An introduction to the physics of suspensions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Bauer, Wolfgang. Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63772-2.

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Bauer, Wolfgang. Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15147-7.

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1962-, Wagner Norman Joseph, ed. Colloidal suspension rheology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Suspension"

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Trzesniowski, Michael. "Suspension." In Suspension System, 77–161. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39847-7_2.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Suspension." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 539. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10240.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Suspension." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 724. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11458.

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Hill, Geoff. "Suspension." In Loudspeaker Modelling and Design, 110–17. New York, NY: Routledge, [2019]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351116428-28.

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Solimene, Fabio. "Suspension." In The Law and Practice of Complex Construction Projects, 138. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003387718-19.

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Hilgers, Michael, and Wilfried Achenbach. "Suspension." In Chassis and Axles, 7–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60835-7_2.

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Whipp, John, and Roy Brooks. "Suspension." In Transmission, Chassis and Related Systems, 99–123. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12119-9_6.

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Whipp, John. "Suspension." In Lecture’s Guide Transmission, Chassis and Related Systems Levels 2 and 3, 99–123. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12138-0_6.

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Hilgers, Michael. "Suspension." In Commercial Vehicle Technology, 9–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66614-2_2.

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Trzesniowski, Michael. "Types of Suspensions." In Suspension System, 239–303. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39847-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Suspension"

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Oledzki, Wieslaw J. "Progressive Rate Steel Vehicle Suspension." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13093.

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It is well known that progressiveness of the damping characteristic of vehicle suspension is a highly desirable feature that substantially improves shock absorption transmitted from the road wheels to the body of a vehicle. It is also well known that progressive rate vehicle suspensions with smooth (i.e. differentiable) damping characteristic commonly in use are pneumatic and hydro-pneumatic ones. However, these suspensions are inferior to steel ones in many aspects such as strength, durability, reliability and cost, and their damping characteristic, being determined by the thermodynamic properties (adiabatic exponent) of the gas (air or nitrogen) they utilize, cannot be freely adjusted and is far from optimum. There are also some progressive rate vehicle suspensions fitted with steel springs, but they usually features inferior non-differentiable damping characteristic. The problem of constructing purely mechanical steel progressive rate vehicle suspension has been undertaken by many inventors, but none of such suspensions proposed in the past was a success. This is due to the fact that those suspensions used unreliable and perishable cam mechanisms to achieve required non-linearity of damping characteristic. In the present article we briefly discuss an innovative recently patented [1-4] vehicle suspension, that produces progressive rate smooth damping characteristic out of linear characteristic of steel spring of any kind, which damping characteristic can be adjusted to any specific requirements, and which features extraordinarily compact and robust structure. It is to be stressed that the suspension presented in this paper has yet not been tested in a vehicle, but some measurements has been made using a steel model of a "flat" version of the suspension mechanism proving general assumptions behind the design.
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Mubarok, F., J. Puranen, P. Vuoristo, R. Johnsen, and N. Espallargas. "Effect of Suspension Characteristics on Microstructure of Suspension Plasma Sprayed SiC Submicron Coatings." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0734.

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Abstract Thermal spraying of pure SiC is difficult due to decomposition issues at elevated temperatures. However, the development of suspension plasma spray opens a new path to investigate the deposition of this material since the liquid carrier can hinder this phenomenon. The present work investigates a new route for producing SiC submicron structured coating by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Classical SiC manufacturing routes using suspension (i.e: spray drying, tape casting) are studied regarding their feasibility to be used on suspension plasma spraying. Aqueous-based suspensions containing 10 wt.% SiC powder (0.60 µm) along with sintering additives are dispersed and stabilized. Both suspensions are sprayed on martensitic stainless steel substrate (AISI 440C) to achieve finely structured and dense coatings. Digital image analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the coating microstructures. Their dependency on suspension characteristics and spray operation parameters are discussed with respect to the final coating performance.
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Killinger, A., P. Müller, and R. Gadow. "High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying and Suspension Plasma Spraying of Oxide Ceramics." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0442.

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Abstract Thermal spraying of oxide ceramic suspensions containing fine and ultrafine powder particles is a new approach for manufacturing ceramic coatings exhibiting a refined microstructure. Suspension sprayed coatings clearly differ from conventionally sprayed coatings regarding microstructure phase composition and resulting mechanical properties. Several industrial applications may take advantage in future; among these are thermal barrier structures, thermal shock protection, solid electrolytes, catalytically active surfaces and wear resistant coatings. Two methods, namely Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) and High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS) are suitable to process suspensions but lead to rather different coating structures due to differences in the achievable particle velocities and temperature. Generally, HVSFS can lead to more dense coatings with low porosity values. With SPS on the other hand, coatings with a high volume fraction of porosity featuring a homogeneous pore structure are achievable. The presentation will compare SPS and HVSFS regarding the spray process, achieved properties of the oxide coatings and potential applications.
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Toma, F. L., S. Langner, M. M. Barbosa, L. M. Berger, C. Rödel, and A. Potthoff. "Influence of the Suspension Characteristics and Spraying Parameters on the Properties of Dense Suspension-HVOF Sprayed Al2O3 Coatings." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0399.

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Abstract In this work suspension-HVOF spraying (S-HVOF) was used to prepare dense and mechanical stable Al2O3 sprayed coatings with high contents of α-Al2O3 phase. Aqueous suspensions with various contents of powder (from 25 wt.% up to 50 wt.%) have been developed starting from two commercial α-Al2O3 powders, characterized by different purity and particle sizes. The suspensions have been internally injected in a modified combustion chamber of a HVOF TopGun-torch. Coating microstructures, phase compositions and mechanical properties resulting from the interaction between suspension characteristics and spray parameters are presented. Use of suspensions with high solid contents allowed the production of thick, dense and mechanically stable coatings. The α-Al2O3 was the main phase in the coatings produced through the injection of suspensions containing powders with very high purity.
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Mayton, Alan G., Joseph P. DuCarme, Christopher C. Jobes, and Timothy J. Matty. "Laboratory Investigation of Seat Suspension Performance During Vibration Testing." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14146.

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Mining injury statistics show that a significant number of back, neck, and head injuries are linked to exposure from vehicle vibration. Use of a suspension seat is a common way to isolate the vehicle operator from the adverse effects of vibration exposure. Thus, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health1 - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (NIOSH - PRL) performed laboratory studies on four passive and two semi-active seat suspension designs. These are typical of seat suspensions commonly found on large off-road heavy surface mining, construction and agricultural vehicles as either replacement or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) systems. One included a pneumatic (air bladder) spring mechanism. The fifth and sixth suspensions were a NIOSH magnetorheological (MR) semi-active damper design based on the pneumatic (air bladder) and one of the coil spring suspensions above. These suspensions were modified with a commercially available MR damper substituted for the OEM damper. These six seat suspension systems were tested and analyzed, for vertical vibration only, using the ISO 5007 Standard [1]. This paper describes the laboratory vibration tests using a MTS® shaker table and discusses the results obtained for the different suspension designs and highlights the rheonetic technology studied. Implications of the seat suspension designs relative to their capabilities for isolating vehicle operators from vibration exposure are discussed. Results for suspensions 1 through 3 showed frequencies of isolation from 2.1 to 3.0 Hz using the 40-kg (88-lb) mass and from 1.65 Hz to 1.8 Hz using the 80-kg (176-lb) mass. Suspension #4, in tests with only the 80-kg (176-lb) mass, showed an isolation frequency of 3.7 Hz. With the MR damper added to seat suspension #4, the peak transmissibility was lowered from 1.3 to 0.95 and showed a corresponding downward shift in frequency from 2.25 Hz to 1.4 Hz. In fact, the results for suspension #5 (the MR damper added to seat suspension #4), using test #3 conditions of the programmed control algorithm, showed isolation (attenuation of transmitted vibration) throughout the test frequency range from 1.0 to 6.0 Hz.
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Vasquez, Felipe. "Analytical expression to calculate the suspension sag of vehicles." In The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition. The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/6504eef5a78c064207a963b2.

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The suspension system of a vehicle is essentially conceived with two objectives: to provide comfort to the passengers and maintain tires in contact with the ground (roadholding). It is well known, however, that optimal comfort and roadholding cannot be achieved simultaneously since they require a different set of stiffness and damping. Simple models are used to comprehend the variables involved with which the response acceleration, tyre force and suspension displacements due to random roads had been derived, together with optimal suspensions. Nonetheless the required suspension travel and suspension sag have not been extensively discussed. In this article we derive expressions to determine the suspension travel and suspension sag (static compression) required to transit a random road. It was also analysed the case when the optimal suspensions are used, and the expressions where simplified. Lastly, a numerical example show that the derived equations provide reasonable values for a first approximation.
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Ahmadian, Mehdi. "A Hybrid Semiactive Control for Secondary Suspension Applications." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0464.

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Abstract The performance of semiactive “skyhook” dampers for secondary suspensions is compared with passive dampers, using a single suspension model. The simulation results indicate that, compared to passive suspensions, semiactive skyhook dampers provide a more favorable control of the dynamic resonance without decreasing the isolation effectiveness of the suspension. Further, it is shown that skyhook dampers provide a better control of one body at the expense of less control of the other body. An alternative semiactive control policy, called “hybrid control,” is introduced to provide a better control of both the bodies that the suspension connects together. The hybrid control can be implemented using the same hardware commonly used for the existing semiactive dampers.
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Poletkin, Kirill. "A Micromachined Contactless Suspension With Zero Spring Constant." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86465.

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In this paper, a micromachined contactless suspension with a zero spring constant that provides possibility to significantly increasing sensitivity of micromachined sensors is studied. Minimization of the spring constant of the contactless suspension is achieved by combining inductive and electric contactless suspensions. In particular, the conditions required to eliminate the spring constant of the suspension and achieve stable levitation of the disk shaped proof mass are obtained based on the analysis of developed mathematical model of the suspension. It is shown that such a suspension can be developed in principle.
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Song, Xubin, Mehdi Ahmadian, Steve Southfield, and Lane Miller. "Superharmonics-Free Adaptive Semiactive Magneto-Rheological Suspension." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79355.

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This paper focuses on laboratory implementation of a semiactive seat suspension with application of magneto-rheological (MR) dampers. We firstly introduce the nonlinear dynamics phenomena induced with the skyhook control that is now widely applied from structural vibration suppression to commercialized vehicle suspensions. However, superharmonic dynamics has not been clearly addressed in such vibration control systems. This paper tries to explain how superharmonics are created with skyhook controls through testing data analysis. Furthermore, in order to avoid this dynamics issue, this study implements a nonlinear model-based adaptive control into this MR damper based seat suspension. Based on a nonparametric MR damper model, the adaptive algorithm is expanded mathematically, and the system stability is discussed. Then in the following sections, this paper describes implementation procedures such as modeling simplification and validation, and testing results. Through the laboratory testing, the adaptive suspension is compared to two passive suspensions: hard-damping (stiff) suspension with max current of 1A to the MR damper, and low-damping (soft) suspension with minimum of 0A, while broadband random excitations are applied with respect to the seat suspension resonant frequency in order to test the adaptability of the adaptive control. Furthermore, mass and spring rate are assumed known and unknown for this adaptive controller to investigate the capability of this algorithm with the simplified model, respectively. Finally the comparison of testing results is presented to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed adaptive algorithm to eliminate the superharmonics from the MR seat suspension.
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Xie, Yilong, Bohuan Tan, Jingang Liu, Hai Li, and Xingui Tan. "Research on Switchable Energy-Regenerative Suspension System." In SAE 2023 Intelligent Urban Air Mobility Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7081.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electromagnetic energy-regenerative suspension can convert the kinetic energy generated by the suspension vibration into electrical energy for energy recovery. However, most research has focused on achieving maximum energy-regenerative efficiency without simultaneously considering the suspension’s damping control, leading to suboptimal vibration damping performance. This paper proposes a novel switchable energy-regenerative suspension (SERS) system, which includes an electromagnetic damper (EMD) and a switchable circuit. First, a detailed description of the mechanical structure and the switchable circuit structure of SRES, and their working principles, is provided. Within the switchable circuit, a double-throw switch is used to connect the damping control module and the energy recovery module. Based on this, the system can switch between these two modules, balancing both vibration damping performance and energy recovery functionalities. Then, corresponding dynamic model is developed. In the damping control model, adjusting the resistance value of the load resistor can alter the system’s damping to achieve better vibration damping performance and enhance driving comfort. In the energy recovery module, adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal input to the MOSFET can maintain a stable output voltage, ensuring a continuous and smooth power supply to the energy storage device. In order to obtained a better vibration damping performance, a dynamic controller for adjusting damping is designed. The simulation analysis is conducted, which demonstrates the proposed SERS system can significantly improve vibration damping performance of suspensions and shows excellent energy recovery performance.</div></div>
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Reports on the topic "Suspension"

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Leung-Gagné, Melanie, Jennifer McCombs, Caitlin Scott, and Daniel Losen. Pushed out: Trends and disparities in out-of-school suspension. Learning Policy Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/235.277.

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During the 1990s and early 2000s, federal and state policies encouraged the implementation of zero-tolerance policies across the country, which helped fuel an overall increase in the use of suspension and expanded racial disparities in suspension. Recent changes in policy and practice have begun to shift educators away from exclusionary discipline, and we review those changes and trends in this report. We examine out-of-school suspension data from the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC), tracking trends over time. We also assess differences in suspension rates of students based on their race and ethnicity, school level, and disability status. We present data at national and state levels, and because out-of-school suspensions are concentrated in secondary schools, we focus our state-level findings on secondary school students. We explore the ways in which changes in suspension rates may be related to changes in policy, and we make recommendations for additional strategies to reduce school exclusion for all students, and in particular for those who have disproportionately experienced its negative effects.
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Kuennen, Benjamin C., and John R. Buhrman. Pilot Harness Suspension Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430990.

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Glen, Andrew, and Heather Pennington. Surrogate Suspension-Resuspension Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1678828.

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Schunk, Peter Randall, Jonathon Higdon, and Steven Chen. Next Generation Suspension Dynamics Algorithms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173210.

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Hoogterp, Francis B., Andrea C. Wray, Scott Garabedian, Kevin Brown, and Richard Davis. Compressible Fluid Suspension Performance Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421579.

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Fogle, R. Tank Riser Suspension System Conceptual Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804061.

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Mahyuddin, Andi Isra, and Pulung Nurprasetio. Design Calculation of Vehicle Suspension System. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0181.

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Kalberer, Jennifer L., and Leo W. Davis. P-18 Suspension Roll Stability Test. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377849.

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Appleton, Arthur E. Suspension of Concessions in the Services Sector. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ds_ip_20090416.

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He, J. L., D. M. Rote, and H. T. Coffey. Study of Japanese electrodynamic-suspension maglev systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10150166.

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