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Journal articles on the topic 'Suspending agent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Piriyaprasarth, Suchada, Vipaluk Patomchaiviwat, Pornsak Sriamornsak, Nate Seangpongchawal, Prachya Katewongsa, Preeyanuch Akeuru, Paranee Srijarreon, and Piyarat Suttiphratya. "Evaluation of Yam (Dioscorea sp.) Starch and Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) Starch as Suspending Agent in Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.362.

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the applicability of yam (Dioscorea sp.) starch and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch as suspending agents in suspension. Paracetamol was used as a model drug because of its low solubility. It was found that the optimal concentration as suspending agent in paracetamol suspension was in the range of 7-8% for yam starch and 5-6% for arrowroot starch. All formulations were stable within the period of study with pH of 5.4-6.9. These results were comparable to those obtained from the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium CMC) which is a common suspending agent. It could be concluded that yam starch and arrowroot starch showed suspending activity in paracetamol suspension and could be applied as commercial suspending agent.

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2

G Kalaskar, Mohan, Vishal S Bagul, Sandip D. Firke, Md Mujeeb G. Khan, Kapil M. Agrawal, Piyush R. Joshi, and Sanjay J. Surana. "Isolation and Evaluation of Tamarind Seed Coat Mucilage as Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 5, 2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07141.

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Natural polymers, specifical mucilages, have been used as a suspending agent for a long period of time. Natural excipients can serve as an alternative to synthetic products since they are less expensive, less toxic, and devoid of environmental pollution. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mucilage isolated from Tamarindusindica (Fabaceae) seed coat, commonly named tamarind, as an innovative suspending agent. Paracetamol suspensions (10% w/v) were prepared using the T. indica seed coat mucilage as a suspending agent, and it was evaluated for parameters like physical stability, sedimentation profile, dispersibility, and flow property. Furthermore, it was assessed for its stability. The effect of the tested mucilage on the suspension was compared with commonly used suspending agents, i.e. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v. The results obtained indicated that the T. indica seed coat mucilage could be used as a suspending agent.

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3

Babar, Dr Vishal Bharat, Shivaraj Sopan Dhage, Amit Vilas Pondkule, and Sudarshan Nagarale. "Natural mucilage as suspending agent." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Life Science 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27072827.2020.v1.i2a.19.

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Mengesha, Yohannes, Abdu Tuha, Yimer Seid, and Admassu Assen Adem. "Evaluation of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Mucilages as a Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634275.

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Natural polymers, specifically mucilages, have been used as a suspending agent for a long period of time. Natural excipients can serve as an alternative to synthetic products since they are less expensive, less toxic, and devoid of environmental pollution. There are many species of Aloe found in Ethiopia which can be used as a source of mucilage. In this study, mucilage from Aloe weloensis, which is found in Wollo floristic region, was extracted and tested as a suspending agent at different suspending agent concentrations and compared with standard suspending agents (acacia and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC)) by formulating zinc oxide suspension. The mucilage obtained from Aloe weloensis leaves has shown comparable suspending agent ability with acacia. The rate of sedimentation and viscosity was higher at 1% and 4% mucilage concentrations than acacia though the difference was not significant ( p > 0.05 ). The suspension was slightly basic and easily dispersible than NaCMC. Suspensions formulated from NaCMC were superior in terms of viscosity and sedimentation volume which was significantly different ( p < 0.05 ) accompanied by lower flow rates than suspensions formulated from acacia and Aloe weloensis mucilages. The results suggested that Aloe weloensis mucilage could be used as an alternative suspending agent.

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5

Wolford, John, G. Lindner, M. Salyani, C. A. Martin, and S. W. Dean. "Attapulgite as a Thixotropic Suspending Agent." Journal of ASTM International 4, no. 10 (2007): 100396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai100396.

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6

Woldu, Gebremariam, Berhe Baymot, Desta Tesfay, and Gebre Teklemariam Demoz. "Evaluation of Aloe elegans Mucilage as a Suspending Agent in Paracetamol Suspension." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5058372.

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Background. There are various natural excipients which have been used as suspending agents in pharmaceutical suspensions due to the presence of mucilage in their specialized cells and their capacity to form a colloidal gel in an aqueous medium. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suspending capacity of Aloe elegans mucilage in suspension formulations. Materials and Methods. Aloe elegans mucilage (AEM) was evaluated as a suspending agent in comparison with xanthan gum (XG) in paracetamol suspensions at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% ( w / v ) concentrations. The resulting suspensions were evaluated for their sedimentation volume, apparent viscosity, flow rate, rate of redispersibility, pH, assay, and dissolution profile. Results. The volume of sedimentation, apparent viscosity, and redispersibility rate of the formulations were significantly increased ( p < 0.05 ), with the concentration of the suspending agents. Meanwhile, the apparent viscosity for all formulations has significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ) with an increase in shear rates. Volume of sedimentation, apparent viscosity, and redispersibility degree of the formulations prepared with AEM were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lower than XG-containing formulations at the same concentration. Nevertheless, the sedimentation volume of all formulations with AEM was significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than the suspension without any suspending agent. With regard to drug content and pH values, all formulations showed an acceptable result with the standards. All formulations showed a release of greater than 85% of drug content within 45 min. Conclusion. Aloe elegans mucilage could have a potential to be utilized as an alternative suspending agent in pharmaceutical suspensions.

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7

Haile, Tsadkan Gebremeskel, Gereziher Gebremedhin Sibhat, Ebisa Tadese, Desta Tesfay, and Fantahun Molla. "Evaluation of Grewia ferruginea Hochst ex A. Rich Mucilage as Suspending Agent in Metronidazole Benzoate Suspension." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7612126.

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Various species of the genus Grewia have been investigated for different pharmaceutical applications as excipients, yet a study on the potential use of Grewia ferruginea mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent is lacking. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Grewia ferruginea mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspension. The suspensions were prepared using 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% w / v of GFM and compared with suspensions prepared from xanthan gum (XGM) and sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (SCMC) in similar concentrations. The prepared suspensions were evaluated for visual appearance, pH, rheology, sedimentation volume, redispersibility, degree of flocculation, and in vitro drug release profile. Stability study was done at different storage conditions for three months. The results indicated that all the prepared suspension formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow characteristics with viscosity imparting ability of the suspending agents in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC ( p < 0.05 ). The flow rate and redispersibility of the formulations prepared with GFM were significantly lower than those with SCMC and higher than those prepared with XGM. At 0.5% w / v suspending agent concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations was in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC ( p < 0.05 ). However, at all other concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations prepared with GFM had similar results with XGM but exhibited significantly higher sedimentation volume than SCMC. The formulations with GFM showed a higher degree of flocculation at 0.5% w / v concentration but were comparable at 1.5% w / v with XGM containing formulations. The pH, assay, and in vitro release profile of all assessed formulations were within the pharmacopial limit. Thus, based on the finding of this study, it can be concluded that Grewia ferruginea bark mucilage has the potential to be utilized as a suspending agent in suspension formulations.

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Krishna, Anjali, and Shan Mohanan. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUID ORAL SUSPENSION OF PARACETAMOL USING NEWLY ISOLATED AND CHARACTERIZED HYGROPHILA SPINOSA SEED MUCILAGE AS SUSPENDING AGENT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.28856.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate and evaluate the suspending property of newly isolated, purified, and characterized Hygrophila spinosa seed mucilage in liquid oral suspensions of paracetamol.Methods: Isolation of mucilage from H. spinosa seeds was done by maceration process, and then it was characterized by phytochemical screening, solubility, pH, swelling index, flow rate, viscosity, loss on drying, and cytotoxicity. The characterized mucilage was then used as a suspending agent for the preparation of suspensions containing paracetamol as a model drug. The prepared formulations were then evaluated for different parameters such as sedimentation volume, redispersibility, flow rate, pH, viscosity, and other physical examination.Results: The isolated mucilage is a polysaccharide with no impurities and nontoxic in nature. It has got enough swellability and good viscosity. The prepared suspensions were evaluated, and the results such as sedimentation volume, redispersibility, flow rate, pH, viscosity, and other physical examination showed its suspending property.Conclusion: The study revealed that a lesser amount of H. spinosa seed mucilage can produce a good suspension. By this study, it could be find out that a 1/5th quantity of mucilage (0.2%) is only required to prepare a suspension of paracetamol when compared with suspensions prepared of compound tragacanth (1%) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) as suspending agents. Thus, by this study, it can be stated that the mucilage from H. spinosa possesses all the criteria needed by a standard suspending agent.

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9

Kittipongpatana, O. S., and J. Sirithunyalug. "Development of Suspending Agent from Sodium Carboxymethyl Mungbean Starches." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 32, no. 7 (January 2006): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639040500529978.

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10

Brhane, Yonas. "Evaluation of Carboxymethylated Plectranthus edulis Starch as Suspending Agent in Metronidazole Benzoate Suspension Formulation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 12, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 4672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.8.

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Carboxymethylated Plectranthus edulis, Vatke (P. edulis) [fam., Lamiaceae] starch was evaluated as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspensions in comparison with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) at concentration range of 1-4% (w/v). The resulting suspensions were evaluated for their sedimentation volume (%), degree of flocculation, rheology, redispersibility, and dissolution rate. Stability studies were performed for 3 months. The apparent viscosities of the formulations prepared with carboxymethylated P. edulis starch at reaction condition E (CMPS-E) was significantly lower than that of NaCMC (p < 0.05). The flowability of the suspensions, at all concentration levels of the suspending agents, were in the order of CMPS-E > NaCMC. AT 1% concentrations, carboxymethylated P. edulis starch (76 ± 1.5%) provided significantly higher (p < 0.05) sedimentation volume than NaCMC (40 ± 1.5%). At 3% and 4%, both gave comparable sedimentation volume (100%). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) employed as a flocculating agent significantly increased (p < 0.05) the sedimentation volume of the suspensions prepared with carboxy-methylated P.edulis starch and NaCMC. The redispersibilities of CMPS-E was better than those of NaCMC. All suspensions showed a release of greater than 85% of drug within 1 h. The results of stability studies showed that all suspension formulations were stable. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that carboxymethylated P. edulis starch could be used as an alternative suspending agent.

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11

Jiang, Zheng Wu, Hong Feng Luo, and Zhu Jun Li. "The Effect of Suspension Casting on the Properties of Fly-Ash Particle Reinforced Al Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.794.

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The effect of suspension casting on the properties of fly-ash particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites is studied in this paper. The result shows that adding suspending agent with the same composition of aluminum matrix ,can improve the microstructure of aluminum matrix composites contain 5vol% fly-ash particle when addition temperature is 800°Cand addition quantity of suspending agent is 3%. The hardness and wear-resistance of fly-ash particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can be increased by 13.10% and 20.10%.

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12

Kumbi, Shimelis, Anteneh Belete, and Tsige Gebre-Mariam. "Preparation and evaluation of carboxymethyl dioscorea starch as suspending agent." Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal 35, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/epj.v35i1.3.

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13

Guo, Jun, Guobin Cai, Yan Jin, Xuezhao Zheng, and Yin Liu. "An Improved Composite Fly Ash Gel to Extinguish Underground Coal Fire in Close Distance Coal Seams: A Case Study." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 29, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5695471.

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Fire extinguishing with the superior performance of fly ash composite colloid material is a cost-effective colloid fire prevention technology. In this paper, a new powder additive (suspending agent (XK-XJ) and gelling agent) was developed for the existing fire extinguishing technology of fly ash compound colloid. Tests show that the best additions to the fly ash slurry were 0.3% and 0.1∼0.3%, respectively. The grouting technical scheme of adding a suspending agent on the ground and gelling agent downhole was proposed to solve the problems of solid material settlement and blockage in the long-distance pipeline transportation process. Finally, the optimized fly ash colloid fire prevention and extinguishing technology was successfully applied to the fire control engineering examples of close-range coal seam groups, and the rationality of the developed powder and its proportion was tested, and the feasibility in coal fire control was tested.

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14

Rani, Karina Citra, Nani Parfati, Deviati Muarofah, and Sovia Navacatus Sacharia. "Formulasi Granul Effervescent Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dengan Variasi Suspending Agent Xanthan Gum, CMC-Na, dan Kombinasi CMC-Na-Mikrokristalin Selulosa RC- 591." Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 7, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.7.1.39-51.2020.

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Herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) merupakan simplisia tanaman obat yang selama ini digunakan masyarakat dalam bentuk air rebusan. Formulasi herba meniran dalam bentuk granul effervescent dengan penambahan suspending agent merupakan salah satu bentuk inovasi minuman fungsional. Jenis suspending agent yang digunakan dalam formula memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik granul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan jenis suspending agent xanthan gum (formula 1), CMC-Na (formula 2), dan kombinasi CMC-Na-mikroskristalin selulosa RC-591 (formula 3) dengan konsentrasi 1% terhadap karakteristik fisika dan kimia granul effervescent sebelum dan sesudah direkonstitusi. Formulasi granul effervescent herba meniran dilakukan dengan metode granulasi basah. Komponen asam dan basa digranulasi secara terpisah kemudian kedua komponen dicampur menggunakan tumbling mixer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa granul effervescent yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan dengan persentase fines sebesar 1,02-2,02%; kandungan lembap 3,76±0,13%-3,82±0,30%; kecepatan alir 7,85±0,10-10,92±0,04 g/detik; sudut istirahat 31,12±0,75-34,12±0,75°; waktu dispersi 66,95±5,50-70,26±0,03 detik; tinggi buih 3,01±0,12-3,22±0,25 cm; viskositas 222,0-242 cps; pH 6,73±0,10-6,91±0,01. Formula 1 merupakan formula terbaik karena menghasilkan waktu dispersi yang cepat, dispersi yang halus, dan viskositas yang lebih tinggi. Hasil evaluasi organoleptis dan sensori menunjukkan bahwa formula granul effervescent dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima oleh panelis.

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Kusumowati, Ika Trisharyanti Dian. "UJI STABILITAS FISIK DAN DAYA ANTIBAKTERI SUSPENSI ERITROMISIN DENGAN SUSPENDING AGENT PULVIS GUMMI ARABICI." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v12i2.30.

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Eritromisin adalah salah satu antibiotik golongan makrolida yang tidak larut dalam air, sehingga dibuat dalam sediaan suspensi. Untuk membuat suspensi stabil dalam penyimpanan salah satu caranya adalah dengan meningkatkan viskositas suspensi yaitu dengan penambahan suspending agent salah satunya adalah PGA (Pulvis Gummi Arabici). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik (volume sedimentasi, mudah tidaknya dituang, ukuran partikel, viskositas, dan redispersibilitas) dan daya anti bakteri suspensi eritromisin dengan PGA sebagai suspending agent. Suspensi dibuat 3 formula dengan perbedaan konsentrasi suspending agent (PGA). Formula I dengan konsentrasi PGA 5%, formula II konsentrasi PGA 7,5% dan formula III dengan konsentrasi PGA 10%. Uji stabilitas fisik dan daya antibakteri dianalisis dengan diuji distribusi normalnya dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov yang dilanjutkan dengan uji anava dua jalan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan t-test. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik suspensi eritromisin, formula yang paling baik adalah formula 1 dengan konsentrasi PGA 5% karena memiliki ukuran partikel yang kecil dan konstan selama penyimpanan, volume sedimentasi yang terbentuk lambat, memberikan waktu tuang dan waktu suspensi untuk terdispersi kembali, cepat. Suspensi eritromisin konsentrasi 5%; 7,5% dan 10% memberikan hasil daya hambat yang sama terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Suspensi eritromisin konsentrasi 7,5% memberikan diameter hambat yang konstan selama penyimpanan. Kata kunci: suspensi, Eritromisin, Pulvis Gummi Arabici, Staphylococcus aureus

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Hao, Zhi Hui, Ke Feng Xiao, and Lei Lei Wang. "Screening of Additives for Preparing 5% Toltrazuril Suspension Concentrate." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.69.

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Suitable additives are the essential parts of 5% toltrazuril suspension concentrate. This paper mainly focused on screening additives for preparing 5% toltrazuril suspension concentrate. Results show that xanthan gum is a suitable suspending agent, 1,2-propanediol is optimal wetting agent, and citric acid act excellently as flocculant.

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17

Deshmukh, S. S., Y. S. Katare, S. S. Shyale, S. S. Bhujbal, S. D. Kadam, D. A. Landge, D. V. Shah, and J. B. Pawar. "Isolation and Evaluation of Mucilage of Adansonia digitata Linn as a Suspending Agent." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2013 (December 24, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/379750.

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Natural excipients can serve as alternative to synthetic products because of local accessibility, biodegradability, eco-friendly nature and cost effectiveness as compared to synthetic products. Therefore, it is a current need to explore natural excipients that can be used as an effective alternative excipient for the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Adansonia digitata (Malvaceae) has been traditionally used as febrifuge, antiasthmatic and also in the treatment of dysentery, smallpox, and measles. Reports have indicated that mucilage of the leaves of the plant is edible and nontoxic; hence, the present study is an attempt of isolation and evaluation of mucilage obtained from leaves of Adansonia digitata as suspending agent. Various physicochemical as well as suspending agent properties of mucilage were studied. Mucilage obtained from leaves has shown comparable results with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose.

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Onyishi, Ikechukwu V., Salome A. Chime, and Ifeoma Kanu. "Application of Ipomoea batatas starch as suspending agent in acetaminophen suspension." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp12.1310.

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19

Shahjahan, M., and I. Islam. "Preliminary Evaluation of Shilajit as a Suspending Agent in Antacid Suspensions." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 24, no. 11 (January 1998): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049809089957.

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20

Pant, Sumedha, Rishabha Malviya, and Pramod Sharma. "Extraction and Characterization of Moringo olifera Gum as Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Natural Products Journal 5, no. 2 (July 2, 2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315505999150610165707.

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GRUND, F., H. T. SOMMERSCHILD, K. A. KIRKEBØEN, and A. ILEBEKK. "Cardiovascular effects of the microsphere suspending agent, Tween 80, in pigs." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 155, no. 3 (November 1995): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09982.x.

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22

Osunade, O., and R. D. Oloritun. "MOBILE AGENT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT IN A SIMPLE JAVA-BASED MOBILE AGENT SYSTEM (SIMMAS)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2013): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v7i2.3458.

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As network information resources grew in size, it was most efficient to process queries and updates at the site where the data was located. The processing accomplished by a traditional client-server network interface constrained the client to the set of queries supported by the server, or required the server to send all data to the client for processing. The former was inflexible and the latter was inefficient. Mobile agents support the movement of the client computation to the location of the remote resource. It has the potential to be flexible and efficient. Mobile agents are capable of suspending their execution, transporting themselves to another host on a network, and resuming execution from the point at which they were suspended. Mobile agents consume fewer network resources and support systems that do not have permanent network connections, such as mobile computers and personal digital assistants. This work described a prototype java based mobile agent environment for the development and deployment of mobile agent applications. The prototype called SIMMAS allowed programmer-developed applications to inherit mobility.

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Kusumowati, Ika Trisharyanti Dian. "FORMULASI SUSPENSI SIPROFLOKSASIN DENGAN SUSPENDING AGENT PULVIS GUMMI ARABICI DAN DAYA ANTIBAKTERINYA." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v12i1.45.

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Siprofloksasin merupakan antiinfeksi golongan quinolone yang tidak larut dalam air, karena itu sediaannya dibuat dalam bentuk suspensi. Pulvis Gummi Arabici (PGA) merupakan suspending agent yang mudah larut dalam air, tidak merubah konformasi kimia, dan bersifat alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh PGA terhadap stabilitas fisik dan daya antibakteri suspensi siprofloksasin. Suspensi dibuat dengan perbedaan konsentrasi PGA pada tiap formula. Formula I konsentrasi PGA 5,0%, formula II 7,5% dan formula III 10,0%. Suspensi dibuat dengan metode presipitasi. Uji terhadap suspensi siprofloksasin meliputi uji stabilitas fisik (pengukuran volume sedimentasi, viskositas, kemudahan dituang, ukuran partikel, redispersibilitas) dan uji daya antibakteri terhadap Eschericia coli. Pengamatan stabilitas fisik dilakukan tiap hari (hari 1-7) dilanjutkan pada hari terakhir setiap minggunya (2 bulan), pengamatan daya antibakteri dilakukan pada hari ke-1, ke-28, ke-56. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi suspending agent PGA berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik suspensi. Formula I memiliki nilai volume sedimentasi dan nilai viskositas paling kecil, dan kemudahan dituang paling cepat. Ukuran partikel formula I paling besar dan memiliki redispersibilitas paling lama. Formula II memiliki diameter zona hambatan yang paling besar. Formula I, II, dan III setelah penyimpanan selama 2 bulan tetap memiliki aktivitas untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli. Kata kunci : siprofloksasin, Pulvis Gummi Arabici, suspensi, Eschericia colistyle='font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:IN': Citrus reticulata, antiproliferatif, DMBA, AgNOR, c-Myc.

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Pal, Dilipkumar, DiptiRanjan Pany, Biswaranjan Mohanty, and AmitKumar Nayak. "Evaluation of Spinacia oleracea L. leaves mucilage as an innovative suspending agent." Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 1, no. 3 (2010): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0110-5558.72430.

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Ogaji, Ikoni Joshua, and Stephen W. Hoag. "Effect of Grewia Gum as a Suspending Agent on Ibuprofen Pediatric Formulation." AAPS PharmSciTech 12, no. 2 (April 14, 2011): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-011-9606-1.

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Georgiadou, Styliani, and Brian W. Brooks. "Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using sodium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent." Chemical Engineering Science 60, no. 24 (December 2005): 7137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.07.003.

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Georgiadou, Styliani, and Brian W. Brooks. "Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 21 (November 2006): 6892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.07.032.

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Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini. "EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN SUSPENSI DENGAN KOMBINASI SUSPENDING AGENT PGA (Pulvis Gummi Arabici) DAN CMC-Na (Carboxymethylcellulosum Natrium)." Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v1i1.724.

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Suspensi dibuat karena beberapa zat aktif obat mempunyai kelarutan yang praktis tidak larut dalam air, tetapi diperlukan dalam bentuk cair. Konsentrasi PGA sebagai suspending agent adalah 5-10%, namun PGA pada konsentrasi kurang dari 10% memiliki viskositas yang rendah sehingga dapat mempercepat terjadinya sedimentasi. Oleh karena itu PGA dikombinasikan dengan CMC-Na yang merupakan suspending agent yang dapat meningkatkan viskositas serta dapat meningkatkan kestabilan suspensi. Sifat fisik yang diinginkan adalah suspensi memiliki partikel yang tidak cepat mengendap dan mudah diredispersi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik suspensi dengan kombinasi suspending agent PGA dan CMC-Na. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pengolahan data secara deskriptif. Pada penelitian dibuat empat formula yaitu formula I, II, III, dan IV untuk diamati tampilan, warna, bau dan rasa, dihitung kecepatan dan volume sedimentasi yang terbentuk, serta diuji redispersibilitas dari masing-masing formula. Kombinasi PGA dan CMC-Na berturut-turut dari formula I, II, III, dan IV adalah 5% dan 0,25%; 3,75% dan 0,5%; 2,5% dan 0,75%; 1,25% dan 1%. Hasil pengujian kecepatan sedimentasi formula I, II, III, dan IV berturut-turut adalah 0,2318; 0,233; 0,124; dan 0,0021 (cm/menit). Sedangkan hasil pengujian volume sedimentasi adalah 0,031; 0,046; 0,152; dan 0,554. Hasil pengujian redispersibilitas yaitu 0%; 0%; 15%; dan 50%. Formula I dan II merupakan formula dengan sistem kombinasi dimana sistem deflokulasi lebih dominan sedangkan formula III dan IV juga merupakan formula dengan sistem kombinasi tetapi sistem flokulasi lebih dominan. Di akhir pengamatan, pada formula I dan IV tidak ada perubahan bau dan rasa sedangkan pada formula II dan III ada perubahan bau dan rasa.

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Damiano, Ettore, Hao Li, and Wing Suen. "Learning While Experimenting." Economic Journal 130, no. 625 (July 19, 2019): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez043.

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Abstract An agent performing risky experimentation can benefit from suspending it to learn directly about the state. ‘Positive’ information acquisition seeks news that would confirm the state that favours experimentation. It is used as a last-ditch effort when the agent is pessimistic about the risky arm before abandoning it. ‘Negative’ information acquisition seeks news that would demonstrate that experimentation is futile. It is used as an insurance strategy to avoid wasteful experimentation when the agent is still optimistic. A higher reward from risky experimentation expands the region of beliefs that the agent optimally chooses information acquisition rather than experimentation.

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Balkus,, Kenneth J., and Jimin Shi. "A Study of Suspending Agents for Gadolinium(III)-Exchanged Hectorite. An Oral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent." Langmuir 12, no. 26 (January 1996): 6277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la9605100.

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31

Yang, Baogui, Junyu Jin, Xindong Yin, Xiaoyu Wang, and Hongliang Yang. "Effect of Concentration and Suspension Agent (HPMC) on Properties of Coal Gangue and Fly Ash Cemented Filling Material." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643773.

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Cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) mixtures are utilized as the filling materials for backfilling the underground openings in coal mines. The freshly prepared CGFB slurries are commonly transported into the gobs through a pipeline. The mixture ratio of slurry concentration and suspending agent (HPMC) plays an essential role in transporting the slurry to goaf smoothly and efficiently. In this paper, the influence of slurry concentration and HPMC on the performance of coal gangue-fly ash cemented filling material was studied based on the response surface method. The prediction model of CGFB slurry slump flow, segregation rate, and bleeding rate was constructed. It is concluded that the segregation rate and slump flow of slurry are more sensitive to the variation of concentration. On the other hand, the bleeding rate of slurry is more sensitive to the change of HPMC content. Based on the established model, the reasonable mix proportion range of slurry concentration and suspending agent (HPMC) was obtained. In addition, three new CGFB mixtures have been tested, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values.

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32

Darma, Gita Cahya Eka, Wulandari Putri Saraswati, and Esti Rachmawati Sadiyah. "FORMULASI MINUMAN TEPUNG CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister) TERGANULASI DISERTAI UJI DAYA INGATNYA PADA MENCIT JANTAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v1i1.3117.

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Protein is a chemical compound that is important for body. Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister) is known to have high protein content that can be used as alternative protein. This study aimed to determine the activity of earthworm flour in improving memory on mice (Mus musculus) and its formulation in the form of granulated earthworm flour beverage. Memory activity test was performed using Y labyrinth with observation parameter in the form of latency time (second) and number of errors. The optimum dose resulted from the memory test is 325 mg/kg BB which is equivalent to the use of two times the preparation containing 1.25 g of earthworm flour. Optimization of suspending agent was done singly and combination and obtained 3 formulae combination of best suspending agent and then continued to granulation proces. Formula evaluation conducted were organoleptic test, moisture, flow properties, particle size distribution, reconstitution time, redispersion time, sedimentation volume, viscosity, stability, hedonic test and quantitative analysis of protein content. Based of evaluation, one optimum formula was chosen which was, combination of 0,5% CMC-Na, 0,1% Sodium Alginate, 3,75% turmeric powder, 10% white sugar, 3% talk and Mg stearat 1%. The protein contained in the best formula was 26.03%

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Alalor, C. A., and D. K. Obunezie. "Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of carboxymethylated Okra gum as suspending agent in metronidazole suspension." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i1.12.

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34

Ebrahim, Shaker, Moataz Soliman, Mahmoud Shabana, Kamal Mahmoud, and Mohamed Salah. "Electrodeposited CuInS2Using Dodecylbenzene Sulphonic Acid As a Suspending Agent for Thin Film Solar Cell." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/918319.

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35

Li, Pin, Yongping Pu, Zijing Dong, and Pan Gao. "Kaolinite as a Suspending Agent for Preparation of Porous BaTiO3 Ceramics via Freeze Casting." Journal of Electronic Materials 43, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-013-2827-1.

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36

McDevitt, James J., Ka Man Lai, Stephen N. Rudnick, E. Andres Houseman, Melvin W. First, and Donald K. Milton. "Characterization of UVC Light Sensitivity of Vaccinia Virus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 18 (July 20, 2007): 5760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00110-07.

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ABSTRACT Interest in airborne smallpox transmission has been renewed because of concerns regarding the potential use of smallpox virus as a biothreat agent. Air disinfection via upper-room 254-nm germicidal UV (UVC) light in public buildings may reduce the impact of primary agent releases, prevent secondary airborne transmission, and be effective prior to the time when public health authorities are aware of a smallpox outbreak. We characterized the susceptibility of vaccinia virus aerosols, as a surrogate for smallpox, to UVC light by using a benchtop, one-pass aerosol chamber. We evaluated virus susceptibility to UVC doses ranging from 0.1 to 3.2 J/m2, three relative humidity (RH) levels (20%, 60%, and 80%), and suspensions of virus in either water or synthetic respiratory fluid. Dose-response plots show that vaccinia virus susceptibility increased with decreasing RH. These plots also show a significant nonlinear component and a poor fit when using a first-order decay model but show a reasonable fit when we assume that virus susceptibility follows a log-normal distribution. The overall effects of RH (P < 0.0001) and the suspending medium (P = 0.014) were statistically significant. When controlling for the suspending medium, the RH remained a significant factor (P < 0.0001) and the effect of the suspending medium was significant overall (P < 0.0001) after controlling for RH. Virus susceptibility did not appear to be a function of virus particle size. This work provides an essential scientific basis for the design of effective upper-room UVC installations for the prevention of airborne infection transmission of smallpox virus by characterizing the susceptibility of an important orthopoxvirus to UVC exposure.

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37

Brhane, Yonas. "Evaluation of carboxymethylated plectranthus edulis starch as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspension formulations." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): e0228547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228547.

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38

Khosrowshahi, Sedigheh Mirhoseini, Farhang Abbasi, Naser Harasi, and Behnaz Memar Maher. "Relationships between synthesis parameters and properties of water expandable polystyrene." Journal of Cellular Plastics 49, no. 1 (September 24, 2012): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x12449640.

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Because of the negative environmental impact of volatile hydrocarbon-based blowing agents used in expandable polymers, water has been considered a suitable candidate. Water expandable polystyrene is a polystyrene containing water cells, which may be used as blowing agent. Because of different physical properties of water and volatile hydrocarbons, production conditions and physical properties of expandable polystyrene and water expandable polystyrene are completely different. In this work, water expandable polystyrene was prepared via suspension polymerization of the styrene/polystyrene mixture that contained water droplets as blowing agent. An inverse emulsion system was used to incorporate water into the organic phase. An experimental design was created to investigate the effects of variation of pre-polymerization time, surfactant concentration, suspension stabilizer/suspending agent ratio, suspension stabilizer addition time, and the amount of initial emulsified water on the particle size, distribution of water droplets, and the water content of the final beads. The relationships between the synthesis parameters and the properties of water expandable polystyrene were also studied. Regarding to the expansion behavior of water expandable polystyrene beads, the effect of water content and bead size on the expandability and the foam density were investigated.

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39

Sharma, N., and T. Sinderpal. "Sterculia Gum: Chemical Structure, Composition and Physico-Chemical Properties." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22283.

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Physico-chemical properties are crucial characteristics of hydrocolloids as they decide the applicability of them. Rheology of system, flow behaviour and mechanical properties make hydrocolloids suitable for food industry. Modification of consistency or texture properties of functional polymers also controls their sensory characteristics, thereby they become significant essences such as thickener, gelling agents, foaming agent, texture modifier, viscosifier, emulsifier, stabilizer and binder. Industrial and pharmaceutical applications are also controlled by some suitable physico-chemical properties of hydrocolloids. The polysaccharide gum exudates constitute a architecturally distinct class of complex biomacromolecules having unique physico-chemical properties. Due to their good bio/tissue compatibility, non-toxicity, they are extensively used in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Chemical and molecular architecture of hydrocolloids in turn controls their physico-chemical and functional properties. Sterculia gum is a substituted rhamnogalacturonoglycan (pectic) type exudate gum used as suspending agent, gelling agents, emulsifier, bulk laxative, dental adhesive, drug delivery agent and wound healing agent. It exhibits high water retention capacity, high viscosity and least solubility. Solutions of sterculia gum are viscoelastic and thixotropic. Sterculia gum has been recommended as effective wound dressing material as it can form a intensely adhesive gel when dispersed in minimum ammount of water. Owing to wide applications and distinctive properties of sterculia gum, present work is an endeavor to summarize the molecular organization, chemical configuration and physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum and the factors affecting physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum.

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40

Brhane, Yonas. "Retraction: Evaluation of carboxymethylated plectranthus edulis starch as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspension formulations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e0254624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254624.

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41

Chincholikar, Manoj R., and Jagdish Rathi. "Formulation and evaluation of gas powered systems of cefdinir tablets for controlled release." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4310.

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The present work is aimed to formulate Cefdinir floating tablets using different hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers like HPMC, Ethyl cellulose, Xanthum gum, guar gum and gas generating agent Sodium bicarbonate. The develop gastro retentive dosage form thatcould retain the agent namely Cefdinir in the stomach for longer periods of time delivering the drug to the site of action, i.e., stomach. HPMC is used as a swelling agent, Guar gum and Xanthum gum is used as binding agent. Ethyl cellulose is used as matrix form agent. PVP is used as a suspending agent. Sodium bicarbonate is used as a gas forming agent. MCC is used as a disintergrant and diluent. Magnesium stearate is used as a lubricant. The prepared Cefdinir tablets will be evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficiency, post compression studies, In-vitro buoyancy studies, swelling index studies, in-vitro dissolution studies, release kinetics, stability studies.All these parameters were found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. Formulation F5 was selected for drug release and stability study on the basis of appropriate results of post compression study.In vitro dissolution study was carried out and showed controlled release pattern. Keywords: Gas Powered Systems, Cefdinir, Controlled release, Floating drug delivery.

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42

Shahshojaei, Mona, Hossein Behniafar, and Masoud Shaabanzadeh. "Preparation and Characterization of Polystyrene/TiO₂ Core-Shell Nanospheres via Suspension Technique." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.120.

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In the present work, at first, nanoTiO2particles in anatase form were effectively surface modified via reacting with NCO groups of 4,4-methylenediphenyl disocyanate (MDI). Secondly, a solution of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (0.1 g) in inhibitor-free styrene (10 g) was poured into a 150 mL flask containing poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspending agent (0.1 g) in deionized water (60 mL) under N2flow, while stirring. The reaction mixture was then heated to 80 °C, and stirred for another 1 h. Next, it was divided to two portions; one for the synthesis of pure PS, and the other for the synthesis of PS/TiO2nanocomposites. Each aqueous portion was individually mixed with dichloromethane in a separating funnel. For PS/TiO2nanocomposites, the organic phase was charged with nanoTiO2particles (MDI-treated and/or untreated) (0.05 g), and then fully homogenized using ultrasonic homogenizer. Methanol non solvent was eventually used to precipitate the products. All samples involving pure PS, PS/surface modified TiO2nanocomposite, and PS/surface unmodified TiO2nanocomposite were thoroughly washed, filtered, and dried in vacuum at 50 °C for 12 h. From SEM images a core-shell relation could be clearly detected between the nanoTiO2particles and PS matrix. Meanwhile, the surface modified TiO2was dispersed into the PS matrix with better homogeneity compared to that of unmodified one. Undoubtedly, beside the surface modification factor, PVA suspending agent as an effective nanosized particle stabilizer, too, played a basic role in this high homogeneity. Also, FT-IR and XRD analyses led to promising results.

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43

Sala, Tito. "Topical Applications of 5-Fluorouracil in the Medical Treatment of Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 73, no. 6 (June 1994): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139407300613.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that aural cholesteatoma features intense DNA turnover in the germinati ve layer of the matrix and an immune response in the wall of the cyst, which trigger a chain reaction. 5-Fluorouracil, an antimetabolitic agent that is also effective topically, was applied to the cyst wall in initial cholesteatoma, in relapsing cholesteatoma (even transtympanically) and in large exudative cavities resulting from attico-antrectomy: in all cases, it inhibited the formation of keratin and reduced the mucous hypersecretion. These results have persisted even after 12 months of suspending treatment.

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44

FEDINA, L. T., R. ZELKÓ, L. I. FEDINA, Z. S. SZABADOS, M. SZÁNTÓ, and G. VAKULYA. "The Effect of Surfactant and Suspending Agent Concentration on the Effective Particle Size of Metered-dose Inhalers." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49, no. 12 (December 1997): 1175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06065.x.

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45

Lu, En-Xian, Zhi-Qiang Jiang, Qi-Zhi Zhang, and Xin-Guo Jiang. "A water-insoluble drug monolithic osmotic tablet system utilizing gum arabic as an osmotic, suspending and expanding agent." Journal of Controlled Release 92, no. 3 (October 2003): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00371-7.

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46

Brhane, Y., A. Belete, and T. Gebre-Mariam. "Evaluation of Local Gum of Acacia polyacantha as a Suspending Agent in Metronidazole Benzoate Suspension Formulations." Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal 30, no. 1 (August 25, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/epj.v30i1.4.

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47

Moghimipour, Eskandar, Maryam Kouchak, Anayatollah Salimi, Saeed Bahrampour, and Somayeh Handali. "The Effect of Polymer Content on the Non-Newtonian Behavior of Acetaminophen Suspension." Journal of Drug Delivery 2013 (September 10, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/907471.

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Acetaminophen is used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The aim of the study was evaluation of the effect of different polymers on rheological behavior of acetaminophen suspension. In order to achieve controlled flocculation, sodium chloride was added. Then structural vehicles such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), tragacanth, and magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum) were evaluated individually and in combination. Physical stability parameters such as sedimentation volume (F), redispersibility (n), and growth of crystals of the suspensions were determined. Also, the rheological properties of formulations were studied. The results of this study showed that the combination of suspending agents had the most physical stability and pseudoplastic behavior with some degree of thixotropy. Viscosity of suspensions was increased by adding NaCl 0.02%. Presence of PVP is necessary for improving rheological behavior of suspensions by NaCl. This may be related to the cross-linking between the carbonyl group in the PVP segment and Na+ ions.

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48

Cai, Ji Wei, Zheng Hang Lü, Gui Xiang Hou, Rui Ying Bai, and Man Man Liu. "Application of Magnetite Mill Tailings and Solvay Distiller Waste in Foamed Concrete In Situ." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1312.

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It is in great request to substitute foamed concrete for organic thermal insulating materials that are inflammable and liberate virulent gases on burning. In current study, felsite powder (powdery magnetite mill tailings) was used as filler and Solvay distiller waste (DW) was used as hardening accelerator for foamed concrete. The results showed that the strength and strength-to-density ratio of foamed concrete in cement-felsite powder system is much higher than those in cement-sand system and cement-lime-sand system. The Solvay distiller waste, suspending agent and polypropylene fiber can improve performances of foamed concrete such as cohesion and strength. DW can reduce shrinkage in forming process of foamed concrete.

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49

Ikoni, Ogaji. "Some physicochemical properties of acetaminophen pediatric suspensions formulated with okra gums obtained from different extraction processes as suspending agent." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 5, no. 1 (2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.80061.

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50

Kaushik, S., and Kamla Pathak. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MONOLITHIC OSMOTIC TABLET OF KETOPROFEN: USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.11437.

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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the monolithic osmotic tablet (MOT) composed of the solid dispersion of ketoprofen (KETO), a poorly water-soluble drug. Solid dispersion technique is generally used for immediate release, as this maximizes the amount of drug absorbed. Sustained release may be obtained by combining solid dispersion technique with MOT so as to increase the therapy efficacy and patient compliance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Solid dispersion of KETO was prepared by using solvent melt method with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, a hydrophilic carrier. The ratio of KETO to PEG 6000 were 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 (%w/w). These solid dispersions were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to ascertain whether there were any physicochemical interactions between drug and carrier.</p><p>The tablet core was prepared by using Polyox N80 (a suspending agent), sodium chloride (an osmotic agent), a solid dispersion consisting of PEG 6000 and KETO followed by a coating of cellulose acetate to make the monolithic osmotic tablet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of DSC and PXRD indicated that the drug was in the amorphous state in solid dispersion when PEG 6000 was used as a carrier. The dissolution rate of the solid dispersion was much faster than those for the corresponding physical mixture and pure drug. The optimized MOT formulations were able to deliver KETO at the constant zero order release, above 95% <em>in vitro</em>, independent to environmental media and stirring rate. The release rate of KETO in the MOT is controlled by osmotic pressure, suspending agent and drug solubility in solid dispersion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The monolithic osmotic tablet containing solid dispersion has great potential in the controlled delivery of ketoprofen, a water-insoluble drug.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Ketoprofen, Monolithic osmotic tablet, Solid dispersion, Water insoluble</p>

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