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Books on the topic 'Survival endpoint'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Emura, Takeshi, Shigeyuki Matsui, and Virginie Rondeau. Survival Analysis with Correlated Endpoints. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3516-7.

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2

Emura, Takeshi, Shigeyuki Matsui, and Virginie Rondeau. Survival Analysis with Correlated Endpoints: Joint Frailty-Copula Models. Springer, 2019.

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3

Emura, Takeshi. Survival Analysis with Correlated Endpoints: Joint Frailty-Copula Models. Springer, 2019.

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4

Emura, Takeshi, Shigeyuki Matsui, Virginie Rondeau, and Yi-Hau Chen. Survival Analysis with Dependent Censoring and Correlated Endpoints: Copula-Based Approaches. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2018.

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5

Dubose, Arielle C., Benjamin D. Lee, and SreyRam Kuy. Improved Survival with Preoperative Radiotherapy in Resectable Rectal Cancer. Edited by SreyRam Kuy and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0009.

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The landmark Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial examined whether preoperative radiation given to patients <80 years of age with resectable rectal cancer impacted rate of local recurrence and survival compared with immediate surgical resection. This trial demonstrated that neoadjuvant radiation therapy decreased rates of local and distant recurrence and improved survival. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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6

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0030.

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Organ transplantation is now a well-established therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. Over the last 20 years, the results of transplantation have improved incrementally for many reasons, including better recipient selection, improved anaesthetic and surgical techniques, the introduction of more effective antiviral agents, and better post-transplant immunosuppressive management. The problem of early graft loss from acute rejection is now uncommon, and the main challenges today are chronic allograft rejection and the side effects of non-specific suppression of the immune response. Randomized clinical trials continue to inform and further improve clinical practice. Because transplantation today is largely successful, the traditional endpoints of 1-year patient and graft survival are no longer sufficient, and more sophisticated endpoints are needed that reflect graft function and quality of life after transplantation. This chapter brings together studies which recognize this need for clinical trials which improve practice and focus on more broadly defined endpoints.
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7

Adile, Claudio. Feeding Tube and Survival Among Patients with Severe Cognitive Impairment (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0022.

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This chapter provides an overview and commentary on the study published by Teno and colleagues in 2012 that analyzed if feeding tube insertion and its timing affect survival in patients with advanced dementia. The study concluded that insertion of feeding tubes, irrespective of the timing of insertion, does not confer a survival benefit. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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8

Kuy, SreyRam, Kai J. Yang, and Anahita Dua. Long-Term Outcomes of Immediate Repair Compared with Surveillance of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Edited by SreyRam Kuy, Wayne Zhang, and Tze-Woei Tan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery examining whether early, prophylactic repair of small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; 4.0 to 5.5 cm) improves 5-year survival. The study found that among patients with a small AAA <5.5 cm in diameter, early surgical intervention confers no survival benefit over initial surveillance. The chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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9

Peake, Sandra L., and Matthew J. Maiden. Management of septic shock in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0298.

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The management of septic shock is a medical emergency. Following prompt recognition, treatment priorities are haemodynamic resuscitation, empirical antimicrobials, urgent control of the source of infection and monitoring the response to therapy. Haemodynamic resuscitation is focused on maintaining an adequate macrocirculation, while also ensuring adequacy of microcirculatory blood flow to the cells. Intravenous fluids and catecholamines have been the mainstay of therapy. However, the amount and type of fluids, choice of vasoactive medications, and the appropriate resuscitation endpoints have been questioned. Greater awareness of the importance of resuscitating the microcirculation and cell function have led to endpoints such as venous O2 saturation and changes in lactate levels becoming resuscitation targets. Urgent definitive treatment of the infection is also crucial. This requires prompt broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy, draining infected collections and removing infected medical devices. Despite extensive research, no new therapies have improved survival from septic shock.
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10

Kwon, Rachel J. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy versus Nodal Observation in Melanoma. Edited by Patrick Borgen and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0025.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical oncology. In patients with melanoma who undergo wide excision, does sentinel lymph node biopsy improve survival versus nodal observation (a “wait-and-watch” approach)? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on sentinel lymph node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma.
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11

Choi, Michael, Eric Simms, and Miguel Burch. Surgical Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Edited by Patrick Borgen and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0027.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical oncology. Does a D2 lymphadenectomy improve disease recurrence and survival compared to a D1 lymphadenectomy in patients with resectable primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach? Starting with that question, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, criticisms and limitations. The chapter also briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case regarding a woman with potentially resectable proximal gastric cancer.
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12

Jain, Monica. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Outcomes. Edited by Patrick Borgen and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0029.

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This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study in surgical oncology. What characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) predict survival and disease recurrence? Starting with this question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses the implications, and concludes with a clinical vignette to display how the study’s findings can be clinically applied to a sample patient.
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13

Kwon, Rachel J. Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection versus Complete Axillary Dissection in Invasive Breast Cancer. Edited by Patrick Borgen and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0022.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in breast surgical oncology: the Z0011 trial. In patients with invasive breast cancer and positive sentinel lymph nodes, does complete axillary lymph node dissection improve survival relative to sentinel node dissection alone? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving axillary dissection versus sentinel lymph node biopsy only.
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14

McLeon, Kelly. Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin as Adjuvant Treatment for Colon Cancer. Edited by SreyRam Kuy and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0011.

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The landmark MOSAIC trial examined whether the addition of oxaliplatin to a postoperative adjuvant treatment regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin affected disease-free survival from colon cancer. The MOSAIC trial established the efficacy of FOLFOX over 5-FU/LV as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer and established FOLFOX4 as the reference standard for adjuvant treatment for stage III disease. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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15

Tyndall, Alan, and Jacob M. van Laar. Stem cell therapies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0085_update_003.

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Since the start of the international project in 1997, over 2000 patients have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), mostly autologous, as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease, with overall 85% 5-year survival and 43% progression-free survival. Around 30% of patients in all disease subgroups had a complete response, often durable despite full immune reconstitution. In many cases, e.g. systemic sclerosis, morphological improvement such as reduction of skin collagen and normalization of microvasculature was documented, beyond any predicted known effects of intense immunosuppression alone. It is hoped that the results of the three running large prospective randomized controlled trials will allow modification of the protocols to reduce the high transplant-related mortality which relates to regimen intensity, age of patient, and comorbidity. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been recently tested in various autoimmune diseases, exploiting their immune modulating properties and apparent low acute toxicity. MSC display immune privilege in that the patient requires no immunosuppression prior to allogeneic MSC infusion. Despite encouraging many small phase I/II studies, only 2 prospective controlled trials which achieved their primary endpoints have been published.
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16

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Gastroenterology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0008.

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Over the last two decades, there has been a marked improvement in the quality of study design and statistical rigour of gastroenterology studies. However, the complexity of gastroenterological problems has limited the size of the studies. Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease has been a therapeutic landmark in therapeutics in gastroenterology, not only for increasing the sophistication in study design, but also for stimulating debate on fundamental goals of therapy. In hepatology, antiviral therapy has established large and robust multinational randomized controlled trials. Interventions in hepatology are now judged by their effect on hard clinical endpoints, including long-term survival. Clinical gastroenterology has matured into a specialty that challenges both the intellect and dexterity. This chapter highlights the evidence base for some of the most crucial developments in gastroenterology.
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17

Pearce, F. Ben, Tze-Woei Tan, and Wayne W. Zhang. Endovascular Aneurysm Repair versus Open Repair in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Edited by SreyRam Kuy, Wayne Zhang, and Tze-Woei Tan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0003.

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This chapter provides a summary of the landmark EVAR Trial 1, which compared endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with open repair in patients judged to be fit for both open and endovascular repair. Although endovascular AAA (EVAR) repair was associated with lower perioperative complications and mortality than open surgical repair, after 4 years of follow-up the outcomes of the two approaches were similar. Follow-up at 15 years found EVAR had inferior late survival, necessitating lifelong surveillance of EVAR and reintervention if necessary. The chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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18

Lameire, Norbert, Wim Van Biesen, and Raymond Vanholder. Overall outcomes of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0237_update_001.

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This chapter describes the overall short- and long-term, mainly non-renal outcomes of patients who suffer from acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite increasing age and greater burden of co-morbidity at the occurrence of AKI, patient mortality shows an overall decline over time. However, relatively ‘mild’ forms of AKI (i.e. defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine of at least 0.3 mg/dL (26.4 µmol/L)) are associated with statistically significant decreased patient survival. The absolute mortality rates of AKI vary according to the different patient groups studied (intensive care unit, hospital, and population based), differences in parameters used for the criteria of AKI, differences in acquisition of baseline serum creatinine, differences between need of renal replacement therapy or not, and timing of endpoints (in-hospital mortality, 30 days, 60 days, or longer). In many instances, particularly in critically ill patients, AKI occurs in the setting of other diseases, such as sepsis, which are associated with a significant mortality risk. In such cases, AKI appears to amplify the risk of death associated with the underlying disease.
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19

Gnudi, Luigi, Giorgio Gentile, and Piero Ruggenenti. The patient with diabetes mellitus. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0149_update_001.

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About one third of patients with type 1 diabetes develop diabetic nephropathy long-term (usually not before at least 10 years of diabetes), though this proportion is falling as standards of care have risen. Nephropathy is strongly associated with other microvascular complications of diabetes, so that some degree of retinopathy is to be expected, and evidence of neuropathy is common. Patients with type 2 diabetes are equally susceptible, but this is an older group in which vascular disease and other pathologies are also more likely. The rise in type 2 diabetes accounts for diabetes being the most common recorded cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the developed world.Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by a progression through hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria, hypertension, overt proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, loss of GFR, to ESRD. Risk factors for developing it include genetic factors (though no major single gene effects have been identified), and quality of glycaemic control.The risk of progression can at early stages be reduced by improved glycaemic control, and control of hypertension also slows progression. However angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers (ACEi, ARB) are the standard of care for patients with microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria, as they have been shown to reduce the risk of renal endpoints. Combination therapy with both ACEi and ARB together has been associated with a high risk of AKI, hyperkalaemia and other adverse effects so is not generally recommended. Other promising agents in combination are under investigation but none adequately proven at this stage.Patients who reach ESRD have reduced survival on all modalities compared to age-matched patients with other diagnoses. Best rehabilitation and survival for those who are suitable is through renal transplantation, though combined pancreas-renal transplantation may offer still better outcomes for selected patients.
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