Dissertations / Theses: 'Surveying'

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Summerfield, Philip John. "Kinematic GPS surveying." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254471.

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Silva, Antonio Simoes. "Optimisation of surveying monitoring networks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362990.

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Belhassan, Taher K. "A framework for global positioning system (GPS) surveying technology adoption in the Libyan public surveying sector." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26575/.

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A global positioning system (GPS) is an innovative type of technology which can be used to increase efficiency and productivity within the surveying discipline and to produce more accurate results. GPS technology is becoming a very popular and effective tool for surveying purposes worldwide. In developing countries like Libya, this technology has not been adequately implemented. This research is aimed at developing a framework in order to improve the use of GPS surveying technology by the Libyan public surveying sector (LPSS). A critical review of the literature formed an initial conceptual framework. Furthermore, a set of factors were identified and presented in the conceptual framework; these factors were human, organizational and technical factors. The research is qualitative in nature, employing a case study approach and using semi-structured interviews as the main data collection tool within the Libyan public surveying sector. Several tools such as documentation and observations were used in order to achieve triangulation. This approach allowed revisions to be made to the theoretical framework derived from the literature by the researcher. A series of in-depth interviews were subsequently conducted with the Libyan Survey Department personnel to validate the factors and refine the conceptual framework in the context of the Libyan public surveying sector. The contribution of the research is to develop a framework to help the Libyan public surveying sector to establish a strategic policy to improve the use of GPS surveying technology in the Libyan public surveying sector (LPSS).

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Purser, James Joblin. "The development of a remote surveying vehicle for surveying in hazardous hard-rock underground mining operations." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506137.

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Chu, Chung-keung Dominic. "The marketing strategies of professional surveying consultancy firms in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13302413.

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Murray, G. A. "Investigation into fire safety surveying procedures." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618642.

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Lambert, Mark. "Surveying geopolitical terrains : mapping strategic boundaries /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl222.pdf.

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Lotter, Norman Owen. "Statistical benchmark surveying of production concentrators." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100646.

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The sampling and analysis of sulphide mineral processing plants is addressed in this study. A review of the published literature has shown that the foundations of this topic were laid in the 1970's, but typically a single sampling test was performed, and its representativity accepted provided its metallurgical balance closed without excessive adjustments. There was no mention made of quality control or equivalent tests of representativity of the feed material during sampling tests. No recognition of the effect(s) of ore grade on metallurgical performance was given.
In this study, a quantitative model, called a statistical benchmark survey, is presented. Multiple surveys are completed over a limited time; the corresponding stream samples of the surveys deemed acceptable are combined to obtain high confidence composite samples. The head grade of each survey is compared to two distributions to test its acceptability, typically at a 95% confidence level. These distributions are called the Internal Reference Distribution and the External Reference Distribution.
The first test---on the Internal Reference Distribution---uses the Sichel t-estimator, a lognormal model designed for use on small data sets, on the set of six survey unit head grades. The associated confidence limits of this mean grade are equivalent to two standard errors of the distribution, but are skewed about the sample mean. The second test, this time by the External Reference Distribution, also uses a lognormal platform, designed by Krige, but uses larger data sets from 1-3 months of shift sample head grades. The associated confidence limits of this second model are also skewed, but are wider than for the Sichel model, and are equivalent to two standard deviations of the sample mean. This outlier rejection model produces ore grade estimates that are in good agreement with the more robust External Reference Distribution means.
The Raglan Mine case study is used to illustrate that ore grades in situ are highly lognormal; this lognormality is also present in the time domain in head samples (taken at the cyclone overflow), but is less pronounced (i.e. residual).
Two survey models are presented. The benchmark model describes typical operations. The campaign model specifically chooses ore types that are mined and milled in a specific week of operations for predictive or diagnostic purposes.
The multiple mineral hosting of nickel across three orders of magnitude extends this problem into that of a compound distribution. The construction and use of an External Reference Distribution to estimate the mean and associated skew confidence limits of this compound distribution is shown for both drill core and ore milled (the latter in a case of residual lognormality). A trial decomposition of the spatial External Reference Distribution is discussed. The heterogeneous nickel mineral hosting in ore, after processing, becomes an artificially controlled final concentrate, containing most of the economic nickel sulphides in a normal distribution, and most of the uneconomic nickel minerals in a final tailing with a residually bimodal lognormal distribution.
The presence of bimodal lognormality in final tailing data may have historical or predictive uses: at Raglan, flowsheet improvements and more seasoned operations contributed to the decrease in the mean of both the low-grade and high-grade modes, and increase the contribution of the low-grade mode.

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Grinker, Barry. "Accuracy of shipborne kinematic GPS surveying." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26341.

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Hargreaves, Gerald Henry. "Roman surveying on continuous linear constructions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337721.

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Davison, M. "Refraction effects in precise surveying measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378767.

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Cooper, S. M. "Computer aided mine surveying and planning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381205.

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Greed, Clara H. "The position of women in surveying." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57301/.

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Chartered surveyors provide professional advice on all aspects of land use and development. Only 3% of surveyors are women, but they comprise over 15% of students. This study Investigates surveyors' attitudes towards women In the profession and society, and the implications for the nature of the built environment. A theoretical basis and model are developed, centred around the concept of a surveying subculture. The historical development of women's position In surveying is traced. The present day nature of surveying education and practice is Investigated based on a qualitative* sociological approach, using ethnographic methods and unstructured Interviewing. Examples from these sources are used to build up an Image of the subculture. to highlight conceptual linkages, and to illustrate the processes which determine women's vertical and horizontal progression and role, emphasising all the 'little' occurrences which are the building blocks of the subcultural edifice vis A vis women. Whilst these spatial (social) factors are central In Influencing what is built'. surveyors' 'spatial' attitudes to different land uses are also considered. The male majority obviously has the greater Influence on the built environment, but it was found that 'more' women entering does not necessarily mean 'better' or 'different'. Class could be as significant as gender: those who are the "right type" may be described as bourgeois feminist who seek to succeed in a man's world rather than alter It. Changes must be made within the organisational structure of the profession to enable more women to reach senior positions, and In surveyors" attitudes towards women and their needs. In order to alter the nature of the built environment for the benefit of Women whilst acknowledging the need to take fully into account the differences between and among women, as well as between man and women.

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Lewis, Amy Jeannette. "Surveying Underwater Shipwrecks with Probabilistic Roadmaps." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2059.

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Almost two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered in ocean, and yet, only about 5% of it is mapped. There are an unknown amount of sunken ships, planes, and other artifacts hidden below the sea. Extensive search via boat and a sonar tow fish following a standard lawnmower pattern is used to identify sites of interest. Then, if a site has been determined to potentially be historically significant, the most common next step is a survey by either a human dive team or remotely operated vehicle. These are time consuming, error prone, and potentially dangerous options, but autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are a possible solution. This thesis introduces a system for automatically generating paths for AUVs to survey and map shipwrecks. Most AUVs include software to set a lawnmower path for a given region of ocean, and individualized paths can be set via specifying GPS encoded nodes for the AUV to pass through. This thesis presents an algorithm for generating an individualized path that permits the AUV, equipped with a camera to "see" all sides of a region of interest (i.e. a shipwreck). This allows the region of interest to be completely documented. Photogrammetry can then be used to reconstruct a three-dimensional model, but a path is needed to do so. Paths are generated by a probabilistic roadmap algorithm that uses a rapidly-exploring random tree to quickly cover the volume of exploration space and generate small maps with good coverage. The roadmap is constructed out of nodes, each having its own weight. The weight of a given node is calculated using an objective function which measures an approximate view coverage by casting rays from the virtual view and intersecting them with the region of interest. In addition, the weight of a node is increased if this node allows the AUV to see a new side of the region of interest. In each iteration of the algorithm, a node to expand off of is selected based off its location in space or its high weight, a new node with a given amount of freedom is generated, and then added to the roadmap. The algorithm has degrees of freedom in position, pitch, and yaw as well as the objective function to encourage the path to see all sides of the region of interest. Once all sides of the region of interest have been viewed, a path is determined to be complete. The algorithm was tested in a virtual world where the virtual camera acted as the AUV. All of the images collected from our automatically generated path were used to create 3D models and point clouds using photogrammetry. To measure the effectiveness of our paths versus the pre-packaged lawnmower paths, the 3D models and point clouds created from our algorithm were compared to those generated from running a standard lawnmower pattern. The paths generated by our algorithm captured images that could be used in a 3D reconstruction which were more detailed and showed better coverage of the region of interest than those from the lawnmower pattern.

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Clarke, Timothy Alan. "Application of optical techniques to surveying." Thesis, City, University of London, 1991. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17365/.

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This thesis addresses the problem of acquiring spatial data concerning points on the surface of structures such as underground tunnels and sewers. These data can usefully provide knowledge of deformation, shape, area, volume, and position of structures. Such data can be further analysed to give insight into clearances, deterioration, flow rates and in-fill volumes or can be used to give knowledge of the present state of structures and their position. Few systems address the problem of reliably acquiring this data in a manner that is fast and accurate while remaining flexible, adaptable and robust. This thesis considers a solution to the problem of fast and accurate spatial data acquisition concerning commonly found structures using the technique of optical triangulation with a linear array camera and diode laser light source. Optical triangulation is a technique that has not fully matured for medium range measurement with few systems having been developed and little research material produced. However, the research carried out for this thesis shows that providing all the factors that contribute errors of measurement are understood, then a fast, robust and high accuracy system can be developed. The development of the optical triangulation technique for use in surveying was addressed through a programme of prototype development, testing, and refinement. Three prototypes were built that demonstrated the reliability, accuracy, speed and robustness of this technique. The errors associated with the a triangulation measuring system when applied to surveying application is considered from the intrinsic errors which are the same for any triangulation system and the extrinsic errors which are particular to the use of this system in surveying situations. A calibration bench was constructed for consideration of the triangulation system which was automatic and used an interferometer to provide high accuracy measurement of the performance of the triangulation system. Calibration and interpolation trials were conducted and the results analysed. An analysis of the subpixel accuracy achieved with the discrete pixel CCD imagers has been performed and an analysis made. One of the main disadvantages of optical triangulation when applied to the range 0-5 metres is that of non-linearity. A method of correction has been developed and analysed which is believed to be novel and makes a significant improvement to the measuring system. The conclusion of this research is that an improved system of measurement has been produced which has a number of novel features. Trials show that the measuring system could be developed commercially to provide a solution to measurements of structures within the range of the device and with greater accuracy than comparable equipment designed for the same purpose.

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Gross, Ralf. "3-D georadar surveying of active faults /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14971.

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Bangen, Sara G. "Comparison of Topographic Surveying Techniques in Streams." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1516.

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Fine-scale resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created from data collected using high precision instruments have become ubiquitous in fluvial geomorphology. They permit a diverse range of spatially explicit analyses including hydraulic modeling, habitat modeling and geomorphic change detection. Yet, the intercomparison of survey technologies across a diverse range of wadeable stream habitats has not yet been examined. Additionally, we lack an understanding regarding the precision of DEMs derived from ground-based surveys conducted by different, and inherently subjective, observers. This thesis addresses current knowledge gaps with the objectives i) to intercompare survey techniques for characterizing instream topography, and ii) to characterize observer variability in instream topographic surveys. To address objective i, we used total station (TS), real-time kinematic (rtk) GPS, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), and infrared airborne laser scanning (ALS) topographic data from six sites of varying complexity in the Lemhi River Basin, Idaho. The accuracy of derived bare earth DEMs was evaluated relative to higher precision TS point data. Significant DEM discrepancies between pairwise techniques were calculated using propagated DEM errors thresholded at a 95% confidence interval. Mean discrepancies between TS and rtkGPS DEMs were relatively low (≤ 0.05 m), yet TS data collection time was up to 2.4 times longer than rtkGPS. ALS DEMs had lower accuracy than TS or rtkGPS DEMs, but ALS aerial coverage and floodplain topographic representation was superior to all other techniques. The TLS bare earth DEM accuracy and precision were lower than other techniques as a result of vegetation returns misinterpreted as ground returns. To address objective ii, we used a case study where seven field crews surveyed the same six sites to quantify the magnitude and effect of observer variability on DEMs interpolated from the survey data. We modeled two geomorphic change scenarios and calculated net erosion and deposition volumes at a 95% confidence interval. We observed several large magnitude elevation discrepancies across crews, however many of these i) tended to be highly localized, ii) were due to systematic errors, iii) did not significantly affect DEM-derived metric precision, and iv) can be corrected post-hoc.

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Ngo, Peter. "Surveying trends in analogy-inspired product innovation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51891.

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Analogies play a well-noted role in innovative design. Analogical reasoning is central to the practices of design-by-analogy and bio-inspired design. In both, analogies are used to derive abstracted principles from prior examples to generate new design solutions. While numerous laboratory and classroom studies of analogy usage have been published, relatively few studies have systematically examined real-world design-by-analogy to describe its characteristics and impacts. To better teach design-by-analogy and develop support tools for engineers, specific insights are needed regarding, for example, what types of product advantages are gained through design-by-analogy and how different design process characteristics influence its outcomes. This research comprises two empirical product studies which investigate analogical inspiration in real-world design to inform the development of new analogy methods and tools. The first, an exploratory pilot study of 57 analogy-inspired products, introduces the product study method and applies several categorical variables to classify product examples. These variables measure aspects such as the composition of the design team, the driving approach to analogical reasoning, and the achieved benefits of using the analogy-inspired concept. The full scale study of 70 analogy-inspired products uses formal collection and screening methods and a refined set of classification variables to analyze examples. It adopts a cross-sectional approach, using statistical tests of association to detect relationships among variables. Combined, these surveys of real-world analogy-inspired innovation inform the development of analogy tools and provide a general account of distant analogy usage across engineering disciplines. The cross-sectional product study method demonstrated in this work introduces a valuable tool for investigating factors and impacts of real-world analogy usage in design.

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Kimber, Mark John. "Calibration and use of surveying gyro systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240485.

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Ffoulkes-Jones, Geraint Huw. "High precision GPS surveying by fiducial techniques." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258949.

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Troxel, Gregory D. (Gregory Donald). "Time surveying : clock synchronization over packet networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34060.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-166).
by Gregory D. Troxel.
Ph.D.

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Murphy, Roisin. "Strategic planning in Irish quantity surveying practices." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2371.

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The role and usefulness of strategic planning has been well documented over several decades of strategic management research. Despite the significant body of existing knowledge in the field of strategic planning, there remains a paucity of investigation into the construction sector, specifically in Professional Service Firms (PSF‟s) operating within it. The aim of this research was to ascertain the type, scope and extent of strategic planning within Irish Quantity Surveying (QS) practices and to ascertain the extent to which such processes correspond to strategic planning literature. This research was an exploratory study, undertaken in two phases in line with mixed methods employed for undertaking the study. The first, qualitative, phase involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with the principals of eleven QS practices of varying size. The second, quantitative phase, involved a widespread survey of every QS practice registered with the Society of Chartered Surveyors (SCS) in Ireland, for which a response rate of over 40% was achieved. The findings discover that the type, scope and extent of strategic planning within Irish QS practices vary with practice size and ownership structure. Distinct groups of practices are evident based on a number of strategic planning process characteristics, including formality, approach, participation, flow and planning horizon. Despite the absence of a systematic or formal process within smaller QS practices, it is clear that principals are thinking and acting strategically. These practices broadly follow strategic planning processes advocated in the literature, are mostly unaware that this is the case; however confirm that a more systematic strategic planning process is beginning to emerge, particularly in light of the severity of the current economic and construction industry downturn in Ireland. The findings of the research provide an important contribution towards addressing the significant gap in existing knowledge in this regard. The conclusions drawn are specific to the QS profession, the research has been designed such that it has potential to be applied to other PSF‟s within and outside the construction industry.

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Cruz, Sara Cristina Santos. "Surveying Industrial Clusters: A comprehensive Bibliometric Account." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7563.

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Economia
Master in Economics
Num mundo onde o paradigma da globalização se tornou uma realidade inquestionável, a dimensão `local tem ganho particular interesse como objecto de análise. Isto decorre do facto de os principais factores de competitividade global se encontrarem profundamente enraizados a um nível local. Neste contexto, os clusters, como entidades geográficas e sócio-relacionais, com um percurso evolutivo específico, uma identidade institucional e dinâmicas locais de conhecimento, tornaram-se elementos cruciais no desenvolvimento das regiões, assumindo um papel significativo nas políticas públicas. Apesar da sua importância crescente, o conceito de cluster tem sido alvo de uma aplicação discricionária, em termos do seu sentido e definição. Tendo em conta a evolução histórica deste conceito, tornou-se, então, necessário encontrar uma forma de organizar a literatura existente, numa tentativa de harmonizar esta multiplicidade de interpretações e significados. Esta dissertação tem por objectivo sistematizar o actual corpo de abordagens teóricas e estudos empíricos sobre clusters através de uma revisão aprofundada da literatura, complementada com um estudo bibliométrico, realizado com base em artigos publicados em jornais indexados nas bases de dados bibliográficas Econlit e EBSCO, no período de 1962 a 2007. Os principais resultados deste trabalho de investigação indicam que, para além da sua importância académica, o papel dos clusters tem também sido amplamente reconhecido no domínio político. Por outro lado, o interesse crescente na dimensão `local tem sido acompanhado por um emergente corpo de literatura sobre `globalização, redes globais e clusters . Além disso, por detrás do recente boom na literatura sobre clusters, está a importância de temas como as `abordagens sociais e baseadas nas `networks de contactos ou redes locais dos clusters, bem como as teorias baseadas no conhecimento. Estudos sobre sistemas regionais e nacionais de inovação e abordagens institucionais (relativas a culturas, governação e costumes locais das regiões) alcançaram particular importância a partir da década de 1990. Isto reflecte claramente as mais recentes tendências da literatura sobre clusters, que têm dado especial enfoque a factores sistémicos e institucionais . Finalmente, não obstante a correlação positiva entre a qualidade das publicações e a investigação formal e experimental, a evolução da literatura sobre clusters continua a ser maioritariamente apreciativa e descritiva.
As the global paradigm became an accepted reality, the local dimension has gained particular interest as an object of analysis. This is because key factors of global competitiveness have become deeply rooted at a local level. In this context, clusters, as geographical and socio-relational entities with a specific evolutionary path, institutional embeddedness and local knowledge dynamics, have become crucial elements in regional development, assuming a significant role in public policies. Despite its growing importance, the concept of cluster has been subject to a rather discretionary use in terms of interpretation and meaning. Since the multiplicity of definitions has flourished with the historical evolution of the cluster concept, it became necessary to find a way to organize the existing literature, in an attempt to overcome this multitude of notions and meanings. This dissertation aims to systematize the existing corpus of theoretical approaches and empirical studies on clusters by carrying out a thorough, qualitative survey of the cluster literature, complemented with a comprehensive bibliometric account, based on articles published in journals indexed in the Econlit and EBSCO bibliographic databases, from 1962 to 2007. The main outcomes of this research show that besides their importance in academic fields, the role of clusters has also been widely acknowledged in political spheres. Along with an increasing interest in the `local dimension, an emergent corpus of literature on global networks and clusters has also arisen. Moreover, behind the recent boom in the cluster literature is the influence of the prominent themes `local networks and social approaches and `knowledge-based theories . Studies on `regional and national innovation systems and `institutional approaches (mostly concerned with enrooted local cultures, governance and customs) have been achieving a particular importance since the 1990s. This clearly reflects the most recent trends in the cluster literature, which focus particularly on `systemic and `institutional factors. Finally, despite the positive correlation between the `quality of journals and related formal research, the evolution of the literature on clusters continues to be mostly appreciative-led.

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Chauvin-Hameau, Corentin Guy Claude. "Informative path planning for algae farm surveying." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276249.

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Algae farms need to be regularly monitored to control growth rate or check for signs of diseases. As marine farms are setup farther from the coasts, the need for developing robots capable of carrying out these tasks autonomously increases. This thesis investigates trajectory generation for an underwater robot monitoring an algae farm. It encompasses a Kalman Filter used to update a Gaussian Process, used to store information about the algae, Informative Path Planning to generate trajectories which maximise information gain during the survey, and a Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Controller capable of tracking complex three dimensional paths. A simulation of the farm, the robot and its sensors is used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Algodlingar ligger under vattnet, och behöver övervakas ofta, för att till exempel kontrollera tillväxthastigheten hos algerna eller söka efter tecken på sjukdom. Eftersom algodlingar ofta ligger långt ifrån kusten behöver man utveckla robotar som kan fullgöra dessa uppgifter autonomt. Denna masteruppsats handlar om ruttplanering för en robot som undersöker sådana algodlingar. Den föreslagna metoden använder ett Kalman - filter för att uppdatera en Gaussisk process som beskriver känd information om algodlingen. Ruttplaneringen genomförs sedan för att maximera informationvinsten över en given planeringshorisont. Vi beskriver även en modell-prediktiv regulator som följer de komplexa tredimensionella rutter som planeras. Slutligen används en simulering av roboten, dess sensorer, och algodlingen för att utvärdera den föreslagna metoden.

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Brown, Jonathan S. Jr. "Surveying Transient Host Galaxies with ASAS-SN." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531743543481036.

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Williams, Emily. "Simultaneous localisation and mapping for surveying applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755820.

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Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) is a data capture technique that has transformed the way in which survey data is collected especially for infrastructure corridors such as highways and railways. Using an integrated GPS and Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU), the mobile vehicle and therefore the collected data has a proven accuracy of +/- 10mm, when using ground control points. This allows high accuracy data collection at normal highway speeds. The main limitation of this type of data capture is the reliance on GPS for positioning. Although blackouts in GPS signal can be bridged using the IMU, the resulting error follows a time dependent model resulting in large errors after short periods of time. This prohibits the use of MLS for high accuracy applications in areas such as indoors and underground. Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) is a robotics technique that collects data about the environment as it navigates in order to make deeisionson its movement creating a completely autonomous robot. The main advantage of SLAM for mapping is that the robot does not rely on GPS to navigate its surroundings. Instead it relies wholly on relative measurements to the environment in which it travels. The maps created are a biproduct of the navigation solution and the accuracy of them is often overlooked. In order to use the maps created for purposes other than autonomy it is important that their creation is investigated and the final maps are critically assessed. This thesis is an investigation into using SLAM for the creation of high accuracy maps. Analysis is undertaken to assess the ability of these maps to be used for surveying applications. Initially an investigation is undertaken to understand the processes involved for the production of SLAM maps. With the primary outcome being to determine the perceived benefits of using the maps created using SLAM techniques for mobile mapping applications. Trials are undertaken to critically evaluate the capability of typical sensors used on board SLAM systems for the production of reliable measurements. The Zebedee system, developed by CSIRO is identified as a mapping tool which uses SLAM techniques. An error model is developed for this system using a traditional survey approach, the results of which are compared against data collected in an indoor and an underground environment. The resulting point clouds from the test sites are assessed to determine the surveying applications which this type of system can provide data for.

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Cruz, Sara Cristina Santos. "Surveying Industrial Clusters: A comprehensive Bibliometric Account." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7563.

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Economia
Master in Economics
Num mundo onde o paradigma da globalização se tornou uma realidade inquestionável, a dimensão `local tem ganho particular interesse como objecto de análise. Isto decorre do facto de os principais factores de competitividade global se encontrarem profundamente enraizados a um nível local. Neste contexto, os clusters, como entidades geográficas e sócio-relacionais, com um percurso evolutivo específico, uma identidade institucional e dinâmicas locais de conhecimento, tornaram-se elementos cruciais no desenvolvimento das regiões, assumindo um papel significativo nas políticas públicas. Apesar da sua importância crescente, o conceito de cluster tem sido alvo de uma aplicação discricionária, em termos do seu sentido e definição. Tendo em conta a evolução histórica deste conceito, tornou-se, então, necessário encontrar uma forma de organizar a literatura existente, numa tentativa de harmonizar esta multiplicidade de interpretações e significados. Esta dissertação tem por objectivo sistematizar o actual corpo de abordagens teóricas e estudos empíricos sobre clusters através de uma revisão aprofundada da literatura, complementada com um estudo bibliométrico, realizado com base em artigos publicados em jornais indexados nas bases de dados bibliográficas Econlit e EBSCO, no período de 1962 a 2007. Os principais resultados deste trabalho de investigação indicam que, para além da sua importância académica, o papel dos clusters tem também sido amplamente reconhecido no domínio político. Por outro lado, o interesse crescente na dimensão `local tem sido acompanhado por um emergente corpo de literatura sobre `globalização, redes globais e clusters . Além disso, por detrás do recente boom na literatura sobre clusters, está a importância de temas como as `abordagens sociais e baseadas nas `networks de contactos ou redes locais dos clusters, bem como as teorias baseadas no conhecimento. Estudos sobre sistemas regionais e nacionais de inovação e abordagens institucionais (relativas a culturas, governação e costumes locais das regiões) alcançaram particular importância a partir da década de 1990. Isto reflecte claramente as mais recentes tendências da literatura sobre clusters, que têm dado especial enfoque a factores sistémicos e institucionais . Finalmente, não obstante a correlação positiva entre a qualidade das publicações e a investigação formal e experimental, a evolução da literatura sobre clusters continua a ser maioritariamente apreciativa e descritiva.
As the global paradigm became an accepted reality, the local dimension has gained particular interest as an object of analysis. This is because key factors of global competitiveness have become deeply rooted at a local level. In this context, clusters, as geographical and socio-relational entities with a specific evolutionary path, institutional embeddedness and local knowledge dynamics, have become crucial elements in regional development, assuming a significant role in public policies. Despite its growing importance, the concept of cluster has been subject to a rather discretionary use in terms of interpretation and meaning. Since the multiplicity of definitions has flourished with the historical evolution of the cluster concept, it became necessary to find a way to organize the existing literature, in an attempt to overcome this multitude of notions and meanings. This dissertation aims to systematize the existing corpus of theoretical approaches and empirical studies on clusters by carrying out a thorough, qualitative survey of the cluster literature, complemented with a comprehensive bibliometric account, based on articles published in journals indexed in the Econlit and EBSCO bibliographic databases, from 1962 to 2007. The main outcomes of this research show that besides their importance in academic fields, the role of clusters has also been widely acknowledged in political spheres. Along with an increasing interest in the `local dimension, an emergent corpus of literature on global networks and clusters has also arisen. Moreover, behind the recent boom in the cluster literature is the influence of the prominent themes `local networks and social approaches and `knowledge-based theories . Studies on `regional and national innovation systems and `institutional approaches (mostly concerned with enrooted local cultures, governance and customs) have been achieving a particular importance since the 1990s. This clearly reflects the most recent trends in the cluster literature, which focus particularly on `systemic and `institutional factors. Finally, despite the positive correlation between the `quality of journals and related formal research, the evolution of the literature on clusters continues to be mostly appreciative-led.

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Osei, Samuel. "The implementation of the International Hydrographic Organisation's Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems : the implications to sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26223.

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This report gives suggestions to sub-Saharan Africa regarding the implementation of the International Hydrographic Organisation's (IHO) Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base (WEND) for Electronic Chart Display and Information _systems (ECDIS). The IHO, recognising the need to supply up-to-date navigational information to mariners at sea, proposes the establishment of a worldwide network of navigational information. This proposal is aimed at addressing the information needs of international shipping. However, it does not restrict any hydrographic office from developing its own data base for national shipping. ECDIS is one new technology that will improve safety at sea. It integrates the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) and other navigational information. Unlike the paper chart, ECDIS will select and display information that is needed at any chosen moment thereby removing clutter from the display. The mariner will only see the information that is relevant for his immediate decision-making. ECDIS is versatile, complex and a potentially important aid to navigation decision-making. It enables mariners to navigate under conditions of poor visibility and through narrow and poorly-marked channels. It has the power to process data from a variety of sources and to detect and graphically show relationships between the data. Since history requires us to look at the past and the present to be able to project into the future, the report begins by giving the background to electronic charts. The report examines the traditional paper chart and the present method of updating the chart. It looks at the information contained in the Notices to Mariners, Radio Navigational Warnings and Global Maritime Distress and Safety Systems. The responsibilities and obligations of the various professional disciplines involved in updating the paper chart are also discussed. The limitations of the paper chart are commented upon and the need for a new technology is emphasized. The procedure for updating the electronic chart is also discussed. The terms "paper chart" and "traditional paper chart" are used interchangeably and mean the same thing in this report. The second chapter examines the requirements of ECDIS. It discusses the user requirements and the minimum system configuration. Operational and performance requirements are also examined. Chapter Three discusses the Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base (WEND). It gives a brief background to WEND and discusses the conceptual model of the organisation of WEND on regional bases. It examines a paper presented by Australia in relation to a single state WEND proposed by Norway. Since the whole process of networking the navigational information depends on technology, an in-depth treatment of the subject is carried out in Chapter Four. Issues discussed include networking and distributed system, standards and protocols in telecommunications. The design consideration for the infrastructure for a Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Coordinating Centre (RECC) is dealt with in Chapter Five. Financial and institutional issues are discussed. Technical and non-technical security measure are commented upon. Chapter Six deals with the infrastructure design for a RECC. It examines the infrastructure components, system operation and maintenance and manpower. Strategies for implementing RECC in the sub-Saharan Africa are discussed in Chapter Seven. Network development, data and system security measures are commented upon. Chapter Eight looks at the legal implications of ECDIS and WEND. It examines the elements of the legal regime and speculates on the possible changes that could be brought about as a result of the changing technology. Chapter Nine concludes the report with recommendations on a regional WEND centre.

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Rubinstein, Michael. "Assessing target centring algorithms for use in near-real-time-photogrammetry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9661.

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Bibliography: leaves 140-146.
Target Centring Algorithms were investigated for use in the Near-Real-Time-Photogrammetry NRTP system: PHOENICS. PHOENICS, a Photogrammetric Engineering and Industrial digital Camera System, has been developed over the past three years in the Surveying Department of UCT to provide a semi-automatic system to determine three dimensional co-ordinates of surfaces and objects using a photogrammetric method. Targets are attached to an object in order to facilitate measurement of the shape, size and orientation of the object. The centre of the target uniquely defines the target co-ordinate. Target centres (from images of the same object) are used in photogrammetric models to locate the three dimensional (3-D) coordinates of the target. The accuracy of the target 3-D location is dependent on the accuracy of the target centring algorithm. A series of sub-algorithms were employed to arrive at a single target centring algorithm. Various combinations of these sub- algorithms were compared in order to obtain the optimal target centring algorithm. Three images were used to test various aspects of the target centring algorithms: their potential accuracy was tested on an image having symmetric synthetic targets their robustness was tested on an image having targets with artificial blemishes their performance in a real (noisy) environment was tested on an image with real targets on a control frame, captured by PHOENICS. When the target centring algorithms were run on the three images, target location with an accuracy of from 1/10 of a pixel for real images, to 1/1000 of a pixel for ideal synthetic targets was obtained.

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Morris, Jason C. "The groma and the gladius : Roman surveyors in the later Republic : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1318.

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Leach, Peter A. "Marine Geoarchaeological Investigation of Damariscotta River, Maine, USA." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LeachPA2007.pdf.

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Wensink, Ryan. "A novel method for surveying low head rivers." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/304.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains iv, 34 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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Kwiatek, Ewelina. "Contrastive analysis of English and Polish surveying terminology." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678421.

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Presents a study of surveying terminology, which may be considered as an under-researched area when compared to legal, medical or business terminologies, focusing on English and Polish. This book provides a wide picture of surveying terminology by looking at problems that diversified groups of users may identify. Kwiatek investigates how surveying terms are created and how they are named in English and Polish; she analyses the concept systems of the two languages with respect to surveying terminology; and she indicates the areas of surveying in which terminology and conceptual differences occur, the factors that trigger them and translation strategies which are used to solve them.

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Dobbin, James S. "Regulation of the land surveying profession in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ46247.pdf.

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Dobbin, J. S. "Regulation of the land surveying profession in Canada." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/572.

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Gue, David Leslie, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Surveying alternative conceptions about energy in the classroom." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1992, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/53.

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Secondary school pupils' concepts of energy were probed by clinical interviews and a multiple choice survey administered to 84 Alberta students. Preliminary information was gathered from curriculum documents, misconceptions literature and eight preliminary interviews. Both the interviews and the written survey were based on the interview-about-intances approach and used multiple-choice questions with free-response justification of answers. The wide range of alternative conceptions that were expressed paralleled findings of similar studies elsewhere. Most descriptions of energy were framed in substantive or ambiguous terms. Energy was frequently associated with living things, movement, and task performance. It was confused with concepts of heat, force, and pressure. Changes in physical systems were seen variously as consuming energy or as producing it upon demand. Aspects of a scientific conception were more evident among senior physics students, but differences between classes and grade levels did not generally reach statistical significance. Very few responses involved notions of energy as an abstract or conserved quantity. References to energy degradation or dissipation during changes were infrequent in interviews, survey responses, and curriculum documents. Subjects tended to choose similar responses on parallel interview and survey quesitions. Interview subjects showed evidence of preferred conceptual orientations towards a variety of situations, although their survey responses showed no parallel consistency. Conflicting evidence was obtained regarding the spontaneous use of energy-based descriptions of physical situations. Findings were interpreted from a constructivist stance, and implications for the study and teaching of specific topics were drawn. In addition, results suggested the efficacy of appropriate multiple choice instruments as an alternative to clinical interviews in the investigation of alternative conceptions.
xi, 234 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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Findlay, Michael John. "Cross-hole seismic reflection surveying in coal measures." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6163/.

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This thesis is concerned with the development of the cross-hole seismic reflection surveying method with particular application to the shallow Coal Measures strata found in opencast coal mining prospects in the U.K.A field acquisition technique developed for shallow boreholes utilising explosive sources and hydrophone receivers is described. Data have been acquired from several test sites in northern England. Data-processing techniques including wavefield separation and waveshaping deconvolution have been developed for cross-hole data and the theories behind these techniques are discussed. Methods of imaging cross-hole reflection data including the 'VSP-CDF transformation and Generalised Kirchhoff migration are applied to computer- generated synthetic data and to real data in order to yield a depth section of the seismic reflectivity between the boreholes. Finally, the data-processing and imaging techniques developed are applied to real data acquired at British Coal Opencast exploration sites in northern England between 1987 and 1990.

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Khalid, Mohamed A. "Post-processing strategies for precise GPS static surveying." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278740.

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Odolinski, Robert, and Johan Sunna. "Detail surveying with network RTK -an accuracy research." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi (stängd 20110301), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199672.

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This thesis is an accuracy research of detail surveying with networkRTK. Another objective of the thesis concerns some proposed controlmethods and to estimate if they are practically useful, and if the theoreticalassumptions of accuracy levels can be adjusted to standardisedtolerances for such control methods.The control methods are “revisit with network RTK” and “separatecontrol with conventional technique”, both in plane and height. Therevisit can be processed alone, or integrated with the productionmeasurements. Conventional technique involves a totalstation or alevelling instrument. The authors consider the control methods to bepractically useful.The modification of the theoretical assumptions of accuracy levelshas been based on an extensive material of measurements, calculations,analyses and considerations. This thesis achieved a standarderror in plane of 10 mm and in height of 15 mm (without the standarderror of the geoid model), which is comparable with similarstudies carried out lately. However, the conditions in this study areconsidered to be very favourable. To achieve the accuracy in plane, atripod of some type is necessary to minimize the influence from thecentering standard errors.Our modified accuracy levels can in the future be adjusted to standardisedtolerances, but more studies at different locations andunder other conditions are then necessary.
Detta examensarbete avser en noggrannhetsundersökning av detaljmätning med nätverks-RTK. Underlagsmaterialet har bestått i förslag till kontrollmetoder och teoretiska antaganden om de noggrannhetsnivåer som kan förväntas. Underlaget har utarbetats av Clas-Göran Persson vid Lantmäteriet (Persson 2008a). Det har också ingått i uppgiften att bedöma om metoderna är användbara även för rutinmässiga kontroller vid ”vardagsmätning” samt om noggrannhetsnivåerna skulle kunna omformas till felgränser, a la HMK (Handbok till Mätningskungörelsen), för sådana metoder. Kontrollmetoderna i fält består dels av ”återbesök med nätverks- RTK”, dels av ”separat kontroll med konventionell teknik”. De avser såväl plan- som höjdläget. Återbesök kan göras som särskild åtgärd eller integrerat med pågående produktionsmätningar. Konventionell teknik innebär kontroll med antingen totalstation eller avvägningsinstrument. Författarna anser att kontrollmetoderna är praktiskt tilllämpbara; återbesök kan enkelt genomföras under pågående detaljmätningar och den separata kontrollen med konventionell teknik (totalstation) är passande i en beställarroll. Modifieringen av de antagna noggrannhetsnivåerna har baserats på ett ganska omfattande material av mätningar, beräkningar, analyser, och överväganden. I detta arbete uppnåddes ett medelfel i plan på 10 mm och ett medelfel i höjd på 15 mm (exklusive felet i geoidmodellen SWEN05_RH2000), vilket överensstämmer med liknande studier som gjorts på senare tid (Edwards et al. 2008). Dock kan de förhållanden som rådde i Gävle hösten 2008 anses ha varit mycket gynnsamma. För att uppnå plannoggrannheten krävs emellertid någon form av tvångscentrering för att minimera centreringsfelen. Höjdnoggrannheten kan komma att bli betydligt sämre under perioder av omfattande solfläcksaktivitet som återkommer regelbundet, med ett större maximum kring slutet av år 2011 (SWPC 2009). Detta medför att förväntad noggrannhet i höjd i detta arbete har lagts på en sämre nivå än vad som egentligen uppnåddes. Höjdnoggrannheten kan nog förbättras genom den nya geoidmodellen SWEN08 som lanserades i januari 2009 (Ågren 2009). Fler faktorer som kan påverka noggrannheten för nätverks-RTK är osäkerhet i definitionen av antennens elektriska centrum, avstånd till referensstationerna, lokalisering inom eller utanför SWEPOS-nätverket, etc. De modifierade noggrannhetsnivåerna kan på sikt omformas till felgränser, men då krävs fler projekt på olika platser, utspritt i tiden och under andra förhållanden.

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Evans, Brian J. "Advancements in the technique of low fold three dimensional seismic reflection surveying." Thesis, Curtin University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1230.

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Three dimensional (3-D) seismic reflection surveying is accepted as the preferred method for imaging complex geology for proving and developing commercial oil and gas fields. However, the cost of 3-D seismic recording and processing is substantial and often can be as expensive as the cost of production drilling. This is particularly the case for land oil field development, where the cost of 3-D surveying is often unacceptably high. Such high costs also restrict its application in coal exploration, where 2-D seismic methods have long been accepted.During the early 1980's, a low fold technique for recording land 3-D data was devised which offered significant cost savings. The technique was adapted by the author for land 3-D surveying over coal fields. Inherent in the technique was a requirement that the data must have a high signal-to-noise ratio, which is not generally the case in land surveying due to the presence of strong source generated surface wave noise. A further major impediment to the technique was its inability to perform an acceptable stacking velocity analysis because of the low number of seismic traces generated. This thesis defines three data collection and processing advancements in low fold 3-D technology which go some way towards resolving these impediments.The first advancement is a method to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked seismic data, and consists of a Radon-based transform which stacks shot domain data along a curved trajectory, thereby attenuating surface waves on swath recorded data. This transform is termed the 'Radial Transform' of 3-D data.The second advancement is a statics method to improve the stacked image from a low number of input traces. The method uses the concept that if both the reflected and refracted waves pass through a weathering layer with very similar travel paths, then static corrections to remove the effects of weathering variations on the refraction travel times would be very similar to those required for the reflections. This method, which was patented, is used equally for both 2-D and 3-D field data, and is regularly used in high resolution seismic processing for coal at Curtin University.The third advancement resolves the problem of azimuthal variation of stacking velocities. By predicting the true reflector dip and its azimuth, apparent dip can be included in the normal moveout equation, which is named the Generalized Moveout equation. The requirement for an azimuthally dependent stacking velocity is then no longer an impediment in low fold 3-D processing of coal data.After developing these transforms and applying them to synthetic data, they were tested with success on modelled field data. All field data used within this thesis were either recorded in the field by the author, or were produced with a physical modelling system, which was built by the author at the University of Houston and later at Curtin University.Results indicate that the procedures described in this thesis enable the low fold 3-D technique to be used as a viable method for recording seismic data when survey economics are a major issue. Furthermore, all three advancements are suitable for application in conventional two dimensional (2-D) and swath seismic surveying.

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Pramlid, Björn. "Tillämpning av kinematisk terrester laserskanning i järnvägsmiljö." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för samhällsbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4868.

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Pflipsen, Bettina. "Volume computation : a comparison of total station versus laser scanner and different software." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-90.

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The Laser scanner belongs to the new devices on the market of surveying instruments. Tests and measurements gave and still give information where a laser scanner can be used efficiently – partly better than a total station. The results of each measurement are calculated with the corresponding software of the producer or with the corresponding CAD or other surveying programs depending on the scanner. The user cannot recognize which basis is used for the computation at most of the products. A conventional surveying program is not fit for a calculation with big amounts of data, which are the result of a laser scanner measurement. Programs shut down or becomes very slow, thus a processing of the data is impossible. Consequently, the data – the number of points – have to be reduced.

These aspects results in three questions, which where investigated in this thesis:

• Laser scanner versus total station: What is more accurate and what is more efficient?

• Do different software products result in equal outcomes?

• How far can a point cloud be reduced until there are changes in the result?

To answer these questions a pile of sand ( size around 400 m³ ) were surveyed twice: once with a laser scanner – Leica HDS 3000 – and once with a total station – Leica TPS1200. The data of the measurement were computed with three different software products: Geo, Geograf and Cyclone. Additional to this the point cloud was reduced stepwise and in each case, the volume was calculated. Thus, the effect of the reduction could be observed.

Between the different methods, no differences result in the accuracy and - in this investigation – hardly in the time for the measurement. The results of the computations showed that there is no difference between the programs Geo and Geograf. Just the result of Cyclone diverged from the other. The point cloud can be reduced without influences on the result with the order “Unify” until a point-to-point distance of 0,30 m.

Der Laser scanner gehört zu den neuen Geräten auf dem Markt der Vermessungsinstrumente. Tests und Beispielmessungen gaben und geben immer noch Aufschluß darüber, wo dieses Gerät effizient eingesetzt werden kann – teilweise auch besser als ein Tachymeter. Die Ergebnisse einer jeden Messung werden je nach Scanner mit der entsprechenden Software des Herstellers berechnet oder mit entsprechenden CAD oder anderen vermessungstechnischen Programmen. Bei den meisten Produkten kann man nicht erkennen auf welcher Grundlage die Software rechnet. Ein herkömmliches Vermessungsprogramm ist nicht in der Lage, die großen Mengen an Daten, die sich aus einer Laser scanner ergeben, zu verarbeiten. Die Programme stürzen ab oder werden so langsam, daß eine Bearbeitung nicht möglich ist. Also müssen die Daten – die Anzahl der Punkte – reduziert werden.

Aus diesen Punkten ergeben sich drei Fragestellungen, die vertieft in dieser Arbeit untersucht worden sind.

• Laser scanner versus Tachymeter: was ist genauer und was ist effizienter?

• Ergeben verschiedene Softwareprodukte gleiche Ergebnisse?

• Wie weit kann eine Punktwolke reduziert werden, bevor Auswirkungen auf das Ergebnis ergeben?

Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde ein Sandhaufen ( mit eine Größe von ca. 400 m³ ) in zwei unabhängigen Messungen jeweils mit einem Laser scanner - Leica HDS 3000 - und einem Tachymeter – Leica TPS1200 - vermessen. Die Messungsdaten wurden mit drei unterschiedlichen softwareprodukten berechnet: Geo, Geograf und Cyclone. Desweiteren wurde die Punktwolke schrittweise reduziert und jeweils das Volumen berechnet. So konnten die Auswirkungen der Reduktion beobachtet werden.

Es ergaben sich keine Genauigkeitsunterschiede und – in dieser Untersuchung - kaum Zeitunterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Methoden. Die Ergebnisse der Berechnung zeigten, daß zwischen den Programmen Geo und Geograf kein Unterschied ist. Lediglich das Ergebnis von Cyclone weicht von den anderen ab. Die Punktwolke kann auch ohne Einflüsse auf das Ergebnis mit dem Befehl „Unify“ auf einen Punkt-zu-Punkt Abstand von 0,30 m reduziert werden.

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Abdelmajid, Yezeed. "Investigation and Comparison of 3D Laser Scanning Software Packages." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102421.

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Laser scanning technologies has become an important tool in many engineering projects and applications. The output of laser measuring is the point cloud, which is processed in a way that makes it suitable for different applications. Processing of point cloud data is achieved through laser scanning software packages. Depending on the field of application, these packages have many different kinds of functions and methods that can be used. The main processing tasks used on a laser scanning software package include registration, modelling and texture mapping. Investigation and comparison of two laser scanning processing packages (Leica Cyclone and InnovMetric PolyWorks) are performed in this study. The theoretical and mathematical backgrounds of the above functions are presented and discussed. The available methods and functions used by each of the packages for these tasks are addressed and discussed. By using sample data, these functions are trailed and their results are compared and analyzed. The results from registration tests show the same results on both packages for the registration using target methods. Although, the results of cloud-to-cloud registration show some deviation from target registration results, they are more close to each other in both packages than to the target registration results. This indicates the efficiency of cloud-to-cloud methods in averaging the total registration error on all used points, unlike target registration methods. The modelling tests show more differences in the accuracy of generated models between the two packages. For both fitting and surface construction methods, PolyWorks showed better results and capabilities for three-dimensional modelling. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of each package are presented in relation with the used task and methods, and a review of data exchange abilities is presented.

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44

Mills, Jonathan Philip. "The implementation of a digital photogrammetric system and its application in civil engineering." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481736.

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45

Chehrehmotlagh, Kaveh. "Algorithms for surface modelling and highway design alignment." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249761.

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Coskun, Nart. "A comparison of configutration arrays for the resistivity and induced polarisation methods and a direct interpretation technique for vertical profiling field data." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261078.

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Looker, Jason R. "Minimum paths to interception of a moving target when constrained by turning radius." Fishermans Bend, Victoria : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/9741.

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48

Engstrand, Andreas. "Railway surveying - A case study of the GRP 5000." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31747.

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The GRP 5000 is a track measuring trolley capable of collecting track geometry data and performing clearance analyses based on laser scanning technology. The obtained laser data can also be used for as-built documentation, and the track recording functionality makes applications such as surveying, tamping assistance and slab track construction possible. The accuracy, huge data amount and time efficiency by which the system operates sets a new standard in railway surveying, and outdates traditional methods of manual and visual inspection. This thesis is a case study of the GRP 5000 with several objectives: a functional and technical description of the system is given; the accuracy of the system is evaluated, showing overall good values except for one of the sensors used; comparisons are made to other railway surveying techniques, such as track recording vehicles, manual devices and other track recording trolleys; possible improvements are pointed out, both based on comparison results as well as testing results. Finally, new and innovative ways of using the trolley, such as offtrack usage, as well as for the obtained laser data, such as GIS, maintenance aspects and CFD aspects, are examined.

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Hill, Karen. "Investigation into surveying recreational fishing activity in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smh646.pdf.

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Wilson, A. J. S. "The equivalent wavefield concept in multichannel transient electromagnetic surveying." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516379.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surveying'

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