Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surveillance du temps d’exécution'
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Arnez, Yagualca Fabio Alejandro. "Deep neural network uncertainty runtime monitoring for robust and safe AI-based automated navigation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG100.
Full textDeep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized various industries in the past decade, such as highly automated vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles. DNNs can achieve a notorious performance improvement due to their effectiveness in processing complex sensory inputs and their powerful representation learning that outperforms traditional methods across different automation tasks.Despite the impressive performance improvements introduced by DNNs, they still have significant limitations due to their complexity, opacity, and lack of interpretability. More importantly, for the scope of this thesis, DNNs are susceptible to data distribution shifts, confidence representation in DNN predictions is not straightforward, and design-time property specification and verification can become unfeasible in large DNNs. While reducing errors from deep learning components is essential for building trustworthy AI-based systems that can be deployed and adopted in society, addressing these before-mentioned challenges is crucial as well.This thesis proposes new methods to overcome the aforementioned limitations that leverage uncertainty information to build trustworthy AI-based systems. The approach is bottom-up, starting from the component-level perspective and then moving to the systems-level point of view. The use of uncertainty at the component level is presented for the data distribution shift detection task to enable the detection of situations that may impact the reliability of a DNN component functionality and, therefore, the behavior of an automated system. Next, the system perspective is introduced by taking into account a set of components in sequence, where one component consumes the predictions from another to make its own predictions. In this regard, a method to propagate uncertainty is provided so that a downstream component can consider the uncertainty from the predictions of an upstream component. Finally, a framework for dynamic risk management is proposed to cope with the uncertainties that arise along the autonomous navigation system
Gauthier, Martin. "Surveillance des réseaux en temps réel." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/49/1/GAUTHIER_Martin.pdf.
Full textBen, Amor Slim. "Ordonnancement des tâches avec des dépendances et des temps d’exécution probabilistes sur processeur multi-cœurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS188.
Full textThe continuous integration of new functionality increases the complexity of embedded systems, while each functionality might impose precedence constraints between the programs fulfilling it. In addition, the prevalence of several processors may create the illusion of higher computation capacity easing the associated scheduling problem. However, this capacity is not exploitable in critical real time systems because of the increased variability of the execution times due to processor features designed to provide excellent average time behavior and not necessarily ensuring small worst case bounds. This difficulty is added to the existence of scheduling anomalies when the systems are built a top of multi-core processors. In this thesis, we consider partitioned scheduling of DAG tasks defining precedence constraints. The variability of execution times is described by probability distributions. We propose a Response Time Analysis (RTA) based on iterative equations and probabilistic operators for independent distributions. For dependent distributions, we model them using Bayesian network. We also use C-space representation combined with SVM classification to estimate the schedulability probability. Moreover, we provide techniques to define priority and sub-task partitioning in a way to increase parallelism. We also decrease analysis complexity by reducing size of graph without altering the precedence structures
Elloumi, Yaroub. "Parallélisme des nids de boucles pour l’optimisation du temps d’exécution et de la taille du code." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1199/document.
Full textThe real time implementation algorithms always include nested loops which require important execution times. Thus, several nested loop parallelism techniques have been proposed with the aim of decreasing their execution times. These techniques can be classified in terms of granularity, which are the iteration level parallelism and the instruction level parallelism. In the case of the instruction level parallelism, the techniques aim to achieve a full parallelism. However, the loop carried dependencies implies shifting instructions in both side of nested loops. Consequently, these techniques provide implementations with non-optimal execution times and important code sizes, which represent limiting factors when implemented on embedded real-time systems. In this work, we are interested on enhancing the parallelism strategies of nested loops. The first contribution consists of purposing a novel instruction level parallelism technique, called “delayed multidimensional retiming”. It aims to scheduling the nested loops with the minimal cycle period, without achieving a full parallelism. The second contribution consists of employing the “delayed multidimensional retiming” when providing nested loop implementations on real time embedded systems. The aim is to respect an execution time constraint while using minimal code size. In this context, we proposed a first approach that selects the minimal instruction parallelism level allowing the execution time constraint respect. The second approach employs both instruction level parallelism and iteration level parallelism, by using the “delayed multidimensional retiming” and the “loop striping”
Rahali, Dorra. "Surveillance Statistique du Temps et de l'amplitude entre événements." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4017.
Full textStatistical process monitoring First we will study the case where we assume (SPM) are mainly based on control charts that the time T and the amplitude X are two which constitute an important step in the quality mutually independent continuous random process. There is a need to develop monitoring variables. Then we study the case where the techniques in manufacturing or non- variables are dependent using Copulas as a manufacturing sectors. This leads to give an mechanism to model the dependence. Finally increasing importance to Time Between Events we discuss the case where the time between and Amplitude (TBEA) control charts. events Tis an univariate random variable and However, few researchers have been the amplitude X is no longer an univariate interested to propose methods to random variable but a multivariate random simultaneously monitor the time between an vector. The performance of each control chart event E and its amplitude. Until now, the vast has been evaluated by EATS. An empirical majority of contributions are limited to a validation of the results has been developed for reduced number of statistics and potential real cases. distributions. ln this thesis we will investigate simple Shewhart type control charts for several statistics and many distributional scenarios
Ferreira, Porto Rosa Ariane. "Maîtrise statistique de procédés par lots à temps variable." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2088.
Full textThe use of batch processes in the production and the treatment of the raw materials showed a significant growth during the last decades. A batch process is a discontinuous system of production usually met in the processing of the matter industries such as, for example, chemical and pharmaceutical. It represents an alternative to the continuous mode of production diversified in small or average series. Batch processes have predetermined starting and stopping points and raw materials are introduced into the process a predefined amounts, in a specific sequence. The methods developed for the monitoring of batch processes consist in the application of multivariate control charts, in the use of multivariate statistical projection methods, fault detection and process diagnosis. However, in many industries, different runs of the same batch process have a different duration or the duration of various stages within the batches is not the same. In these cases, data analysis from process for performing the multivariate statistical process control can be difficult. This thesis proposes new methods for off-line and on-line monitoring of batch processes with varying duration based on the Hausdorff Distance. These new methods have been successfully tested on a simulated example and on a industrial case example. The conclusion is that these methods are able to efficiently discriminate between nominal and non-nominal batches after and before their completion
Gonzalez-Mendoza, Miguel. "Surveillance temps-réel des systèmes Homme-Machine. Application à l'assistance à la conduite automobile." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336732.
Full textNous proposons une stratégie générale de système temps-réel pour la surveillance du niveau de vigilance du conducteur (dynamique lente) et la surveillance du niveau de risque lié à la situation actuelle de conduite (dynamique instantanée), à travers :
* L'analyse temporelle et fréquentielle des signaux mécaniques (mesures de performance) par ondelettes et filtres, pour en extraire des caractéristiques dynamiques, statistiques et fréquentielles sur la dégradation de la conduite,
* L'apprentissage par SVM, méthode pour laquelle nous avons développé des stratégies d'implémentation adaptées pour un apprentissage en ligne et pour des problèmes de grande taille,
* La fusion par FIS, afin de profiter de l'expertise humaine et produire un diagnostic sur le niveau de risque lié à la sortie de la voie de circulation.
* La validation d'une telle approche à travers des EEG et EOG (mesures physiologiques) et des autoévaluations (mesures subjectives).
Nous appliquons cette méthodologie à diverses expériences des programmes AWAKE et PREDIT réalisées sur des simulateurs ou des démonstrateurs.
Gonzalez, Mendoza Miguel. "Surveillance temps-réel des systèmes Homme-Machine : application à l'assistance à la conduite automobile." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0026.
Full textOur work is within the framework of human-machine systems monitoring, in which the human operator is an element of decision in the loop. This type of systems requires a global automated real-time monitoring, including the detection of technical hitches and human faults. Assuming the technological part works "correctly" and/or that it is supervised by a diagnosis system, we are centered on the human operator part, the most critical to supervise. We present a diagnosis system applied to driver's monitoring based on information provided by onboard sensors. This work has been developed in the framework of the European project AWAKE and the national project "factors of vigilance degradation and safety in transports" of PREDIT. We propose a general strategy of real-time system for monitoring the level of vigilance of the driver (slow dynamics) and the monitoring of the level of risk related to the current situation (instantaneous dynamics), through: Temporal and frequential analysis of mechanical signals (performance measures) by wavelets and filters, to extract dynamic, statistical and frequential characteristics of driving degradation, SVM learning, for which we developed adapted implementation strategies for an on-line learning and large-scale problems, FIS fusion, in order to exploit the human expertise and to produce a diagnosis of the level of risk related to lane departure. Validation of such an approach through EEG and EOG (physiological measurements) and self evaluations (subjective measurements). We apply this methodology to various experiments under the framework of AWAKE and PREDIT carried out in simulators or demonstrators
Limane, Tahar. "Conception et réalisation d'un outil de surveillance, temps réel, d'espaces de débattements de robots." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0093.
Full textThe study presented in this report addresses the problems of designing and implementing a real-time control system of robots movements. The top-Level objective of the study is to enhance the safety of both the human operators and the machines. We begin with a global analysis of risk conditions in Robotics and general relationship statements between the different factors which have to be taken into account when specifying protection systems. We survey the different methods as well as the different equipments used in protection systems against robots possibly undue clearances. Constraints specification of a mean safety system able to control dynamically the robot's containment within the limits allowed or forbidden spaces are studied. Afterwards, we present the functional and structural specifications a well as the conceptual models of the protection systems to be implemented. Methodological approaches of software engineering type are proposed in view of validating the overall system life-cycle, its quality and its reliability. This study results the elaboration of the software tool SAFE (Surveillance d'Ateliers Flexibles et de Leur environnement) which is described in the report. Further developments of SAFE are suggested concerning, particularly, two inter-related functionalities of safety control : - first, the robot command program itself, - second, the dynamic re-specification of safety space when any change arises in the robot's task
Ghorayeb, Hicham. "Conception et mise en œuvre d'algorithmes de vision temps-réel pour la vidéo surveillance intelligente." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003064.
Full textGhorayeb, Hicham. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'algorithmes de vision temps réel pour la vidéo surveillance intelligente." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1463.
Full textIn this dissertation, we present our research work held at the Center of Robotics (CAOR) of the Ecole des Mines de Paris which tackles the problem of intelligent video analysis. The primary objective of our research is to prototype a generic framework for intelligent video analysis. We optimized this framework and configured it to cope with specific application requirements. We consider a people tracker application extracted from the PUVAME project. This application aims to improve people security in urban zones near to bus stations. Then, we have improved the generic framework for video analysis mainly for background subtraction and visual object detection. We have developed a library for machine learning specialized in boosting for visual object detection called LibAdaBoost. To the best of our knowledge LibAdaBoost is the first library in its kind. We make LibAdaBoost available for the machine learning community under the LGPL license. Finally we wanted to adapt the visual object detection algorithm based on boosting so that it could run on the graphics hardware. To the best of our knowledge we were the first to implement visual object detection with sliding technique on the graphics hardware. The results were promising and the prototype performed three to nine times better than the CPU. The framework was successfully implemented and integrated to the RTMaps environment. It was evaluated at the final session of the project PUVAME and demonstrated its fiability over various test scenarios elaborated specifically for the PUVAME project
ZIMERING, BOB LAURENT. "Application des methodes photothermiques a la surveillance in situ, en temps reel, des polluants atmospheriques." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066187.
Full textRabéjac, Christophe. "Auto-surveillance logicielle pour applications critiques : méthode et mécanismes." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT116H.
Full textSicre, Ronan. "Analyse vidéo de comportements humains dans les points de ventes en temps-réel." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14261/document.
Full textAlong this thesis various subjects are studied, from the lowest to the higher level of video analysis. We first present motion detection and object tracking that compose the low-level processing part of our system. Motion detection aims at detecting moving areas, which correspond to foreground, of an image. The result of motion detection is a foreground mask that is used as input for the object tracking process. Tracking matches and identifies foreground regions across frames. Then, we analyze the behavior of the tracked objects, as the mid-level analysis. At each frame, we detect the current state of action of each tracked object currently in the scene. Finally, the system generates a semantic interpretation of these behaviors and we analyze high-level scenarios as the high-level part of our system. These two processes analyze the series of states of each object. The semantic interpretation generates sentences when state changes occur. Scenario recognition detect three different scenarios by analyzing the temporal constraints between the states
Lointier, Guillaume. "Vers une surveillance en temps réel des régions magnétosphériques à partir des radars cohérents HF SuperDARN." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294447.
Full textMeynard, Jean-Baptiste. "Réalisation et évaluation d'un système de surveillance en temps réel pour les forces armées en opérations." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20690.
Full textDüstegör, Dilek Staroswiecki Marcel Cocquempot Vincent. "Aspects algorithmiques de l'analyse structurelle pour la surveillance." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/981.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3692. Texte en anglais et en français (introductions). Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 201-215.
Düstegör, Dilek. "Aspects algorithmiques de l'analyse structurelle pour la surveillance." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Dustegor.pdf.
Full textNous abordons ensuite le problème de l'amélioration de la localisabilité des défaillances. L'algorithme proposé permet d'aboutir aux sous-ensembles de défaillances non localisables entre elles. Afin d'améliorer la localisabilité des défaillances, des capteurs supplémentaires peuvent être implantés. Nous proposons une autre solution qui consiste à utiliser des modèles d'évolution dynamique des défaillances lorsque ceux-ci sont disponibles. Nous considérons ensuite le problème de génération de signaux indicateurs de défaut, ou résidus. Un algorithme qui permet de générer la chaîne de calcul optimale par rapport à des contraintes de complexité d'implantation est alors proposé. Pour cela, le problème du mariage stable connu en informatique ainsi que le problème du choix de couplage maximal à pondération minimale sont adaptés au contexte de l'analyse structurelle. Enfin, un algorithme évolutif/adaptatif est décrit afin de tenir compte des évolutions de la structure du système lors de son cycle de vie. Tous les algorithmes développés sont évalués par rapport à l'ensemble de propriétés désirables et sont appliqués sur l'exemple d'un modèle de vanne
CHANCE, THIERRY. "Interet et limites de l'international normalized ratio (inr) dans la surveillance biologique des traitements aux anticoagulants." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM141.
Full textSubias, Audine. "Approche multi-modèles pour la commande et la surveillance en temps réel des systèmes à évènements discrets." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30024.
Full textFeriani, Mohamed. "Surveillance en temps reel du processus de fraisage. Realisation d'un moniteur de suivi de l'usure des outils." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2048.
Full textFathallah, Houssem Eddine. "Conception d'un système temps-réel de surveillance de l'exposition aux polluants de l'air intérieur : application au formaldéhyde." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0100.
Full textFormaldehyde is classified as a "high priority" pollutant in the indoor air quality. Because of its health effects, the emerging French regulation (Action 7 of PNSE2) requires the measurement of formaldehyde in public places (schools, kindergartens etc.) from 2017. However, no device on the market is able to provide accurate measurements in real time and at low cost. This thesis forms part of the ANR project CAPFEIN (réseau de CAPteurs de FormaldEhyde intelligents pour la surveillance de l'air Intérieur) whose purpose is to develop a "smart Formaldehyde sensor". The thesis objective is to design a real-time monitoring system of human exposure to formaldehyde, and more generally to indoor air pollutant. The sensors must be equipped with a communication interface to automatically collect measurements at different points of the environment to be monitored. Two monitoring systems have been developed. The first is Designed with commercial off-the-shelf component and a centralized architecture based on the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The second was designed from the CRAN and corresponds to the development of a solution based on a distributed approach. A smart badge has been developed. It can monitor exposure levels to each cardholder. The major constraints of this work consist on the ability to locate people in an indoor environment and the ability to optimize the algorithms in terms of memory space and power consumption. For the optimization part, the moving average exponential weighting methods have been implemented and evaluated. Both prototypes were tested in buildings of CRAN and showed interest
Rihani, Hamza. "Analyse temporelle des systèmes temps-réels sur architectures pluri-coeurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM074/document.
Full textPredictability is of paramount importance in real-time and safety-critical systems, where non-functional properties --such as the timing behavior -- have high impact on the system's correctness. As many safety-critical systems have agrowing performance demand, classical architectures, such as single-cores, are not sufficient anymore. One increasinglypopular solution is the use of multi-core systems, even in the real-time domain. Recent many-core architectures, such asthe Kalray MPPA, were designed to take advantage of the performance benefits of a multi-core architecture whileoffering certain predictability. It is still hard, however, to predict the execution time due to interferences on sharedresources (e.g., bus, memory, etc.).To tackle this challenge, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) buses are often advocated. In the first part of thisthesis, we are interested in the timing analysis of accesses to shared resources in such environments. Our approach usesSatisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) to encode the semantics and the execution time of the analyzed program. To estimatethe delays of shared resource accesses, we propose an SMT model of a shared TDMA bus. An SMT-solver is used to find asolution that corresponds to the execution path with the maximal execution time. Using examples, we show how theworst-case execution time estimation is enhanced by combining the semantics and the shared bus analysis in SMT.In the second part, we introduce a response time analysis technique for Synchronous Data Flow programs. These are mappedto multiple parallel dependent tasks running on a compute cluster of the Kalray MPPA-256 many-core processor. Theanalysis we devise computes a set of response times and release dates that respect the constraints in the taskdependency graph. We derive a mathematical model of the multi-level bus arbitration policy used by the MPPA. Further,we refine the analysis to account for (i) release dates and response times of co-runners, (ii)task execution models, (iii) use of memory banks, (iv) memory accesses pipelining. Furtherimprovements to the precision of the analysis were achieved by considering only accesses that block the emitting core inthe interference analysis. Our experimental evaluation focuses on randomly generated benchmarks and an avionics casestudy
Bechar, Hassane. "Comparaison d'images : Application à la surveillance et au suivi de trajectoire." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10062.
Full textMaugin, Armelle. "Ce que révèle la photographie d'un dispositif de vidéo de surveillance tourné vers le paysage... /." Paris : Université de Paris VIII, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35814517q.
Full textLi, Zhongyang. "Suivi de multi-modulations non linéaires pour la surveillance." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935243.
Full textGhazel, Mohamed. "Surveillance des systèmes à évènements discrets à l'aide des réseaux de Petri Temporels." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECLI0008.
Full textBégard, Julien. "Reconnaissance de formes dans des séquences vidéo : application à la vidéo-surveillance." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066538.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of detecting people in pictures. The objective is to achieve an efficient system for detecting pedestrians in an automotive context in urban areas. We discussed this issue on two main fronts. The first was to design a discriminant representation of the form of the objects. Due to the wide variety of appearances of pedestrians, it must be rich enough to capture the characteristics necessary to recognize them. We built this description from the information of the gradient calculated in the image and its magnitude: Histograms of Orientation Gradient fortified with the Magnitude. Calculated densely in regions of the image, these descriptors forms vectors that define finely the shape of objects. We compare these descriptors with decision rules formed from machine learning methods. Our system is based on AdaBoost algorithm that we have made changes to get an algorithm using more effectively the information provided. These changes gave two algorithms with comparable performance. We have designed a method to combine these algorithms and get better results. We structured our system in a cascade of sub-detectors that are increasingly complex. The purpose of this structure is to eliminate as soon as possible wrong candidates. Thus, only the right candidates reaching the top of the cascade, consisting of the most complex and time-costly rules decisions. We evaluated and validated this methodology on color and infrared data
Lauffenburger, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution à la surveillance temps-réel du système "Conducteur - Véhicule - Environnement" : élaboration d'un système intelligent d'aide à la conduite." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732949.
Full textDans ce contexte, la localisation du véhicule et particulièrement les informations de l'environnement d'évolution doivent être pertinentes. Elles sont obtenues grâce à une base de données cartographique spécifiquement développée dans le cadre de ces travaux. Celle-ci est caractérisée par une précision supérieure à celle des bases de données traditionnellement employées dans des dispositifs de navigation.
Anghel, Andrei. "Analyse temps-frequence et traitement des signaux RSO à haute résolution spatiale pour la surveillance des grands ouvrages d'art." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT107/document.
Full textThe thesis is composed of two research axis. The first one consists in proposing time-frequency signal processing tools for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars used for displacements measurements, while the second one consists in designing a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing methodology for infrastructure monitoring when an external point cloud of the envisaged structure is available. In the first part of the thesis, we propose our solutions to the nonlinearity problem of an X-band FMCW radar designed for millimetric displacement measurements of short-range targets. The nonlinear tuning curve of the voltage controlled oscillator from the transceiver can cause a dramatic resolution degradation for wideband sweeps. To mitigate this shortcoming, we have developed two time warping-based methods adapted to wideband nonlinearities: one estimates the nonlinear terms using the high order ambiguity function, while the other is an autofocus approach which exploits the spectral concentration of the beat signal. Onwards, as the core of the thesis, we propose a novel method for scattering centers detection and tracking in spaceborne SAR images adapted to infrastructure monitoring applications. The method is based on refocusing each SAR image on a provided 3D point cloud of the envisaged infrastructure and identifying the reliable scatterers to be monitored by means of four dimensional (4D) tomography. The refocusing algorithm is compatible with stripmap, spotlight and sliding spotlight SAR images and consists of an azimuth defocusing followed by a modified back-projection algorithm on the given set of points which exploits the time-frequency structure of the defocused azimuth signal. The scattering centers of the refocused image are detected in the 4D tomography framework by testing if the main response is at zero elevation in the local elevation-velocity spectral distribution. The mean displacement velocity is estimated from the peak response on the zero elevation axis, while the displacements time series for detected single scatterers is computed as double phase difference of complex amplitudes.Finally, we present the measurement campaigns carried out on the Puylaurent water-dam and the Chastel landslide using GPS measurements, topographic surveys and laser scans to generate the point clouds of the two structures. The comparison between in-situ data and the results obtained by combining TerraSAR-X data with the generated point clouds validate the developed SAR signal processing chain
Teza cuprinde două axe principale de cercetare. Prima axă abordează aspecte metodologice de prelucraretimp-frecvenţă a semnalelor furnizate de radare cu emisie continuă şi modulaţie de frecvenţă (FMCW)în contextul măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. În cadrul celei de-a doua axe, este proiectată şi validatăo metodă de prelucrare a imaginilor satelitare SAR (radar cu apertură sintetică) ce este destinatămonitorizării infrastructurii critice şi care se bazează pe existenţa unui model 3D al structurii respective.În prima parte a tezei, sunt investigate soluţii de corecţie a neliniarităţii unui radar FMCW în bandaX destinat măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. Caracteristica de comandă neliniară a oscilatorului debandă largă determină o degradare a rezoluţiei în distanţă. Pentru a rezolva acest inconvenient, au fostelaborate două metode de corecţie a neliniarităţii, adaptate pentru semnale de bandă largă, ce se bazeazăpe conceptul de reeşantionare neuniformă sau deformare a axei temporare. Prima abordare estimeazăparametrii neliniarităţii utilizând funcţii de ambiguitate de ordin superior, iar cea de-a doua exploateazăo măsură de concentraţie spectrală a semnalului de bătăi într-un algoritm de autofocalizare în distanţă.În a doua parte a lucrării, este propusă o metodologie generală de detecţie şi monitorizare a centrilorde împrăştiere în imagini SAR în scopul monitorizării elementelor de infrastructură critică. Metoda sebazează pe refocalizarea fiecărei imagini radar pe un model 3D al structurii investigate în scopul identificăriicentrilor de împrăştiere pertinenţi (ţinte fiabile ce pot fi monitorizate în timp) cu ajutorul tomografiei SAR4D (distanţă-azimut-elevaţie-viteză de deplasare). Algoritmul de refocalizare este compatibil cu imaginiSAR achiziţionate în moduri diferite (« stripmap », « spotlight » şi « sliding spotlight ») şi constă într-odefocalizare în azimut urmată de o retroproiecţie modificată (condiţionată de structura timp-frecvenţă asemnalului) pe modelul 3D al structurii. Ţintele sunt identificate în stiva de imagini refocalizate cu ajutorultomografiei 4D prin efectuarea unui test de conformitate cu ipoteza că centrii de împrăştiere pertinenţivor avea elevaţie zero în planul local elevaţie-viteză. Viteza medie de deformare corespunde maximuluide pe axa de elevaţie nulă, iar seria temporară a deplasărilor se obţine printr-o dublă diferenţă de fază aamplitudinilor complexe corespunzătoare ţintelor identificate.În final sunt prezentate campaniile de măsurători pe teren efectuate la un baraj şi o alunecare de terendin regiunea Puylaurent (Franţa) destinate obţinerii modelului 3D al celor două elemente de infrastructurăprin măsurători GPS, topografice şi LIDAR. Comparaţia între deformările măsurate pe teren şi rezultateleobţinute prin combinarea imaginilor SAR cu modelele 3D au permis validarea metodologiei propuse
Vieren, Christophe. "Segmentation de scènes dynamiques en temps réel : application au traiyement de séquences d'images pour la surveillance de carrefours routiers." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10029.
Full textVieren, Christophe. "Segmentation de scènes dynamiques en temps réel application au traitement de séquences d'images pour la surveillance de carrefours routiers /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619102q.
Full textCotton, Julien. "Analyse et traitement de données sismiques 4D en continu et en temps réel pour la surveillance du sous-sol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM023.
Full text3D seismic reflection is widely used in the oil industry. This standard subsoil auscultation method provides information on geological structures and can be used to build reservoir models. However, the properties derived from3D (and 2D) seismic data are only static: 3D does not allow to evaluate the changes with calendar time. The addition of a temporal dimension to 3D data is obtained by repeating the measurements at several dates separated by several months or even several years. Thus, 4D seismic (time-lapse) makes it possible to measure and to analyze the changes of the subsoil in the long term. Since the 90s, this method is used worldwide at sea and on land. To carry out a much more frequent monitoring (daily), even continuous (a few hours) of the subsoil, CGG developed, in collaboration with Gazde France (now ENGIE) and Institut Français du Pétrole (now IFPEN), a solution based on buried sources and receptors: SeisMovie. SeisMovie was originally designed to monitor and map the gas front in real time during geological disposal operations. It is also used to observe the steam injection required for heavy oil production. In this thesis, we bring contributions to three challenges arising in the processing of seismic data from this system. The first one concerns the attenuation of near-surface variations caused by "ghost" waves that interfere with primary waves. The second one concerns the quantification of subsurface changes in terms of propagation velocity variation and acoustic impedance.The third one concerns real-time: the data processing must be at least as fast as the acquisition cycle (a few hours). Infact, the analysis of the data must enable the reservoir engineers to make quick decisions (stop of the injection, decreaseof the production). In a more general context, there are conceptual similarities between 3D and 4D. In 4D, the repeated acquisitions are compared with each other (or with a reference). In 3D, during acquisition, field geophysicists compare unitary shot points with each other to assess the quality of the data for decision-making (reshooting, skipping orcontinuing). Therefore, some 4D real-time tools developed during this thesis can be applied. A new approach called TeraMig for automated quality control in the field will also be presented
Tanzi, Tullio. "Systeme spatial temps réel d'aide a la décision, application aux risques autoroutiers : D.E.S.T.IN : dispositif d'études et de surveillance du trafic et des incidents." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0058.
Full textThe objective of these works is to specify a real-time system of risk analysis in order to complete systems for motorways to help the exploitation of motorways. Instead of focusing on accidents, the system relies on the analysis of the evolution of traffic conditions, in order to characterise high risk situations. The aim of this potential accident anticipation is to elaborate preventive actions and to allow a better management of the crisis. These works have permitted the definition of risk indicators in the road context. An original prototype has been developed and has been tested in real situations. Indicators have been tested on samples ofdata ofthe freeway of the ESCOT A network. Thanks to our approach, the classic techniques of spatial analyses, as we know them in the world of the geographical information systems will permit to produce sorne quantitative information in real-time, as distances, predicted times of arrivai or security perimeters, but also to better manage the event using phenomena simulations. It requires to take into ac-count the routing of information within the global information system. The originality ofthese works can be summarised in two main points: • A new concept of real-time information system for the analysis of risks (it is about new indicators) A new emerging concept: TéléGéomatique, term based on geomatics and telecommunications, whose importance is justified by these works
Abed, Hajer. "Interface électronique et logicielle pour la surveillance de la respiration en temps réel en utilisant des vêtements intelligents sans fils." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68400.
Full textIn this thesis, we present a new architecture of a smart T-shirt to monitor breathing in real time. This smart garment has an architecture that offers an innovative detection method ensuring continuous monitoring of respiratory activity. First the T-shirt detects deformation of the upper chest during breathing using an antenna built into the T-shirt. The antenna was designed in the laboratories of the optics, photonics and laser center of Laval University. A Bluetooth sensor integrated in the same T-shirt subsequently detects the variation of the RSSI signal (indicator of received signal strength) and sends it to a wireless data processing and analysis unit (a computer or tablet). A data analysis interface has been created to allow determination of the respiratory rate and characterization according to the received breathing signal. In addition, the smart T-shirt is powered by a wireless, hybrid power source powered by a rechargeable battery or by an inductive link. Two versions of the T-shirt were tested. The first contains a single sensor while the second has six sensors positioned on the front of the garment. In addition, different parameters were taken into account during the tests, citing among others the morphology, age and sex of the users. Tests have demonstrated successful detection of several relevant information such as breathing cycles (inspiration, expiration),respiratory rate and other statistical measures for diagnosis.
Noël, Guillaume. "Indexation dans les bases de données capteurs temps réel : application à la surveillance de phénomènes environnementaux et de risques naturels." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0091/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis's aim is to provide the specialists in environmental phenomenon monitoring systems with a method for structuring, querying and fast accessing to spatio-temporal data in real time using various criteria, in particular spatial and temporal ones. More precisely, we focus on the indexing of an « in memory » database for masses of spatio-temporally referenced data with time constraints for the index updating and queries. The measurements collected by a sensor network must be indexed according to the source sensor and the date of measurement. Moreover, the most recent data are usually considered as more interesting, a specificity that is usually not featured in existing indexing systems. Three indexing solutions are proposed. They differ from the existing solutions by storing the data from sensors in dedicated substructures. “Access substructures” are used to link a query to a set of sensors. The first proposal, the PoTree, aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatio-temporal data issued from a network of fixed real time sensors. The second, the PasTree, aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatiotemporal data issued from a network of agile real time sensors, i. E. Of which the sensors have a restricted mobility. It allows for a multi-criterion access to the data, using spatial references or sensor identifiers. The last proposal, the Spatio-temporal Heat (StH) aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatio-temporal data issued from a network of agile real time sensors. The main innovation of this structure is the integration of a database saturation management by offering a mechanism allowing a progressive transfer of the data towards a warehouse
Noël, Guillaume Laurini Robert. "Indexation dans les bases de données capteurs temps réel application à la surveillance de phénomènes environnementaux et de risques naturels /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=noel.
Full textLy, Fatime. "Contribution par la surveillance prédictive indirecte à l'optimisation de la maintenance dans les systèmes flexibles de production manufacturière." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-83.pdf.
Full textMarsaud, Elisabeth. "Contribution à une meilleure standardisation de l'INR [International Normalized Ratio] dans la surveillance des traitements anticoagulants oraux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P081.
Full textBarros, Anne. "Maintenance des systèmes multicomposants sous surveillance imparfaite : modélisation stochastique et optimisation." Troyes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TROY0004.
Full textMulti-unit systems maintenance optimisation is based on stochastic models which must take into account the stochastic evolution of the system, the maintenance actions and their impact on the system, and the monitorig information on the units state. The aim of this work is to focus on the monitoring model. Actually, the survey on multi unit maintenance optimisation presented in part one, shows that in most of existing stochastic models, the information given by the monitoring device is considered to be perfect. However, the detection algorithms used for systems diagnostis are characterised by errors such as non detection or false alarm, and detection delay. That is why we propose here to model one type of this default : a failure of one unit can be not detected with a given probability. We aim at optimising the following maintenance policy : the whole units are renewed preventively at the same time in order to avoid global system failure. We show that the optimal time of preventive renewal is totally conditionned by the evolution of an indicator of the system degradation. This indicator is a stochastic process (called failure rate process) and is calculated on the basis of the observations given by the monitoring device. The failure rate process is studied in the second part. It is calculated by writing the system failure indicator process as smooth semi martingale. Its paths are used in part three for the optimisation scheme. Numerical results show the maintenance cost obtained with our model taking into account monitoring faults is lower than the one obtained with models considering the information is perfect or does not exist
Portet, Frédéric. "Monitoring continu de site pollué : mise au point d'une méthodologie de contrôle en continu d'un site pollué en phase de surveillance ou de dé pollution." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802997.
Full textMonnier, Thomas. "Ondes de Lamb dans les milieux stratifiés : application à la surveillance in situ et en temps réel de l'endommagement de structures composites." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573987.
Full textBoulmakoul, Azedine. "Vers un système à base de connaissances distribué & temps réel pour la surveillance et le contrôle du trafic en site urbain." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10222.
Full textMonnier, Thomas Baboux Jean-Claude Guy Philippe. "Ondes de Lamb dans les milieux stratifiés application à la surveillance in situ et en temps réel de l'endommagement de structures composites /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/monnier/index.html.
Full textGerber, Timothée. "Suivi dynamique de composantes modulées : application à la surveillance automatique de défauts dans les éoliennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT142/document.
Full textThe automatic monitoring consists in verifying without any human intervention that a system is operating well. The monitoring allows to use a predictive maintenance strategy, which is economically interesting, especially in the case of isolated systems like off-shore wind turbines. The automatic monitoring is based on signals acquired more or less regularly while the monitored system is operating. The analysis of these signals should be sufficient to diagnose the system and to decide whether or not the maintenance operations should be done. In this thesis, we propose a generic analysis method able to adapt itself to any monitored system. This method is composed by several steps. First, each signal is analyzed individually in order to extract its spectral content, that is to identify the spectral peaks, the harmonic series and the modulation sidebands presents in the signal spectrum. Then, the spectral content is tracked through time to construct spectral trajectories in the sequence of acquired signal. These trajectories are used to generate trends which indicate the state of the system health. Finally, the trends are analyzed to identify a change in the system response which would indicate some wear or a fault in is early stage. This analysis method is validated on real world signals acquired on different mechanical systems
Abdallah, Amani. "Réseaux d'eau intelligents : surveillance de la qualité de l'eau par des capteurs en ligne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10150/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of systems proposed for real-time monitoring of water quality in the drinking water network. It was conducted within the European project SmartWater4Europe and SunRise project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the smart city on the campus of the“Cité Scientifique”. The work consists of 4parts:The first part presents a literature review of the work conducted on the real-time monitoring of water quality. It shows the parameters used to monitor the water quality and the technologies available to monitor these parameters.The second part presents the construction of a Lab pilot for analyzing the performance of the water quality control systems. After a description of the systems used in this thesis(EventLab, s :: can and Intellisonde), we present the procedure followed for the realization of contaminant.The third part is devoted to the study of the performance of chlorine monitoring for detection of microbial contaminants. The results show that monitoring of chlorine constitutes an effective tool for monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water.The fourth part presents the responses of EventLab and s::can to the injection of contaminants. Tests show a high reliability of EventLab and s::can to detect chemical contaminants. Regarding biological contaminants, s::can shows an ability to detect these contaminants for bacterial concentrations exceeding 106UFC/ml.The final part presents the water network of Cité Scientifique. The results of the water quality control are presented and analyzed. It also gives the location of the water quality control systems that will be installed on the water network
Taleb, Miassa. "Exploitation des mesures électriques en vue de la surveillance et du diagnostic en temps réel des piles à combustible pour application transport automobile." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC010/document.
Full textIn the current global energy context, proton exchange membrane fuel cells represent a promising solution to the future development of a new generation of electrified vehicles, allowing greater autonomy than electrified vehicles using batteries.Nevertheless, the large-scale development of fuel cells remains limited due to some technological locks, such as water management. To enable mass production of fuel cells, such problems must be solved. Several working axes may be envisaged both on the hardware aspects of the fuel cell structure, and from the point of view of control, by developing algorithmic tools for monitoring the operating state of the system to detect any failures, or degradations that may occur.The work of this thesis falls within this second approach and focuses specifically on the identification of drying and drowning phenomena which can appear in a fuel cell, to diagnose any moisture problems leading to yield reduction.The methods developed in this work are based on the monitoring of relevant parameters of the fuel cell model which changes, compared to reference values, are characteristic of the state of the fuel cell hydration.The real-time monitoring of these parameters can highlight the drying and drowning phenomena.Adopted models for this work are based on a representation of the electrical impedance of the fuel cell.Thus, following this approach, the adopted strategy is then based on the development of two electrical models: an integer order model and a fractional order model. It appears that the second model formulation is closer to the physical reality of transport phenomena occurring in the fuel cell. It allows a better representation of the fuel cell behavior in time and frequency domain. Indeed, the analyzes based on experimental results performed using a single fuel cell (100 cm2 active area designed by UBzM company) have validated that the fractional order model, in return for an increase of complexity, allows better reproduce, in the one hand of the fuel cell time-series voltage response (voltage monitoring for a given current profile), on the other hand a better approximation of the measured impedance. Conventional and of fractional order parametric identification methods are then used to extract the model’s parameters from time-series experimental data (voltage / current from the battery) or frequency data (impedance spectroscopy).A sensitivity analysis allows then the defining of the most indicative parameters of the drowning and drying phenomena. The evolution of these parameters associated with the voltage and impedance spectrum of the fuel cell are then combined to build a diagnosis strategy of the fuel cell water management
Abat, Cédric. "Développement de nouveaux outils informatiques de surveillance en temps réel des phénomènes anormaux basés sur les données de microbiologie clinique du laboratoire de la Timone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5029/document.
Full textAlthough considered under control in the second half of the 20th century with the discovery of antimicrobials, infectious diseases remain a serious threat to humanity. Regardless of the state of knowledge we possess on these diseases, all remained unpredictable. To fight this phenomenon, many monitoring strategies have been developed leading to the implementation of various epidemiological surveillance computer programs to detect and identify, as soon as possible, abnormal events including epidemic phenomena. The initial objective of our work was to implement, within the Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection and based on the Microsoft Excel software, two new automated computer-based programs for the weekly automated epidemiological surveillance of abnormal epidemic events using clinical microbiological data from the Timone teaching hospital of of Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM). Once completed, we then worked to develop a comprehensive monitoring structure incorporating the investigation and the validation of alarms emitted by the established surveillance systems, the transmission of alerts to the Regional Health Agency (ARS) of the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA), the public dissemination of confirmed abnormal events by publishing scientific articles, and the implementation of feedback and weekly epidemiological bulletins to inform local infectious diseases epidemiological surveillance actors
Li, Long. "Contribution au développement d'un système expert multicapteurs pour la surveillance du poinçonnage." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10336.
Full textTahir, Djamel. "Moustiques et dirofilariose : mise au point et utilisation d'outils innovants pour la détection et la surveillance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0406/document.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in studying dirofilarial infections in dogs and vectors “Mosquitoes” especially detection, monitoring and prophylaxis. The first objective is to develop a real-time duplex PCR targeting the COI gene capable of simultaneously detecting and differentiating D. immitis and D. repens. Subsequently, we applied this tool to a canine dirofilariosis surveillance process in different endemic areas of Mediterranean basin (Corsica and Algeria). We have thus detected by this molecular tool for the first time in France, D. immitis and D. repens in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. We reported, also, the presence of D. immitis in dogs from northern Algeria.The second aim was to assess whether the MALDI-TOF MS can detect changes in the protein profiles of Aedes aegypti infected experimentaly with filarial nematodes (D. immitis, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi). Obtained results showed the potential of MALDI-TOF MS as a reliable tool for differentiating non-infected and filariae-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with a best correct classification rate obtained from the thorax-head part with 94.1 and 86.6, 71.4 and 68.7% for non-infected and D. immitis, B. malayi and B. pahangi infected mosquitoes respectively.The third aim of this work has focused on the evaluation of the anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy of an ectoparasiticide (Vectra® 3D) containing three active ingredients: dinotefurane, pyriproxyfen and permethrin (DPP) against Ae. albopictus. Results demonstrated that the DPP combination has significant anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy against Ae. albopictus for at least 4 weeks