Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surveillance du modèle'
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Daneshi, Far Zahra. "Contribution à la surveillance et maintenance prédictive des éoliennes." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0102.
Full textThe main existing monitoring systems are using vibrations as indexes to detect fault in the global system. In this way, several vibration sensors should be installed on the generator, the gearbox, and the bearing. The main problem with existing condition monitoring systems is that numerous sensors are installed in the turbine which makes the monitoring system complex and expensive. It is shown that the high rate of missed fault detection (about 40%) of gearbox fault exist in the wind turbines equipped with vibration based condition monitoring systems even with employing so many vibration sensors. This shows that vibration based condition monitoring systems are not reliable enough and a new or complementary condition monitoring system are needed. In this work, a potential approach for detecting drive-train mechanical faults using generator electrical signals has been introduced. Since the generator provides electromechanical coupling, the monitoring of its output power could lead to electrical and mechanical fault detection. In this regard, we studied the effect of the gearbox on the electrical signature of the generator for a variable speed wind turbine generator with a wound rotor and partial power converter (known as type -3). For which, we have developed the wind turbine simulator using MATLAB / Simulink. The dynamic of the planetary gearbox in hardly ever considered in the wind turbine model in the literature. Therefore, generic dynamic model of planetary gearbox for condition monitoring and diagnostic purposes is presented in this work. The model of gearbox is using minimum number of parameters, which includes essential non-linearities such as time varying mesh stiffness, transmission error and damping force. The proposed gearbox model is a generic model and is adapted for all possible power flow configuration of single stage planetary gearbox with any number of planet gears and could also be used in other applications than wind turbine
Bronner, Anne. "Vers un modèle de surveillance intégrée des maladies exotiques abortives chez les bovins en France métropolitaine : évaluation de la surveillance évènementielle et exploration d’outils complémentaires de surveillance syndromique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10161/document.
Full textThe surveillance system for exotic abortive diseases in French cattle (i.e. abortive diseases that are not currently found in France), such as brucellosis, is a typical example of a surveillance system that is in need of improvement. This type of surveillance only actually exists for brucellosis. Clinical surveillance is the cornerstone of brucellosis surveillance and consists in the mandatory notification of each bovine abortion. However, while no quantitatively assessments have been made, it is common knowledge that this type of surveillance suffers from high levels of under-reporting. By providing an in-depth assessment of the bovine abortion notification surveillance system, we quantified its low sensitivity and identified the influence of structural, human and health factors on how decisions to report abortions are taken. In addition, demographic and reproductive data, collected for purposes of traceability and for genetic performance improvement, were used to devise indirect indicators of abortion occurrence. By modeling the temporal and spatio-temporal variations of these indicators, we highlighted the ability for syndromic surveillance systems to identify the occurrence of abortive events at individual and herd scale. Based on these studies, improving exotic abortive disease surveillance requires revising the mandatory notification surveillance system and developing syndromic surveillance systems. More generally, considering the difficulties in predicting the occurrence of exotic or emerging diseases and their clinical and epidemiological forms, it is necessary to reorganize the surveillance of exotic diseases by setting up integrated surveillance systems that would include different surveillance modalities. Such surveillance systems, implemented by production sector, would focus on known or unknown diseases, showing clinical or subclinical forms, and sporadic, epizootic or diffuse patterns, and would thus maximize the ability to detect exotic or emerging diseases
Roux, Gilles. "Surveillance dans les ateliers automatisés : une approche par observation d'un modèle de commande." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0107.
Full textGehin, Anne-Lise. "Analyse fonctionnelle et modèle générique des capteurs intelligents : application à la surveillance de l'anesthésie." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10001.
Full textTruong, Xuan Viet. "Optimization by Simulation of an Environmental Surveillance Network : application to the Fight against Rice Pests in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066278.pdf.
Full textAn efficient surveillance network is an invaluable tool to monitor and assess the different states of a given ecosystem. With the information collected by such a network, predictions can be generated using thorough spatio-temporal analyses, which can then support decision makers and stakeholders. Human dominated ecosystems are highly dynamic and complex , where most of the observed variables have mutual non-linear interactions. In addition, the human activities have a considerable impact on almost all ecosystems they inhabit, where they tend to disrupt the ecological balance in short period of times. The surveillance of such ecosystems by different technical solutions is complex and dynamic where designing an “optimal” surveillance network, i.e., a network that would reflect an almost realtime situation of an ecosystem. Often traditional optimization techniques fail to reflect the evolutions of the reality associated with these ecosystems.An example of such a situation, is the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, where the provincial agricultural managers are concerned with the regular invasions of Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH), a particularly active rice pest, because of the diseases they carry and transmit to the rice yields. Their biggest concern is having a constantly accurate account of the current distribution of BPH waves, since it is the basis of establishing different prevention strategies. The time frame is short for applying these strategies: at least one week is needed between the moment where a prediction of the density of BPH can be estimated by the experts and warnings are sent to farmers and other end users and the moment where a strategy can be efficiently applied. To improve the efficiency of the system, the Vietnamese government has established a light-trap network [1] [2] that can capture multiple kinds of insects, especially BPH, and which data (the density of insects per trap) is collected and analyzed daily. Maintaining this network in a good state of operation has become an important national program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam since 2006. Although the current light-trap network is considered as a necessity for supporting the fight against various plant pests, it has three restrictions: (1) it misses detailed accounts on the life cycle of the BPH, (2) the network has remained stable since its initial design and has not, therefore, completely adapted to the huge changes that the ecosystem of the Mekong Delta has undergone in the recent years especially due to limitations in management, and (3) the network itself is very sparsely distributed
Bernichi, Mâamoun. "Surveillance logicielle à base d'une communauté d'agents mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480718.
Full textTruong, Xuan Viet. "Optimization by Simulation of an Environmental Surveillance Network : application to the Fight against Rice Pests in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066278/document.
Full textAn efficient surveillance network is an invaluable tool to monitor and assess the different states of a given ecosystem. With the information collected by such a network, predictions can be generated using thorough spatio-temporal analyses, which can then support decision makers and stakeholders. Human dominated ecosystems are highly dynamic and complex , where most of the observed variables have mutual non-linear interactions. In addition, the human activities have a considerable impact on almost all ecosystems they inhabit, where they tend to disrupt the ecological balance in short period of times. The surveillance of such ecosystems by different technical solutions is complex and dynamic where designing an “optimal” surveillance network, i.e., a network that would reflect an almost realtime situation of an ecosystem. Often traditional optimization techniques fail to reflect the evolutions of the reality associated with these ecosystems.An example of such a situation, is the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, where the provincial agricultural managers are concerned with the regular invasions of Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH), a particularly active rice pest, because of the diseases they carry and transmit to the rice yields. Their biggest concern is having a constantly accurate account of the current distribution of BPH waves, since it is the basis of establishing different prevention strategies. The time frame is short for applying these strategies: at least one week is needed between the moment where a prediction of the density of BPH can be estimated by the experts and warnings are sent to farmers and other end users and the moment where a strategy can be efficiently applied. To improve the efficiency of the system, the Vietnamese government has established a light-trap network [1] [2] that can capture multiple kinds of insects, especially BPH, and which data (the density of insects per trap) is collected and analyzed daily. Maintaining this network in a good state of operation has become an important national program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam since 2006. Although the current light-trap network is considered as a necessity for supporting the fight against various plant pests, it has three restrictions: (1) it misses detailed accounts on the life cycle of the BPH, (2) the network has remained stable since its initial design and has not, therefore, completely adapted to the huge changes that the ecosystem of the Mekong Delta has undergone in the recent years especially due to limitations in management, and (3) the network itself is very sparsely distributed
ZAMAI, Eric. "Architecture de surveillance-commande pour les systèmes à événements discrets complexes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010078.
Full textLi, Zhongyang. "Suivi de multi-modulations non linéaires pour la surveillance." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935243.
Full textAbou, Ghaida Hussein. "Modélisation de l’équilibre et système de surveillance posturale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S167.
Full textProblems of balance are often diagnosed thanks to plantar pressure cartography systems or forces platform that measure the center of pressure displacement. These professional systems are restricted in use to medical environments, and until now, the balance monitoring systems do not offer complete satisfaction in terms of mobility and acceptability. In order to overcome these limitation and in the context of telemedicine and e-health, we aimed to develop tools for ambulatory monitoring of postural equilibrium and to understand the balance control. We have first undertaken a theoretical study on the feasibility of measuring plantar pressure and dynamic displacement of the center of pressure, from a very small number of sensors. For these applications, we have proposed a simplified mechanical foot model, as well as related assumptions. The model describes the physical relationship between foot posture and distribution of plantar pressures following its biomechanical characteristics. Based on a prototype of an instrumented insole with only 3 sensors, we have verified experimentally the ability of the system and the methods to generate both the stabilogram and the plantar pressure maps. Comparison is made with a matrix reference system, and characterization in terms of uncertainty in the case of normal foot in standing position and during walking is detailed. The measured stabilogram can be analyzed to characterize the signature of balance. We have also proposed a specific three-dimensional model describing the dynamics of balance. Based on simulation, it leads to identify the main physiological parameters related to balance control
Castang, Fabien. "Synthèse robuste de filtres de diagnostic pour la surveillance à base de modèle des systèmes multivariables et incertains." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12652.
Full textThe work presented in this dissertation is focused on the design of robust Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) filters for multivariable uncertain systems. We show how the proposed methodology can be extended to the case of feedback systems. First, an iterative scheme is presented to design a robust detection filter. The design procedure is based on robust HÆ estimation techniques and generalised structured singular values (mg). Second, a new and general scheme is presented to design robust FDI filters. The design procedure ensures simultaneously robustness of the FDI output against disturbances and modelling errors, and nominal sensitivity to faults. Robust sensitivity of the residual signals is analysed by means of a test based on the generalised structured singular value. The feedback controller is directly included in the design procedure. These approaches are validated in simulation, on a hydraulic process of laboratory and flight simulator
Pannetier, Benjamin. "Fusion de données pour la surveillance du champ de bataille." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377247.
Full textBarros, Anne. "Maintenance des systèmes multicomposants sous surveillance imparfaite : modélisation stochastique et optimisation." Troyes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TROY0004.
Full textMulti-unit systems maintenance optimisation is based on stochastic models which must take into account the stochastic evolution of the system, the maintenance actions and their impact on the system, and the monitorig information on the units state. The aim of this work is to focus on the monitoring model. Actually, the survey on multi unit maintenance optimisation presented in part one, shows that in most of existing stochastic models, the information given by the monitoring device is considered to be perfect. However, the detection algorithms used for systems diagnostis are characterised by errors such as non detection or false alarm, and detection delay. That is why we propose here to model one type of this default : a failure of one unit can be not detected with a given probability. We aim at optimising the following maintenance policy : the whole units are renewed preventively at the same time in order to avoid global system failure. We show that the optimal time of preventive renewal is totally conditionned by the evolution of an indicator of the system degradation. This indicator is a stochastic process (called failure rate process) and is calculated on the basis of the observations given by the monitoring device. The failure rate process is studied in the second part. It is calculated by writing the system failure indicator process as smooth semi martingale. Its paths are used in part three for the optimisation scheme. Numerical results show the maintenance cost obtained with our model taking into account monitoring faults is lower than the one obtained with models considering the information is perfect or does not exist
Tshilenge, Mfumu Jean-Claude. "Proposition d'une méthode organisationnelle pour la surveillance de la propagation des maladies chroniques et épidémiques : Application au système de santé de la RDC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM029.
Full textMonitoring the spread of epidemic diseases is a major concern in the area of public health. In 17th century, a scientific discipline called epidemiology was born. It is defined as the study of the distribution of health problems and their determinants in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention of health problems. There are two modes of surveillance: active and passive. In active surveillance, the investigator will seek information from participants, is practiced during large cross-sectional surveys which involve sampling the population. In passive mode, surveillance is carried out on the basis of information that the health facilities send back to the health agencies.In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the health authorities adopted and adapted in 2011 an IDSR (Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response) strategy proposed by the World Health Organization in favor of the low-income and middle-income countries. The implementation of this strategy failed due to the lack of an organizational framework that we would propose through our research work.We propose an organizational innovation method called CHICKEN whose process and object models contribute to the problems raised by health professionals in the health pyramid of the DRC namely to : (i) improve the quality of health data by setting up process models that can be reused by health workers to properly identify and confirm the suspected cases of a pathology; (ii) set up analysis tools to detect the determinants of epidemics according to their periodicity in time and space while ensuring automatic reminders to health units in lack of data; and (iii) facilitate the cooperation between actors that can improve or optimize the anticipation of the spread of epidemic diseases
Sanchez, Wilfried. "Approche multi-biomarqueurs chez l'épinoche à trois épines (Gasterosteus aculeatus L. ) : un modèle pour la surveillance des écosystèmes aquatiques continentaux." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175398.
Full textBroussely, Marc. "Réduction de modèles thermiques par la théorie des réseaux, application à la surveillance d'une machine asynchrone par couplage d'un modèle thermique réduit avec un schéma équivalent électrique." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2320.
Full textKekatos, Nikolaos. "Vérification formelle des systèmes cyber-physiques dans le processus industriel de la conception basée sur modèle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM081/document.
Full textCyber-Physical Systems form a class of complex, large-scale systems of frequently safety-critical nature in various industrial applications. Formal verification approaches can provide performance and safety guarantees for these systems. They require three elements: a formal model, a formal verification method, and a set of formal specifications. However, industrial models are typically non-formal, they are analyzed in non-formal simulation environments, and their specifications are described in non-formal natural language. In this thesis, we aim to facilitate the integration of formal verification into the industrial model-based design process.Our first key contribution is a model transformation methodology. Starting with a standard simulation model, we transform it into an equivalent verification model, particularly a network of hybrid automata. The transformation process addresses differences in syntax, semantics, and other aspects of modeling. For this class of formal models, so-called reachability algorithms can be applied to verify safety properties. An obstacle is that scalable algorithms exist for piecewise affine (PWA) models, but not for nonlinear ones. To obtain PWA over-approximations of nonlinear dynamics, we propose a compositional syntactic hybridization technique. The result is a highly compact model that retains the modular structure of the original simulation model and largely avoids an explosion in the number of partitions.The second key contribution is an approach to encode rich formal specifications so that they can be interpreted by tools for reachability. Herein, we consider specifications expressed by pattern templates since they are close to natural language and can be easily understood by non-expert users. We provide (i) formal definitions for select patterns that respect the semantics of hybrid automata, and (ii) monitors which encode the properties as the reachability of an error state. By composing these monitors with the formal model under study, the properties can be checked by off-the-shelf fully automated verification tools.Furthermore, we provide a semi-automated toolchain and present results from case studies conducted in collaboration with industrial partners
Carminati, Lionel. "Détection et suivi d'objets dans les scènes animées : application à la vidéo surveillance." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13190.
Full textSherdil, Ariana. "Stimulation, surveillance et algorithme de détection du noyau antérieur du thalamus dans le cadre d'un modèle d'épilepsie focale motrice chez le primate." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV046/document.
Full textIt has been shown that the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is involved in the mésio temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE); but its role has not been described yet. This implication, in addition to its strategic position within the Papez circuit makes it a prime target for the deep brain stimulation (DBS). Many studies have then been led for twenty years in humans and animals, using many stimulation paradigms, and several conclusions, sometimes conflicting resulted. In order to stimulate the ANT in an adequate manner to obtain an effect on seizures, it is crucial to understand how the ANT is involved during mTLE. A reliable and representative animal model of the human pathology is needed to answer these questions. In the first part of this work, an on demand model of mTLE in the non-human primate (NHP) has been characterized. It has been shown in five NHPs that a penicillin (PNC) injection in the hippocampus (HPC) led to the occurrence of typical seizures during 4 to 5 hours. The onset and disappearance kinetic of ictal events doesn’t vary between animals and experiments; in addition, the seizure frequency presents a stable plateau which could be useful to test new drugs or therapies. A hippocampic sclerosis supported by cellular adjustments has also been observed in the injected HPC). In a second part, we used this model of mTLE in order to identify the involvement type of the ANT (common passive relay or node within the primary epileptic circuit). To do so, we evaluated the effects of chemical and electrical neuromodulation of the ANT on the HPC ictal activity. We observed variation of the HPC baseline electric activity at a specific stimulation frequency of the ANT. Then we found out that this stimulation frequency led to a significate improvement of the number of seizures and of the total time spent in seizure. Then, we tried to identify using coherence analysis between activities recorded in the ANT and the HPC some electrophysiological biomarkers to prevent a good efficacy of the DBS. This approach could then lead to solutions which could offer a smarter and better suited stimulation to the patients
Mountassir, Mahjoub El. "Surveillance d'intégrité des structures par apprentissage statistique : application aux structures tubulaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0047.
Full textTo ensure better working conditions of civil and engineering structures, inspections must be made on a regular basis. However, these inspections could be labor-intensive and cost-consuming. In this context, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems using permanently attached transducers were proposed to ensure continuous damage diagnostic of these structures. In SHM, damage detection is generally based on comparison between the healthy state signals and the current signals. Nevertheless, the environmental and operational conditions will have an effect on the healthy state signals. If these effects are not taken into account they would result in false indication of damage (false alarm). In this thesis, classical machine learning methods used for damage detection have been applied in the case of pipelines. The effects of some measurements parameters on the robustness of these methods have been investigated. Afterthat, two approaches were proposed for damage diagnostic depending on the database of reference signals. If this database contains large variation of these EOCs, a sparse estimation of the current signal is calculated. Then, the estimation error is used as an indication of the presence of damage. Otherwise, if this database is acquired at limited range of EOCs, moving window PCA can be applied to update the model of the healthy state provided that the EOCs show slow and continuous variation. In both approaches, damage localization was ensured using a sliding window over the damaged pipe signal
Cavalerie, Lisa. "Persistance de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Mayotte : surveillance, modélisation et perceptions." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0027/document.
Full textRift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne zoonosis, with a wide variety of potential competent vectors. During the last fifteen years, RVF caused tens of thousands of human cases, hundreds of human deaths and more than 100,000 domestic ruminant deaths in Africa and in the Arabic peninsula. After the first detection of RVF in Mayotte, an animal health surveillance network has been created in 2009, namely the SESAM. The aim of this PhD was to assess the epidemiological situation of Mayotte toward RVF in 2012-2013, to assess the persistence probability of RVF in the territory and to document farmers’ perceptions and health priorities. In 2012, RVF surveillance has been revised in order to partially renew the pool of the sentinel herds. The passive surveillance with systematic RVF detection assay on abortion and abnormal mortality was enforced. A continuous decrease in the seroprevalence was observed based on 2010-2013 data. During 2012-2013, a steady incidence rate of about 2 seroconversions per 100 animal-year was observed. This rate is much lower than the previous assessment of 18% during 2011. RVF virus was not detected in any of the 41 declared abortion cases. Surveillance performance criteria were discussed and assessed showing mainly an increase in data quality between 2010 and 2013. A SIR dynamic model was built based on vector knowledge and observed seroprevalence in Mayotte from 2008 to 2013. Estimated host-vector transmission rate was fivefold lower than expected according to current literature. Persistence probability, without reintroduction of viremic animals, was predicted to be 10% five years after virus introduction. Finally, health problem prioritization in Mayotte was studied through focus groups, gathering 164 farmers. The five main issues stated were: blackleg, ticks, a respiratory « fever/flu-like» syndrome, a dermatologic syndrome and diarrhoea. RVF was absent from the priority problems list in which abortions were ranked 9th. However abortions came first when « risk » criteria was taken into account, raising issues of cultural risk perceptions. Further surveillance and research using transdisciplinary approaches that mix mathematical modelling and the humanities should be continued with the view to assess more precisely reemergence probability in Mayotte and anticipate mitigating measures. Surveillance and research should also align with farmers’ expectations. The development of syndromic surveillance (abortion, death, etc.) requires strengthening surveillance network and identification data quality. Mayotte surveillance components should also be fully integrated within the regional and national schemes
Gonçalves, Maia Maria João. "Le syndrome Xeroderma Pigmentosum : Un nouveau modèle pour l’étude du rôle des fibroblastes dans la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée contre les cellules cutanées cancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4037.
Full textSkin cancer etiology is related to genetic mutations arising after ultraviolet (UV) sun exposure. The propagation of cancer cells is also dependent of a crosstalk with cells present in the surrounding microenvironment, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disease that comprises seven groups of genetic complementation (XP-A to XP-G). XP patients present a default in the mechanism responsible for the repair of UV-induced DNA lesions. They are prone to develop skin cancers with high frequencies early in their life. XP-C is the most represented complementation group in Europe and in XP-C patients squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are more frequent than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (ratio 5:1). SCC have high metastatic potential compared to BCC. Previous studies suggested that the immune responses in XP patients could be altered with defects in their NK lytic activity and a decrease in the levels of circulating T lymphocytes. The main objective of this thesis was to identify microenvironment factors that could contribute to the progression of aggressive skin cancers using XP-C disease cells as a model of skin cancer susceptibility. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of WT and XP-C dermal patient’s fibroblasts revealed that CLEC2A, a ligand of the activating NK receptor NKp65 implicated in the activation of the innate immune system, is expressed in WT fibroblasts and absent in XP-C fibroblasts. Additional work showed that CLEC2A level is decreased in WT fibroblasts during replicative senescence, is absent in CAF and SCC, and is down regulated by soluble factors secreted by SCC cells. These results suggest that the loss of CLEC2A may induce a deficit of NK cell activation in the tumor microenvironment of SCC and in the dermis of XP-C patients. Elaboration of 3D skin culture models including NK cells and, in the presence or absence of blocking anti-CLEC2A antibody, allowed us to show that CLEC2A/NKp65 interaction regulates SCC cells invasion through a crosstalk between fibroblasts and NK cells. Our results suggest that the expression of CLEC2A in fibroblasts contributes to skin immune surveillance while, conversely, its absence under yet unidentified factors, favors the development of aggressive cancers in XP-C patients. CLEC2A could be a potential target in the fight against SCC progression
Saint-Denis, Marine. "Approche multimarqueurs chez le ver Eisenia Fetida Andrei : un modèle pour l'évaluation de l'écotoxicité des substances chimiques et la surveillance des sols contaminés." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT003A.
Full textLuvison, Bertrand. "Détection non supervisée d'évènements rares dans un flot vidéo : application à la surveillance d'espaces publics." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626490.
Full textBiteau-Coroller, Fabienne. "Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmissiondes maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielleExemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137450.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est à la fois d'étudier les outils méthodologiques et diagnostiques disponibles pour évaluer les risques liés à la FCM et d'en développer d'autres afin d'améliorer la surveillance de cette maladie en France.
Une première étude a constitué en l'évaluation des performances épidémiologiques du test sérologique (ELISA de compétition) utilisé pour le diagnostic et la surveillance de la FCM en Corse et sur le continent français. Une analyse du plan de surveillance de la circulation virale dans le contexte particulier corse a également été conduite. Elle a permis notamment d'identifier les points critiques de ce dispositif.
Suite à la détection de la présence de Culicoides imicola, vecteur biologique impliqué dans la circulation du virus de la FCM (BTV) sur le pourtour méditerranéen, dans la vallée de l'Argens (département du Var), le besoin de développer de nouveaux outils pour surveiller et évaluer le risque de transmission de ce virus dans des zones d'implantation récente est devenu nécessaire. Une étude entomologique a ainsi été mise en place dans la vallée de l'Argens afin i) de confirmer l'installation de C. imicola dans cette zone, ii) de suivre la dynamique de cette population sur une saison d'activité, iii) de collecter des données entomologiques pour estimer le potentiel de transmission de cette population de vecteurs. Un modèle stochastique de capacité vectorielle regroupant des données spécifiques des populations locales de C. imicola et des données publiées dans la littérature est ainsi proposé. Une étude de la compétence de C. imicola vis-à-vis du sérotype 9 de la FCM a, de plus, été initiée.
La discussion générale s'attarde sur les points qui semblent importants pour améliorer le dispositif de surveillance et avancer vers la mise en place d'un système d'alerte précoce. Elle ouvre également de nouvelles perspectives pour prolonger l'approche intégrative proposée en incluant notamment des travaux de géomatique initiés sur C. imicola. Elle pose, de plus, la question d'un passage à une échelle d'étude plus large. Les questions de recherche que pose l'épizootie récente de FCM dans le Nord de l'Europe sont finalement examinées.
Bonté, Bruno. "Modélisation et simulation de l'interdépendance entre l'objet, l'observateur et le modèle de l'objet dans la Triade de Minsky. Application à la surveillance épidémiologique en santé animale." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719426.
Full textBonte, Bruno. "Modélisation et simulation de l’interdépendance entre l’objet, l’observateur et le modèle de l’objet dans la Triade de Minsky. Application à la surveillance épidémiologique en santé animale." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20173/document.
Full textThe spread of a disease at national or international scale isn't a reproducible experiment. If experiment is not reproducible, the usual concept of model validation has no statistical meaning because it would involve the comparison between model behaviour and system behaviour.We use Marvin Minsky's definition of model: « to an observer B, an object A* is a model of an object A to the extent that B can use A* to answer questions that interest him about A ». The tree objects A, B and A* are the triad of Minsky. We propose to use the Theory of Modelling and Simulation (TMS) to model and simulate the triad seen as a dynamic system composed of the objects A, B and A*. We hence can answer questions about the use of A* and the impact it has on A.We apply this framework to a triad of Minsky in epidemiological surveillance in animal health. An epidemics (object A) is observed and controlled by a surveillance system and a control system (observer B) and an epidemiological model (model A*) is used to evaluate the control measures
Ritou, Mathieu. "Surveillance d'usinage en fraisage de pièces complexes par un suivi de la broche." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355721.
Full textTout d'abord, plusieurs critères issus de la bibliographie et susceptibles de résoudre notre problématique, ont été testés dans des conditions de coupe et de trajectoires industrielles, ce qui n'avait pas été fait auparavant. L'analyse de leur comportement a permis de mettre en évidence leurs faiblesses et de faire évoluer notre réflexion, avant de proposer une nouvelle méthode : la Surveillance d'Usinage Intermittente. L'état de l'outil est estimé à partir des efforts de coupe, puis reporté sur une carte de contrôle. Pour plus de fiabilité, seules les zones où la coupe est stable sont surveillées.
Afin d'augmenter la précision, la robustesse et le domaine de validité de la méthode, des améliorations ont ensuite été apportées, quant au conditionnement et à l'analyse des signaux d'efforts. Par ailleurs, les estimations de l'état de l'outil sont affinées pendant l'usinage, grâce à des simulations numériques effectuées au préalable. Des expérimentations ont validé l'approche, par des détections fiables de l'état d'un outil possédant 5 dents (dont une endommagée ou non).
Enfin, nous avons montré que notre méthode permet de détecter de très faibles endommagements de l'outil, survenant au cours de l'usinage d'une pièce. Nous proposons également de coupler notre SSAU à un système d'inspection des outils hors-usinage pour confirmer les détections. Nous avons ensuite montré que notre méthode n'est pas perturbée par l'usure des outils. Une table dynamométrique n'étant pas viable industriellement, nous avons cherché des alternatives. Nous avons finalement montré que la mesure d'efforts peut être réalisée en instrumentant la broche par des capteurs inductifs. L'application de notre méthode permet alors, dans un cadre industriel, de détecter de très faibles endommagements de l'outil, lors de production flexible en fraisage.
Bouam, Samir. "Aide à la décision pour la surveillance des infections nosocomiales et la sélection de l'antibiothérapie empirique : adaptation d'un modèle conceptuel pour l'implémentation et l'évaluation d'un système intégré au SIH." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05CD10.
Full textAtohoun, Béthel Christian A. R. K. "Architecture logique d'un système multi agents de suivi multi caméra distribué : exploitation du modèle de croyance transférable." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0373/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the joint use of the theory of evidence and multiple hypothesis tracking for modeling and managing a system for monitoring multiple cameras in a motorway. The tracking is based on the re-identification of objects (vehicles) on the basis of visuals and times informations. A realization of these concepts results in the design and implementation of a software architecture for multiple agents management of multiple camera tracking system. After presenting the state of the art on the frameworks of uncertainty management and that on information fusion for the matching, and the multi-agent systems, our contribution in this work is on two or three levels. The first was an adaptation of the decision phase of the transferable belief model to incorporate the use of multi-hypotheses tracking as a tool of ambiguity survey in case of indecision in matching situation. The second contribution was a proposition of agent-based software architecture for management of a multiple cameras tracking system. We have proposed the global system modeling as well as agents and their interactions modeling using a personal analysis method but nevertheless inspired by modelisation languages and tolls such as Agent UML, MaSE and others, because there is not yet a standard and normalized tool on the subject. Our third contribution was to begin an implementation of our agent-based software architecture using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework). Some experiment and discussions are presented at the end to lead to our conclusions and perspectives
Cayssials, Émilie. "Les lymphocytes T CD8 innés et immunosurveillance antitumorale : application au modèle de la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1407.
Full textWe have recently identified a new subset of innate T cells in humans, which we have termed « innate CD8 T-cells ». These cells express TCRαβ along with the transcription factor Eomesodermine (Eomes) and KIR/NKG2A membrane receptors. Innate CD8 T-cells share functional and phenotypic features with “innate memory” CD8 T-cells discovered in mice in the early 2000s. The development of these cells depends on the secretion of IL-4 by the T cells expressing the transcription factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF), and particularly iNKT, also called « invariant Natural Killer T-cells ». We have used the physiopathological model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to study the potential role of innate CD8 T -cells in anticancer immunity in humans. Indeed, CML is considered to be one of the cancers most sensitive to immunological manipulation. CML is a malignant hemopathy that belongs to the family of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. This oncogene is responsible for expression of the oncoprotein BCR-ABL with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) represent the standard of care for CML patients, of which the first in class was Imatinib. This targeted therapy has dramatically improved outcomes CML patients' outcomes, but they cannot achieve a cure. We previously reported that iNKT lymphocytes, a sub-population of innate T cells of which the implication into anti-tumoral immunosurveillance has been clearly demonstrated in human and in mouse models, are anergic in CML patients at diagnosis. Although these cells are functionally impaired, particularly in terms of IL-4 secretion, we have shown that their functional deficiencies are totally restored in CML patients in complete cytogenetic remission upon Imatinib therapy. Similarly to the iNKT lymphocytes, we presently show a major defect in the innate CD8 T-cells during the chronic phase in CML patients compared to those of healthy donors (HD) or patients in major molecular remission (MMR). This numerical defect is associated with a loss of NK-like functions (interferon-γ expression after innate stimulation by IL-12+IL-18 cytokines and with a loss of degranulation after stimulation via CD16). Interestingly, we have observed in patients in MMR under Imatinib a numeric and functional restoration that is at least partial, in terms of interferon-γ secretion after innate stimulation, of the innate CD8 T-cells. In analysis of cohorts of HD, CML patients at diagnosis and those in MMR under TKI, we have observed a correlation between Eomes expression by innate T CD8 T-cells and PLZF expression by iNKT cells. This finding underscores a possible dynamic process of generation of innate CD8 T-cells in humans that would depend on iNKT cells, as is the case in mice. To test the hypothesis that innate CD8 T-cells contribute to the control of CML, we have analyzed their status in a cohort of CML patients who, in spite of a persistent minimal residual disease, had maintained remission (MMR) more than two years after TKI discontinuation. In these patients, we demonstrate a dramatic increase of functional active innate CD8 T-cells as compared to HD and patients in MMR under TKI. All in all, these results underscore the major role of innate CD8 T-cells in anti-leukemic immunity during CML disease. We believe and we will test the hypothesis that the numeric and functional restoration of this subset might constitute a potential biomarker of successful TKI cessation in CML. We will also investigate whether innate CD8 T-cells could be a target for immunotherapy-based strategy
Dawoua, Kaoutoing Maxime. "Contributions à la modélisation et la simulation de la coupe des métaux : vers un outil d'aide à la surveillance par apprentissage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0013.
Full textShaping processes by material removal, also known as machining, are the manufacturing processes most commonly used for the production of mechanical parts, particularly in industrial sectors such as aeronautics, automotive, railways, etc. Although these processes are widely used in industry, the prediction of the characteristic sizes of the machining process is not always accurate, and a poor choice of cutting conditions can lead to abnormal tool wear or even to a deterioration in the quality of the machined part. The fine simulation of machining parameters, aiming at detecting anomalies, is a good example of this problem, as it represents the general problem of optimizing metal cutting to obtain cutting accuracy and anticipate rapid tool wear. This thesis is a contribution to the modelling and simulation of metal cutting, with a view to assisting mechanical parts manufacturing companies in their decision-making, based on knowledge extraction from simulated data. An efficient implementation of an analytical model of orthogonal cutting of metals, able to predict cutting parameters in a reduced time was proposed. The performance of this model was studied by comparing its predictions with the 1045 and carbon steel machining data that are available in the literature. By using the high speed resolution obtained from the proposed implementation, a large quantity of data simulating real cutting conditions was generated, and allowed the elaboration of a machining monitoring approach, based on a deep unsupervised learning method. The implementation with the simulated data highlighted the ability of the proposed detection approach to identify combinations of input parameter values (from the analytical cutting model) that could generate an abnormally high internal temperature; this was considered in the thesis as an indicator of the health of the machining system. Implementation of the proposed learning model gave an accuracy of 99,96 % and a precision of 96%, reflecting its ability to effectively predict the outcome
Ndawinz, Jacques Deval Armstrong. "Estimation de l'Incidence de l'Infection par le VIH et autres Indicateurs de Surveillance de l'Épidémie du VIH : le cas de la France et du Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066179/document.
Full textA possible solution to eliminate the spread of the HIV epidemic is that people living with HIV (PLHIV) unaware of their HIV status (the hidden epidemic) are diagnosed and that all PLHIV have timely access to antiretroviral treatment (ART). That is why it is now recommended to put in place interventions combining early diagnosis of HIV and early initiation of ART. The objective of this thesis is to develop statistical methods to estimate indicators to identify, monitor and evaluate these interventions in different epidemic settings. Thus, a first back-calculation model combining HIV diagnosis data and changes in access to HIV screening is developed - with an application in France -to estimate the incidence of HIV infection, the duration between infection and HIV diagnosis and the size of the hidden epidemic. A multilevel analysis is implemented to identify risk factors associated with late ART initiation in Cameroon. A method based on multilevel models is proposed - with an application to Cameroon - to estimate two new indicators, the time between seroconversion and ART initiation and the delay between the theoretical time of ART eligibility and the effective time of ART initiation. A second back-calculation model more adapted to Africa countries is developed from data on PLHIV initiating ART - with an application in Cameroon - to estimate the incidence of HIV infection. This thesis proposes original methods to estimate the incidence of HIV infection and the time to HIV diagnosis or ART initiation
Fabiani, Patrick. "Représentation dynamique de l'incertain et stratégie de perception pour un système autonome en environnement évolutif." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0028.
Full textBrenckmann, Vivien. "Monitorage de l'inflammation pulmonaire par le monoxyde de carbone endogène exhalé dans un modèle de poumons humains : Application lors d'optimisation de greffons en perfusion pulmonaire Ex-Vivo avant transplantation pulmonaire. Étude BreathDiag-COe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS006.
Full textTo compensate the lack of pulmonary grafts, ex-vivo lung perfusion techniques (EVLP) have been developed. The evaluation criteria are based on physiological parameters such as the quality of gas exchange, pulmonary vascular resistance, edema formation, and the general appearance of the lungs. The endogenous production of carbon monoxide (CO) is influenced by inflammatory phenomena and is more particularly linked to the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion.The measurement of exhaled CO (eCO) is possible thanks to a laser spectrometer (ProCeas®). This device is precise (concentrations lower than Ppmv) and fast allowing cycle-to-cycle monitoring, in real time.The aim of the study was to assess the eCO level of human lung grafts during the EVLP procedure and to compare it with the acceptance of the grafts, the other parameters tested and the short-term outcome of the recipients.Material and methodLung grafts have been optimized and evaluated in normothermic EVLP. The lungs were gradually warmed, perfused and ventilated. This was followed by an evaluation phase (including recruitment maneuvers) lasting two to four hours.The ProCeas® was connected in bypass to the ventilation circuit. CO production was averaged over five minutes at the end of each recruitment procedure.At the end of the EVLP procedure, the decision to transplant the lungs was taken according to the usual criteria of the surgical team without knowing the value of eCO.Results and discussion21 procedures took place at Foch Hospital in Suresnes from December 2018 to July 2019, including 13 grafts with extended criteria (EC) and 8 from donors after cardiac arrest (Category III of Maastricht) (DDCA-M3).The presence of blood in the airways distorted the eCO results, so three procedures were excluded.There was no difference in eCO based on the EC or DDCA-M3 origin of the lungs.Of the 18 grafts, two were definitively rejected at the graft. There was a tendency for higher eCO for the recused lungs (p=0.068). This trend was present from the start of the procedures.Regarding the physiological parameters tested during EVLP procedures, eCO was correlated with glucose consumption (r=0.64; p=0.04) and lactate production (r=0.53; p=0.025). There was a non-significant relationship with vascular resistance (p = 0.062). There was no link between eCO and edema formation or the PaO2/FiO2 relationship per PPEV.Concerning the post-operative data, by separating the grafts into 2 groups (low eCO Vs high eCO, limit fixed at 0,235 Ppmv), there was a tendency to better capacities of hemostasis (PaO2/FiO2) at 24h (p=0.052) for those with a low eCO level. All lungs with high eCO levels presented a PGD score of 3 within 72 hours (p=0.088). There was also a tendency for longer durations of resuscitation (6 days (+-3.25) vs 15 days (+-3.83), p = 0.06) and total duration in the continuing care unit (resuscitation + intensive care) (14.5 days (+-2.34) vs 19 days (+-3.4) (p = 0.07)) for grafts with a high COe level.ConclusionThe eCO level per EVLP could be an additional and early aid in the evaluation of the lungs.It also seems to be able to provide prognostic help to anticipate post-operative resuscitation care
Sallah, Kankoe. "Diffusion spatio-temporelle des épidémies : approche comparée des modélisations mathématiques et biostatistiques, cibles d'intervention et mobilité humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0607.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we have developed a malaria transmission metamodel based on the susceptible-infected-resistant compartmental modeling framework (SIR) and taking into consideration human mobility flows between different villages in the Center of Senegal. Geographically targeted intervention strategies had been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of malaria both within and outside of intervention areas. However, combined interventions targeting both vector and host, coordinated on a large scale are needed in regions and countries aiming to achieve malaria elimination in the short/medium term.In the second part we have evaluated different methods of estimating human mobility in the absence of real data. These methods included spatio-temporal traceability of mobile phones, mathematical models of gravity and radiation. The transport of the pathogen through the geographical space via the mobility of an infected subject is a major determinant of the spread of an epidemic. We introduced the impedance model that minimized the mean square error on mobility estimates, especially in contexts where population sets are characterized by their heterogeneous sizes.Finally, we have expanded the framework of assumptions underlying the calibration of the gravity models of human mobility. The hypothesis of a zero inflated distribution provided a better fit and a better predictability, compared to the classical approach not assuming an excess of zeros: Poisson, Quasipoisson
Delval, Vincent. "Recherche sur un modèle d'autorité de régulation dans l'Union européenne dans les secteurs économiques et financiers." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20015/document.
Full textOver the past two decades, the authorities in charge of the regulation of sectors as diverse as Energy, Postal services, Electronic communications, Transports, Banking, Insurance and Securities have increased on a national level as well as on an European level. Imposed by Legislation, or free, in order to obtain impartiality and credibility, this European movement of creation of regulators can face some difficulties. Whatever the structure of these authorities, the extent of their powers, their degree of independence or their quest for Legitimacy, the solutions adopted to institutionalise regulation vary widely from a State to another, this diversity greatly affects the unity of this legal category. However and despite the absence of any harmonised framework, a common purpose animates these authorities which is to supervise, monitor, secure and protect. Due to different national and European experiences, this established fact raises issues about the possibility and also the opportunity of building a regulatory authority model in network utilities and in financial sectors that could guide the States as well as the European Union
Da, Silva Sandro Cahanda Marinho. "Remote surveillance and face tracking with mobile phones (smart eyes)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textLe, Vey Georges. "Analyse modale et surveillance vibratoire des machines tournantes." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10081.
Full textFerryman, James Michael. "Visual surveillance using 3D deformable models." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270279.
Full textLi, Zhongyang. "Modélisation de signaux longs multicomposantes modulés non linéairement en fréquence et en amplitude : suivi de ces composantes dans le plan temps-fréquence." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a novel method is proposed for modeling the non-linear amplitude and frequency modulations of non-stationary multi-component signals of long duration. The method relies on the decomposition of the signal into short time segments to carry out local modelings on these segments. In order to initialize the modeling, a first step is designed which can be considered as an independent estimator of the modulations over the entire duration of the signal. The originality of this approach lies in the definition of the total divergence matrix integrating simultaneously the amplitude and frequency values, which are employed for the association of a peak to a component according to a stochastic acceptation criteria. Following the initialization, the proposed method estimates the modulations by the step sequence of segmentation, modeling and fusion. The locally obtained modulation functions estimated by maximum likelihood are finally connected in the fusion step which suppresses their discontinuity and yields the global estimation over the entire signal duration. All these steps are defined in order to be able to model multicomponent signals with births and deaths, making one of its original features compared to existing techniques. The results on real and simulated signals have shown the good performance and adaptability of the proposed method
Mansoor, Shaheer. "System Surveillance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98189.
Full textHofmann, Mathias. "Statistical Models for Infectious Disease Surveillance Counts." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-66012.
Full textPollard, Evangeline. "Evaluation de situations dynamiques multicibles par fusion de données spatio-temporelles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536071.
Full textPollard, Evangeline. "Evaluation de situations dynamiques multicibles par fusion de données spatio-temporelles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0071.
Full textThis PhD work, carried out in collaboration with Onera, is in the domain of battlefield surveillance. The goal is ta develop multi-source data fusion approaches for wide area situation assessment, the approaches being semi-automatic almost real time. The two-step method, developed for the situation assessment, consists of two granularity levels. The first step is a global situation evaluation using a new multitarget tracking algorithm, a hybridization of two existing algorithms: the GM-CPHD filter and the MHT with road constraints. This algorithm, which uses GMTI data, can be applied ta resolved targets as weil as closely spaced targets. A more accurate situation assessment is done in a second step, by detecting abjects of interest su ch as convoys by using other data types (SAR, video). These detections are based on Bayesian networks, as weil as their credibilistic counterpart
Saeed, Kashif. "Contribution à la surveillance de l'intégrité de structures." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0024.
Full textConception of a structural health monitoring system comprises of various steps involving structural modeling, identification, feature extraction and development of a statistical model for damage identification. The objective of this thesis is to develop a damage localization approach integrating these steps and to validate the approach by finite element numerical simulations. In this context, different steps involved in the modeling of an active structure, comprising of piezoelectric sensors, were highlighted. For system identification, subspace identification (SubID) method was chosen, as it is based on robust matrix based operations. Problems related to the accuracy of modal parameter estimates and to the automatic elimination of spurious modes in this method were addressed by proposing an alternative stabilization histogram. This histogram automatically extracts identified modal parameters and gives an estimate of the level of confidence with which a mode is identified. Three existing subspace based features are tested by using a simple numerical model and it is shown that damage localization is difficult to achieve using these features. An artificial neural network based approach using a new non-parametric residual vector, as input, is proposed for damage identification. The residual vector is associated with observability null-space of the system and is generated by using parity matrices, obtained from SubID. Numerical and experimental results obtained from a cantilever beam and from aluminum plates validate the proposed methodology
Guettari, Toufik. "Détection de la présence humaine et évaluation de la qualité du sommeil en établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD)." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0030/document.
Full textIn France, in Europe and worldwide, the aging population is a reality. Some of these elderly people lose their autonomy as they are no longer able to manage alone the tasks of daily life. The societal issue is therefore to ensure a level of well-being and safety of these persons, consistent with changes in living standards, customs and modern habits. The research areas related to the problems of elderly people at home are showing great dynamism, while the nursing home, which remains the solution for cases of high dependence, is somewhat neglected. Nevertheless, staff shortages combined with rising costs and residents’ demands offer an opportunity for innovative ICT-based solutions. The work presented here was performed, in the context of a CIFRE doctoral thesis, within the Legrand research team and at the physics and electronics department of Mines-Telecom SudParis at Evry. The subject and project aim was twofold: firstly, designing a new sensor which will be incorporated in the electrical installation of the patient’s living space, and secondly, a multi-sensor merger to monitor the activity of the resident in order to enable real-time reporting of situations requiring the caregiver’s intervention or to detect slow drifts whose interpretation will be the responsibility of the medical staff. The work carried out for the purpose of this thesis has been included partially in the FUI 14 project whose propose is precisely the “supervision of residents in the nursing home”. The present paper is structured in such a way as to introduce the background of the work and the approach taken to perform it. The context and needs identified for monitoring of nursing home residents are also introduced. We begin by describing existing monitoring systems and the technical methods used to detect emergency situations. We end the first part (chapter 1) of this paper by specifying the major problem encountered when testing existing monitoring systems based on ambient sensors: namely how to detect the presence of an immobile and silent person in the room. Using an existing pyro-electric infrared sensors network installation in a nursing home, the next section proposes an original solution for detecting human presence in a room and also for differentiating between the presence of one and the presence of more than one person (chapter 2). Chapter 3 presents a new sensor integrated into the electrical installation of the patient’s living space. Here, we introduce a thermopile based thermal sensor in order to detect the presence of a person in his/her living space. In this work we restrict the use of this sensor to detecting the presence of the person in bed (chapter 4). The estimation of sleep quality which represents the original dimension of our work is presented in chapter 5. Differentiation between different phases of sleep is based on unsupervised classification approaches. Our project opens up encouraging prospects for the use of this type of sensor for relatively fine characterization of different kinds of sleep
Mwela, Chipo Misondzi. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of district health personnel about nutrition surveillance programme in Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textCASAS, Stellio. "Modélisation de la bioaccumulation de métaux traces (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn) chez la moule, Mytilus galloprovincialis, en milieu méditerranéen." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009551.
Full textWong, Yuen-ting, and 黃婉婷. "Inferring influenza epidemic attack rates from serological surveillance data." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45174696.
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